Academic literature on the topic 'Refractory'

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Journal articles on the topic "Refractory"

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Albrecht, Gelon, Stefan Kaiser, Harald Giessen, and Mario Hentschel. "Refractory Plasmonics without Refractory Materials." Nano Letters 17, no. 10 (September 8, 2017): 6402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03303.

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Hashem Boroojerdi, Mohadese, Nasibeh Daneshvar, Peyman Gh.zadeh, Sabariah Md Noor, and Zainina Seman. "Descriptive analysis of antigen expression pattern in refractory anemia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts and refractory anemia with excess blast cases using flow cytometry." Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2014): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/jmbs.2013/4-2/8.

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Tang, Mao, and Lu Cixin. "Refractory Hypoglycemia due to Humulin." Endocrinology and Disorders 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/109.

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Humulin 70/30 insulin is an intermediate acting medication used for treatment diabetes mellitus. According to systematic review and there have been forty four case reports of overdoses with different types of insulin. We present a unique case of insulin Humulin 70/30 overdose due to suicidal attempt that presented with persistent hypoglycemia and required prolonged hospital treatment. A47 years old female patient presented to the emergency department due to decreased level of consciousness after self -administration of 2000 international unit Humulin insulin 70/30 suicidal attempt. In the emergency department patient treated with 250 ml D10% then shifted to the medical department. The patient continue treatment with dextrose 10% 200 ml/hour as continuous infusion, unfractionated heparin 7500 international unit/12 hour, hydrocortisone 100mg /6 hours, octreotide 100 microgram /8 and glucagon 1 mg . On the fourth day all medication and D10% stopped and the patient still under observation then discharged on will general condition without hypoglycemia attacks. A single high overdose of Humulin insulin can present with prolonged persistent hypoglycemia that is refractory to D10% alone. All physicians should know the guidelines to treat severe form of hypoglycemia and when to admit into medical department or intensive care unit with follow up for blood glucose and serum electrolyte monitoring.
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Foust, Rebecca. "Refractory." JAMA 308, no. 24 (December 26, 2012): 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.13648.

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Coles, Michael John, Nicole Palmer, and Robert Casper. "The Refractory Endometrium is Still Refractory." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 39, no. 12 (December 2017): 1188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2017.07.006.

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Samanta, Debopam, Lisa Garrity, and Ravindra Arya. "Refractory and Super-refractory Status Epilepticus." Indian Pediatrics 57, no. 3 (March 2020): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-020-1759-0.

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Tomšů, F., and S. Palčo. "Refractory Monolithics versus Shaped Refractory Products." Interceram - International Ceramic Review 66, no. 1-2 (March 2017): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03401197.

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Misra, UshaK, Deepanshu Dubey, and Jayantee Kalita. "Status epilepticus: Refractory and super-refractory." Neurology India 65, no. 7 (2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/neuroindia.ni_958_16.

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Vojtěch, Zdeněk, and Michaela Nová. "Refractory and super­‑refractory status epilepticus." Neurologie pro praxi 25, no. 3 (June 20, 2024): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/neu.2024.021.

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Chun, Feng, Ji Qi, Zhu Lijuan, Zhang Kai, and Bai Xiaofeng. "The Characteristics of Refractory Steel and Its Development and Application in Petroleum and Other Fields." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2639, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2639/1/012058.

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Abstract Because the strength of structural steel decreases sharply at high temperature, it must be sprayed with fire-resistant coating or fire-resistant materials for composite use. The strength of refractory steel can be reduced by no more than 1/3 of the room temperature at high temperature, and maintain good high temperature strength. This article mainly summarizes the development history of refracto-ry steel in China and other countries, analyzes the material selection basis and strengthening mecha-nism of refractory steel, and finds that by combining Mo element solid solution strengthening, phase transformation strengthening, and Nb, the strength guarantee of refractory steel at high temper-atures and V element precipitation strengthening are obtained. Designers can calculate the service temperature of steel structure through the initial stress and design strength of components to select refractory steel. Finally, the application status of refractory steel and its application prospect in the field of oil rescue are summarized and prospected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refractory"

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Shealy, Benjamin L. "Refractory stories /." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219861866/.

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Akpan, Edem T. Gogot︠s︡i I︠U︡ G. "Viscoelastic toughening of refractory ceramics /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/284.

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Moulin, Silva Wagner. "Microsilica-bonded magnesia-based refractory castables." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-77492.

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Among the most impressive developments observed in the last 20 years, the improvement of the installation methods of monolithic refractories is certainly to be taken into account. However, this evolution, from vibratable castables to shotcrete and drycrete was not applied to materials based on magnesia, which are still mostly commercialized as ramming mixes, or as pouring castables with poor properties due to excessive water use. The major issues associated to this lack of technology is the scarcity of submicrometric powders compatible to magnesian systems, and the expansion followed by hydration of the magnesia, which is a disruptive reaction. By a thorough research on the literature, some potential additives were identified to be tested as anti-hydration additives. Hydration tests of powders in autoclave, complemented by pH and rheological measurements on magnesia pastes have identified five possible additives which can be used to inhibit the hydration: tartaric acid, citric acid, boric acid, magnesium fluoride and microsilica. Salts from the organic acids can also be successfully used. Of these, microsilica also presented the advantage of providing the submicrometric particles necessary to improve the flow of the castable, and to improve the bond of the castable. The three acids are very effective in inhibiting the formation of magnesium hydroxide, but affect negatively flow properties and mechanical resistance after cure. Microsilica prevented hydration cracks due to the reaction between the silicic acid generated under basic environment with the newly formed brucite, leading to the precipitation of a magnesium-silica-hydrated phase of poor crystallinity between the magnesia grains. This phase does not promote volumetric change, and also enable water release at a wider temperature range. Due to its nature close to serpentine minerals, it forms forsterite and enstatite at low temperatures, thus generating suitable strength between room temperature and at least 1400 °C. Magnesium fluoride changed the nature of this magnesium-silica-hydrated phase, by being incorporated to it and forming a phase more similar to the humite minerals. These minerals present higher MgO:SiO2 molar ratio than serpentine, and their formation requires a lower content of microsilica for a same effect against hydration, which is beneficial for the overall properties of the castable. The properties of the castable, as well as the influence of a number of other variables (for instance, refractoriness under load, creep, cold crushing strength, cold modulus of rupture, bulk density and apparent porosity) were also studied and hereby reported. It is believed that this technology can be further developed for industrial use, provided that some issues regarding the properties at high temperatures are solved. Not only had the study and comprehension of the nature of the bond between microsilica and magnesia, and the role of magnesium fluoride been pioneered by this work, but also the methodology used to evaluate the hydration after the drying process of castings, which was close to real refractory components.
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Kwan, Patrick Kwok Leung. "Refractory epilepsy : natural history and pathogenesis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250783.

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Fletcher, Helen Lucy. "Hydratable alumina for refractory castable systems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400262.

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Al-Mashhadani, Hayder. "Refractory metals low temperature diffusion bonding." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33758.

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In this dissertation, the minimization of the diffusion bonding temperature during refractory metals’ diffusion bonding process was studied. Two pure refractory metals were used in this study: molybdenum and tungsten. The influence on the joint quality of molybdenum structural conditions, as well as molybdenum surface conditions, was examined. Moreover, diffusion bonding of tungsten to Oxygen Free Electrical copper and copper alloy (CuCr1Zr), without using an interlayer but instead using different bonding parameters, was evaluated. Diffusion bonding of tungsten to Oxygen Free Electrical copper and to CuCr1Zr alloy using titanium and nickel together as intermediate layers was also investigated, as well as the diffusion bonding of tungsten to Oxygen Free Electrical copper and to CuCr1Zr alloy using only nickel as an intermediate layer. The resulting joints were evaluated using optical microscopy, SEM, hardness, shear, and tensile tests. The residual stresses, as well as the deformation, that are generated due to the diffusion bonding process were evaluated through a FEM simulation using the software ANSYS. For pure molybdenum joints, successful results in minimizing bonding temperature were obtained. In tungsten to Oxygen Free Electrical copper and to CuCr1Zr alloy joints contrasting results were achieved.
In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Diffusionsschweißverfahren durchgeführt, um zwei Refraktärmetalle zu verbinden. Das erste war Molybdän, das ähnlich diffusionsgeschweißt ist. Das zweite war Wolfram, das diffusionsgeschweißt an OFE-Kupfer und an die CuCr1Zr-Legierung gebunden ist. Aufgrund der hohen Schmelztemperatur von Molybdän und Wolfram erforderten sie eine hohe Diffusionsschweißtemperatur. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeiten ist es, die erforderliche Temperatur für den Verbindungsprozess zu reduzieren. Die Reduzierung der Molybdän Diffusions-schweißtemperatur ist abhängig von den Bedingungen der Molybdänoberfläche und -struktur. Die Verbindung von Wolfram mit OFE-Kupfer und mit CuCr1Zr-Legierungen erfolgte direkt (ohne Zwischenschicht) sowie unter Verwendung von Titan und Nickel als Zwischenschicht(en). Das Verbinden mit Zwischenschicht(en) ist abhängig von den Interaktionen zwischen der Zwischenschicht und den Grundwerkstoffen. Die Zwischenschichtenmetalle waren Reintitan und Reinnickel. Das Aufbringen der Zwischenschichten in den Verbindungen wurde als Wolfram - Titan - Nickel - Reinkupfer oder CuCr1Zr sortiert. Außerdem wurde nur reines Nickel als Zwischenschicht verwendet, um Wolfram mit Kupfer und der CuCr1Zr-Legierung zu verbinden. Die chemische Zusammenstellung der CuCr1Zr-Legierung ist in der Tabelle 1 dargestellt. Die Eigenspannungen sowie die Verformung, die durch den Diffusionsschweißprozess sowohl für die Refraktärmetalle Molybdän als auch Wolfram erzeugt werden, wurden durch einen Simulationsprozess mit dem Programm ANSYS bewertet. Die resultierenden Verbindungen wurden mittels Lichtmikroskopie, REM, Härte-, Scher- und Zugversuch bewertet. Die Eigenspannungen sowie die Verformung, die durch den Diffusionsschweißprozess erzeugt werden, wurden durch eine FEM-Simulation mit der Software ANSYS bewertet. Für reine Molybdänverbindungen wurden erfolgreiche Ergebnisse bei der Minimierung der Diffusionsschweißtemperatur erzielt. In Wolfram zu OFE-Kupfer und zu CuCr1Zr-Legierungsverbindungen wurden kontrastreiche Ergebnisse erzielt.
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Masiá, Fandos Nuria. "Targeting mitosis in hormone-refractory prostate cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670655.

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El CaP és la segona neoplàsia maligna invasiva diagnosticada amb major freqüència i la taxa de supervivència a 5 anys dels homes amb malaltia metastàtica cau per sota del 30%. Els andrògens, a través del receptor d'andrògens, són crucials per a l'inici i la progressió del CaP i, per tant, la ADT ha estat el principal tractament del CaP localment avançat, metastàtic i recurrent. Les teràpies de deprivació androgènica són capaces d'aconseguir inicialment una resposta bioquímica en la majoria dels pacients; no obstant això, les remissions són temporals i la malaltia acaba progressant a un estat independent d'andrògens, també denominat CRPC. Després de la progressió a CRPC, la supervivència mitjana d'aquests pacients és de menys de 2 anys i la malaltia acaba sent pràcticament intractable. Els mecanismes moleculars que causen aquesta transició continuen sent en gran part desconeguts. La creixent evidència en els últims anys suggereix que les cèl·lules de CaP insensibles als andrògens han estat reprogramades genèticament per a regular de manera selectiva l'expressió de gens de la fase M del cicle cel·lular. Els taxans, dirigits als microtúbuls, ja s'estan utilitzant en la pràctica clínica per a pacients amb CaP avançat, però la supervivència continua sent modesta i els pacients acaben desenvolupant resistència a la teràpia. Pel fet que la progressió mitòtica és un procés altament regulat, la nostra hipòtesi és que les proteïnes de fase M expressades de manera aberrant poden conferir a les cèl·lules CaP un avantatge per al creixement en condicions de depleció d'andrògens i, en conseqüència, representen possibles dianes terapèutiques per a la intervenció molecular de pacients amb CRPC. Encara que diversos inhibidors del cicle cel·lular no han aconseguit demostrar benefici en l'entorn clínic del CRPC, continua havent-hi un gran interès en aquest enfocament i encara hi ha desafiaments importants per a intentar tractar a aquests pacients amb teràpies dirigides que siguin eficaces. En aquest context, l'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és obtenir nous coneixements moleculars sobre la progressió del CaP, amb especial èmfasi en la participació dels reguladors mitòtics en l'adquisició de la independència a andrògens dels tumors de pròstata.
El CaP es la segunda neoplasia maligna invasiva diagnosticada con mayor frecuencia y la tasa de supervivencia a 5 años de los hombres con enfermedad metastásica cae por debajo del 30%. Los andrógenos, a través del receptor de andrógenos, son cruciales para el inicio y la progresión del CaP y, por tanto, la ADT ha sido el principal tratamiento del CaP localmente avanzado, metastásico y recurrente. Las terapias de deprivación androgénica son capaces de conseguir inicialmente una respuesta bioquímica en la mayoría de los pacientes; sin embargo, las remisiones son temporales y la enfermedad acaba progresando a un estado independiente de andrógenos, también denominado CRPC. Tras la progresión a CRPC, la supervivencia media de estos pacientes es de menos de 2 años y la enfermedad acaba siendo prácticamente intratable. Los mecanismos moleculares que causan esta transición siguen siendo en gran parte desconocidos. La creciente evidencia en los últimos años sugiere que las células de CaP insensibles a andrógenos han sido reprogramadas genéticamente para regular de forma selectiva la expresión de genes de la fase M del ciclo celular. Los taxanos, dirigidos a los microtúbulos, ya se están utilizando en la práctica clínica para pacientes con CaP avanzado, pero la supervivencia sigue siendo modesta y los pacientes acaban desarrollando resistencia a la terapia. Debido a que la progresión mitótica es un proceso altamente regulado, nuestra hipótesis es que las proteínas de fase M expresadas de manera aberrante pueden conferir a las células CaP una ventaja para el crecimiento en condiciones de depleción de andrógenos y, en consecuencia, representan posibles dianas terapéuticas para la intervención molecular de pacientes con CRPC. Aunque varios inhibidores del ciclo celular no han logrado demostrar beneficio en el entorno clínico del CRPC, sigue habiendo un gran interés en este enfoque y todavía hay desafíos importantes para intentar tratar a estos pacientes con terapias dirigidas que sean eficaces. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es obtener nuevos conocimientos moleculares sobre la progresión del CaP, con especial énfasis en la participación de los reguladores mitóticos en la adquisición de la independencia a andrógenos de los tumores de próstata.
PCa is the second most frequently diagnosed invasive malignancy and the 5-year survival rate of men with metastatic disease drops below 30%. Androgens, through the AR, are crucial for the initiation and progression of PCa and thus, ADT has been the mainstay of treatment for locally advanced, metastatic and recurring PCa. Androgen-ablation therapies can initially achieve a biochemical response in the majority of patients; however, remissions are temporary and the disease invariably progresses to an androgen-independent state, also termed CRPC. Upon progression to CRPC, the median survival for those patients is less than 2 years, and the disease is essentially untreatable. The molecular mechanisms that cause this transition remain largely unknown. Increasing evidence in recent years suggest that androgen insensitive PCa cells have undergone a genetic reprogramming to selectively upregulate the expression of M-phase cell cycle genes. Microtubule-targeting taxanes are already being used in the clinical practice for patients with advanced PCa, but survival remains modest and resistance inevitably develops. Because mitotic progression is a highly regulated process, we hypothesized that aberrantly expressed M-phase proteins may confer PCa cells an advantage to growth in androgen-depleted conditions and consequently represent potential therapeutic targets for the molecular intervention of CRPC patients. Although several small molecule inhibitors of the cell cycle have failed to demonstrate benefit in the clinical setting of CRPC, there remains a keen interest in this approach and significant challenges persist to match patients with effective targeted therapies. In this context, the main goal of this thesis is to gain novel molecular insights into the progression of PCa, with special emphasis on the involvement of mitotic regulators in the acquisition of prostate tumors androgen independence.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina
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Liang, Dawei. "Anaerobic degradation of toxic and refractory aromatics." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3865023X.

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Strickland, Ben. "Personality and the psychological refractory period phenomenon /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs917.pdf.

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Liang, Dawei, and 梁大為. "Anaerobic degradation of toxic and refractory aromatics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3865023X.

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Books on the topic "Refractory"

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Samsonov, Grigorii V. Refractory Carbides. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995.

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D, Amsterdam Jay, ed. Refractory depression. New York: Raven Press, 1991.

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Malamut, Georgia, and Nadine Cerf-Bensussan, eds. Refractory Celiac Disease. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90142-4.

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Effenberg, G., and S. Ilyenko, eds. Refractory metal systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00771-2.

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Effenberg, Günter, and Svitlana Ilyenko, eds. Refractory metal systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88053-0.

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Effenberg, G., and S. Ilyenko, eds. Refractory metal systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02700-0.

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Buckley, Peter F., and Fiona Gaughran, eds. Treatment–Refractory Schizophrenia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45257-4.

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Wang, Xuefeng, and Shichuo Li, eds. Refractory Status Epilepticus. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5125-8.

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DeSapio, Vincent. Refractory ceramic products. Washington, DC: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 1993.

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1939-, Kumashiro Yukinobu, ed. Electric refractory materials. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refractory"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Refractory." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 620. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9875.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Silica Refractories." In Refractory Technology, 85–104. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-5.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Dolomite Refractories." In Refractory Technology, 157–68. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-9.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Fireclay Refractories." In Refractory Technology, 125–34. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-7.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Classifications of Refractories." In Refractory Technology, 13–22. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-2.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Introduction to Refractory." In Refractory Technology, 1–12. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-1.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Unshaped (Monolithic) Refractories." In Refractory Technology, 223–63. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-13.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Special Refractories." In Refractory Technology, 199–221. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-12.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Trend of Refractories and Other Issues." In Refractory Technology, 265–78. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-14.

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Sarkar, Ritwik. "Standards and Testing." In Refractory Technology, 53–84. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227854-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Refractory"

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Evaldsson, Patrik A., Geoffrey W. Taylor, Timothy A. Vang, M. Mirovic, and Roger J. Malik. "Refractory contact lasers." In OE/LASE '94, edited by Pei C. Chen, Lawrence A. Johnson, and Henryk Temkin. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.176627.

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Neumann, Patrick R. C., Marcela M. M. Bilek, and David R. Mackenzie. "Optimising Ion Production in Pulsed Refractory and Non-Refractory Cathodic Arcs." In Proceedings of the 12th Asia Pacific Physics Conference (APPC12). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.1.015059.

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SANZERO, G. "Refractory composites structural materials." In 2nd International Aerospace Planes Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-5264.

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Buckman, R. William. "Carbide strengthened refractory metals." In Proceedings of the tenth symposium on space nuclear power and propulsion. AIP, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43078.

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Navarra, Sandra. "23 Refractory lupus nephritis." In 9th Annual Meeting of the Lupus Academy. Lupus Foundation of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2020-la.23.

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Bonfá, Eloisa. "24 Refractory lupus cytopenias." In 9th Annual Meeting of the Lupus Academy. Lupus Foundation of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2020-la.24.

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Pons-Estel, Bernardo. "25 Refractory musculoskeletal manifestations." In 9th Annual Meeting of the Lupus Academy. Lupus Foundation of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2020-la.25.

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Guler, Urcan, Alexandra Boltasseva, and Vladimir M. Shalaev. "Refractory plasmonics (Conference Presentation)." In Metamaterials, edited by Ekmel Özbay, Nigel P. Johnson, Allan D. Boardman, and Kevin F. MacDonald. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2228382.

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Shargay, Cathleen, Tina Tajalli, and Vincent Wong. "Understanding the Multiple Purposes of Refractory Linings in Sulfur Recovery Units." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65421.

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Within Sulfur Recovery Units (SRU), many equipment and piping items are built with internal refractory linings, but between the various process areas, the refractory is being used for completely different functions. Understanding the “purpose” of the refractory is important for both the initial selection of the optimum type of refractory, and also for repair decisions whenever refractory damage is found during turnarounds. This paper will describe each area where refractory is used, the operating and turnaround conditions, and the four unique purposes of the refractory to provide a mechanistic understanding of the function of refractory. It will also discuss the relationship between the purpose and repair philosophies for use as a general guideline.
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Leong, Keng H. "Laser welding of refractory metals." In ICALEO® 2000: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference. Laser Institute of America, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5059444.

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Reports on the topic "Refractory"

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McCloud J. Ford. ON-LINE REFRACTORY CONFIRMATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824784.

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Elam, Jeffrey W. Refractory Solar Selective Coatings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1577428.

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Shujaa, Asaad Suliman, and Qasem Almulihi. The efficacy and safety of ketamine in treating refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in pediatric and adult populations, A systemic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0011.

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Review question / Objective: This study is to assess the efficacy and safety of ketamine in treating refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in pediatric and adult populations. Rationale: Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is either generalized or complex partial status epilepticus (SE) that fails to respond to first and second-line therapies. Super refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is SE that remains unresponsive despite 24 hours of therapy with general anesthesia [1, 2]. Both RSE and SRSE pose significant challenges for the managing intensivist. There exists a race against time for control of epileptic activity in the RSE/SRSE patient to preserve cortical function and reduce morbidity/mortality. However, despite the best intentions, and not uncommonly, standard frontline antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) fail to control or reduce seizure activity once seizures approach the 30-minute mark. The following review provides an analysis of ketamine in treating RSE/SRSE, focusing on the potential target population, dosing, concerns, and the role of early administration.
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Michael D. Mann and John P. Hurley. Dynamic Testing of Gasifier Refractory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895899.

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Michael D. Mann, Devdutt Shukla, Xi Hong, and John P. Hurley. Dynamic Testing of Gasifier Refractory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895900.

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Michael D. Mann, Devdutt Shukla, and John P. Hurley. Dynamic Testing of Gasifier Refractory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895902.

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Robert E. Moore, William L. Headrick, and Alireza Rezaie. Refractory for Black Liquor Gasifiers. US: University Of Missouri, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898976.

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William L. Headrick, Musa Karakus, and Alireza Rezaie. Refractory for Black Liquor Gasifiers. US: University Of Missouri, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898977.

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Michael D. Mann, Wayne S. Seames, Devdutt Shukla, Xi Hong, and John P. Hurley. Dynamic Testing of Gasifier Refractory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881078.

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William L. Headrick Jr and Alireza Rezaie. Refractory for Black Liquor Gasifiers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885292.

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