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1
Martínez, Álvarez Olga. "Justicia y protección de menores en la España del siglo XIX. La Cárcel de Jóvenes de Madrid y la Casa de Corrección de Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/109211.
Abstract:
En este trabajo se describe el origen y el funcionamiento de dos instituciones singulares en el tratamiento de la infancia y la juventud delincuente y socialmente conflictiva en la España del siglo XIX: la Cárcel de Jóvenes de Madrid (1840-¿1848?) y la Casa de Corrección de Barcelona (1836-1884). Se trata de dos ensayos notables, por cuanto en el ámbito territorial español apenas se llevaron a cabo iniciativas en el ámbito penitenciario-asistencial destinadas específicamente a la infancia y juventud delincuente o en riesgo.
El trabajo está estructurado en tres partes. En la primera parte se dan las claves para entender la problemática social de los menores delincuentes en la España del ochocientos, dando cuenta del marco legal en que se encuadraban, y apuntando las fórmulas punitivas, correctivas, asistenciales y educativas que se destinaron a ellos.
En la segunda parte, se aborda el estudio de la Cárcel de Jóvenes de Madrid y de la asociación que impulsó su creación (Sociedad para la mejora del sistema carcelario, correccional y penal de España), siendo Ramón de la Sagra uno de los principales gestores de dicha Cárcel. Debido a la desintegración de la Sociedad entre finales de 1843 y principios de 1844, la Cárcel fue perdiendo los elementos y formas de funcionamiento singulares con que había surgido.
La tercera y última parte, acoge el estudio de la Casa de Corrección de Barcelona, que empezaba sus andaduras en 1836, bajo un prisma básicamente represivo, y cuya reapertura en 1856 supondrá un verdadero renacimiento al convertirse desde esa fecha en un centro específicamente pensado para menores delincuentes y predelincuentes. En este viraje tendrá un papel significativo José María Canalejas, que pasaría a dirigir la institución entre 1858 y 1863, introduciendo un sistema de reeducación insólito en las instituciones benéficas y penitenciarias del momento.
La falta de recursos económicos y la inadecuación de los edificios en que se ubicó la Casa de Corrección a lo largo de los años fueron una constante en la trayectoria de la institución, que a finales de siglo pasaría a ser gestionada por una congregación religiosa, pasando a convertirse en Escuela de Reforma (1884), y más adelante, recibiendo el nombre de Asilo Toribio Durán (1890), de cuya historia no se ocupa este trabajo.
El estudio se completa con bibliografía y varios anexos, entre los que destacan diversas bases de datos en que se recogen los nombres de los internos (incluidas las niñas y mujeres, para el caso del centro barcelonés), con indicación de las fechas de ingreso, de salida, y otros datos vinculados a su procedencia, estancia y salida de la institución.This work describes the origin and the way to work of two special institutions when managing the childhood and the youth of offenders and those socially conflictive during the XIX century in Spain: the Cárcel de Jóvenes de Madrid (1840-¿1848?) – a Prison for Youths in Madrid- and the Casa de Corrección de Barcelona (1836-1884) – a House for Correction in Barcelona. We are talking about two remarkable essays, as in the Spanish territory few initiatives took place in the field of penitentiary-care that focus on the childhood and youth of offenders of at risk of being one.
2
Collin, Margaret C. Y. C. "The treatment of delinquent and potentially delinquent children and young persons in Scotland from 1866 to 1937." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21353.
Abstract:
The treatment of delinquent and potentially delinquent children and young persons has its historical context within the development of the institutions of social control and regulation as they evolved and expanded within the changing role of the state in regulating, guiding and controlling the lives of its citizens. Between the middle years of the nineteenth century and 1937 there was a long process of gradual change from a position where the state took no particular regard of children and their problems to a situation where state intervention was expanding into almost every dimension of the lives of all young persons with a view to their potential as citizens. As the incoming tide of collectivist welfare policies washed away the foundations of the laissez-faire era, the nineteenth century emphasis on `punishment' was gradually replaced by a priority being given to `protection and training'. The criminal culpability of the Victorian delinquent was superseded by a new awareness of the social and psychological susceptibility of the twentieth century adolescent. The evolution of a more holistic approach sought to integrate, rather than alienate, wayward youth. Hence, the state took preventive measures in the `youth labour' problem and in the encouragement of `organized youth'. The institution of the juvenile courts and their developing expertise `diagnosed' rather than `judged' and gave priority to ameliorative methods of treatment within the community rather than to the Victorian emphasis on institutional isolation. Institutional treatment was regarded as a last resort and the systems of training in reformatories, industrial schools and Borstal institutions progressed from a severity of institutional pragmatism to a greater concern for the future integration of individual inmates as citizens.
3
Jolly, Sandra. "'A manly training to obedience' : Protestant reformatories for boys in Lancashire, circa 1854-1908." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1999. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1883/.
Abstract:
The treatment of juvenile offenders was the subject of much discussion and controversy in the first half of the nineteenth century and, from 1840 onwards, there was a vociferous campaign to ban imprisonment for children and to establish schools for delinquents where the emphasis was on moral reformation and rehabilitation rather than retribution. In 1854, as a result of the Reformatory Schools Act, juvenile reformatories became part of the criminal justice system and for the next three decades they were regarded by the Home Office as the key element in the fight against juvenile crime. Nevertheless, historians pay little attention to juvenile reformatories and there is little specific literature on individual institutions or the experience of reformatory inmates. This thesis, however, examines three Protestant reformatories for boys in Lancashire and attempts both to evaluate the reformatory system in the nineteenth century and to develop a greater understanding of the character and nature of the institutions themselves. The thesis examines the impact of the juvenile reform movement on social policy and legislation, particularly the contribution made by philanthropy and the developing, pivotal role of the institution. It considers the different methods used to establish reformatories and examines the origins of the schools in the study. It discusses the ethos and regime which developed in the institutions prior to 1880 and considers the effect on management methods of the powerful alliance formed by reformatory managers and Home Office officials. This is supplemented and illustrated using profiles of fifty inmates in two institutions. The thesis then examines changes in Home Office policy after 1880 and assesses the effect of these on reformatory practice at a local level. Finally it evaluates the role played by reformatories in Lancashire where twenty five per cent of such institutions were situated at the turn of the century. The thesis concludes that the reformatory system was an upper and middle-class response to the problem of juvenile delinquency, which was associated almost exclusively with the urban working class. It also suggests that, in spite of their name, individual reformatories were concerned primarily with training and rehabilitation rather than moral reformation. In addition the evidence indicates that, although the reformatory scheme was discredited elsewhere in the late nineteenth century, reformatory schools continued to play an important part in juvenile justice in Lancashire. These institutions continued to thrive because the majority of inmates did not commit further crime and magistrates believed that they gave value for money. This examination of nineteenth-century solutions to the problem of juvenile crime also illustrates that the present debate about delinquency is hardly novel and that current strategies were first tried out a hundred and fifty years ago.
4
Scrivener, Gladys. ""Rescuing the rising generation" : industrial schools in New South Wales, 1850-1910 /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030707.163231/index.html.
5
Heitmann, Erin E. "Finding pseudo families in women's prisons fact and fantasy /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4940.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
6
Inderbitzin, Michelle Lee. "Problem children : the view from the end of the line /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8897.
7
Venceslao, Pueyo Marta. "Pedagogía correccional. Estudio antropológico sobre un Centro Educativo de Justicia Juvenil." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98513.
Abstract:
Esta tesis aborda la construcción social de la alteridad y los fundamentos que la hacen posible. Circunscribe su análisis a los procesos de producción social de la desviación por parte de las instituciones que conforman el llamado campo social, en este caso, un Centro Educativo de Justicia Juvenil de régimen abierto. La pregunta principal que incardina la investigación es: ¿cómo la institución reformatoria cincela la figura del “joven delincuente”? O dicho de otro modo: ¿cómo se aprende a ser un “joven delincuente” en un centro correccional?
El trabajo se estructura en torno a tres ejes medulares. El primero elucida la pedagogía correccional y las representaciones inferiorizantes de la categoría “menor infractor”. ¿Qué racionalidades, pero también qué automatismos prerreflexivos sustentan este modelo de intervención educativa? Estas cuestiones plantean un doble adentramiento que explora, por un lado, la dimensión pedagógica de la cárcel y, por otro, la dimensión carcelaria de la pedagogía, o cuanto menos, de un tipo de pedagogía. La segunda nervadura analiza los efectos o somatizaciones que el internamiento tiene en los jóvenes, prestando especial atención tanto a los efectos de verdad en los sujetos estigmatizados como a los modos a través de los cuales los internos colaboran con su propia dominación. Se intersectan aquí la noción de violencia simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu, aquella mediante la cual el subordinado se convierte en consentidor y cómplice de su propia sumisión, con la carrera moral de Erving Goffman, el proceso de socialización que siguen ciertos individuos para confirmar las expectativas que existen acerca de ellos como portadores de alguna anomalía que termina siendo asumida como propia y natural. El tercer y último eje, cartografía las estratagemas que los jóvenes despliegan para hacer frente a la sujeción institucional: un entramado de artimañas, desacatos, burlas y simulacros de adaptación con la que estos contrarrestan la sumisión y fijan unos ciertos límites al sometimiento. Diferentes formas de resistencia y contrapoder que, si bien no siempre tienen un carácter consciente, crítico y deliberadamente opositor, enfrentan el descrédito y la dominación, al tiempo que parecen reservar algo de uno mismo fuera del alcance de la institución.
En última instancia, la investigación se vertebra a partir de un interés particular por el flujo y la decantación de la vida social, esto es, por los modos en los que ésta se reproduce de forma ininterrumpida. Auscultando el impulso interno que hace y rehace esa vida, esta tesis se adentra en el conatus sese conservandi spinoziano del mundo social; ese denuedo para seguir existiendo y perseverar, que nos muestra hasta qué punto la sociedad humana se compone, como señalara Herbert Blumer, de personas comprometidas en el acto de vivir, incluso, a pesar de la existencia de órdenes sociales desiguales y enfrentados. ¿Por qué el mundo dura? ¿Cómo se mantiene y reproduce un orden societario particular? ¿Qué mantiene unida a la microsociedad de la institución estudiada pese a su estructura de asimetrías?This thesis focuses on the social construction of otherness and the fundamentals that make it possible. Its analysis is limited to the social production processes of deviation in the reformatory institutions of Juvenile Justice. The main question that introduces the research is: how the reformatory carves the figure of "youthful offender"? Or put in other words: how do they learn to be "youthful offenders" during their internment? The thesis is structured around three core axes. The first elucidates correctional pedagogy and its discredited representations of "juvenile offender" category. What rationalities, but also what automatisms support this educational intervention model? These questions raise a double examination: on the one hand, the educational aspect of prison and on the other, the prison dimension of pedagogy, or at least, a kind of pedagogy. The second axis analyzes the effects or somatizations of the internment in young, with special attention to the consequences of stigma and to the ways inmates collaborate with their own domination. We here intersect the Pierre Boudieu’s notion of symbolic violence and Erving Goffman’s moral career. The third axis maps the stratagems deployed by youth to resist institutional submission: a web of trickery, contempt, taunts and mock adaptation with which to counteract domination. Ultimately, the research is structured from a particular interest in the ways in which social life is played out without interruption. Auscultating the internal impulse that makes and remakes that life in the reformatory, this thesis explores the Spinozian sese conatus conservandi of the social sphere: the boldness to continue existing and persevering that shows how human society consists of people engaged in the act of living, despite the existence of antagonistic and unequal social orders (inmates vs. educators). How it maintains a particular societal order? What holds together a microsociety (in this case, the reformatory of our research) despite its structure of asymmetry?
8
Poblete, González Denisse Claudia. "La acción socioeducativa que llevan a cabo los educadores de trato directo en los centros cerrados de la zona central de Chile." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/370846.
Abstract:
Esta investigación doctoral es un estudio de corte cualitativo sobre la visión que tienen los educadores y las educadoras de trato directo respecto a la acción socioeducativa que llevan a cabo en los centros de régimen cerrado de la zona central de Chile. Para contextualizar, podemos decir que dichos centros son recintos administrados por el Servicio Nacional de Menores (SENAME) que alberga a adolescentes y jóvenes que han cometido delito y que cumplen condena privados de libertad.
Con la finalidad de conocer la acción socioeducativa y a los educadores a cargo de ella es que se realizaron grupos de discusión en cada uno de los cinco centros existentes en la 5a, 6a, 7a y 13a regiones. Los objetivos que orientan este estudio son conocer y comprender la acción socioeducativa desde la visión de los educadores que son quienes la llevan a cabo y aportar con orientaciones que mejoren dicha labor.
Este trabajo consta de tres partes: la primera de carácter teórico donde se abordan los siguientes temas: teoría y tratamiento del delio en adolescentes, determinantes sociales en la adolescencia, la acción socioeducativa en los centros cerrados para adolescentes y antecedentes contextuales de la realidad chilena; la segunda parte se refiere al diseño y metodología de la investigación, incluyendo una descripción de los informantes que participaron en la investigación y los resultados de análisis a partir de la voz de los propios educadores participantes. La tercera parte, incluye las conclusiones, las limitaciones y la prospectiva que se generaron a partir de los resultados obtenidos y que aportan nuevas líneas de investigación que puedan contribuir a las mejoras de la acción socioeducativa. Esta investigación se complementa con una extensa revisión bibliográfica y la codificación utilizada para el análisis mediante el programa de Atlasti.
Dentro de las conclusiones se ha podido constatar que desde la mirada de los educadores, es que los centros si bien son una combinación de un modelo represivo-rehabilitador están pensados para adolescentes que se caracterizan por ser violentos y con necesidades afectivas al mismo tiempo y, por este motivo, es que el recurso más importante por parte de los educadores para llevar a cabo la acción socioeducativa es el vínculo afectivo de manera que se pueda lograr cierto control y manejo de situaciones conflictivas, utilizando como técnicas el buen trato, la comunicación afectiva y la observación de los internos. Sin embargo y a pesar del esfuerzo de los educadores, estos no cuentan con una formación especializada, por ello es que para mejore el trabajo socioeducativo es necesario una preparación en competencias y conocimientos adecuados para enfrentar el día a día en los centros de régimen cerrado.This doctoral research is a qualitative study about the vision that direct dealing educators have regarding their educational action carried out in closed regime centers of central Chile. To contextualize, we can say that these centers are enclosures managed by the National Service for Minors (SENAME) and they host adolescent and young population who have committed offense and serve sentence in freedom deprived. In order to meet the educational action and educators in charge of it, focus groups were conducted with the five existing centers of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 13th regions. The objectives that guide this study are to know and understand the education action from educators' perspective, as they are the ones who carry out and provide with guidelines to improve their work. Among conclusions it has been confirmed that from educators perspective, is that centers, although they are a combination of a repressive-rehabilitation model, they have been designed for teenagers who are mainly violent and have emotional needs at the same time and, for this reason, the most important resource for educators to carry out their educational action is affective bond to achieve some control and management of conflict situations, using techniques such as agreement, affective communication and inmate observation. However, in spite of educators' efforts, they are not provided with specialized training, that is the reason why to improve the educational work is necessary a suitable training in competences and appropriate knowledge to face daily challenges in closed regime centers.
9
Trigueiros, Maria da Conceição Bidarra de Melo. "Da prisão à cidade punitiva-utopia e realidade." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29108.
10
Foran, Frances. "Conversions : women re-signing from prison." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28270.
Abstract:
The research examines the development of women's prison writing through the journal of the Kingston Prison for Women, Tightwire. The journal enabled the prisoners to articulate their experience of prison for themselves as a specific subject-group, as women and as legal subjects. The research connects the prison writing to alterations in legal discourse which reflect the emergence of women as a specific group. The prison writings suggest that extra-legal discourse transforms legal discourse and practice. The appendix includes a selection of poems and comments from Tightwire .
11
Meyer, Doreen M. (Doreen Mae) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "A prison of their own; the contradictions behind Canada's prison for women." Ottawa, 1992.
12
Pastor, Sánchez Álvaro Manuel. "Reformatorio de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/306099.
Abstract:
La arquitectura penitenciaria es por definición la respuesta material a la necesidad de los estados de sancionar y corregir a los sujetos que pongan en peligro el equilibrio de la so-ciedad a la que pertenecen, con el fin último de reinsertarlos a la sociedad. Sin embargo, las prisiones contemporáneas, como espacio físico, solo contienen a los delincuentes: al-macenan los productos dañados de la sociedad. Así, las prisiones son edificios que paradó-jicamente promueven la marginación y la separación, desde un nivel funcional dentro de las ciudades, hasta un nivel simbólico hacia la sociedad. En esta investigación se demostrará que la arquitectura es, potencialmente, un instrumento de acción sobre los individuos internos, sobre sus conductas presentes y su relación futura con la sociedad; una herramienta que permita a la sociedad ejercer su derecho a la seguri-dad ciudadana, perceptiva y real, y su deber de reeducar a los infractores. Esto es, una arquitectura producto de un análisis crítico de la realidad, que luego se traduce en la ubica-ción de un edificio dentro de un contexto específico, con un programa de funcionamiento y unos espacios tales, que a través de un sistema progresivo, generen un cambio ponderable en la conducta de los usuarios y de la sociedad. Esta arquitectura estará definida dos ele-mentos básicos de la penitencia en la visión contemporánea: el componente del individuo y su educación, y el componente social-simbólico de la restitución de lo reglamentario.Tesis
13
Filho, Antonio Jonas Dias. "Sobre os viventes do Rio Doce e da Fazenda Guarany: dois presídios federais para índios durante a Ditadura Militar." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2508.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-06This thesis is the result of research work done in two phases: first in the graduation when we had first contact with this theme and now when we do our doctorate. This work is about an episode of repression in Military Dictatorship against indigenous peoples who were taken from their lands for two federal prisons in the state of Minas Gerais between the years 1967 and 1979. The reasons given by FUNAI for prisons were generally crimes like theft, murder and assault but research has shown that the actual and specific reasons were linked: first the participation of the same in meetings against the occupation of their land by development projects created by Military regime and; second to face due to the internal rules of the FUNAI in the indigenous areas. The theoretical discussion is set in the environment of dictatorships in South America over the years 60, 70 and 80 whose motto was development and national security. We compared the Argentine, Chilean and Brazilian scenarios to show the similarities and differences of regimes lived in those countries pointed out that there was a common project that led to armed repression and intelligence against all groups and individuals considered subversive by those governments. We call this type of totalitarianism as "Development of dictatorships in Latin America" because we understand that the military that took power believed in the binomial economic control-growth. Then we discuss the role of Development Projects and National Integration as factors that have led, during that period, the occupation of indigenous lands not only by Brazil and his great works but also by the northeastern and southern migrants and multinational companies attracted by military government. The reaction of indigenous peoples led the military regime to take repressive measures. First the Indians were arrested for a paramilitary unit formed by members of various indigenous peoples. Were then transferred to the reformatory (in Indian Post Krenak between 1967 and 1972 and Guarany Farm, between 1972 and 1979). In these places suffered confinement in solitary, forced labor, torture, disappearances and deaths. Both repression in areas as prisons are human rights violations and the Indian Statute itself. The importance and originality of this thesis not only in the fact to go public this little-known story of our recent history, we believe that merit is to discuss the failure of the state and civil society as the non-inclusion of the case in the laws that make up the Amnesty process initiated in 1979 with Law 6.683 and continued in 1995 with the Law 9.140 of the Dead and Disappeared
Esta tese resulta de um trabalho de pesquisa feito em duas fases: a primeira na graduação quando tivemos o primeiro contato com esse tema e agora quando realizamos nosso doutorado. Trata de um episódio de repressão na Ditadura Militar contra os povos indígenas que foram levados de suas terras para duas prisões federais no Estado de Minas Gerais entre os anos de 1967 e 1979. Os motivos alegados pela FUNAI para as prisões eram em geral crimes como roubo, homicídios e agressões, mas a pesquisa mostrou que os motivos reais e concretos estavam ligados: primeiro, à participação dos mesmos em Assembleias contra a ocupação de suas terras pelos projetos de desenvolvimento criados pelo Regime Militar e; segundo, ao enfrentamento diante das regras internas da FUNAI nas áreas indígenas. A discussão teórica tem como cenário o ambiente das Ditaduras na América do Sul ao longo dos anos 60, 70 e 80 cujo mote era desenvolvimento e segurança nacional. Comparamos os cenários argentino, chileno e brasileiro para mostrar as semelhanças e diferenças dos regimes vividos nesses países para assinalar que havia um projeto comum que levou à repressão armada e de inteligência contra todos os grupos e indivíduos considerados subversivos por esses governos. Denominamos esse tipo de totalitarismo como Ditaduras de Desenvolvimento na América Latina porque entendemos que os militares que tomaram o poder acreditavam no binômio controle-crescimento econômico. Em seguida discutimos o papel dos Projetos de Desenvolvimento e de Integração Nacional como fatores que propiciaram, durante o referido período, a ocupação das terras indígenas não apenas pelo Estado brasileiro e suas grandes obras, mas também pelos migrantes nordestinos e sulistas e pelas empresas multinacionais atraídas pelo governo militar. A reação dos povos indígenas levou o Regime Militar a tomar medidas repressivas. Primeiro os índios eram presos por uma unidade paramilitar formada por integrantes de vários povos indígenas. Depois eram transferidos para os Reformatórios (no Posto Indígena Krenak entre 1967 e 1972 e na Fazenda Guarany, entre 1972 e 1979). Nesses locais sofreram com confinamentos em solitárias, trabalhos forçados, torturas, desaparecimentos e mortes. Tanto a repressão nas áreas quanto as prisões são violações dos direitos humanos e do próprio Estatuto do Índio. A importância e a originalidade desta tese não reside apenas no fato de trazer a público este episódio pouco conhecido da nossa história recente, acreditamos que o seu mérito é discutir a omissão do estado e da sociedade civil quanto à não inclusão do caso nas leis que compõem o processo de Anistia iniciado em 1979 com a Lei 6.683 e continuado em 1995 com a Lei 9.140 dos Mortos e Desaparecidos
14
Dias, Filho Antonio Jonas. "Sobre os viventes do Rio Doce e da Fazenda Guarany: dois presídios federais para índios durante a Ditadura Militar." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/3611.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-06This thesis is the result of research work done in two phases: first in the graduation when we had first contact with this theme and now when we do our doctorate. This work is about an episode of repression in Military Dictatorship against indigenous peoples who were taken from their lands for two federal prisons in the state of Minas Gerais between the years 1967 and 1979. The reasons given by FUNAI for prisons were generally crimes like theft, murder and assault but research has shown that the actual and specific reasons were linked: first the participation of the same in meetings against the occupation of their land by development projects created by Military regime and; second to face due to the internal rules of the FUNAI in the indigenous areas. The theoretical discussion is set in the environment of dictatorships in South America over the years 60, 70 and 80 whose motto was development and national security. We compared the Argentine, Chilean and Brazilian scenarios to show the similarities and differences of regimes lived in those countries pointed out that there was a common project that led to armed repression and intelligence against all groups and individuals considered subversive by those governments. We call this type of totalitarianism as "Development of dictatorships in Latin America" because we understand that the military that took power believed in the binomial economic control-growth. Then we discuss the role of Development Projects and National Integration as factors that have led, during that period, the occupation of indigenous lands not only by Brazil and his great works but also by the northeastern and southern migrants and multinational companies attracted by military government. The reaction of indigenous peoples led the military regime to take repressive measures. First the Indians were arrested for a paramilitary unit formed by members of various indigenous peoples. Were then transferred to the reformatory (in Indian Post Krenak between 1967 and 1972 and Guarany Farm, between 1972 and 1979). In these places suffered confinement in solitary, forced labor, torture, disappearances and deaths. Both repression in areas as prisons are human rights violations and the Indian Statute itself. The importance and originality of this thesis not only in the fact to go public this little-known story of our recent history, we believe that merit is to discuss the failure of the state and civil society as the non-inclusion of the case in the laws that make up the Amnesty process initiated in 1979 with Law 6.683 and continued in 1995 with the Law 9.140 of the Dead and Disappeared
Esta tese resulta de um trabalho de pesquisa feito em duas fases: a primeira na graduação quando tivemos o primeiro contato com esse tema e agora quando realizamos nosso doutorado. Trata de um episódio de repressão na Ditadura Militar contra os povos indígenas que foram levados de suas terras para duas prisões federais no Estado de Minas Gerais entre os anos de 1967 e 1979. Os motivos alegados pela FUNAI para as prisões eram em geral crimes como roubo, homicídios e agressões, mas a pesquisa mostrou que os motivos reais e concretos estavam ligados: primeiro, à participação dos mesmos em Assembleias contra a ocupação de suas terras pelos projetos de desenvolvimento criados pelo Regime Militar e; segundo, ao enfrentamento diante das regras internas da FUNAI nas áreas indígenas. A discussão teórica tem como cenário o ambiente das Ditaduras na América do Sul ao longo dos anos 60, 70 e 80 cujo mote era desenvolvimento e segurança nacional. Comparamos os cenários argentino, chileno e brasileiro para mostrar as semelhanças e diferenças dos regimes vividos nesses países para assinalar que havia um projeto comum que levou à repressão armada e de inteligência contra todos os grupos e indivíduos considerados subversivos por esses governos. Denominamos esse tipo de totalitarismo como Ditaduras de Desenvolvimento na América Latina porque entendemos que os militares que tomaram o poder acreditavam no binômio controle-crescimento econômico. Em seguida discutimos o papel dos Projetos de Desenvolvimento e de Integração Nacional como fatores que propiciaram, durante o referido período, a ocupação das terras indígenas não apenas pelo Estado brasileiro e suas grandes obras, mas também pelos migrantes nordestinos e sulistas e pelas empresas multinacionais atraídas pelo governo militar. A reação dos povos indígenas levou o Regime Militar a tomar medidas repressivas. Primeiro os índios eram presos por uma unidade paramilitar formada por integrantes de vários povos indígenas. Depois eram transferidos para os Reformatórios (no Posto Indígena Krenak entre 1967 e 1972 e na Fazenda Guarany, entre 1972 e 1979). Nesses locais sofreram com confinamentos em solitárias, trabalhos forçados, torturas, desaparecimentos e mortes. Tanto a repressão nas áreas quanto as prisões são violações dos direitos humanos e do próprio Estatuto do Índio. A importância e a originalidade desta tese não reside apenas no fato de trazer a público este episódio pouco conhecido da nossa história recente, acreditamos que o seu mérito é discutir a omissão do estado e da sociedade civil quanto à não inclusão do caso nas leis que compõem o processo de Anistia iniciado em 1979 com a Lei 6.683 e continuado em 1995 com a Lei 9.140 dos Mortos e Desaparecidos
15
Rowe, Leroy M. "A grave injustice institutional terror at the State Industrial Home for negro girls and the paradox of delinquent reform in Missouri, 1888-1960 /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4570.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 28, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
16
Badroodien, Azeem. "A history of the Ottery School of Industries in Cape Town: issues of race, welfare and social order in the period 1937 to 1968." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Abstract:
The primary task of this thesis is to explain the establishment of the 'correctional institution', the Ottery School of Industrues, in Cape Town in 1948 and the programmes of rehabilitation, correctional and vocational training and residential care that the institution developed in the period until 1968. This explanation is located in the wider context of debates about welfare and penal policy in South africa. The overall purpose is to show how modernist discourses in relation to social welfare, delinquency and education came to South Africa and was mediated through a racial lens unique to this country. In doing so the thesis uses a broad range of material and levels from the ethnographic to the documentary and historical. The work seeks to locate itself at the intersection of the fields of education, history, welfare, penalty and race in South Africa.
17
Thompkins, Mary. "The Philanthropic Society in Britain with particular reference to the Reformatory Farm School, Redhill, 1849-1900." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0221.
Abstract:
This study of the Philanthropic Society (later the Royal Philanthropic Society) sets out to explain how it survived during many shifts in thinking about the treatment of juvenile offenders in nineteenth-century Britain. The study also pays particular attention to relationships between the Society and the state, showing how the Society was gradually drawn into dependence on the state. The thesis begins with an overview of the Society's work prior to its decision to move from London to Redhill in 1849. Next it proceeds to a close study of the Society's work until the end of the century. The decision to concentrate on the Redhill Farm School reflects not only changing views about the reformation of young offenders, but also the financial imperatives which forced the Society along paths shaped by the state. Close attention is paid to the way Parliamentary inquiries and commissions, which in the mid-Victorian period tended to laud the Society as a model, later criticized it for lagging behind advanced thinking. Interwoven within this narratives are descriptions of the specific measures the Society took for training and caring for boys at Redhill. It explores the nature of unpaid labour, training and discipline enforced at the farm school. It also examines the variety of subjects taught during the years a boy would spend working within a strict discipline, and the methods used to enforce such discipline. Another subject worthy of extended consideration is the Society's enthusiasm for emigration to British colonies following a boy's term of incarceration. The thesis closes with an examination of how and why the Society lost its reputation as a leader in the treatment of young offenders in the late-Victorian period, as government imposed new rules and regulations. The overall argument is that the Society born as the result of moral panics about children at risk became a long-term survivor as the result of partnerships with the state.
18
Jürgens, Henning P. "Johannes a Lasco in Ostfriesland : der Werdegang eines europäischen Reformators /." Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38889468d.
19
Bachmann, Claus. "Die Selbstherrlichkeit Gottes : Studien zur Theologie des Nürnberger Reformators Andreas Osiander /." Neukirchen-Vluyn : Neukirchener, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377176185.
20
Olguín, Araya Katherina. "Centro de reciclaje social San Felipe de Aconcagua: — reformulación de los centros para internación en régimen semi-cerrados contemplados por la "Ley de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente"." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101159.
Abstract:
Hoy se ha vuelto muy común ver en los medios de comunicación noticias relacionadas con
los centros del Sename, y más aún con los adolescentes infractores de ley. Si bien el tema
de la reinserción social de dichos adolescentes es un tema que comenzó a discutirse en
la agenda nacional gracias a la promulgación de la nueva Ley de Responsabilidad Penal
Adolescente (LRPA), éste es un problema que existe desde mucho antes.
El tema de los adolescentes infractores, es un tema netamente social y que debido a
la promulgación de la nueva ley, parece estar nuevamente en la conciencia colectiva. Los
medios de comunicación se han encargado de transmitir las carencias espaciales de los
recintos carcelarios y a su vez, los graves problemas que tienen estos mismos por ayudar
a la reinserción social de los jóvenes.
En resumen, un centro que anhele la reinserción como fin último, no puede pertenecer
al complejo de las sombras urbanas de la ciudad (Cementerios, Vertederos, Cárceles,
Industrias). El desafío es plantearse la problemática y solucionar efectivamente las
implicancias urbanas que lleva consigo formar parte de la sociedad.
El objetivo principal del proyecto será la Reformulación de los centros para internación
en régimen semi-cerrados contemplados por la Ley de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente,
debido a que es el centro que tiene mejores posibilidades de actuar como centro de
reinserción. La segunda característica que debe tener el centro de reinserción, además de
tener un rol intermediario, es contar con una actividad laboral que impacte socialmente y
que permita mantener ocupados a los jóvenes en estos centros.
Uno de los desafíos de la nueva ley, es generar una red de centros que permitan
saldar la demanda de cada región de manera individual, evitando así el desarraigo de los
jóvenes con su familia. Bajo este criterio, se descarta la Región Metropolitana producto
que no se puede establecer un modelo de intervención regional, debido a su especificidad
respecto de las demás regiones del país. Es decir, el diseño de un centro para Santiago
difiere totalmente de uno proyectado para cualquier otra ciudad de Chile, debido a que la
magnitud de la demanda es totalmente distinta y su impacto en la ciudad también, sobretodo
entendiendo que el principal criterio de selección es el tema de la accesibilidad. Con
respecto a la ubicación será: Realizar el diseño de un recinto dentro de un contexto regional,
de manera de responder a una realidad de menor escala que la metropolitana, entendiendo
que estos centros deberán masificarse en el resto de las regiones del país. Se propone
la Región de Valparaíso por ser la segunda región con más alta tasa de delincuencia
juvenil del país, después de la región Metropolitana. A su vez, tiene una alta demanda de
infraestructura penal juvenil y altos niveles de denuncias después de instaurado el nuevo
sistema judicial.
21
Grosso, Giovanni. "Il b. Jean Soreth : 1394-1471 : priore generale, reformatore e maestro spirituale dell'Ordine carmelitano /." Roma, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41171671n.
22
Aceitón, González Víctor. "Centro semicerrado para adolescentes infractores de la ley — Infraestructura para la ejecución de la nueva ley de responsabilidad para adolescentes infractores de la ley penal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100948.
Abstract:
El Estado de Chile se ha esmerado en generar un ambiente de confianza y transparencia
en su gestión, que involucra a todos los poderes que conforman el Estado a través de
instrumentos legales e innovación en los más diversos ámbitos de acción. En este sentido,
sin duda el Poder Judicial ha marcado esta tendencia en el último tiempo, materializándose
a través de la Reforma Procesal Penal un profundo cambio en el modo de hacer cumplir
la justicia, la que durante el último siglo ubicaba a Chile en una posición única enel mundo
occidental, que consistía en otorgar a una misma persona -el Juez del Crimen-la múltiple
responsabilidad de investigar, acusar y sentenciar.
El nuevo sistema pretende la efectividad en el cumplimiento de las leyes sobre todo
desde el punto de vista de la diversificación y especialización de las funciones.
Esta transformación en el ámbito legal ha quedado en evidencia también en el ámbito
de la edificación pública, pues ha tenido que darse respuesta a necesidades programáticas
surgidas de éstos cambios. El ejemplomás evidente corresponde a la construcción de los
edificios que albergaran los nuevos Juzgados de Garantía y Tribunales de Juicio Oral en
lo Penal a lo largo de todo Chile, los que llegarán a un total de 84 una vez que lapuesta
en marcha llegue al cien por ciento.
El emblema de estas nuevas edificaciones es sin duda el megaproyecto, aun en
construcción en la Región Metropolitana, del denominado Ciudad de la Justicia, debido a
monumentalidad y envergadura. Para la ejecución de este proyecto que concentra 115.000
m2, el Estado de Chile invirtió alrededor de 80 millones de dólares, que sumado el resto de
los tribunales significa un gasto y esfuerzo enorme para nuestro país.
Así mismo, en el ámbito del Sistema Penitenciario, la Reforma Procesal Penal ha
implicado también una reformulación en la aplicación de las sanciones, lo que conlleva
obviamente a una importante demanda de infraestructura.
Estos ejemplos marcan la tendencia de un escenario, el que aparece como una
oportunidad para explorar en un campo que se presenta abierto y en el cual vale la pena
indagar en la búsqueda de nuevas proposiciones arquitectónicas de interés público y social.
23
Parada, C. "Centro cerrado de privación de libertad para menores infractores de la ley : consolidación centro femenino metropolitano." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100996.
Abstract:
El proyecto plantea la necesidad de construir nuevos centros, capaces de absorber la demanda creciente de jóvenes infractores. Centros de cumplan con las necesidades programáticas y de seguridad que requieren este tipo de recintos; para así no seguir con los constantes desvaríos que de una u otra forma interrumpen cualquier proceso de rehabilitación posible
24
Di, Giuseppe Giulio. "CeReRes: — centro de rehabilitación y reinserción social, Los Ángeles." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100413.
Abstract:
Actualmente existe una enorme cantidad de problemáticas sociales necesarias de ser
abordadas en nuestro país, y donde la arquitectura puede y debe aportar. Sin embargo, la
crisis del sistema penitenciario en Chile, a mi parecer, se sitúa al tope de la lista debido
al grave irrespeto a los derechos y garantías de quienes están privados de libertad. Sin ir
más lejos basta recordar el cuadro de precariedad de la capitalina cárcel de San Miguel
que condujo a la tragedia de Diciembre de 2010, con saldo de 81 reos muertos.
¿Cómo la arquitectura responde a esta realidad? Es nuestra tarea aportar con lo
necesario para el desarrollo de una sociedad más justa, más humana.
Enmarcándose en la nueva reforma al sistema penitenciario que el gobierno ha hecho
pública durante el último año, se buscará la manera de centrar un recinto carcelario
específicamente en la rehabilitación y reinserción de los condenados, más que en el castigo
y simple encierro, mejorando a su vez la relación que este pueda tener con la ciudad. Así se
pretende establecer nuevas conexiones y brindarle un nuevo sentido a la relación cárcelciudad,
dualidad hasta el día de hoy cargada de negativismo.
La citada reforma centra sus esfuerzos en mejorar la calidad del actual sistema
abordando principalmente los temas de perfeccionamiento de Gendarmería, segregación
de la población penal y el problema del hacinamiento en los recintos carcelarios de todo el
país. Con estas iniciativas quedan sentadas las bases para avanzar en un quinto eje, que
se refiere a potenciar la rehabilitación y reinserción de los condenados a través del estatuto
laboral del preso.
Bajo el concepto de los CET (centros de estudio y trabajo, centrados esencialmente en
la rehabilitación y reinserción de los condenados) es que un proyecto de esta naturaleza
cobra sentido, entendiendo que el funcionamiento de estos centros apunta esencialmente
a la reinserción de aquellos condenados privados de libertad que cumplen su condena
accediendo a actividades de capacitación y trabajo remunerado como parte del subsistema
semi-abierto. Estos centros se transforman de esta manera en la única conexión entre
la sociedad y los condenados, siendo el vehículo más eficaz para lograr una correcta
reinserción social.
Ante la problemática planteada se propone el desarrollo de una nueva tipología dentro
del sistema penitenciario, centrada en la rehabilitación y reinserción social de internos de
baja peligrosidad. El eje de este proyecto es el proceso de rehabilitación, por lo que la
capacitación de los internos mediante el trabajo y el estudio es esencial, así como también
su contacto con la sociedad.
La conexión de este nuevo proyecto penitenciario con ciudad de Los Ángeles es vital
para el desarrollo de esta tarea, teniendo en cuenta la potente actividad forestal que es
llevada a cabo en la zona, y la intima pero tensa relación existente entre la actual cárcel y
la propia ciudad. Ambos factores influyen decisivamente en la conformación del proyecto,
así como también en el rol que adopta en materia laboral y educativa.
Al conferirle a un recinto carcelario existente que alberga reos de baja peligrosidad
el valor agregado que confiere un CET, es decir, de centro productivo que aporta a la sociedad, se pretende fortalecer la relación cárcel-ciudad fomentando a su vez la correcta
readaptación del condenado, transformando su pena en una oportunidad para surgir.
25
Ferraro, López Carla. "Centro penitenciario para menores infractores de la ley." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100791.
26
Canete, Kausel Elisa. "Centro Penal Femenino en Vicuña-IV región: lugar, recursos, trabajo y rehabilitación : propuesta para mitigar el modelo tradicional de arquitectura penal ligado al castigo y marginación : Vicuña, Provincia Del Elqui, Coquimbo, Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150018.
27
Scrivener, Gladys. "Rescuing the rising generation : industrial schools in New South Wales, 1850-1910." Thesis, [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/376.
Abstract:
The Industrial Schools Act introduced State coercion into the ‘childcare’ of the colony, and industrial schools became legal enforcers for other welfare institutions. This thesis provides an account of two industrial schools in nineteenth and early twentieth century New South Wales, focusing on the children and the lives they lived within the institutions and relying heavily upon primary sources. NSS Vernon enrolled destitute, neglected and delinquent boys. The curriculum, combined with an elaborate system of rewards, proved effective as reformative agents and after 1911 the ship’s coercive function was taken over by other reformatory schools and by a system of probation. About one third of girls admitted to ISG Newcastle were older, sexually delinquent girls. Inappropriate site, inadequate preparation, insufficient and untrained staff, lack of suitable curriculum and denial of support from the Colonial Secretary led to total failure of the school. Physical and verbal abuse was in evidence at Newcastle and resurfaced after the change of enrollments to mostly older girls about the time of the school’s transfer to Parramatta in 1887. After 1905 committals were aimed at maintaining street order and parental authority, to house the ‘uncontrollables’ and ‘incompetents’ and to provide a lock hospital for the control of venereal disease. The expressed purpose of the school to provide ‘good useful women’ dovetailed neatly with the introduction of probation, mostly for boys, which was enforced ‘through the mother’
28
Navarrete, Méndez Carlos Enrique. "Centro de cumplimiento penitenciario." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100921.
Abstract:
La situación carcelaria actual por la que atraviesa nuestro país es una de las más graves
en su historia. Las cárceles están saturadas de internos, no cuentan con las condiciones
mínimas de dignidad ni permiten la rehabilitación de los delincuentes. A modo de ejemplo,
el actual déficit carcelario es de 60%, el mayor en los últimos 30 años, lo que significa que
donde hoy hay 10 reclusos, debiera haber seis.
Las condiciones de vida dentro de los recintos son tan inadecuadas, que la
rehabilitación es prácticamente imposible, lo que se traduce en reincidencia. Además, el
hacinamiento dificulta la posibilidad de separar a los reclusos más experimentados de los
primerizos, lo que, lejos de interrumpir la carrera delictiva, fomenta su perfeccionamiento.
La falta de infraestructura contribuye a un ambiente en el que la promiscuidad y la droga
impiden que los reclusos cumplan sus condenas con dignidad. Los motines, tomas, fugas,
huelgas y desórdenes que se han producido en los últimos años claramente se deben a
estos graves problemas de sobrepoblación penal y déficit carcelario.
Con el objetivo de abordar el problema, el gobierno ha impulsado un proyecto de
concesión de infraestructura penitenciaria a privados. De esta forma, por medio del pago
de un subsidio que el Estado cancelará al concesionario, se construirán 10 nuevos centros.
El objetivo del presente proyecto es proyectar un Recinto penitenciario que refleje el
pensamiento actual y las intenciones de reinserción social de los internos, más allá de ser
un simple contenedor de individuos apartados temporalmente de la sociedad.
29
Meyer, Walter Ernst. "Huldrych Zwinglis Eschatologie : reformatorische Wende, Theologie und Geschichtsbild des Zürchers Reformators im Lichte seines eschatologischen Ansatzes /." Zürich : Theologischer Verl, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349288439.
30
Jung, Martin H. "Frömmigkeit und Theologie bei Philipp Melanchthon : das Gebet im Leben und in der Lehre des Reformators /." Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392405783.
31
Strimelle, Véronique. "La gestion de la déviance des filles et les institutions du Bon Pasteur à Montréal, 1869-1912." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/NQ42280.pdf.
32
Schmitz, Vanesa Denise. "Centro de cumplimiento de condena para menores infractores de la ley penal San Bernardo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100957.
Abstract:
Una de las principales falencias que poseen los menores en este tipo de centros, es la ausencia de la libertad, siendo la "calle" el símbolo más representativo de esta pérdida, debido a que en ella el menor transcurría gran parte de su vida cotidiana. Es por ello que el proyecto se plantea como una "calle" que cumple la función como eje articulador de las distintas instancias.
33
Flachmann, Holger. "Martin Luther und das Buch : eine historische Studie zur Bedeutung des Buches im Handeln und Denken des Reformators /." Tübingen : J.C.B. Mohr (P. Siebeck), 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37512570f.
34
Priori, Claudia. "Mulheres fora da lei da norma." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/27118.
Abstract:
Resumo: O tema da presente tese é a violência feminina e o encarceramento de mulheres que passaram pelo sistema penitenciário paranaense, entre os anos de 1970 e 1995. Analisamos os prontuários criminais de detentas e a partir das fontes traçamos os vários delitos cometidos por elas, com amplo destaque para os crimes de furto, roubo, homicídio e tráfico de drogas, ao longo do período. Temos como objetivo a análise da trajetória dessas mulheres, autoras de violência e delitos, no que tange à inserção e participação no crime. Abordamos também as formas de controle e os traços do cotidiano e das relações sociais construídas por elas dentro da prisão. Para essa discussão, nos reportamos aos referenciais teóricos de Michel Foucault, Erving Goffman e aos estudos de gênero, bem como travamos um diálogo multidisciplinar com diversas áreas do conhecimento, como a Antropologia, a Sociologia, o Direito, entre outras.
35
Chauriye, Roberto. "Centro de reinserción social para menores infractores bajo la nueva ley penal adolescente." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100990.
Abstract:
El origen del proyecto se basa en la necesidad de crear nuevos centros privativos de libertad
para menores debido a la puesta en marcha de la nueva ley penal juvenil.
Esto quiere decir que los menores entre 14 y 18 años son imputables, por ende van
a ser juzgados y procesados por la nueva ley y con esto automáticamente aumentará la
demanda de plazas en estos recintos.
Por otra parte las condiciones de habitabilidad en los recintos actuales del SENAME,
son en muchos casos denigrantes, haciendo verdaderamente inviable la posibilidad real de
rehabilitación y reinserción de un menor. Muy por el contrario, se convierten generalmente
en escuelas de delito.
36
Espinoza, Gastelo Alexis Abel. "Nivel de riesgo en adolescentes infractores de un centro juvenil de medio abierto en el norte del Perú 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/3465.
Abstract:
La delincuencia ha existido desde tiempos antiguos y en cualquier parte del mundo, actualmente en el Perú, ha aumentado drásticamente llegando a incluirse en estas actividades delictivas a los adolescentes, infringiendo así las normas sociales y legales, creando un malestar no solo para la sociedad, sino también a sí mismos y sus familiares. Sin embargo, se puede predecir la reincidencia a esta conducta y poder prevenirla, o al menos reducirla. Ante tal hecho, la presente investigación de tipo no experimental, descriptiva, pretende medir la frecuencia del nivel de riesgo en adolescentes infractores a la ley penal en un Centro Juvenil de Medio Abierto en el norte del Perú, 2020, mediante el uso del instrumento SAVRY. Siendo una población de 70 adolescentes. El objetivo general es determinar la frecuencia del nivel de riesgo en los adolescentes infractores en el centro juvenil de medio abierto y como objetivo específico, determinar la frecuencia del riesgo en los adolescentes según la infracción, edad, consumo de sustancias y el tipo de familia.
37
Vieira, Cláudia Maria Carvalho do Amaral. "Crianças encarceradas - a proteção integral da criança na execução penal feminina da pena privativa de liberdade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/122854.
Abstract:
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2013.Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013Bitstream added on 2015-03-18T20:56:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 323442.pdf: 8233755 bytes, checksum: e7bb549d1f91d1ac481c44fdcc42eb1e (MD5)
O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar a Doutrina da Proteção Integral, como paradigma de proteção normativa da criança e do adolescente, na perspectiva da realidade da criança que está nos cárceres brasileiros, em virtude do aprisionamento da mãe. Dentro dos objetivos específicos, o universo prisional feminino é apresentado em suas dimensões histórica e das especificidades contidas na Lei de Execução Penal, nas Resoluções do Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CNPCP) e nas informações dos relatórios de visitação produzidos pelos Conselheiros do CNPCP, com especial ênfase às questões relativas àgravidez, parto, amamentação, registro civil e espaços de vivência carcerária para mães e crianças. Os dados fornecidos pelo InfoPen do Departamento Penitenciário (DEPEN) do Ministério da Justiça compõem o quadro do encarceramento feminino sob uma perspectiva quantitativa (número de mulheres presas total e por região) e qualitativa (faixa etária, cor de pele e tipo de delito cometido). Outro objetivo específico foi acolher a Doutrina da Proteção Integral como parâmetro norteador da análise da proteção dos direitos da criança na realidade carcerária. A Proteção Integral, o princípio do interesse superior da criança, a prioridade absoluta, o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos e as redes de Proteção Integral são apontados como as garantias necessárias para se "proteger integralmente" uma criança no Brasil. O caráter interdisciplinar da Proteção Integral é pontuado como a dimensão acadêmica do paradigma. Na moldura protetiva da criança estão inseridos o poder familiar e o direito de guarda da mãe, mantidos, apesar do encarceramento. A gravidez, o nascimento, o aleitamento materno, o desenvolvimento físico, o neurodesenvolvimento, a vacinação, o acompanhamento pediátrico, a saúde mental e emocional da criança, a permanência, a saída e a volta da criança ao estabelecimento penal são analisados sob uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, compondo o quadro de especificidades da vivência de uma infância. Esse constituiu mais um objetivo específico da pesquisa ao qual se inseriu uma perspectiva concreta da infância desprotegida nos cárceres brasileiros, o que se efetivou a partir da visita ao Centro de Progressão Penitenciário do Butantan, em São Paulo. Cuidou-se de verificar, como último objetivo específico, a formulação e a operação de soluções para os enfrentamentos necessários à Proteção Integral da "infância confinada", a partir do sistema de Justiça Criminal, dos órgãos ligados à execução penal feminina da pena privativa de liberdade, do Sistema de Justiça da Infância e da Juventude e de políticas públicas em favor da criança.Concluiu-se pela necessidade de se utilizar os mecanismos legais existentes para que a pena privativa de liberdade seja, sempre que possível, substituída por outras formas de unição, que a lógica da Proteção Integral passe a nortear a proteção dos direitos da "infância confinada" e que, ante os limites da execução penal feminina da pena privativa de liberdade, insistir-se na Proteção Integral da "criança encarcerada" dentro da lógica do encarceramento feminino, marcada pela valorização da segurança e da disciplina, marcada pela violência, fará com que permaneça o estado de violação dos direitos da criança que está no estabelecimento penal.
38
Sarmiento, Jaime Miguel. "Centro de rehabilitación y diagnóstico de adolescentes en condena." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582772.
39
Machado, Fernando Eugenio Cabral de Paula. "Arquitectura institucional y pedagogía de habilitación social : interpretación del desarrollo de la arquitectura de reformatorio en el contexto socio cultural brasileño." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/246651.
Abstract:
The present work proposes to examine the conflict between architecture and the socio-pedagogical problem of social reintegration of the child and adolescent population, in a regime of deprivation of freedom. lt focuses on the contextual devalopment of the building in relation to its social function.
The intention of this research is to question and evaluate to what leval the architecture influences this process, varifying !he importance of pedagogical discourse in the poetics of the project and show the dialogue between the institutional architecture and the social pedagogy.
The first part is mainly based on the construction of the social historical view of the punishmentand its social historical context in relation to the architectural object. lt is the transitions of the punishment process, initially linked to the body and then to the deprivation of freedom, establishing a linear and temporal reasoning to understand as clearly as possible the reasons, functional guidelines, and the devalopment of the legal landscape to manifestation and concretization of the punitiva object known as "prison".
lt focuses on the context of the Brazilian institutional devalopment with the aim of clarifying the origins and causes of the problems surrounding the issue of children and youth in a situation of social risk and conflict with the law.
The transforrnation of the social structure will objectivaly clarify through the centurias, the forrnation of the Brazilian State and the configuration of the social public order; always linking the treatrnent givan to the architectural object, the social need in a specific time, and the emblematic and representativa protagonist in society. In lite stage, children and adolescence hava basic needs (health, food and education) and changes in their legal representation byassociating the social historical context, the educational context and the legal context to the reality of the building, protagonist of each stage.
The focus is on the understanding ofeach of the buildings, their design solutions, its forrns, its types, its dimensions, relationship toward discipline and control, security, surveillance and also their accumulation of functions, caused by the constant restructuring of the functional program.
The last part is focused on the analytical nature of the constructed realities, (School of Correction, Correctiva House, Discipline School, Febem, United Educational House Foundation, inpatient units Cense educational centers), its relationship with the functional context of the architectural object and its social purposes involvad in the national system of care for children and adolescence.
The construction of the critical analysis of the devalopment of the architectural object is based on dividing analysis into four pertinent processes: architectural thinking, drawing, construction, and living.
The thesis adopts the herrneneutical terms relating the pre-figurativa phase at the time ofthinking and drawing; con-figurativa phase, with the construction of the reality of the project; and the re-figurativa phase, with relationships that surround the fact of living in it.
The analytical discourse of separate buildings is described in the final considerations with a critical panorama, which interrelates and includes the devalopment of the architectural object and pedagogy; assessing the pedagogy of social as the pre-figurativa poetry of the objectand its rhetoric, as the functional re-figurativa reality of their purposes.El presente trabajo refleja la extensión de una preocupación personal iniciada con mi proyecto de final de curso en el año 2000. En ese momento, para la graduación y obtención del título de Arquitecto y Urbanista por el Centro Universitário Moura Lacerda en Brasil, propuse un edificio destinado a la infancia y juventud en situación de riesgo social. Como consecuencia de este proyecto me acerqué a la problemática social relacionada a la infancia y juventud en situación de conflicto con la justicia en régimen de privación de libertad, y percibí una realidad relegada a los márgenes de las políticas públicas, dejada a la deriva en el proceso de exclusión social debido a los cambios de la estructura social del país. Como arquitecto sentí la necesidad social de involucrarme en dicha temática, consciente (o no tan consciente) de las dificultades que envolvería la pesquisa de un tema relacionado con la Seguridad Nacional. Decidí entrar en el programa de Doctorado (Proyectos Arquitectónicos) con objetivo de relacionar la arquitectura y la pedagogía de rehabilitación social y de reconocer el desarrollo del edificio y su relación con su propósito social. Más allá del desarrollo de un análisis técnico del edificio, mi intención es entender y relacionar el proceso del objeto arquitectónico con el propósito de su necesidad social, consciente de que la arquitectura de estas características debe estar estrictamente ligada con la metodología pedagógica específica para su función, en este caso la rehabilitación del individuo de cara a la sociedad. Para esta comprensión es imprescindible conocer la relación del espacio, tiempo y arquitectura, y así relacionar el desarrollo tipológico del edificio a los condicionantes del contexto y de la estructura socio-cultural de cada período (condicionantes legislativos, pedagógicos y arquitectónicos). Parto de la base evidente de que el desarrollo de la tipología del objeto arquitectónico está relacionado al desarrollo de la estructura social de la sociedad. El edificio se amolda a los ideales sociales de cada época, y así se transforma en registro histórico de su contexto temporal. Este trabajo, de acuerdo a los criterios del autor, busca en los análisis interpretativos la comprobación y el enfrentamiento crítico de estas dos disciplinas: arquitectura y pedagogía, aparentemente distantes pero totalmente complementarias al estar vinculadas en el tema en cuestión. Serán objeto de análisis interpretativo, proyectos arquitectónicos de carácter institucional con propósito de privación de libertad. El objetivo es investigar modelos arquitectónicos en momentos distintos de la historia y relacionarlos con sus contextos con la intención de identificar de manera clara el proceso de desarrollo del objeto arquitectónico. En este análisis se identifica el territorio de la arquitectura en su proceso de asistencia a la juventud en conflicto con la ley, se comprueba la importancia del discurso pedagógico en la poética del proyecto, y se demuestra como las cuestiones vinculadas a la seguridad, control y vigilancia del espacio pasan a dominar la tipología técnica del edificio. Mientras, la propuesta pedagógica y las condiciones del desarrollo de sus propósitos pasan a un segundo plano mostrando la problemática referente al diálogo entre forma (espacio físico) y función (rehabilitación social)
40
Brito, Mirella Alves de. "O caldo na panela de pressão." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89752.
Abstract:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia SocialMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T02:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 245035.pdf: 2004053 bytes, checksum: 1b2360eff57fb2ba002cde7e7e9648bf (MD5)
A pesquisa descreve as práticas sociais no Presídio Feminino de Florianópolis, SC. O presídio corresponde a uma das unidades prisionais do sistema penitenciário de Santa Catarina, único exclusivo para a detenção de mulheres. A pesquisa perseguiu o objetivo de identificar como se organizam as mulheres presas em Florianópolis, como se relacionam e que práticas coletivas são encenadas nesse contexto. A população de mulheres presas envolvidas na pesquisa foi, inicialmente, de 36 mulheres, que haviam sido julgadas e receberam sentença de reclusão em regime fechado. Entretanto, ao longo do trabalho de campo esse número foi se modificando e foi possível conhecer em torno de 100 mulheres que passaram pelo presídio no período em que foi realizada a pesquisa. Reconheceu-se que há no Brasil uma incipiente tentativa de dar visibilidade a questões que se incorporam no cotidiano prisional, sobretudo nos presídios para mulheres. Três autoras brasileiras são destaques como inovadoras nessa área: Julita Lemgruber (1983); Iara Ilgenfritz e Bárbara M. Soares (2002). No exterior merece destaque Manuela Ivonne da Cunha (2002), na realização de uma etnografia de um presídio de mulheres em Lisboa/PT. De sorte que, nessa pesquisa foi necessário articular vários entendimentos até que pudéssemos, a partir dos dados etnográficos, identificar que as relações presa/instituição e prisão/violência - embora de extrema relevância - não dão conta de representar o presídio feminino de Florianópolis tal qual é possível percebe-lo: um lugar de convivência e, portanto, de sociabilidades que se sobrepõem muitas vezes às práticas coercitivas ali presentes, legitimadas pela sociedade em geral. Foi identificado que a experiência prisional reedita algumas das práticas já encenadas por essas mulheres, mas dá ênfase a algumas relacionadas ao parentesco, a rituais de iniciação na vida prisional e ao estabelecimento de confiança entre pares. Fundamentalmente, o estudo indica que o fluxo de informações, pessoas, objetos e desejos, se dá de forma a diminuir, ou até mesmo apagar a fronteira entre o dentro e o fora da prisão, mesmo que, em muitos momentos, essa fronteira seja decisiva no destino de cada uma das mulheres que ali se encontram. This research describes social practices in the Female Penitentiary in Florianópolis, SC. The penitentiary is one of the units of the penitentiary system in Santa Catarina being the single one for imprisonment of women in the State. The research aimed in identifying how the imprisoned women organize themselves, how they relate to each other and which collective actions are performed thereof. The number of imprisoned women involved in the research started off as 36 - all had undergone trial and had received imprisonment sentence (closed regimen). However, as the research developed, this number changed and reached about 100 women who passed by the penitentiary during the research period. It was acknowledged that, in Brazil, there is a crude attempt in showing issues related to the daily life in penitentiaries, especially in female penitentiaries. Three Brazilian writers are highlighted as innovative in this field: Julita Lemgruber (1983); Iara Ilgenfritz and Bárbara M. Soares (2002). A writer with prominence in a foreign country is Manuela Ivonne da Cunha (2002), on an ethnography performed in a female penitentiary in Lisbon (Portugal). Therefore, this research had to undergo several understandings to the point where we were able to identify, from ethnographic data, the relationship between prisoner/institution and prison/violence that - although having great relevance - do not duly represent the female penitentiary in Florianópolis as it is in real life: a place where they live, and thus a sociability place that in many instances overcome the coercive practices present, justified by society in general. It was identified that the penitentiary experience re-edits some practices already performed by these women, but it emphasizes some practices related to family ties, initiation rituals in penitentiary life as well as the establishment of trust amongst pairs. Basically, the study shows that flow of information, people, object and desires take place in order to decrease, or even erase, the borderline of inside and outside of prison, even if in some moments, this borderline is decisive in the fate of each of the women there.
41
Laux, Pérez Denisse. "Centro de rehabilitación y reintegración social Sename." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/142702.
Abstract:
Memoria para optar al título de ArquitectoLa evolución de la delincuencia en Chile ha sido progresiva durante los últimos años, al igual que la necesidad de combatirla. Según el Centro de Estudio Nacional de Opinión Pública, la delincuencia forma parte de los tres primeros problemas que debería priorizar en solucionar el Estado. Se realizó una evaluación por región en donde se identificaron los casos de aumento críticos de delincuencia. La Región Metropolitana resalta como primera región más afectada, luego sigue la Región de la Araucanía y a continuación la Región de Coquimbo. La cantidad de delitos ingresados al Ministerio Público sigue en aumento, al igual que la población penal. En Chile en 2014 la población penal alcanzo las 95.689 personas de las cuales 52.983 cumplen condena en recintos cerrados. Esto representa un gran problema país, ya que en la actualidad se cuenta con una capacidad para 39.527 internos, lo que genera una sobrepoblación del 34% (13.456 internos), esto conlleva a problemas de ejecución en los recintos y dificulta también el proceso de rehabilitación que cada interno debiera tener. Actualmente, en los casos delictuales se ha visto un aumento progresivo en los menores de edad más que en los adultos, e incluso el aumento ha sido tal que ya no existen recintos con capacidad para recibir a más jóvenes, y mucho menos para brindar la ayudar necesaria a estos menores. Peñalolén, es una de las comunas en la Región Metropolitana con mayores índices de internos jóvenes en centros de rehabilitación cerrados, y al igual que con los adultos internos, existe un alto índice de hacinamiento en estos centros de reclusión, lo que dificulta el tratamiento de rehabilitación y reintegración de los jóvenes. Es por esto que el Centro de Rehabilitación y Reintegración Social SENAME busca mejorar la calidad de vida de los menores dentro del recinto, para tener un resultado satisfactorio y lograr reintegrar a estos jóvenes como un aporte y no como una amenaza a la sociedad.
42
Krause, Armin. "Zur Sprache des Reformators Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt : Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Verstehens- und Sprachtraditionen auf die Ausprägung individuellen Sprach- und Schriftverständnisses, Sprachverhaltens und die Bedeutung ausgewählter Schlüsselwörter der Reformationszeit /." Stuttgart : H.-D. Heinz, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36667764b.
43
Loubser, Ruth Ananka. "Patterns of change in epistemic frameworks : a reformational perspective / Ruth Ananka Loubser." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8720.
Abstract:
The aim of this project is to discern possible patterns in the changes of epistemic frameworks and in the
way in which factors cause or stimulate such changes. Article 1 illustrates forms of consensus between
the views of various prominent 20th century philosophers of science on the characteristics and functions
of pre-scientific frameworks in scientific activity. This is done by highlighting various helpful insights
from the reformational tradition as a point of departure. Article 2 attempts to achieve more clarity on
how changes in epistemic frameworks occur, whilst article 3 discerns the factors influencing framework
change. Article 4 illustrates and evaluates the relationship between change and constancy in the
viewpoints of various philosophers and scientists throughout history. The project suggests that change
and constancy can be related to epistemic frameworks according to a pattern referring to the
irreducibility of coherents where change and constancy exist in cohesion. As a consequence, change is
never completely random or absolute. Although a broad variety of factors play a role in framework
changes, a pattern can be discerned in the sense that some factors play a regulative role, so that change
is dynamic but not arbitrary.Thesis (PhD (Philosophy))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
44
Mqadi, Langalibalele Prince. "A criminological investigation into the treatment of juvenile offenders at Vuma Reform School." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/668.
Abstract:
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS
in the Department of Criminology at the UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND, 1992.The investigation aims at analyzing, describing and explaining the treatment of juvenile offenders committed to Vuma Reform School by various South African juvenile courts. The analytical method of research is used to describe methods and programmes of treatment in order to gain insight into the treatment programme of Vuma Reform School. The documentary study technique, supplemented with an unstructured interview technique is used to analyse data consisting of one-hundred juveniles and sixty-six officials - The farmer were committed to the reform school between January 1988 and May 1990, and the officials are in employment by June 1990. Two institutions form the basis of treatment of juvenile offenders, namely the juvenile court and the reform school. Findings of the investigations are as fallows :— (a) The juvenile court has a significant role in adjudicating a convicted juvenile. The legal provisions of dealing with such juveniles and presentence investigation reports presented by social workers lay the foundation on which treatment should be based. (b) The majority of juvenile offenders under investigation were convicted of property re1 ated offences and, to a lesser extent, offences against persons and administration of justice. (c) Vuma Reform School's Internal structure consists of four divisions namely, the management, professional, administrative and auxiliary divisions. (d) The majority of personnel at Yuma Reform School are unqualified to carry out the treatment functions of the Reform School. Further, there is no psychological division to carry out psychological methods of treatment and psychological tests; and hence no vocational training programme is provided for. (e) The treatment programme of Vuma Reform School falIs into three phases, namely: admission, treatment and education and preparation for release. Each of these phases has individual programmes. For example, the admission phase has the reception and orientation programme; the treatment and education phase has academic and educational programmes, recreational, religious instruction, food and clothing, and discipline and control programmes. Lastly, the preparation for release phase has leave of absence, family units and correspondence and reconstruction services within the scope of treatment. Recommendations of the investigation are as follows :— (a) The status of the juvenile court should be upgraded, conditions of parental and legal representation of juveniles be reviewed and presentation of the presentence investigation report be made obligatory to all juvenile court trials. (b) Alternative sentences other than whipping be employed more oftenly by juvenile courts. (c) The composition of the Board of Management be broadened and training of personnel be adopted as a matter of policy. (d) The treatment programme of Vuma Reform School be improved by employment of clinical psychologists; provision of literacy classes for juveniles who need functional knowledge; provision of vocational training, improved recreational faci1ities and employment of a chaplain and active involvement of juveniles into the religious instruction programme.
University of Zululand
45
Chisholm, Linda. "Reformatories and industrial schools in South Africa: a study in class, colour and gender, 1882-1939." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15911.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Arts, 1989.This dissertation explores the establishment of reformatories and industrial schools in South Africa between 1882 and 1939. It focuses on the political and economic context of their emergence; the social and ideological construction of delinquency and the child in need of care; the relationship of the class, colour and gender divisions in the reformatory and industrial school system to the wider racial and sexual division of labour in a colonial order, and the implications and significance of the transfer of these institutions from the Department of Prisons to the Department of Education in 1917 and 1934 respectively Thematically, the study is divided into three parts. Part One composing chapters one. two. three, four, five and six situates the reformatory and industrial school in their political and economic, social and ideological context. Beginning with the origins of the reformatory in the nineteenth century Cape Colony it then shifts focus to the Witwatersrand where the industrial revolution re-shaped and brought into being new social forces and institutions to deal with children defined as delinquent or in need of care. It also examines the place of the reformatory and industrial school in relation to the wider system of legal sanctions and welfare methods established during this period for the white and black working classes by a segregationist state. Part Two comprising chapters seven, eight, nine and ten contrasts and compares social practices in the institutions in terms of class, colour and gender between 1911 and 1934. Included here is a consideration of the different methods of discipline and control, conditions, education and training, and system of apprenticeship provided for black and white, male and female inmates Responses of inmates to institutionalisation are explored in the final chapter of this section. The third section comprises chapters eleven (a) and (b) and chapter twelve These chapters expand on themes developed in earlier sections for the period 1934-1939. Shifts in criminological thinking and changing strategies towards juvenile delinquency in the nineteen thirties are considered in chapters eleven a) and b). The final chapter examines the nature and significance of the changes brought about particularly by Alan Paton in the African reformatory, Diepkloof, between 1934 and 1939 The conclusion provides an overview of the main arguments of each section.
46
Goldingay, Sophie. "Separation or mixing : issues for young women prisoners in Aotearoa New Zealand prisons : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Work in the University of Canterbury /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3740.
47
Roper, Shani. "'A Almshouse Ting Dat': Developments in Poor Relief and Child Welfare in Jamaica during the Interwar Years." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/71686.
Abstract:
This dissertation examines the development of poor relief and child welfare policy in Jamaica during the interwar years. It establishes the paradigms for accessing relief and how this influenced broader discussions of poverty, class and citizenship in society. As such it shows how these concerns about poverty, in the public sphere, influenced state policy as it related to tackling juvenile delinquency and destitution in society.
Currently, the historiography of the 1930s emphasizes the role of labor unrest as a propelling force to political change in the Caribbean. My thesis, while accepting this premise, uses the poor relief administration to elaborate upon the response of colonial administrators to pauperism in Jamaica. Financial difficulties restricted the amount of assistance provided to the aged and infirm, single mothers, orphans and juvenile delinquents. Inevitability, access to assistance became tinged with tensions of race, class and gender in the island. I conclude, therefore, that colonial administrators used the poor relief administration to intervene in the dialectic of poverty, class, citizenship and gender especially in the rehabilitation of destitute, displaced and delinquent children.
48
Van, Zyl Maria Johanna Alleta. "Die ontwikkeling en implementering van 'n rehabilitasieprogram vir nywerheid- en verbeteringskole." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6199.
Abstract:
D.Ed.The number of learners sentenced at the children's court and criminal court to reformatory and industrial schools increase annually. The nature of the offences by children is becoming more serious. Today offences like armed robbery, murder, rape and dealing in drugs are common, as opposed to a few years ago when offences like aggressive behaviour, shoplifting, and refusal to do homework or attend school were the norm in these cases. Learners who are sentenced to reformatory and industrial schools must be rehabilitated. This implies that these schools should have a rehabilitation programme in place. The researcher is the manager responsible for reformatory and industrial schools in the Mpumalanga Department of Education. It is in this capacity the researcher noted that these schools do not have suitable rehabilitation programmes available for these learners. The aim of the research was to establish themes to be included in rehabilitation programmes for reformatory and industrial schools. The research design is qualitative, explorative and descriptive. The research method is divided into three phases. The first phase applied a situational analysis to establish the themes of the rehabilitation programme. In phase two the information obtained was organised into categories and subcategories. The following main themes were identified: • problematic view of the self; • problematic view of parents of the learner; and • problematic view of the future. The third was to develop a rehabilitation programme and implement it at the reformatory and industrial schools in the Mpumalanga Province. The development of the programmes was based on the developmental approach. This approach ensures that the focus is placed on the strong positive aspects of the learner during the rehabilitation programme. The learners develop skills to identify their own problems and to solve the identified problems. The aim of the rehabilitation programme is to achieve the following: • the learner must demonstrate an understanding of his/her problematic situation; • the learner must form new meanings; • reformulation of norms and values need to take place; and • self-acceptance and a focus on the future must take place. For the successful implementation of the rehabilitation programme the researcher acts as the provincial coordinator. A provincial multidisciplinary team consisting of the following people assists the provincial coordinator: principlas from reformatory and industrial schools and the psychologist of each school. The personnel members of each school are utilised as facilitators of the rehabilitation programme. The rehabilitation programme is presented to groups of learners. Techniques like story telling, dramatisation, group work, competitions, and games are used in this programme. The learner starts the rehabilitation programme the day he/she is admitted to the school. The programme is complete when the learner is rehabilitated and ready to be placed back in the community. This occurs when he can accept himself and is able to strive towards realistic future expectations and success.
49
Hainze, Emily Harker. "Wayward Reading: Women's Crime and Incarceration in the United States, 1890-1935." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8QC03W7.
Abstract:
This dissertation, “Wayward Reading: Women’s Crime and Incarceration in the United States, 1890-1935” illuminates the literary stakes of a crucial, yet overlooked, moment in the history of American incarceration: the development of the women’s prison and the unique body of literature that materialized alongside that development.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, the women’s prison became a testing ground for the study of women’s sexuality: social scientists sought to assimilate their “patients” into gendered and racialized citizenship by observing the minutiae of women’s everyday lives and policing their sexual and social associations. Ultimately, this experimental study of women’s sexuality served to reinforce racial stratification: sociologists figured white women’s waywardness as necessitating rescue and rehabilitation into domesticity, and depicted black women’s waywardness as confirming their essential criminality, justifying their harsher punishment and consignment to contingent labor. I argue that women’s imprisonment also sparked another kind of experimentation, however, one based in literary form. A wide range of writers produced a body of literature that also focused on the “wayward girl’s” life trajectory. I contend that these authors drew on social science’s classificatory system and cultural authority to offer alternate scales of value and to bring into focus new forms of relationship that had the potential to unsettle the color line. In Jennie Gerhardt, for instance, Theodore Dreiser invokes legitimate kinship outside the racialized boundaries of marriage, while women incarcerated in the New York State Reformatory for Women exchanged love poetry and epistles that imagine forms of romance exceeding the racial and sexual divides that the prison sought to enforce. Wayward Reading thus draws together an unexpected array of sociological, legal and literary texts that theorize women’s crime and punishment to imagine alternate directions that modern social experience might take: popular periodicals such as the Delineator magazine, criminological studies by Frances Kellor and Katharine Bement Davis, the poetry and letters of women incarcerated at the New York State Reformatory for Women, and novels by W.E.B Du Bois and Theodore Dreiser.
To understand how both social difference and social intimacy were reimagined through the space of the women’s prison, I model what I call “wayward” reading, tracing the interchange between social scientific and literary discourses. I draw attention to archives and texts that are frequently sidelined as either purely historical repositories (such as institutional case files from the New York State Reformatory) or as didactic and one-dimensional (such as Frances Kellor’s sociological exploration of women’s crime), as well as to literary texts not traditionally associated with women’s imprisonment (such as W.E.B. Du Bois’ The Quest of the Silver Fleece). Reading “waywardly” thus allows me to recover a diverse set of aesthetic experiments that developed alongside women’s imprisonment, and also to reconsider critical assumptions about the status of “prison writing” in literary studies. A number of critics have outlined the prison as a space of totalizing dehumanization that in turn reflects a broader logic of racialized domination structuring American culture. As such, scholars have read literary texts that describe incarceration as either enforcing or critiquing carceral violence. However, by turning our attention to the less-explored formation of the women’s prison, I argue that authors mobilized social science not only to critique the prison’s violence and expose how it produced social difference, but also to re-envision the relationships that comprised modern social life altogether.
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Webber, Megan. ""Ground Honest in the Reform Mill": The Theory and Experience of Reformation in the Philanthropic Society and Refuge for the Destitute, c.1788-1830." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3944.
Abstract:
This thesis is an investigation of the Philanthropic Society (est. 1788) and Refuge for the Destitute (est. 1804), two subscription charities established to prevent crime and reform members of the “criminal underclass” in London, England. This thesis engages the perspectives of both benefactors and beneficiaries, arguing that beneficiaries (or “objects”) were not passive participants in the charitable exchange, but actively sought to manipulate the institutions’ systems to secure their own desires —desires which did not always align with those of their benefactors. The introductory chapter explores the social, economic, and political conditions which led benefactors to create the institutions and which informed their aims and methods. The first chapter examines the strategies used by objects to secure charitable aid on their own terms. The post-institutional conduct of beneficiaries is the focus of the final chapter. Despite the intensive reformatory regimen of the Philanthropic and Refuge, a significant proportion of beneficiaries —at least one third— refused to fulfill benefactors’ expectations that they become law-abiding, industrious, and pious citizens. From the day of their application to the institutions to long after their departure, objects’ actions were informed by their own expectations and desires.Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)