Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reform

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Academic literature on the topic 'Reform'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Reform"

1

Rakić-Vodinelić, Vesna. "Unconstitutional "reform" of the judiciary reform." Pravni zapisi 1, no. 2 (2010): 412–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pravzap1002412r.

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Norkus, Zenonas. "Agrarinių reformų Pirmojoje ir Antrojoje Lietuvos respublikose lyginamoji istorinė sociologinė analizė." Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 05–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/socmintvei.2012.1.400.

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Santrauka. Straipsnyje lyginamos tarpukario ir pokomunistinės agrarinių reformų pradinės sąlygos, eiga ir rezultatai, šį diachroninį palyginimą praplečiant ir kontroliuojant sinchroniniais palyginimais su analogiškais procesais kitose Rytų ir Vidurio Europos šalyse tarpukario ir pokomunistiniais laikais. Svarbiausius abiejų reformų panašumus lėmė 1949–51 m. kolektyvizacija, visus Lietuvos žemdirbius pastačiusi į padėtį, kurioje iki 1922 m. reformos buvo dvarų darbininkai kumečiai, kurie dalį atlyginimo gaudavo natūra – ordinarija. Jos dalis buvo dvaro inventoriumi bei gyvuliais dirbamas dvaro žemės sklypas, analogiškas kolūkiečių asmeninių pagalbinių ūkių sklypams. Skirtingai nuo Rusijos, Lietuvos kolūkiečiai nebuvo kolūkių baudžiauninkai, o tik kumečiai. Kaip ir dvarų iki 1922 m. reformos darbininkams, sovietiniams kumečiams buvo taikomas represinis darbo jėgos kontrolės režimas, suteikęs kolektyvinių ūkių vadovams faktinę „raudonųjų baronų“ galią. Pagrindiniai tarpukario reformų Rytų Europos šalyse tikslai buvo anksčiau privilegijuotų tautinių mažumų galios apribojimas ir bolševizmo įtakos slopinimas. Tik Baltijos šalyse ji neturėjo neigiamų ekonominių pasekmių, ką Lietuvoje užtikrino kartu su dvarų parceliacija vykęs kaimų skirstymasis į vienkiemius. Palyginti su tarpukario reforma, pokomunistinė agrarinė reforma buvo mažiau nuosekli, nes jos eigą lėmė interesų konfliktas tarp naujos sovietinių kumečių kartos, suinteresuotų įprastų darbo vietų išsaugojimu, ir išėjusių į miestus buvusių žemės savininkų palikuonių. Kadangi Lietuva buvo viena tų pokomunistinių šalių, kuriose stipresnė buvo antroji stovykla, čia buvo įgyvendinta radikali restitucinė žemės reforma ir šeiminį ūkį restauruojanti de-kolektyvizacija. Dėl sovietmečiu įvykusios vienkiemių likvidacijos ir demografinių pokyčių, ji negrąžino Lietuvos kaimo ir žemės ūkio į 1940 m., bet sukūrė būklę, labiau primenančią Lietuvos kaimo situaciją iki 1922 m. reformos: gausus mažažemių („trihektarininkų“) sluoksnis, gatviniai kaimai (buvusios kolūkinės gyvenvietės), fragmentuota žemės valdų struktūra, iš žemės ūkio bendrovių (ŽŪB) išaugę arba naujai besikuriantys latifundiniai ūkiai, primenantys ikireforminius dvarus. Pačių ŽŪB, įsikūrusių kolūkių gamybiniuose centruose, pokomunistinė raida analogiška 1922 m. reformos apkarpytų dvarų, kurių nuosavybėje liko jų centrai, likimui: dauguma bankrutavo ir buvo išvaržyti, tačiau dalis virto konkurencingomis kapitalistinėms žemės ūkio įmonėmis. Savo ekonominiais rezultatais tarpukario reforma pranoksta pokomunistinę, nes po jos ir bendra žemės ūkio gamybos apimtis, ir jos produktyvumas tik augo, tuo tarpu kai pirmuoju pokomunistinės transformacijos dešimtmečiu abu rodikliai smuko. Ekskomunistinės kairės propaguota nuosaiki agrarinė reforma nebūtų leidusi išvengti gamybos apimties smukimo, nes tą apimtį užtikrino vėlyvuoju sovietmečiu žemės ūkiui sudarytos „ekonominio šiltnamio“ sąlygos (dosnios subsidijos) ir neribota paklausa. Tačiau nuosaikesnė ar palaipsnė reforma veikiausiai būtų leidusi jau pirmajame dešimtmetyje padidinti žemės ūkio gamybos produktyvumą. Lietuvai tapus ES nare ir jos žemės ūkiui vėl patekus į „ekonominį šiltnamį“, žemės ūkio veikla nebegali būti vertinama vien ekonominiais masteliais. Matuojant pokomunistinės agrarinės reformos padarinius Lietuvoje gamtosaugos vertybėmis, jie yra labai pozityvūs.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: 1922 m. žemės reforma Lietuvoje, pokomunistinė agrarinė reforma Lietuvoje, represinė darbo jėgos kontrolė, tarptautinis tarpukario ir pokomunistinių agrarinių reformų palyginimas.Key words: Land reform in Lithuania in 1922, post-communist agrarian reform ir Lithuania, repressive control of labour, international comparison of the interwar and post-communist agrarian reforms.ABSTRACTA COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AGRARIAN REFORMS IN THE FIRST AND THE SECOND REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIAThe paper compares the initial conditions, the course and the outcomes of the interwar (1922) and the post-communist (since 1989) agrarian reforms in Lithuania, controlling and enlarging these diachronic comparisons with synchronic comparisons of the analoguos processes in other Eastern and Central European countries at the same times. Most important similarities between both reforms were created by the collectivization in 1948–1951, which for all Lithuaniam tillers shaped the condition in which before the 1922 reform the wage workers (kumečiai) at the large estates were living and working. They received in money only part of their salaries. Another part was paid in kind, including a land plot which was cultivated using the inventory and draught animals provided by landlord. This is quite similar to the small plots allocation for personal use to collective farms workers, and how they were cultivated. However, differently from the workers of collective farms in Russia, who untill late 1960s had no passports, Lithuanian collective farmers were not made serfs, because the passportization of Lithuanian countryside population was implemented by Soviet auhorities as part of their efforts to suppress resistance movement. Similarly to agrarian wage workers before 1922, collective farm workers were subject to the repressive labour force control regime, providing for managers of collective farms the de facto power of „red barons“. Main aims of the interwar agrarian reforms were the restriction of power of the formerly privileged minorities and suppression of Communism. However, only in the Baltic States the reforms had no negative economic outcomes. In Lithuania, such outcomes were preempted by the dispersion of villages into individual settlement farms, which proceeded along with the parcellization of large estates. Comparing with interwar reform, post-communist agrarian reform was less consistent, because its course was under heavy impact of the interest conflict between the new generation of the collective farms workers, interested to keep their working places, and those descendants of the former land owners, who left villages for cities. As far as Lithuania was one of those post-communist countries, where second group was stronger, in this country a radical restitutive land reform was implemented along with the de-collectivization which has restored family farming. However, because of the interjacent liquidation of the individual settlements (re-concentration of rural population in the villages) and demographic changes in the Communist time, it did restore in the Lithuanian countryside and agriculture the status quo of 1940. Rather, it has created the state that is more reminiscent of situation in the Lithuanian countryside before the agrarian reform of 1922: broad social stratum of small plots (3 ha) owners; villages; a fragmented land ownership structure; and large farms reminiscent of landed estates before 1922 reform. While some of them are new ventures (e.g. huge swine-breeding farms, operated by foreignly owned agrobusiness), many emerged out of agricultural partnerships, which were the fragments of the former collective farms. They were established by former collective workers to operate technological complexes of former collective farms which were too large for using by family farms. The evolution of these remainders of collective farms is similar to the evolution of the former landlord farms after their landholdings were reduced by agrarian reform of 1922. The reform left in ownership of the landlords the buildings and other estate with part of land (up to 80–150 ha). Most of these residual estates went bankrupt and were sold in parts at auctions, while some of the survived becoming competitive agricultural enterprises. Similarly, most efficient partnerships survived, expanded and became competitive large-scale corporate capitalist agricultural enterprises. The economic outcomes of the interwar reform are superior to those of post-communist reform: after the first reform, both the general agricultural output and the productivity increased, while both indicators decreased during the first decade of the post-communist agrarian reform. Ex-communist Left in Lithuania promoted moderate agrarian reform, involving transformation of collective farms into the private corporate capitalist agricultural companies. The author argues that such reform would not be able to prevent the reduction in output, because the output as of in 1989 was possible only under economic hothouse conditions of the late Soviet time for agriculture (lavish subsidies, unlimited demand, „price scissors“ favouring agriculture). However, most probably, a more gradual reform would help to increase the agricultural productivity already during its first decade. After Lithuania was accepted to EU and its agriculture is in the „economic hothouse“ again, the agricultural activites cannot be assessed only by economic criteria alone. If the outcomes of the post-communist agrarian reform are assessed by values of ecology, they are very positive indeed.
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Sioshansi, Fereidoon P. "Electricity market reform and 'reform of the reforms'." International Journal of Global Energy Issues 29, no. 1/2 (2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgei.2008.016339.

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Braun, Kazimierz. "Druga Reforma Teatru – Prolegomena." Tematy i Konteksty 18, no. 13 (December 28, 2023): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.2023.20.

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Historia teatru XX wieku wyróżnia dwie reformy teatru. Pierwsza z nich toczyła się od końcowych lat XIX wieku do końca lat trzydziestych XX w. Druga zaś od połowy lat pięćdziesiątych do końca lat osiemdziesiątych tegoż wieku. Były to ruchy odnowy i uwspółcześnienia sztuki teatru. Rozpoczynane przez indywidualnych artystów i niewielkie grupy, wspomagane przez dramatopisarzy i teoretyków, którymi byli często sami twórcy, obie reformy stopniowo docierały do coraz szerszych obszarów życia teatralnego. Pierwsza z tych reform zwana była przez wiele lat „Wielką Reformą Teatru”, a otrzymała tę nazwę przez analogię z „Wielką Wojną”, lub „Wielką Wojną Światową”, jak zwana była wojna lat 1914-1918. Gdy w roku 1939 wybuchła i stopniowo rozszerzała się na cały świat następna wielka wojna, uzyskała ona nazwę „Druga Wojna Światowa”. A wtedy ta poprzednia, „Wielka Wojna” zaczęła być nazywana „Pierwszą Wojną Światową”. Analogicznie, gdy w latach pięćdziesiątych narodził się nowy ruch odnowy teatru, który obejmował stopniowo wiele krajów, narastała świadomość, że jest to kolejna, już druga w XX wieku, reforma teatru. W tej sytuacji „Wielka Reforma Teatru” zaczęła być nazywana „Pierwszą Reformą Teatru”, zaś ta następna reforma „Drugą Reformą Teatru”. Mówimy więc o „Pierwszej (Wielkiej) Reformie Teatru” i o „Drugiej Reformie Teatru”. (W dalszym ciągu tych rozważań nie będą już potrzebne cudzysłowy). Pierwsza Reforma Teatru uznała widowisko teatralne za dzieło sztuki, podobnie jak dzieła sztuk plastycznych egzystujące niezależnie od obserwującego go widza. Druga Reforma Teatru taktowała widowisko jako międzyludzki proces ukształtowany artystycznie. Mówiąc o tych dwóch reformach – mówimy o teatrze, którego już nie ma. Tym bardziej należy utrwalać pamięć o nim.
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Stojanović, Nataša. "Reform of inheritance law in the Swiss confederation (reform phase I)." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 62, no. 99 (2023): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-46630.

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In this paper, the author sheds light on the 2020 reform of the Swiss inheritance law, which was instituted by amending the succession law provisions of the Civil Code of the Swis Confederation (2020). The new provisions have been in force since January 2023. The research on this subject matter is aimed at determining the scope and the quality of the revised Swiss legislation on intestate succession. To this effect, the author focuses on a number of new provisions related to statutory heirs: reduction of the children's protected share (forced heir ship portion of the decedent's descendants); abolition of the parents' protected share (forced portion of the decedent's parents); loss of the forced portion for the surviving spouse or same-sex partner in a registered civil partnership in case the divorce proceeding or the proceeding for dissolving a registered civil partnership has been initiated but a spouse or a registered civil partner dies before the proceeding is terminated; a qualitatively different concept of contractual freedom embodied in inheritance contracts; the impact of the "three-pillar system" of the Swiss pension and disability insurance on the exercise and protection of the right to forced portion; changes and nomotechnical improvements of provisions concerning the order of gratuitous donations from which the forced heirs' portion is settled. For the purposes of this paper, the author applied the dogmatic legal science research method, the normative legal research method, and the legal history research method. In the author's opinion, the new provisions on intestate succession are largely aimed at ensuring a greater freedom of testamentary disposition of gratuitous donations, both inter vivos and mortis causa. However, the new legal solutions seem to be insufficiently aligned with the social circumstances in contemporary Switzerland because the right to statutory inheritance is not recognised to an extramarital partner, whereas it is granted to a spouse or a same-sex partner from a registered civil partnership, even though extramarital partnerships are equally present in real life as marriage and registered same-sex partnerships.
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Chvosta, Peter. "„Reforma stulecia” sądownictwa administracyjnego w Austrii – „nowa era” także dla sądownictwa administracyjnego w państwach młodej demokracji w Europie?" Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 98 (April 14, 2022): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.98.03.

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Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie założeń i skutków reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego w Austrii z 2012 r. (Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeits-Novelle 2012). Reformę tę określa się w Austrii mianem „reformy stulecia”, ponieważ była ona wynikiem największej i najdalej idącej zmiany w austriackiej konstytucji od czasu jej wejścia w życie w 1920 r. Reforma ta była długo dyskutowana, jednak ze względu na niechęć polityków austriackich do reform w tej dziedzinie, nie była ona już w istocie ani spodziewana, ani oczekiwana. Pojęcie „reformy stulecia” odzwierciedla również zdumienie szczęśliwym window of opportunity w austriackiej polityce, które pozwoliło na wdrożenie tej długo oczekiwanej reformy. Sformułowanie to nie powinno jednak przesłaniać faktu, że reforma sądownictwa administracyjnego w Austrii nie była w kontekście międzynarodowym szczególną innowacją: polegała ona raczej na w znacznej mierze spóźnionym dostosowaniu go do standardów międzynarodowych, aktualnych w innych państwach europejskich wiele lat wcześniej. Niemniej jednak reorganizacja systemu ochrony prawnej obejmuje również zmiany, które faktycznie stanowią w Austrii „nowy grunt”. W kolejnych częściach opracowania, po dokonaniu przeglądu rozwoju historycznego oraz podstaw i ram „nowego” sądownictwa administracyjnego pod względem organizacyjnym i proceduralnym, przedstawiono bardziej szczegółowo charakterystyczne cechy obecnego systemu ochrony prawnej w Austrii.
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García Roca, Javier. "De la revisión de las Constituciones: Constituciones nuevas y viejas." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 40 (January 17, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.40.2017.20908.

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El liberalismo fue demasiado prudente al regular los procedimientos. El constitucionalismo democrático debe seguir requisitos más accesibles y desdramatizar la reforma como una herramienta ordinaria. Pero la cuestión no depende de la rigidez sino de unas condiciones materiales que hagan posible la reforma. Rígida no es irreformable. La desaparición de la resiliencia constitucional marca el momento de la reforma. Sin embargo, este problema central no es jurídico: la capacidad de una mayoría de encontrar aliados y erigir un pacto constitucional. La reforma es una decisión política. La tramitación demanda mayorías cualificadas, deliberación y participación, pero el poder de reforma es constituido y el referendo no resulta indefectible, si la cuestión no afecta a decisiones políticas básicas. Las constituciones escritas son hoy rígidas: la verdadera distinción surge entre constituciones nuevas y viejas. Las viejas o estáticas son simbólicas y dejan su especificación a mutaciones judiciales, interpretaciones manipuladoras o a vías de hecho. La reforma recuerda al pueblo su soberanía y revitaliza la democracia representativa; mas donde no existe una cultura de la negociación tampoco puede haberla de la reforma. El escenario de pluralismo de constituciones está transformando nuestras constituciones nacionales y debería tener consecuencias en correlativas reformas constitucionales al ritmo en que avanza la integración supranacional.Liberal constitutionalism has been too cautious in regulation of constitutional reform proceedings. Democratic constitutionalism should follow easier requirements and simple procedures. It is necessary to normalise constitutional reform as an ordinary tool. However, constitutional review does not depend on legal rigidity but on certain material conditions that make reforms possible. When constitutional resilience disappears the moment of the reform seems to have arrived. Yet this is not a legal issue, but depends on the capacity of a majority to gain allies in order to reach a constitutional arrangement. Reform is always a political decision. However, legal proceedings require qualified majorities, democratic deliberation and political engagement, but being the reform a pouvoir constitué a referendum is not always necessary, if essential political decisions are not involved. Written constitutions are nowadays rigid, the true difference comes between new and old constitutions. Old or static constitutions are symbolic and leave their development either to judicial review, or even to some forced interpretations by public powers or the impact of simple facts in realities. Constitutional reform reminds citizens their popular sovereignty and strengthens representative democracy. Nevertheless, in those countries were a culture of negotiation does not exist, a culture of constitutional reform cannot exist too. The present-day scenario of multilevel constitutional pluralism is transforming domestic constitutions, and this phenomenon must have consequences in the promotion of regular internal constitutional reforms at the same rhythm as the advance of supranational integration.
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McCuskey, Elizabeth Y. "ERISA Reform as Health Reform." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 3 (2020): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520958868.

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If federal health reforms continue to rely on employer-sponsored health care coverage, ERISA preemption reform should be part of the next steps. State-level reform has acquired greater urgency, while the justifications for preempting that source of reform has eroded. This article recommends a statutory waiver for ERISA preemption as a feasible way to adapt to these circumstances. It offers proposed statutory text for reformers inclined to pursue ERISA reform as health reform.
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Andrews, Matthew. "Public Budget Reform and Reform Failure in a Market Model." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569201x15668905707122.

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Abstract Budgeting theories have not been able to explain why reforms have a limited influence on the budgeting process [JOYCE, 1993]. The current paper proposes a market-based theory of budget reform, which combines the public choice model with new institutional dunking, in the spirit of authors like Kraan [1996]. The dieory unfolds into specific hypodieses about the way in which reform adoption is dependent on the authority of budgeting bureaucrats to adopt reforms, the level of reform acceptance among these bureaucrats and politicians, and the ability of bureaucrats to adopt the reforms. The first two factors, authority and acceptance, are argued to be more important than ability in influencing the level of budget reform adoption.
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Lipton, Michael. "Market, Redistributive and Proto-Reform: Can Liberalization Help the Poor?" Asian Development Review 13, no. 01 (January 1995): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110595000017.

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In early modernization, reforms can remove arbitrary privilege—both freeing markets and helping the poor. Later, there is tension between redistributive and market reforms. The paper explores reform options by contrasting recent Asian experience with earlier experiences of Europe, especially Britain. The two great accelerations in world poverty reduction—Europe’s in 1750-1950, Asia’s since 1950—saw sharply increasing salience of redistributive reform. In 1950-75, such reform often proved disappointing for want of market reform; gains leaked to the rich and to bureaucrats via rent-seeking. Yet the reaction toward purely market reforms since 1980 has also disappointed many developing countries, because the decline in redistributive reforms has left many poor people without access to markets, land, or education. Market reforms often require land reform and / or “children’s reform” in order to succeed. Recent evidence confirms robust, positive relationships between reduced inequality and subsequent faster growth. In some policy areas (e.g., bequests taxation), incentives may benefit from redistributive reform.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reform"

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Strujytė, Julija. "Švietimo skyriaus vaidmuo įgyvendinant švietimo reformas: Joniškio rajono savivaldybės administracijos Švietimo ir sporto skyriaus atvejis." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140716_091700-10915.

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Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas Joniškio rajono savivaldybės administracijos Švietimo ir sporto skyriaus vaidmuo įgyvendinant švietimo reformas. Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo tyrimo tikslas - identifikuoti Švietimo skyriaus vaidmenį įgyvendinant švietimo reformas, remiantis Joniškio rajono Savivaldybės administracijos Švietimo ir sporto skyriaus atvejo analizė. Baigiamojo darbo teorinėje dalyje analizuojama švietimo reformos įgyvendinimo samprata vietos savivaldos lygmeniu, t.y. viešojo valdymo reformos samprata pokyčių valdymo kontekste, švietimo reformos samprata (sąsajos su kaitos procesais, inovacijomis, užsienio šalių reformų lyginamoji analizė), taip pat vietos savivaldos institucijų veikla reformų įgyvendinimo kontekste. Baigiamojo bakalauro darbo empirinėje dalyje tiriamas Švietimo skyriaus darbuotojų požiūris apie Švietimo reformų įgyvendinimą bei tai kokį vaidmenį reformų įgyvendinime atlieka Joniškio rajono administracijos Švietimo ir sporto skyrius. Taip pat tyrimo metu paaiškėjo ir darbuotojų nuomonė dėl galimų švietimo sistemos pokyčių, t.y. kokių lūkesčių darbuotojai turi būtent švietimo sistemai. Empirinėje dalyje pateikiama ir teisės aktų reglamentuojančių Švietimo skyriaus veiklą analizė (darbuotojų pareigybių aprašai, švietimo strategijos, nuostatai, švietimo gairės). Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad švietimo skyriaus darbuotojai Švietimo skyriaus veiklą reformų įgyvendinimo procese vertina teigiamai ir mano, kad švietimo politikos įgyvendinimas vietos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The role of Department of Education in implementing education reforms in Joniskis municipality administration is being analyzed in the final thesis. The research objectives of the Bachelor thesis is to identify the role of Department of Education in implementing education reforms, based on case study of the Department of Education and Sports of Joniskis municipality administration. In the theoretical part of the final thesis the concept of education reform implementation is being analyzed within the level of local self-government, that is the concept of public management reform within the context of change management, the concept of educational reform (the interface with the processes of change, innovations, comparative analysis of reforms of foreign countries), as well as the activities of local self-government within the context of reform implementation. In the empirical part of the final thesis the attitudes of the employees working at the Department of Education regarding the implementation of educational reform and what role is undertaken by the Department of Education and Sports of Joniskis municipality administration in the implementation of the reforms are being analyzed. Also the researched revealed what is the employees’ position on the possible changes in the education system, which is what expectations the employees have towards the education system. The empirical part also presents the analysis of legislation regulating the activities of the Department of... [to full text]
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NOZAKI, Kenji, and 謙二 野崎. "Japan’s Economic Structural Reform: Regulatory Reform and Special Zones for Structural Reform." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10878.

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Zhang, Miaofeng. "To reform or not to reform : China's hukou reform at the local level." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56190.

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The Chinese government has issued a series of directives of hukou system reform. However, the strength and depth of the hukou reforms at the local level differ greatly across localities. Some local governments refused to reform, while others implemented local reforms either radically or conservatively. Among those that reformed local system, some decided to suspend or alter it and others continued. Thus, the paper asks what accounts for the variance of hukou system reforms across localities. Specifically, the research question is two-fold: 1) regarding the initiation of reforms, why some local governments implemented radical hukou reform, others partially reformed their hukou policies, and still others did not carry out the reform, and 2) as for the maintenance of reform, why, among those that pursued hukou reform, some decided to suspend or alter it while others continued. The paper adopts the comparative case study method and delves into three cases: Zhengzhou, Hohhot, and Fenghua. Different from existing literature that focuses merely on either incentives or disincentives of local hukou reform, this paper brings the political factors in and argues that it is local leaders’ political decisions based on different degrees of pressure of urbanization from upper level governments and different levels of policy adjustability to costs that cause such divergence. What’s more, I contend that the variance of the adjustability to expected costs leads to different outcomes in maintaining hukou reforms.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Novotná, Kateřina. "Měnová reforma 1953 v Československu jako mnohovrstevný fenomén." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198857.

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The structural topic of the thesis is the monetary reform carried out in 1953 in Czechoslovakia. The central focus is the reform itself, whose main task was to cope with relics of the previous non-socialistic regimes, yet at the same time to solve economic problems of the Czechoslovakia at the beginning of the 1950s. The work then analyses the causes of the monetary reform, preparation phase and its organization. Subsequent part is dedicated to the process of the reform as well as its impact on social, economic, monetary and international domain. The thesis was prepared using archives, contemporary documents, sources of the institutional provenance, professional literature and journalistic sources.
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Liepman, James Morres. "The Prussian Reform Movement: a case study in defense reform." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26187.

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Uthaisang, Pitaya. "Telecommunications reform programme of Thailand : institutionalism and the reform process." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2444/.

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The thesis presents an empirical study of the telecommunications reform experience of Thailand between the mid 1980s and 2000s in an attempt to explain the effect of national institutional arrangements upon the reform process. This time period permits an exploration of the development of the reform as well as its major impediments in relation to three different political settings. The progress of reform on the three basic reform issues (privatisation, liberalisation, and regulation) is thoroughly examined to understand the consequences produced by different industry environments. An historical institutionalist study of the Thai experience identifies the political tensions among the reform's interested parties as well as the unwieldy political settings that were the dominant features that heavily influenced the reform story. The thesis places a special emphasis on the latest political regime (the hegemonic era) since it provided a different industry outlook compared to the previous two regimes (the bureaucratic and pluralistic eras), allowing substantial progress towards reform to be made. The telecommunications reform in Thailand is not complete. Thus, it may be too early to confirm the advantage of the strong politics on the reform in the long run, especially considering the possibilities of rent-seeking or the overuse of political power of the hegemonic govenunent. In any case, the Thai reform experience confirms that an institutionalist framework is helpful, and that institutional arrangements really matter in the policy-formation, policy-implementation and policy-outcome of a particular country.
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VanDuinkerken, Wyoma. "Educational reform in the Tanzimat era (1839-1876), secular reforms in Tanzimat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0013/MQ50582.pdf.

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VanDuinkerken, Wyoma. "Educational reform in the Tanzimat era (1839-1876) : secular reforms in Tanzimat." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21275.

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After a series of reversals in its wars with European powers during the eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire was forced to reevaluate its military technology and training. The realization that the West had outstripped the Muslim East in scientific and technological advancement led Ottoman reformers to introduce changes to the traditional educational system, especially to the curriculum. However, what the reformers soon realized was that the military superiority of Europe was only a symptom, and not the cause of, the West's advancement; this led to the introduction of more Western-style institutions in an effort to achieve its military goals. It was through these new institutions that Western ideas of equality, rationalism and liberalism were introduced into the Ottoman Empire. These imported ideas were bitterly resisted by the ulema, who continued to operate a traditional school system parallel to that developed by the reformers. In spite of their objections, however, the traditional Muslim educational system was forced to undergo a significant metamorphosis both prior to and during the Tanzimat period.
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Zurlinden, Martin. "Reform der Restschuldbefreiung /." Göttingen : Sierke, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015865097&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Pennegård, Kristofer. "En datoriserande reform." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31049.

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Jag har i detta arbete försökt belysa några uppfattningar ledning, personal och elever på en skola har rörande en reform där en gymnasieskola går från ett begränsat antal datorer till en dator per elev. Skolan i fråga befann sig vid undersökningens genomförande i reformens första skede, vilket innebar att det endast var en tredjedel av eleverna som dittills fått sina datorer. Undersökningen har utförts genom intervjustudier med 12 informanter. Dessa studier analyserades sedan genom kvalitativ intervjuanalys, vilken går ut på att lyfta ut de uppfattningar som framgår i intervjuerna formulerade i olika kategorier. Uppfattningarna har sedan jämförts med varandra samt med annan forskning på området.Resultatet undersökningen visar på många likheter mellan den undersökta skolan och andra skolor med en dator per elev. Något som framgår är att mottagandet av reformen till största del är positivt och att man genom att göra det till en pedagogisk satsning, i stället för en teknisk sådan, kunnat erbjuda personalen ett stort utbud av fortbildningar. Detta har lett till att samtliga intervjuade lärare börjat förändra sitt sätt att undervisa för att bättre använda sig av de nya verktygen. Brister som framgår i reformarbetet är att lärarna inte alltid ges tillräckligt med utrymme för att tillgodogöra sig fortbildningen och att elever och lärare uppfattar en oförmåga att begränsa elevernas användande av sociala medier och annan underhållning på lektionstid som ett stort problem. Detta visar sig vara ett orosmoment på många skolor med en dator per elev (Unos uno, 2013a). Man framhåller i forskning och från informanterna att det krävs satsningar från skolan i form av datoretikett eller annan reglering för att överkomma problemet.Något som också kan behöva utvecklas på skolan är det kollegiala samarbetet vilket av skolutvecklingsforskning framhålls som ytterst viktigt för att reformer ska bli lyckade. Som det ser ut för tillfället sker majoriteten av samarbete lärare emellan på det sätt som av Blossing (2003) benämner särbokultur och Hargreaves (1998) kallar för en balkaniserad skola.Slutligen ska det tilläggas att reformarbetet fortfarande är i ett tidigt skede och att det går att förklara många av de brister som framkommer i mitt resultat med just detta. Detta gör dock inte att bristerna försvinner, utan detta är någonting man kommer att ha möjlighet att ta itu med så snart man har resurser att göra så.
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Books on the topic "Reform"

1

1942-, Monkkonen Eric H., ed. Reform. Munich: K.G. Saur, 1992.

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Board, Congresswoman Anna G. Eshoo's Student Advisory. Campaign finance reform & election reform. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. House of Representatives, 2002.

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Wilson, Michael H. Tax reform 1987: Sales tax reform. Canada: Dept. of Finance, Canada, 1987.

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Canada. Department of Finance. Tax reform 1987: Sales tax reform. Ottawa: Department of Finance, 1987.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance. Sales tax reform : tax reform 1987. [Ottawa]: Dept. of Finance, 1987.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance. Tax reform 1987 : sales tax reform. Ottawa: Dept. of Finance, 1987.

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Canada. Department of Finance. Tax reform 1987: Income tax reform. Ottawa: Department of Finance, 1987.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance. Tax reform 1987 : sales tax reform. Ottawa: Canada Dept. of Finance = Ministère des finances, 1987.

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H, Wilson Michael. Income tax reform: Tax reform 1987. [Ottawa]: Dept. of Finance Canada, 1987.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance. Tax reform 1987: Income tax reform. Ottawa: Dept. of Finance, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reform"

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Storz, Henning, and Carolin Reißlandt. "Reform der Reform?" In Staatsbürgerschaft im Einwanderungsland Deutschland, 127–33. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95025-3_9.

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Sowada, Moritz G., and Kathrin Dedering. "Die Reform der Reform." In Schulinspektion als Steuerungsimpuls?, 169–99. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10872-4_5.

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Wang, Xiaoqiang, and Nanfeng Bai. "Reform." In The Poverty of Plenty, 93–132. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10843-5_5.

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Stammen, Theo. "Reform." In Goethe Handbuch, 886–87. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03656-8_85.

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Teubner, Werner. "Reform." In Wörterbuch der Mikropolitik, 227–31. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11890-9_98.

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Leaman, Oliver. "Reform." In Routledge Handbook of Jewish Ritual and Practice, 248–56. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003032823-20.

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Craig, James. "Reform." In Shemlan, 54–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14413-6_5.

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Ryzin, Mark J. Van. "Reform." In Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology, 791–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71799-9_348.

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Jevons, F. R. "Reform." In The Teaching of Science, 131–66. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003311089-5.

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Tribe, Keith. "Reform." In Political Reason and the Language of Change, 23–43. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003206675-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reform"

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Drljača, Miroslav, and Sanja Zambelli. "Sustav upravljanja kvalitetom u javnoj upravi Republike Hrvatske." In Kvaliteta-jučer, danas, sutra (Quality-yesterday, today, tomorrow), edited by Miroslav Drljača. Croatian Quality Managers Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52730/kcus3415.

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Sažetak: Neučinkovitost javne uprave redovito se ističe kao jedan od najvažnijih razloga loše pozicije Republike Hrvatske na globalnoj ljestvici konkurentnosti. Često spominjana reforma u političkim programima reforma je javne uprave. Javna uprava obuhvaća tijela državne uprave, tijela jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave i pravne osobe koje imaju javne ovlasti (javnopravna tijela). Republika Hrvatska donijela je 2015. godine Strategiju razvoja javne uprave za razdoblje 2015. – 2020. godine, kao nastavak reforme javne uprave započete Strategijom reforme državne uprave za razdoblje 2008. – 2011. godine. Strategija ima jasno definiran cilj, utvrđuje poslovne procese javne uprave, govori o standardima kvalitete, donosi metodologiju oblikovanja i provedbe javnih politika, utvrđuje opće i posebne ciljeve. Glavni je cilj Strategije podizanje razine kvalitete javnih usluga radi osiguravanja višeg životnog standarda građana i stvaranje poticajnog poduzetničkog okruženja. Upravljanje kvalitetom u javnoj upravi obuhvaćeno je i dokumentom Nacionalni program reformi, koji je donijela Vlada Republike Hrvatske 2020. godine. U radu autori prezentiraju rezultate nastavka istraživanja sustava upravljanja kvalitetom u javnoj upravi u Republici Hrvatskoj, započeto 2016. godine. Abstract: The inefficiency of public administration is regularly highlighted as one of the most important reasons for the poor position of the Republic of Croatia on the global competitiveness scale. The oft-cited reform in political programs is public administration reform. Public administration includes government bodies, local and regional government and legal subjects which has public authority (public administrative bodies). During the 2015 Republic of Croatia has brought a Strategy of public administration development for the period 2015 – 2020, as a continuation of public administration reform started by Strategy of government administration reform for the period 2008 – 2011. Strategy is clearly defined goal, talk about quality standards, establishes business processes of public administration, suggest methodology for modelling and providing public policies, defined general and specific objectives. The main goal of Strategy is public services quality level increasing because of secure higher standard of living for people and creating stimulating entrepreneurship environment. Quality management in public administration is also included in the document National Reform Program, which was adopted by the Government of the Republic of Croatia in 2020. In this paper the authors present the results of further research of quality management system of public administration in Republic of Croatia, started in 2016.
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Weichel, Christian, John Hardy, Jason Alexander, and Hans Gellersen. "ReForm." In UIST '15: The 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2807442.2807451.

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Xu, Zirui, Fuxun Yu, Chenchen Liu, and Xiang Chen. "ReForm." In DAC '19: The 56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3316781.3324696.

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Wang, Song, Xiao Huang, Chen Chen, Liang Wu, and Jundong Li. "REFORM." In CIKM '21: The 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482470.

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ALIAJ, Besnik, and Ledio ALLKJA. "Issues of the Territorial-Administrative Reform in Albania. A comparative analysis on the progress of reform with other former- ly-centralized economies: Estonia and Moldova, and the need for a more ample and innovative approach." In ISSUES OF HOUSING, PLANNING, AND RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY Towards Euro-Mediterranean Perspectives. POLIS PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000121.

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Albania has gone through different reforms of decentralization and territorial administrative since the 1990s. Especially after 2013, these reforms have reshaped the layout of the local territorial administration in Albania. The outcomes of these reforms nevertheless remain questionable. Additionally, considering the EU integration process, the regionalization reform and the regional development reform are still in a critical juncture. This paper analyses the main events during the territorial administrative reform and the regionalization process in Albania. Its analysis tries to highlight the main issues and some recommendations for future action to deepen decentralization and improve local governance in Albania. This is done by comprehensive analysis of the reform based on research and contribution of POLIS University 1 and Co-PLAN Institute for Habitat Development 2 as key local stakeholders. In addition, the Albanian case (Western Balkan Countries) is compared to 2 other case studies of formerly centralized economies (Eastern-Europe) with relatively similar historic stability problematics, economic background, and country/population size, but with geographic location differences (South, North, East) and other differences, such as with regard European integration progress. This includes Estonia (Baltic Countries) and Moldova (Eastern Partnership Countries). Then the comparison is done via i) Local administrative reform; ii) Regionalization and regional development; iii) Analysis of the reform and its challenges; iv) and a matrix-based qualitative conclusion. Albanian case includes desk and field work, while Estonian and Moldavian cases are based on desk research.
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Westphal, Siegrid. "The Reform of Marriage and the “Reformed Marriage”." In Seventh Annnual RefoRC conference. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666570964.45.

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Kolarevic, Branko. "Exploring Architecture of Change." In ACADIA 2009: reForm. ACADIA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.058.

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O’Brien, William. "Approaching Irreducible Formations." In ACADIA 2009: reForm. ACADIA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.259.

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Singer, Peter W. "What Inspires Them: Science Fiction’s Impact on Science Reality." In ACADIA 2009: reForm. ACADIA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.032.

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Strehlke, Kai. "Digital Technologies, Methods, and Tools in Support of the Architectural Development at Herzog & de Meuron." In ACADIA 2009: reForm. ACADIA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.026.

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Reports on the topic "Reform"

1

Boersch-Supan, Axel, and Alexander Ludwig. Old Europe ages: Reforms and Reform Backlashes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15744.

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Rodrik, Dani. Trade Policy Reform as Institutional Reform. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011003.

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Economists are trained to think about trade policy reform in terms of changes in the levels of tariffs and quantitative restrictions and the shifts in relative prices brought about by these alterations.
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Hallerberg, Mark, and Carlos Scartascini. Research Insights: Does Politics Trump the Ability of Having Successful Tax Reforms? Inter-American Development Bank, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005267.

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The probability of tax reform is higher during banking crises. Tax reform is unlikely to occur during election periodseven if the government is facing financing problemsso reforms that seek to raise taxes should be avoided at those times. The ideology of the president does not explain which taxes are reformed, or how they are changed, but the presence of an IMF program does.
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Behrman, Jere R., Nancy Birdsall, and Miguel Székely. Economics Reform and Wage Differentials in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010785.

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This paper develops and applies a new approach to the estimation of the impact of economy-wide reforms on wage differentials, using a new high-quality data set on wage differentials by schooling level for 18 Latin American countries for the period 1980-1998. The results indicate that reform overall has had a short-run disequalizing effect of expanding wage differentials, although this effect tends to fade over time. This disequalizing effect is due to the strong impact of domestic financial market reform, capital account liberalization and tax reform. On the other hand, privatization contributed to narrowing wage differentials, and trade openness had no effect on wage differentials. Technological progress, rather than trade flows, appears to be a channel through which reforms are affecting inequality. The paper also explores the effects of reforms on wage levels; tentative results suggest that reforms have had a positive effect on real average wages, but a negative effect on the wages of less-schooled workers. Keywords: reform, inequality, wages, trade, distribution
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Carmody, Ned F. National Intelligence Reform. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432487.

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Tornell, Aaron. Reform from Within. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6497.

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Kaminski, Paul G. Institutionalizing Standards Reform. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada339247.

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Anderson, James, and J. Peter Neary. Revenue Tariff Reform. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19752.

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Warner, Eugene. NATO Agency Reform. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada543730.

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Tam, Brian, and Alan Walker. Electricity market reform. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn694.

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