Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réformes de santé'
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Oganesyan, Ani. "Les réformes du système de santé en France et leurs impacts." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0005/document.
Full textThe thesis provides an overview of theoretical approaches to health care systems reforming. It is aimed to solve the contradictions in the reduction and optimization of total expenditure on health and the increase in life expectancy and also the quality of life with an comprehensive analysis of main tools of reforming in health care system in France, as welle as to make the proposals using constructive French experience in reforming teh economic ans asministrative mechanisms of teh health care system in Russia
Marchand, François. "La participation publique et les réformes des institutions sociosanitaires québécoises." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36237.
Full textForti, Silvana. "Réformes, équité et droit à la santé en Amérique latine : Agendas, acteurs et alternatives au Honduras." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27336/27336.pdf.
Full textPerrin, Faouzia. "Les réformes en santé en 2004 et en 2014 : nouvelle grammaire du discours ou re-fondation du système de santé français?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH009/document.
Full textThe repeated and persistent appearance of issues related to the Health System crisis on every political agenda justifies the interest of political science in this field of research.As the 2004 reform’s bottom line was a strong affirmation that only the government can be legitimately responsible for health policy -a statement still favored by recent reforms- numerous official speeches about the last year’s reform contain a new language, using the “ territorialisation” and “gouvernance ” words.In fact, “territorialisation” as an answer to the Welfare State crisis, and “gouvernance” as an answer to the crisis in the ways of State governing, are both well-known Political Science subjects.Yet, the health crisis is not purported to be a political issue, but due to economics rather, mainly a functional and organizational one. As a consequence, matching solutions are usely thought in an economic and administrative way.Using cognitive and pragmatic approaches, our study neither aims at defining the terms of said crisis, nor justifying its presence on the political agenda. Rather, it addresses the solutions that are brought forward in the so-called ‘reform factory’ that are political speeches, as they have the power to legitimate deciding actors or their action.The first step taken in our method will consist in reporting bibliographic references for a political and historical deconstruction of the French health system, as well as analyzing the ‘health’ concept, in order to describe the cognitive framework of health policy. Special attention vill be paid to decentralization et public health.Then, these categories should prove to be helpful to study the current trends in the 2004 and 2014 periods of health reform in a discursive analysis, as we intend to do.To further investigate health reform manufacturing, we will focus on the new themes observed in these speeches : « gouvernance » et health democracy.Our thesis is that, through the language at play among these actors, there is a semantic fight loaded with power challenges to the State role in health Policy and therefore in the place ought to be given to the various actors in health public Policy. Finally, throw reforms, a new public for democracy came forward and new issues, that are principles and goals of health policy, appeared
Fournier, Cédric. "L'évolution politico-économique du Mexique et les projets de réformes de la protection sociale." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P025.
Full textSaïdou, Hamadou. "Pauvreté, paludisme et réformes des systèmes de santé en Afrique : trois études appliquées au Cameroun." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED003/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with poverty, malaria and health system reforms in Africa. It is motivated by persistently high levels of social inequality, prevalence and mortality related to malaria in sub-Saharan Africa in a context characterized by widespread use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and the implementation of innovative reforms in health system. We focused on three cases studies applied to Cameroon. Since 2012, the country has been experimenting the Performance Based Financing (PBF) approach in its health system. We used data from the PBF impact assessment surveys conducted in this country in 2012 and 2015.Our results show first that the households’ low level of standard of living predisposes its members under 5 to malaria. Secondly, we find that the malaria shocks, very frequent for children under 5 years, affect negatively the mothers. Thirdly labor supply. We find that the reforms introduced by PBF have a significant and positive impact on the therapeutic use in case of malaria of children under 5 in Cameroon, especially among the poor children and in rural areas.The results obtained could guide endemic sub-Saharan countries in the implementation of the new roadmap for the achievement of sustainable development goals, formulate consistent policies against malaria and against poverty
Molmy, Gérard. "L'évolution des pratiques des professionnels de santé face aux réformes hospitalières : impact en GRH et outils de pilotage?" Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0045.
Full textPublic hospitals highlights of their autonomy, have to develop their strategies in the framework of contracts signed with the regional agency for hospitalization. Management practices must be based on more forms of management founded on the pattern of competence and in the context of the new reform law on hospital organization. This is our interpretation of exceeding the limits of financial practices, to oppose organizational obstacles, to develop a dynamic and cooperative modes and transverse
Alzate, Adriana María. "Saleté et ordre : réformes sanitaires et société dans la vice-royauté espagnole de la Nouvelle-Grenade : 1760-1810." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010594.
Full textBen, Salem Leila Samah. "Systeme et politique de santé au Sénégal et dans certains étáts d'Afrique subsaharienne : Texte imprimé : Difficultés et échecs des réformes." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0024.
Full textBahafa, Sanaa. "Impact de l'évolution des réformes hospitalières, des principes tutélaires et des outils de régulation sur le management des établissements de santé." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084063.
Full textIn 2013, to manage an health institution is not "a sinecure ". The freedom of making a decision by the managers is limited by the laws, the decrees and the orders imposed and multiple. The new hospitable reform " law of July 21st, 2009 : Hospital Patient Health Territory ", the principles of supervisory agencies and the regulation tools have impacted the organization of health institutions, as : the introduction of the new mutations in the management field, the techniques and the medical practices as well as the expectations and needs of the users. In front of these new requirements, the director has a real autonomy and flexibility within the framework of managing his institution? In this context, the director of the health institution has an essential role : on one hand, he is the addressee of the reforms, which so modified his intervention perimeter and which involved a reflection on its positioning within the institution. On the other hand, he is " the spokesman" and the catalyst to accompany the implementation of these tutelary and regulatory requirements. The implementation of the new processes of hospitable restructuring requires, certainly, a conduct of change. However, the difficulty to setting it up consists, not in a bad application of texts, but rather in the difficulty to adhere and imply the actors. It is from these reports that our study suggests deepening the impact of reforms, of the principles of supervisory agencies and the regulation tools on the managerial practices of a director of institution and so defining what is the strategy to be adopted. Our analysis consists, on one side, in deepening the sanitary organization of health institutions and on the other side, to realize an inventory of fixtures to approach under a pragmatic angle our theoretical study. At the end of the analysis, some tracks of improvement are proposed
Gay, Renaud. "L'Etat hospitalier : réformes hospitalières et formation d'une administration spécialisée en France : (années 1960 - années 2000)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH014.
Full textThe « neoliberal statization » of French hospital system is a well-established paradox that our research reexamines through two ways. The first one is historical. It consists in studying managerial reformism which emerged in the 1960s, whereas most investigations are focused on policies implemented after the 1980s. The second one is organizational. The statization is to be understood less as proliferation of norms and procedures in hospitals than as the formation and the stabilization of public specialized organizations. At the intersection of the policy analysis and the sociology of administration, this study focuses on how hospital reforms can contribute to the definition, the consolidation and the recognition of a political-administrative center in a sociohistorical perspective. Our main hypothesis is that hospital reforms crystallize three interconnected processes which underpin the institutionnalization of a specialized administrative organization called the Hospital State. Firstly, reforms support the redistribution and concentration of administrative prerogatives on hospitals within one single organization (process of monopolization). Secondly, they help increase the capacities of this organization that in turn strengthen its autonomy from other agents (process of autonomization). Thirdly, they generate and rely on specialized knowledge that justifies state interventions (process of legitimation). Our historical observation of reform activities leads to outline three temporal sequences. These reveal an uneven continuity of these processes and their unequal articulation depending on historical periods. If reforms contribute to forging a relative autonomous Hospital State, its organizational boundaries and its principles of legitimation are far from being stabilized. Our investigation is based on various materials : records from administrative and private organizations ; interviews with minister’s advisers, senior civil servants and experts of the Ministry of Health ; grey literature (administrative and expert reports, ministerial publications) ; national newspapers and professional journals ; parliamentary debates ; biographies of supervisory staff members at the Ministry of Health
Serre, Marina. "Le "tournant néo-libéral" de la santé ? : les réformes de la protection maladie en France dans les années 1990 ou l'acclimatation d'un référentiel de marché." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010345.
Full textNkwenkeu, Sylvain F. "Evaluation des politiques publiques de santé : une analyse économique appliquée au Cameroun." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENE006/document.
Full textIn Cameroon, the sequence of reforms in the health sector has reinforced an ideological wavering between two opposing currents: a socio-universal that promotes equity, and a neoliberal, which militates for greater economic efficiency of existing systems. Articulating two concerns which are, the worsening of health inequalities as consequence of policy choices made on the efficacy of services without taking into account factors that support the demand, and the form of organization of the health system arising from an imperfect translation of major international principles, this thesis aims to contributing to a critical reflection on the process, the implementation and the results produced by these health policies. To determine Cameroonian specificity, we inscribe them in a triple theoretical field. The neo-institutionalist approach, mobilize to grasp the importance of the economic history and its influence on the evolution of the health system, which allows understanding the conditions for policy change. The “referentials” approach to policy analysis in order to apprehend the foundations of the new public policy, including the understanding of how interests and ideas are formatted by institutions. An effort to illuminate the policy game is undertaken to appraise the mediation of political entrepreneurs, thereby testing empirically the “top-down hypothesis”. Finally, the theories of justice help to argue for the existence of an imbalance between health supply and demand which undermines health outcomes, and reinforces the conflict efficacy versus equity. Indeed, our work aims to provide some answers to three main questions: (i) Why (triggers) and how (dynamic) health public policies are influenced in their construction and implementation by economic policies? (ii) What are the outcomes of induced changes by the global referential (macroeconomic framework) on sectoral referential that requires a more equitable distribution and access to health services? (iii) What lessons can we learn from the knowledge of the interrelationships between the dynamics of poverty reduction and the persistence of inaccessibility to health care in order to improve the evaluation of public policies? From a number of quantitative and qualitative indicators, the robustness of the new policy is questioned following prospects regarding health distribution and accessibility. Therefore, we emphasize the difficulty of the public policy to achieve satisfactory results both in terms of efficacy or equity due to the institutional and organizational system in which it is designed and implemented. Three epistemic communities acting on a nonstructural basis are identified and analyzed through a robust qualitative material that enables us to grasp the existence of a paradigmatic conflict emerged from how different groups are positioning themselves and interpret reality in order to put in coherence the sectorial referential and the global market-based one which appears to be rather spontaneous and mandatory. Statistical and econometric works to measure more precisely the inequalities and determinants of access and use of health services by the population supports the idea of a widening of inequalities by the health policies maintained by strong regressive mechanisms. The analysis of the determinants of occurrence of catastrophic health expenditures also confirms this. We mobilize thereafter an additional material to assess the allocative efficiency and efficacy of public spending on health as well as their impact on the use of services and benefits revealed from their use
Facal, Joseph. "Etude de deux réformes dans le champ de la santé au Québec et aux Etats-Unis à l'aide du modèle de H. Jamous : contribution à une sociologie des décisions politiques." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040202.
Full textThis thesis is a study of two reforms in the health care field in Québec (Castonguay reform, 1970-1973) and the U. S. (Medicare, 1965) based on the decision-making model of H. Jamous (1969). We try to identify the social forces, their interactions and the other main factors that account for the outcome in each case, while also appraising the relevancy of the model. On a theoretical level, we conclude to the impossibility of a general theory of political decision-making and plead for less ambitious theoretical models and a heavier emphasis on empirical research
Lepont, Ulrike. "Façonner les politiques aux marges de l'Etat : le rôle des experts dans les réformes de la protection maladie aux Etats-Unis (1970-2010)." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10066.
Full textThe number of think tanks, policy institutes, and other centers of public expertise attached to universities or foundations in the United States has continuously grown since the 1970s. Focusing on the field of health insurance policy, this dissertation shows the development of an institutional web of experts specialized in a policy sector who, over the decades, accumulated competencies, knowledge, and influence that played a key role in the elaboration of programs and instruments of reform in this sector. By joining a micro-sociological analysis of these actors and their environment with a macro-sociological consideration of their position in the American political system, we show that an area of expertise has been established outside of the state, which nevertheless controls the production and diffusion of available knowledge used in the elaboration of policy. The examination of this expert space, its influence, and its configuration help us to understand the evolution of the reform programs that led to “Obamacare”, whose contents were ultimately very distant from the universal public insurance system long envisaged by Democrats. The rise of a public policy infrastructure outside of normal administrative parameters – what we term “para-administration” – also explains the federal government’s ability to act in 2010 and the adoption of the Affordable Care Act. This dissertation thus encourages a rethinking of the American state, which takes into account actors situated on the periphery of the bureaucratic system. It demonstrates that being outside the state does not guarantee that non-governmental expert structures can remain independent of the political constraints imposed by policymakers and state institutions
Paubel, Pascal. "Achats des produits du domaine pharmaceutique dans les établissements publics de santé : bilan au 30 novembre 2008 des réformes du code des marchés publics : de la tarification à l'activité et de la rétrocession." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL20002.
Full textFrench public hospitals use for all purchases (works, supplies, services) the rules of public contracts. These procedures were modified in 2001, 2004 and 2006, with consequences for practices of hospitals buyers. This work presents fundamentals principles of procedures for public contracts and the organization of purchases in french public hospitals. The consequences of all procedures described by the directory of 1th August 2006 are analysed for supply of medicines and medical devices. This work presents also different modes of financing for medicines and medical devices after the reform of payments by results and the reform for distribution of medicines to ambulatory patients. Analysis of consequences of these reforms for purchase of medicines is suggested at November 2008
Lamti, Alma. "Conditions de travail, qualité de vie et santé psychologique chez les enseignants des collèges dans le Grand Tunis." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0934/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the determinants and effects of psychosocial factors on the health of secondary school teachers in the Tunis region. It involves identifying environmental, organizational and relational factors in working life which contribute to stress among teachers. Our research focuses on aspects related to the organizational climate, perceived quality of work situations, professional values and on how they contribute to work-related stress and affect the quality of life in the workplace.The results point to a predominantly rules-based organizational climate in secondary schools, reflecting a method of operation based on compliance with clear rules and standards. In addition to these results, we have analyzed sources of work-related stress among teachers and identified work situations that are likely to generate stress. The analyses indicate that high workloads associated with a low sense of control are sources of tension. The lack of social support increases work-related tension and causes burn-out.Multiple correspondence and ascending hierarchical analysis have helped to establish various teacher profiles. Similarly, a qualitative survey of 34 teachers resulted in a better understanding of the quantitative data that were corroborated
Hosseinzadeh, Sereshki Shaghayegh. "Droit à la protection de la santé et Constitution : étude comparée en droit français et en droit américain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP5212.
Full textThe right to protection of health is essential for the well-being of all. It implies guaranteeing everyone equal access to the health care necessary to their health, without discrimination. There is an inherent link between the constitution of a nation and the protection of the health of individuals within that nation. An individual with poor health will not be able to fully enjoy his life and develop his or her full potential. In the French constitution, the right to health is proclaimed unlike the American Constitution which does not recognize this right expressly. The author attempts to demonstrate that federal and state legislators, as well as the Supreme Court, take into account the existence of a right to health protection in the United States. Moreover, French constitutional law on health protection has evolved slowly over time. The protection of health was a long-standing concern of the first constituents and is, for the first time recognized as such by the Constitution of the Second Republic. With respect to the constitutional system of the United States of America, the Federal Constitution of 1887 does not recognize a right to protection of health. This recognition could have taken place in 1944 with Franklin Roosevelt's proposal for a Second Bill of rights recognized social and economic rights such as the right to have access to medical care. Franklin Roosevelt died before he was able to amend the constitution. Even though health care is not a constitutional right, it has been protected by the Supreme Court for the benefit of prisoners and women when they decide to resort to abortion. However, at the State level, some States recognize a right to health. This recognition is explained by the different political cultures of each State. The aim of this comparative study is to demonstrate that the right to protection of health is a fundamental right, intimately linked to the development and happiness of each individual, as well as to the collective well-being of humanity. It also recognizes that constitutional protection of this right is necessary and of the utmost importance for it to be effectively applied
Ammar, Walid. "Système de santé et réforme au Liban." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28837.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the situation of nurses in Lebanon based on a long experience in this field in this country. We decide to seek the causes of this occultation and list the encountered problem. We have started in 1996 study that has shown that nurses in Lebanon belong to a young, single female population with a very short professional carrier averaging 5 years. Nurses live badly due work conditions described, as stressful and hard. The load is both physical and mental. The burn out syndrome affects the majority, of this group. Adding to their lifestyle, the lack of esteem to their not well defined profession. This social group was unable to find structures that will help him to be organized. The study helps us to identify the problems that impeach this group from having its well-defined identity. We were able to formulate four major causes : - The immaturity of the young nurses. - The lack of the elaboration of their specific science. - The lack of structure. Suggestions, that can help this social group to find it self and acquire a real identity, the structures that well help this group to be organized. The reorientation of teaching programs towards specific knowledge, consequently, towards an essential role able to health needs of the human being
Osman, Noha. "La transplantation des outils de gestion d'un contexte social, culturel à un autre : Le cas de la démarche qualité dans les hôpitaux publics égyptiens." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859644.
Full textMicheneau, Carole. "La réforme du système de santé : évolution et conséquences pour l'industrie pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P098.
Full textMounassib, Riyad. "La réforme du secteur de la santé au Maroc." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0888.
Full textThe health sector in Morocco has a dual expression: on the one hand, the interpretation of health indicators shows a notable improvement in the extension of social security coverage as well as the decreasing of infant and juvenile mortality. On the other hand, there is a persisting social and regional disparity, and health care inadequacies are numerous Taking up such challenges means getting involved in a process towards a comprehensive reform, and ignoring those issues would but delay and complicate the task. It is a fact that words and good intentions must now lead to acting, and that will not be successfully performed without research work focused on the study of the current reform machinery and the search for opportunities and measures capable of achieving the sector efficiency
Fauquert, Élisabeth. "L'entrepreneuriat politique des présidents des Etats-Unis sur les réformes de l'assurance maladie : une histoire politique du Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2094.
Full textThis dissertation which falls within the intellectual tradition of American Political Development explores the dialectical links between the entrepreneurship of US presidents on health care reform, the development of the American health care system and its latest product, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), which was signed into law in 2010. This work analyses the mutual forces of influence at work between a deeply constrained executive in this particular field of public policy and a health care system whose foundations and contours are in constant mutation. Given its controversial nature, its complexity and its weight in the US economy, health care reform directly affects the dynamics of public governance. Health care reform must therefore be considered as a laboratory and an accelerator of innovations for the presidency, in a political system in which its sphere of action is limited, as much by checks and balances as by the influence of other entrepreneurs who enjoy equivalent if not greater legitimacy than the executive branch to take action on the thorny issue of health care. The passage of the PPACA, the fact that it was signed into law by a democratic president after a century of failed attempts at ambitious reform as well as its arduous implementation, are a picture perfect case study on the evolutions of the presidential institution and on the routinization of heterodox presidential entrepreneurship
Touam, Sami. "Le système de santé tunisien et la réforme de l'assurance-maladie." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10065.
Full textFor the last two decades, Tunisia has been going through a period of general economic adjustments with the market playing an increasingly key role and economic liberalism becoming more vocal. Against this novel macroeconomic context marked with both demographic and epidemiological transitions, the state has to reconsider its role and the ways it intervenes in the various sectors, including the health. The series of accounting reforms initiated in the 90's to counter the rise of health spendings notice d over the last few years, was badly convincing on both macro scale (5. 6% of the GDP in 2000 against 5. 3% in 1990) and micro scale since family contributions have been steadily growing to reach 49%. Reforms of the health system implemented over the last few years in aIl countries alike regardless of their respective organizations (beveridgian, bismarkien, or liberal. . . ) tackled, are still tackling and will be tackling the issue of financing the health system and the universalization of the heaIth coverage. Decentralization along with competition have been two key ideas that have underpined public health reforms over the last period. Could we benefit from foreign experiences as far as reform is concerne ? Could they serve as a model to follow when reforming our own system? This thesis will address these self-questions with the aim of setting up a model that takes into account the current economic, social, cultural and political contexts
Le, Faou Anne-Laurence. "Peut-on réformer les systèmes de santé tout en conciliant les intérêts macro et micro-économiques ?" Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020025.
Full textThe conciliation of macro- and micro-economic interests in healthcare system reforms has conducted to study the social and financial situation of the health sector in france, germany, united-kingdom, united states and canada. These descriptions have pointed out the role of general practitioners and specialists in each system. The medical career in france was examined according to the game theory (von neumann and morgenstern) in order to discuss the medical curriculum efficacy on the running of hospitals and the primary care system. The healthcare expenditure policy has allowed to describe the methods and tools which are used to control the care supply and the demand of the population. Two reform tendancies were identified : the social coverage and the healthcare coverage reforms. The consequences of these measures concern the rationing of heath care and the setting up of dominant oligopoly. The experiences of rationalisation and incentive measures concerning hospitals, the primary care system, medication were discussed. The methods and tools used in the countries with a market economy are mainly macro-economic financial incentives. In order to reduce their consequences, incentives concerning quality of care are developed : hospital accreditation, clinical guide-lines. The organisation of medical specialties in hospitals was studied, using the theories of negociation and incitation. This study concerning five countries has demonstrated a convergent policy in rationalising the healthcare sector, taking into consideration the financial constraint, the history of the social system and the role of the medical doctor. The example of the reforms set up in an european eastern country dealing with the market economy confirms this tendancy
Decostanzi, Arthur. "Le service public de santé de proximité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0495.
Full textThe realization of this right is guaranteed by the intervention of public authorities, which must act in the organization of the provision of care, as well as by the existence of social security mechanisms that allow access to healthcare that is not limited by social or geographical factors. The French system is today subject to strong tensions and uncertainties: growing inequalities in access to healthcare, compartmentalization in the organization of the health system, or the ageing of the population and the development of chronic diseases. The health system must evolve around a local public health service that is the only one able to satisfy the general interest of health protection. This objective requires a better structuration and coordination of healthcare activities between the different providers serving users in order to satisfy the requirement of equal access to quality care, transversal cooperation tools are designed to break with existing silos. The implementation of such a public service requires a clear and rational management capable of take into account territorial disparities. The emergence of regional health agencies in a territorialization phenomenon must be accentuated to meet the challenges of proximity. The regulatory means implemented still have to be renewed to respond to the challenge of health protection, the capacity of self-organisation left to the initiative of liberal professionals must be transformed into collaboration with all health providers, health administrations, health insurance, local authorities and users. All these measures permit the satisfaction of the essential trilogy of public services: equality, continuity, mutability
Imorou, Abou-Bakari. "Cliniciens versus santé publique : une analyse socio-anthropologique de la mise en œuvre d'une réforme sanitaire au Bénin." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0245.
Full textThe thesis in hand entitled through the link between clinic workers and those who are working out of clinics. The analysis has been carried out throughout the 1995 sanitary implementation concerning the national sanitary system organization. The reorganization is noticeable through the setting up of sanitary zones, new operational units, taking into account better health care, whether they curative, preventive or promotional. The three case of studies based on the implementation of sanitary zones allude difficulties related to independent and functional sanitary zones organization. Then, rise at different level of sanitary questions related to the personnel qualification, the management of financial establishment and other health centers, medicine selling, private cabinets, reference and non reference organization between different structures. The implementation of this reform focuses more and more on the public health emergency and its importance. People then prefer public health care than private clinics. This situation has impacts on the real way sanitary zones function. Patricians in health care centers and hospitals do not always accept health professional "injunctions" and the non functionality of sanitary zones are partly due to the conflict between coordinating physicians (public health) and zone hospitals leaders (clinicians). Though there is no mutual interaction between clinic owners concerned about their clinics survival and public health administration managers, they still remain the two main actors of the implementation of this reform in Benin
Bezin, Myriam. "Dommages causés par des produits de santé : réformer les mécanismes de prévention, de responsabilité et d’indemnisation." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10029.
Full textProliferation of sanitary scandals, the new notion of whistleblowers, the increasing number of declared victim and collective distruss towards laboratories have a crucial impact. Indeed, experts had to face significant deficiencies in the health products legal system. So far, defective products liability regime was seen as adapted, however current events have proven its boundaries. Besides the complexity for victims to proove laboratories responsability, their compensation is long, insufficient and far from being systematic. Other problems exist, conflicts of interest between laboratories and judicial experts are one of them. Also, there is a lack of credit given to whistleblowers as well as low awareness of class action. So, because of these specific problems, colossal issues emerged: the powerful medicine(s) industry as an/the actor and human life as an / the purpose. As our present liability system have shown us its limits and flaws, it is necessary to imagin a system, specific to health products, to complete the current liability rules to avoid new sanitary scandals. Terefore this thesis offers the creation of a new specific liability system, based on risks prevention and actors repression. It is essential to put again the victim at the center of this issue, to give a better indemnity, to develop precaution principle regarding health law and to give remarkable penalty
Karakas, Tahir. "Nietzsche et William James : réformer la philosophie." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML003.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to open a dialogue between two philosophical thoughts, which, at first glance, seem to be fundamentally different in many respects: on the one hand, the earlier period of pragmatist movement mainly represented by William James; and on the other,an atypical philosopher who has the distinction of turning away from all the previous philosophical tradition, Friedrich Nietzsche. The central questions of these two philosophers and their way of practicing philosophy represent two philosophical worlds radically different. However, several philosophers and authors have already drawn some interesting analogies between Nietzsche and James without debating the issue in depth. What could say our two “psychologists” philosophers, Nietzsche and James about philosophy itself? Their words might they intersect somewhere in a philosophical universe older than two millennia? These two philosophers, one the inventor of the term "good European" and the other, considered as the American philosopher par excellence and also the most European of American philosophers; do they have a few words to share? What can there be in common between these two philosophers, except to be considered by Mussolini as his philosophical masters alongside Sorel?And finally, to what extent one can speak of a Nietzscheanpragmatism? These are some of the questions that we address in this thesis in order to initiate the debate between Nietzsche and James
Sopadzhiyan, Alis. "La transformation du système de santé bulgare : la profession médicale comme acteur du changement." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G044.
Full textThis research deals with the transformation of the Bulgarian health care system after the introduction of a health insurance system at the end of the 1990's. We investigate the crisis the system is going through and the processes that underlie it with the help of the research tools offered by the public policy analysis and the sociology of the professions. Our main argument is that, in order to better understand their stake and show their complexity, it is necessary to consider the role played by the medical profession in the genesis of this change. The analysis of both the supranational and national factors of change and the role of the professional actor in the genesis of the health care reform highlights its content, temporality and trajectory. It demonstrates that the action of a small medical elite that largely orchestrated the reform is allso a source of ambiguities. This puts into question the legitimacy of the actors created by the reform and conditions its implementation. The processes of de-legitimization and re-composition inside and outside the medical profession undermine its capacity for collective action and limit the redefinition of the interaction frameworks. But, behind their highly conflicting nature, these dynamics announce the acceptance of the new institutional rules. Moreover, the new actors of the health care system use the tools introduced by the reform to reinforce their re-legitimization strategies by transforming them into ressources for their action. Again, the medical profession is a key player in these dynamics because, despite its low internal cohesion, it manages to federate the emerging elites able to carry the next steps of change
Pierru, Frédéric. "Genèse et usages d'un problème public : la "crise" du "système de santé" français, 1980-2004." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0055.
Full textGuedi, Yabe Mohamed. "La marchéisation du système de santé à Djibouti : impacts économiques et sociaux." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0318/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the economic and social impacts of the marketization health car system in Djibouti. Since the late 1970s, all developed countries and developing, although with health systems based on the principles and different institutional arrangements (forms of financing, degrees of decentralization, availability of resources, etc...), are faced with the same problem : finance in a period of slower growth, a highly inflationary health sector. Therefore, the majority of countries have implemented reforms to their health care system. Developed countries mainly proposed ad hoc measures, often dictated by the need to balance health accounts. However, the measures proposed by developing countries are moving towards reforms. Under pressure from international financial organizations in particular, developing countries will change their health system to a disengagement of the State. The results of this thesis clearly show that in Djibouti, even if the transfer of ownership which corresponds strictly to privatization is rare in the health sector, public ownership of health care facilities shall not relieve the people of the care expenses. The downward trend of state subsidies, for public institutions of care and greater financial autonomy granted to them often leads to intervene in the market as a business selling services products. This makes the mostly requested health services unaffordable for the majority of the people. The expected benefit of the marketization of the health system, is however, affected by Djibouti the low contributory capacity of households
Zhang, Peng. "Analyse organisationnelle de la collaboration décideurs/chercheurs en soutien à la réforme du système de santé dans la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25621/25621.pdf.
Full textGuedi, yabe Mohamed. "La marchéisation du système de santé à Djibouti : impacts économiques et sociaux." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842675.
Full textLallouche, Samira. "Le système hospitalier algérien : une évolution nécessaire." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0018.
Full textTo describe a hospital system, it is to evoke the actors of this system and the relationships that exist between them. The Algerian hospital system consists mainly of the following elements; the public authorities (the state and the social security organizations), the establishments of health and population (the diseased).The existing relationships between the different hospital actors are the relationships between the state and public establishments of health and the relationships between the latter and the diseased.The hospital institution encounters a multitude of difficulty to meet the request of users regarding the health care delivery. The rigid relation, which exists between the state and the establishment of public health, has engendered constraints in different domains (organization, financing and management) which led to a dysfunction of the public health establishment. Before these constraints, it is urgent to undertake the necessary reforms.The contractualization is an effective procedure of changes support; it is a part of means to achieve the objectives of the hospital reform. Moreover, the improvement procedures of quality are strongly incited by the accreditation perspective. Furthermore, when we hope to realize the evaluation of actions in order to carry out the reforms, we are confronted by the information issue
Dokoui, Saturnin. "Systèmes de Santé dans la Caraïbe : Une étude des déterminants de la consommation médicale dans les petites économies insulaires de la Martinique et de la Guadeloupe." Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AGUY0588.
Full textAit, Ouchannik Sadia. "Les mutations contemporaines de l'organisation des soins en santé mentale : répercussions sur les pratiques de soins psychiques et sur la subjectivité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0007.
Full textMultiple reforms aiming at modernizing the public utilities and controling in a better way their spending have gradually transformed the running and organization of public health institutions in our country. A complete overhaul according to the terms of the new hospital governance accompanied with the introduction of management tools stemmed from New Public Management has been carried out. This work is about the transformations of care organization in health care facilities. The study of the proceduralization of care practices allowed to bring to the fore the role of Evidence-Based Medicine in the enterprise of standardization in care systems. Effects of these management logics on the different registers of the intersubjective bond have been grasped, bringing out the forms they spread in group dynamics and teams instituted, with in the background the transformations of sociocultural meta-framework. A particular care has been attached to health managers'view considering the specificity of their task which set them at the crossroads of clinical, managerial and administrative dimensions. The analysis of clinical situations allowed to bring out the sight of the medicalization of psychological suffering and the extension of the concept of "psychic handicap". Transformations in the notion of psychic care have been confronted with mental health paradigm ; Michel Foucault's work has enable to show that mental health policy system are part of a mode of neoliberal governmental rationality framework
Petitfour, Laurène. "Potential for improvement of efficiency in health systems : three empirical studies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD012/document.
Full textIn the perspective of the third Sustainable Development Goal ("Good Health and Well-being"), it is necessary to increase financial resources for health in low income countries, but also to ensure that those resources are optimally allocated. To this purpose, efficiency measures appear as a useful tool to assess the performance of healh systems at the macroeconomic level, or of health facilities as the microeconomic level to get "more health for the money" (WHO,2010). Through its four chapters, this thesis provides some empirical evidence to the assessment of the efficiency of health system.The first chapter is a methodological review of nonparametric efficiency measures, used in the three empirical studies that follow. The second chapter assesses the efficiency of a sample of 120 low and middle income countries over the 1997/2014 period. Production function is defined as health expenditures producing health outcomes (maternal and juvenile survival). It concludes that, for the same health outcomes, countries could spend more than 20\% for the same health outcomes, and that inefficiency increases with the level of development of coutries. The last two chapters are case studies. The third one focuses on Township Health Centers in Weifang, Shandong province, China, relying on survey data. It highlights the potential for performance improvement and the role of demand side determinants and of the share of subsidies in incomes to explain efficiency scores. The fourth chapter deals with the efficiency of primary healthcare facilities in Ulan-Bator, Mongolia. It concludes that efficiency could be spurred by about 30\%. Demand side factors are positively associated to efficiency, but low levels of staff remuneration, as well as a suboptimal balance between medical and non-medical staff seem to hinder activity and efficiency of health facilities
Hodonou, Germain. "Financement et décentralisation des systèmes de santé : quelles leçons peut-on tirer des expériences étrangères pour le cas français ?" Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131008.
Full textThe world progresses. The health systems of OCDE make some reforms in order to satisfy efficaciously the needs of health of their populations. Fifteen systems are studied. The contries are classified in three systems: the national health system, the liberal health system and the insurance sickness system. Spain and Denmark belong to first group. The United states and Switzerland are in the second group. France and Germany are in the insurance sickness system. The national health system is essentially a state-sponsored mechanism. As for the insurance sickness system, it is financed above all with compulsory contributions from salaries. Nevertheless, this system is more and more financed from taxes. The national health plan and policies present the characteristics of health system. The decentralization marks a part of health systems: Denmark, Spain contrary to France. The priciples of new public management are the main examples forthe reforms. Their target is the cost containment in equity an for quality of cares. The decentralization of the health system, competition, denationalization, making subject to tax are the principal ways to improve the systems. The results of reforms are positive in Denmark and Spain for example. That is why, we propose the decentralization health system in France with competition between the regions. This competition will look after by public powers; otherwise, about hospital reforms, we evoke the contributions of the Economy of conventions to their financing and organization
Pierre-Jean, Pierre. "Modernisation de l'assurance maladie et développement des ressources humaines." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS017S.
Full textManagement Social Security in mind and practice with respect of these traditional goals: protect the population against disease and promote self management of this organization, effective today despite modernity
Musango, Laurent. "Organisation et mise en place des mutuelles de santé: défi au développement de l'assurance maladie au Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211064.
Full textLe Rwanda a connu de nombreuses difficultés au cours des deux dernières décennies :la situation économique précaire, les guerres civiles, le régime politique défaillant, l’instabilité de la sous-région des Grands Lacs, la pandémie du VIH/SIDA ;tous ces bouleversements ont plongé le pays dans l’extrême pauvreté. Au lendemain de la guerre et du génocide, le ministère de la Santé avec l’appui de différents partenaires a canalisé tous ses efforts dans la reconstruction du système de santé. Une meilleure participation communautaire à la gestion et au financement des services de santé était un des objectifs retenus dans cette reconstruction du système de santé. Pour ce faire, le ministère de la Santé, en partenariat avec le PHR (Partnership for health reform) a mis en place des mutuelles de santé « pilote » dans trois districts sanitaires (Byumba, Kabgayi et Kabutare) sur les 39 districts que compte le pays. L’objectif du ministère de la Santé était de généraliser ce système d’assurance maladie après une évaluation de ce projet pilote. Cette initiative de mise en place des mutuelles s’est heurtée au début de sa mise en œuvre à différents problèmes :le faible taux d’adhésion, les problèmes de gestion de la mutuelle, une faible implication des autorités de base dans la sensibilisation, une mauvaise qualité de soins dans certaines formations sanitaires, une utilisation abusive des services par les mutualistes, etc. Malgré ces problèmes d’autres initiatives de mise en place de mutuelles de santé ont vu le jour et continuent de s’implanter ici et là dans les districts sanitaires du pays. Dans le souci de renforcer cette réforme de financement alternatif par les mutuelles de santé, nous avons évalué l’impact des mutuelles sur l’accessibilité aux soins et le renforcement de la participation communautaire aux services de santé et nous avons proposé des voies stratégiques susceptibles d’améliorer le fonctionnement des mutuelles de santé.
Méthodologie
Pour atteindre ces objectifs de recherche, nous avons combiné trois approches différentes :la recherche qualitative qui a permis d’une part, d’analyser le processus de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda et d’autre part, de recueillir les opinions des bénéficiaires de services de santé sur ce processus. Ensuite la recherche quantitative nous a permis d’étudier les caractéristiques des membres et non-membres des mutuelles et l’utilisation des services de santé ;enfin la recherche action nous a permis d’expérimenter les axes stratégiques susceptibles de renforcer le développement des mutuelles de santé.
Cette approche méthodologique utilisée tout au long de notre travail de terrain a mené à une « triangulation méthodologique » qui est une combinaison de diverses méthodes de recherche. Dans chacune des méthodes citées, nous avons utilisé une ou plusieurs techniques :analyse de documents, observations et rencontres avec des individus ou des groupes, analyse et compilation des données de routine.
Résultats
Les résultats clés sont synthétisés selon les trois types de recherche que nous avons menés.
1. Processus de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda et opinions des bénéficiaires
Dans les trois districts pilotes (Byumba, Kabgayi et Kabutare), les mutuelles de santé prennent en charge le paquet minimum d’activités complet offert au niveau des centres de santé. À l’hôpital de district elles couvrent :la consultation chez un médecin, l’hospitalisation, les accouchements dystociques, les césariennes et la prise en charge du paludisme grave. Pour bénéficier de ces soins une cotisation de 7,9 $ EU ($ des États-Unis) par an pour une famille de sept personnes est demandée, puis 1,5 $ EU par membre additionnel et 5,7 $ EU pour un célibataire. Le ticket modérateur est de 0,3 $ EU pour chaque épisode de maladie et la période d’attente d’un mois avant de bénéficier des avantages du système de mutualisation.
Des entretiens en groupes de concertation (focus groups) nous ont permis de confirmer que la population connaît l’intérêt des mutuelles de santé et qu’elle éprouve des difficultés pour réunir les fonds de cotisations pour adhérer aux mutuelles.
L’analyse critique du processus de mise en place des mutuelles dans les trois districts pilotes nous a permis de conclure que les autorités locales et les leaders d’opinions étaient peu impliqués dans le processus de mise en place des mutuelles et que la sensibilisation était insuffisante. L’appui au processus de mise en place par le PHR a été jugé insuffisant en termes de temps (18 mois) et de formation de cadres locaux qui devraient assurer la poursuite de ce projet. Les défaillances évoquées ont alerté le ministère de la Santé, qui a mis en place un comité de mise en place et de suivi des mutuelles de santé. Depuis ce temps, on observe une émergence des initiatives mutualistes. Le pays compte actuellement 21 % de la population totale qui possède une certaine couverture (partielle ou totale) d’assurance maladie.
2. Caractéristiques des membres et non-membres des mutuelles de santé et utilisation des services de santé par la communauté
Il a été constaté que la répartition selon le sexe, l’état civil et le statut professionnel des membres et non-membres de la mutuelle les caractéristiques ne diffèrent pas significativement entre les adhérents et les non-adhérents à la mutuelle de santé (p > 0,05). Parmi les membres, les proportions des ménages avec revenus élevés sont supérieures à celles observées chez les non-membres (p < 0,001). Quant à la « sélection adverse » que nous avons recherchée dans les deux groupes (membres et non-membres de la mutuelle), nous avons constaté que l’état de morbidité des membres de la mutuelle ne diffère pas de celui des non-membres (p > 0,05). Les personnes qui adhèrent à la mutuelle de santé s’y fidélisent au fil des années (> 80 %) et fréquentent plus les services de santé par rapport aux non-membres (4 à 8 fois plus pour la consultation curative et 1,2 à 4 fois plus pour les accouchements). Les non-membres ont tendance à fréquenter les tradipraticiens et à faire l’automédication. Bien que les mutualistes utilisent plus les services de santé que les non-mutualistes, ils dépensent moins pour les soins.
3. Axes stratégiques développés pour renforcer les mutuelles de santé
Pour mettre en place les stratégies de renforcement des mutuelles de santé, cinq types d’actions dans lesquelles nous avons joué un rôle participatif ont été menés.
D’abord la stratégie initiée pour faire face à l’exclusion sociale :il s’agit de l’entraide communautaire développée dans la commune de Maraba, district sanitaire de Kabutare. Ce système d’entraide, nommée localement ubudehe (qui signifie « travail collectif » en kinyarwanda), assure un appui aux ménages les plus pauvres selon un rythme rotatoire préalablement établi en fonction du niveau de pauvreté.
Une autre stratégie est celle du crédit bancaire accordé à la population pour pouvoir mobiliser d’un seul coup le montant de cotisation. Cette stratégie a été testée dans le district sanitaire de Gakoma. Un effectif de 27 995 personnes, soit 66,1 % du total des membres de la mutuelle de ce district ont souscrit à la mutuelle de santé grâce à ce crédit bancaire.
Les autorités politiques et des leaders d’opinions ont été sensibilisés pour qu’ils s’impliquent dans le processus de mise en place des mutuelles dans leurs zones respectives. Il a été constaté que les leaders d’opinions mobilisent plus rapidement et plus facilement la population pour qu’elle adhère aux mutuelles de santé, que les autorités politiques. Cette capacité de mobiliser la population est faible chez les prestataires de soins.
Certaines mesures ont été proposées et adoptées par les mutuelles de santé pour éviter les risques liés à l’assurance maladie. Il s’agit de l’adhésion par ménage, par groupe d’individu, par association ou par collectivité ;l’exigence d’une période d’attente avant de bénéficier des avantages des mutualistes ;l’instauration du paiement du ticket modérateur pour chaque épisode de maladie ;les supervisions réalisées par les comités de gestion des mutuelles de santé et les équipes cadres de districts ;l’utilisation des médicaments génériques ;le respect de la pyramide sanitaire et l’appui du pouvoir public et/ou partenaire en cas d’épidémie. Ces mesures ont montré leur efficacité dans l’appui à la consolidation des mutuelles de santé.
Enfin, l’« Initiative pour la performance » est la dernière stratégie qui a été développée pour renforcer les mutuelles de santé. Elle consiste à inciter les prestataires à produire plus et à améliorer la qualité de services moyennant une prime qui récompense leur productivité. Les résultats montrent que les prestataires de services ont développé un sens entrepreneurial en changeant leur comportement vis-à-vis de la communauté. Certaines activités du PMA (paquet minimum d’activités) qui n’étaient pas offertes ont démarré dans certains centres de santé (accouchement, stratégies avancées de vaccination, causeries éducatives, etc.). Des ressources supplémentaires ont été accordées aux animateurs de santé, aux accoucheuses traditionnelles et aux membres de comités de santé qui se sont investis plus activement dans les activités des centres de santé. L’intégration des services a été plus renforcée que les années précédentes.
Conclusions
Les mutuelles de santé facilitent la population à accéder aux soins de santé et protègent leurs revenus en cas de maladies.
Le modèle de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda est de caractéristique dirigiste :à partir des autorités (politiques, sanitaires ou leaders d’opinions). Il ne serait pas le plus adéquat dans la participation communautaire, mais plutôt adapté à un contexte politique de reconstruction d’un pays.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mariotti, Ludovic. "La réforme "Hôpital, patients, santé et territoires" : Une recomposition de l’action publique locale en trompe l’œil ? : Une analyse par les instruments au prisme du secteur médico-social en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD032.
Full textThe 2009 reform “Hôpital, patients, santé, territoires” (HPST) made the « Agence Régionale de Santé » the leading health organism on a regional level. By using an instrument approach, our thesis exanimates the reality of this role during its application. This question echoes a more global issue: namely, who are health policies decided by, on a local level?By investigating the health field within the PACA region, through the lenses of the medico-social area, our work demonstrate that the instruments supposedly in the hands of the ARS are only barely so. Each instrument, whether it finds its origins in the old healthcare planning ideal or in a more liberal ideology, let us discover a distribution of competences different from what is legally intended
Duprat, Philippe. "Mécanismes incitatifs et changement dans les systèmes de santé : applications à l'amélioration de la qualité et à l'évaluation." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077154.
Full textHenckes, Nicolas. "Le nouveau monde de la psychiatrie française : les psychiatres, l'état et la réforme des hôpitaux psychiatriques de l'après-guerre aux années 1970." Paris, EHESS, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769780.
Full textThis thesis analyses the reform of psychiatric hospitals in France from the end of World War II until the mid-seventies. Relying on an extensive reading of the leading professional journals, on the studying of important archives and on interviews with noteworthy actors, the thesis examines the diverse projects elaborated during the period. These include those initiated by professionals, by the state or the joint work of people from different social worlds with a view to understanding how the interaction of the actors affected their evolution. Eventually, the post-WW II reform of psychiatric hospitals reflected a conception of psychiatric intervention and a vision of responsibility based on the commitment of professionals toward their patients
Blake, Hélène. "Les risques du métier : emploi des séniors, santé et anticipations." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0074.
Full textThis thesis is a compilation of empirical works on seniors' behaviors. It is set in the context of reforms of retirement pension systems in develop countries which leads to a growing individualization of retirement choices. The first two chapters focus on how work impacts health using reforms of the French main pension system as exogenous shocks. Two different criteria are used to measure health: subjective well-being and mortality. It appears that work has a negative impact on physical health and increases morbidity for almost everybody. However the size and nature of effects are heterogeneous according to gender, education or income. I find that lower educated people are more impacted physically by work and that pension improves social life, especially women's. Men getting the lowest pensions (less than 954 euros a month) are more affected by the length of working life than by their retirement age, contrarily to other income groups. The third chapter is an analysis of the rigidity of seniors' employment rates in OECD countries facing a reform of their pension systems. Results show that seniors' employment reacts much more to work incentives in a context of good and homogeneous labor relations. The sources of heterogeneity of behaviors thus need to be studied. The fourth chapter analyzes one of them which is the differences in the experience of economic shocks for seniors. I find that for given individual situations with respect to income, employment and marital situation, people who grew up in a context of growth are more optimist concerning the American economy's future and children of unemployment men are more pessimistic concerning their own future on the labor market, which is not justified by facts (they have a lower propensity to be fired). Unemployment benefits are found to have a strong influence that mitigates or even cancels out this effects
Fleury, Marie-Josée. "Impact de la planification régionale et des programmes régionaux d'organisation de services (PROS) sur la structuration de la réforme de la santé mentale au Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0013/NQ39743.pdf.
Full textClark, Nathalie. "La relation de confiance entre le médecin et son patient en droit civil québécois, impact de la réforme des services de santé et des services sociaux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/MQ46720.pdf.
Full textMartin, Pascal. "Les métamorphoses de l'État social : la réforme managériale de l'assurance maladie et le nouveau gouvernement des pauvres." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0077.
Full textBetween 1995 and 2008 the reform of the health insurance system in France deeply transformed the social state. From the apex of the state downwards various apparatuses (institutional structures, training programs, work organization) induced new (or renewed) thought categories and practices that penetrated the representations and work of institutional agents. The role of the state was reinforced and managerial policies incorporating a new governance system were introduced. In the course of this transformation, the training programs aimed at different categories of agents were reformatted to fit both the new political orientations of the health system and the discourse of "quality service" with its managerial tools. The implementation in January 2000 of a universal health coverage programme called CMU (Couverture Maladie Universelle), the aim of wich was to protect precarious populations, has been empirically observed. The influx of "assisted" population groups claiming CMU or AME (state medical aid for certain foreign populations) benefits led to a reorganisation of the system, evidence in the way in wich users of the health system are treated at the reception at local level. The managerial rationalisation allowed a classification of users ranging from "good" insured clients to the "assisted" and the imposition of strictly quantitative objectives (norms of "quality"), rationalised work time and work organisation measuring such items as "client" time spent in waiting lines on the length of interviews. At the same time, however, arbitration over the attribution of conditional CMU or AME coverage was left to the discretionary appreciation of health service employees
Garrouste, Clémentine. "Naître et mourir en France : quatre essais en économie de la santé." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0173.
Full textThis dissertation presents four essays related to health economics. On the one hand, we estimate the effect of activity on health and mortality, by analyzing pensions refom in France. On the other hand, we analyze the choices related to the prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome (amniocentesis). The first essay shows that retirement has positive effects on mental and social health of seniors. The more physically impacted are the low-educated individuals. Conversly, the high-educated people are more impacted in tenus of social health. The second essay complete the first by evaluating the effect of retirement on mortality. We find that delaying the retirement age by one year increases the chances of dying within four years by 1. 5 percentage points which is equivalent to a decrease of life expectaney by 1. 68 months at age 64. This effect is heterogeneous by income groups. The third essay shows that eligibility to rembursement of amniocentesis has a largely positive effect on the probability of taking an amniocentesis test. By contrast, the sole fact of being labelled 'high-risk' by the Health system seems to have, as such, only a modest effect on subsequent choices. Building or available information on post-amniocentesis outcomes, we report new evidence suggesting that aminoocentesis increases the risk of premature birth and low weight at birth. The last essay completes the third olle by considering the trade off in amniocentesis decision to buil a decision model for pregnant women (amniocentesis requires comparing the risk of giving birth to an affected child and the risk of losing an unaffected child through amniocentesis-related miscarriage)
Zidi, Najoua. "Études économiques sur les inégalités sociales de santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080053.
Full textThis dissertation addresses social inequalities in health by attempting to identify the main determinants of social inequalities in health. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of health systems and their reforms on social inequality in health, with an emphasis on a deeper understanding of the ways and mechanisms by which socio-economic factors reduce or increase health inequalities. The aim is to understand social inequalities in health and identify their main determinants, whether in Tunisia or by comparing Tunisia with other countries.Based on a review of the literature on the determinants of social inequalities in health, we propose a conceptual analysis of the links between health and socio-economic status, including the income of individuals and countries by studying the impact of the latter on the health status of a population. It is thus proposed to explore the relationship between income inequality, social inequality and disparities in health status in the context of the emergence of social inequalities in health (SSI). According to the definitions of social determinants, health inequality must be considered from a perspective of systematic analysis referring to the most explicitly cited and proven socio-economic theories in the health economics literature. A conceptual framework on methods for measuring social inequalities in health was proposed to discuss approaches to decomposing inequalities in health care consumption, in particular with the concentration index as a measure that has so far been little explored. This made it possible to assess health inequalities, make a judgment on the inequity of health care distribution, and highlight the relevance of this measure in this area.Among the aspects of health inequality, several determinants support disparities in the demand for health services that are linked to both economic situations and health systems. Many theoretical approaches argue that inequality in access to care is linked to the characteristics and norms of health systems that lead to conditions of inequity in financial access to care and the use of the resources and services of these systems. This has been a motivation for successive and ongoing reforms in several countries around the world in the areas of health financing and health insurance. These reforms have also sought to improve the performance of health systems. Thus, in this thesis, we have tried to measure the levels of efficiency and equity in the Tunisian health system, by studying the factors that cause health inequalities in Tunisia and the reform of health insurance as well as the determinants of its development as a means of financing health care. We then presented an evaluation of the reform of the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie (CNAM) in 2007, examined its impact on access to healthcare and analysed their motivations and consequences. A conceptual framework for health system performance evaluation is presented to discuss methods for measuring and estimating the level of technical and economic efficiency, including the DEA method