Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réflectance lidar de surface'
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Zabukovec, Antonin. "Apport des mesures de la plateforme CALIPSO pour l’étude des sources et des propriétés optiques des aérosols en Sibérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS393.
Full textKnowledge of the distribution and physico-chemical properties of aerosol particles in the troposphere has been identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as the main source of uncertainty in the study of climate change. Characterization of the types, optical properties and vertical distribution of aerosols at the regional scale is needed to reduce this source of uncertainty and some areas such as Siberia are still poorly documented. Aerosol concentrations in Siberia depend on natural sources, such as seasonal forest fires or northward transport of desert dust, but also on anthropogenic sources such as those from hydrocarbon mining areas or long-range transport of emissions from northern China. In order to contribute to the improvement of this characterization of aerosol sources in Siberia, we first analyzed the measurements of two airborne campaigns carried out over distances of several thousand km in July 2013 and June 2017. The aircraft was equipped with a back-scattering lidar at 532 nm, as well as in-situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), black carbon (BC) and aerosol size distributions. These observations were studied in synergy with those of the CALIOP spaceborne lidar and the MODIS and IASI missions. The altitude range of the aerosol layers and the role of age on the optical properties (optical thickness (AOD532), depolarization, color ratio) are discussed for each type of aerosol. The results of a flight over the gas extraction regions corresponded to the highest AOD532 and higher BC concentrations than the emissions from urban areas and allowed an estimation of the lidar ratio of these aerosol plumes poorly documented in the literature. The second part of the work consisted in proposing an alternative to the indirect restitution of the AOD532 by the CALIOP instrument from the inversion of the attenuated back-scattering lidar signal. This method uses the surface reflectance of the CALIOP lidar signal and has already been used over oceans or optically opaque liquid water clouds to calculate an AOD value. In this work, we have thus developed and evaluated an AOD restitution from the CALIOP surface reflectance for continental areas. Two methodologies were used to determine the surface lidar reflectance not attenuated by aerosols: (i) selection of CALIOP observations under clear sky conditions over 7 years of observation (ii) extrapolation of the linearity relationship between attenuated surface lidar reflectance and atmospheric transmission. If these two methods give good results in areas of low surface lidar reflectance (< 0.75sr-1), the first method is not usable in desert areas. The use of these LIDAR AOD measured directly over continental surfaces improves the bias (|ME| < 0.034) and dispersion (< 0.145) compared to MODIS observations. This greatly improves the results of the CALIOP-MODIS comparisons obtained with the indirect restitution of the AODs an analysis of the vertical profiles of attenuated lidar backscatter with a bias < 0.174 and dispersion < 0.234
Morel, Jules. "Surface reconstruction based on forest terrestrial LiDAR data." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0039/document.
Full textIn recent years, the capacity of LiDAR technology to capture detailed information about forests structure has attracted increasing attention in the field of forest science. In particular, the terrestrial LiDAR arises as a promising tool to retrieve geometrical characteristics of trees at a millimeter level.This thesis studies the surface reconstruction problem from scattered and unorganized point clouds, captured in forested environment by a terrestrial LiDAR. We propose a sequence of algorithms dedicated to the reconstruction of forests plot attributes model: the ground and the woody structure of trees (i.e. the trunk and the main branches). In practice, our approaches model the surface with implicit function build with radial basis functions to manage the homogeneity and handle the noise of the sample data points
Venkata, Srikanth, and John Reagan. "Aerosol Retrievals from CALIPSO Lidar Ocean Surface Returns." MDPI AG, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622759.
Full textSarma, Vaibhav Yuan Xiaohui. "Urban surface characterization using LiDAR and aerial imagery." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12196.
Full textSarma, Vaibhav. "Urban surface characterization using LiDAR and aerial imagery." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12196/.
Full textLe, Bras Aurélie. "Etude de l'état de surface des astéroïdes par spectroscopie infrarouge en réflectance." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077139.
Full textAwadallah, Mahmoud Sobhy Tawfeek. "Image Analysis Techniques for LiDAR Point Cloud Segmentation and Surface Estimation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73055.
Full textPh. D.
Flanagin, Maik. "The Hydraulic Spline: Comparisons of Existing Surface Modeling Techniques and Development of a Spline-Based Approach for Hydrographic and Topographic Surface Modeling." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/613.
Full textJack, Landy. "Characterization of sea ice surface topography using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)." Wiley, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31170.
Full textMay 2016
Mutlu, Muge. "Mapping surface fuels using LIDAR and multispectral data fusion for fire behavior modeling." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1118.
Full textHadad, Meriem. "Étude spectroscopique des processus de photodimérisation dans le cristal d'anthracène : influence sur la cohérence excitonique de la surface analysée par réflectivité et fluorescence." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10580.
Full textPoudel, Om Prakash. "Identification of barriers and least cost paths for autonomous vehicle navigation using airborne LIDAR data." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43304.
Full textMaster of Science
Macay, Moreira José Miguel. "Using photogrammetric Digital Surface Model in LiDAR software for creating Three Dimensional Buildings." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14724.
Full textSeo, Suyoung. "Model-Based Automatic Building Extraction From LIDAR and Aerial Imagery." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1048886400.
Full textRoujean, Jean-Louis. "Modélisation des effets bidirectionnels de la réflectance de surface pour la normalisation de données satellitaires de télédétection." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30190.
Full textSchwindling, Myriam. "Modèles et mesures pour l'observation spatiale de la couleur de l'océan : diffusion atmosphérique par les aérosols et réflexion de surface par l'écume." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10116.
Full textArouf, Assia. "Surface longwave cloud radiative effect derived from space lidar observations : application in the Arctic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS173.
Full textClouds play an important role in regulating Earth’s energy budget at the surface. For example, clouds absorb thermal radiation emitted by Earth’s surface and reemit it toward the surface and warming the surface. This can be quantified through surface LongWave (LW) Cloud Radiative Effect (CRE). However, surface LW CRE on a global scale is not well retrieved and its instantaneous and interdecadal variability is poorly known. Indeed, it depends highly on vertical cloud distribution, which is poorly documented globally. In this thesis, we propose to retrieve the surface LW CRE over 13 years (2008 − 2020) at a global scale using Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spaceborne lidar observations. From 1D radiative transfer computations, we establish linear parametrizations between surface LW CRE and cloud properties including cloud altitude. Combining the parametrizations with the cloud observations, we derive two datasets of surface LW CRE, at monthly–2° × 2° gridded scale and instantaneously at full CALIPSO horizontal resolution (90 m cross-track; 330 m along orbit-track). We found that clouds warm the surface by 27.0 W/m2 over the 2008 − 2020 time period at a global scale. Surface LW CRE is particularly important in polar regions such that clouds may have an effect on ice melting. By instantaneously co-locating surface cloud warming and sea ice observations in regions where sea ice varies, we showed that large surface cloud warming values (> 80 W/m2 ) are much more frequent over open water than over sea ice during late Fall. Our results suggest that clouds may delay sea ice freeze-up later into the Fall
Vignaud, Guillaume. "Etude par réflectivité et diffusion des rayons X de la mise en ordre et de la morphologie de surface de films minces de copolymères PS-PBMA." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1017.
Full textDunbar, Tyrone. "An optimal inverse method using doppler lidar measurements to estimate the surface sensible heat flux." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558718.
Full textMora, Omar Ernesto. "Morphology-Based Identification of Surface Features to Support Landslide Hazard Detection Using Airborne LiDAR Data." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429861576.
Full textPreston, Douglas. "Last Two Surface Range Detector for Direct Detection Multisurface Flash Lidar in 90nm CMOS Technology." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright150392243439439.
Full textHuneeus, Nicolas. "Assimilation variationnelle d'observations satellitaires dans un modèle atmosphérique d'aérosols." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Huneeus.pdf.
Full textAbid, Ridha. "La thermoréflectivite du silicium oxyde ; application à la mesure de température à la surface d'un thyristor gto en commutation." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0199.
Full textStawiarski, Christina [Verfasser]. "Optimizing Dual-Doppler Lidar Measurements of Surface Layer Coherent Structures with Large-Eddy Simulations / Christina Stawiarski." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
Full textMalaplate, Alain. "Radiométrie infrarouge : Développement et validation de méthodes utilisant la bande [3-5um] pour la détermination des paramètres de surface à haute résolution spatiale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13227.
Full textMiller, Matthew Lowell. "Analysis of Viewshed Accuracy with Variable Resolution LIDAR Digital Surface Models and Photogrammetrically-Derived Digital Elevation Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35692.
Full textMaster of Science
English, John Thomas. "Effectiveness of extracting water surface slopes from LIDAR data within the active channel : Sandy River, Oregon, USA /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9168.
Full textEnglish, John Thomas 1980. "Effectiveness of Extracting Water Surface Slopes from LiDAR Data within the Active Channel: Sandy River, Oregon, USA." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9168.
Full textThis paper examines the capability of LiDAR data to accurately map river water surface slopes in three reaches of the Sandy River, Oregon, USA. LiDAR data were compared with field measurements to evaluate accuracies and determine how water surface roughness and point density affect LiDAR measurements. Results show that LiDAR derived water surface slopes were accurate to within 0.0047,0.0025, and 0.0014 slope, with adjusted R2 values of 0.35, 0.47, and 0.76 for horizontal intervals of 5, 10, and 20m, respectively. Additionally, results show LiDAR provides greater data density where water surfaces are broken. This study provides conclusive evidence supporting use of LiDAR to measure water surface slopes of channels with accuracies similar to field based approaches.
Committee in Charge: W. Andrew Marcus, Chair; Patricia F. McDowell
Guinard, Stéphane. "Reconstruction et généralisation de complexes simpliciaux à partir de scans lidar de scènes urbaines." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2012.
Full textThanks to their ever improving resolution and accessibility, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) sensors are increasingly used for mapping cities. Indeed, these sensors are able to efficiently capture high-density scans, which can then be used to produce geometrically detailed reconstructions of complex scenes. However, such reconstruction requires organizing the scan with a fitting data structure, such as point clouds or meshes. Point clouds provide such a representation in a compact way, but their discrete nature prevents some applications such as visualization or simulation. Meshes allow for a continuous representation of surfaces, but are not well suited for representing complex objects, whose level of detail can exceed the resolution. To address these limitations, we propose to reconstruct a continuous geometry only where sufficient geometric information is available. This leads us to create a reconstruction mixing triangles, edges and points. We call such collection of objects a simplicial complex. In this thesis, we study the creation of geometrically detailed 3-dimensional (3D) models of urban scenes, based on simplicial complexes. We show that simplicial complexes are a suitable alternative to meshes. Indeed, they are fast to compute, and can be simplified while maintaining high geometric geometric fidelity with respect to the input scan. We argue that simplicial complexes convey valuable geometric information which can in turn be used for the semantization of 3D point clouds. We also think that they can serve as input for multi-scale reconstructions of urban scenes. We first present an efficient algorithm for computing simplicial complexes from LiDAR scans of urban scenes. Since the reconstructed simplicial complexes can be very large, they can be difficult to process on a standard computer. To handle this challenge, we investigate different approaches for their spatial generalization by approximating large and geometrically simple areas with simple primitives. To this end, we propose a new algorithm to compute piecewise-planar approximations of 3D point clouds, based on a global optimization approach. Next, we propose two different applications of simplicial complexes. The first one is a polygonalization method improving the creation of light yet geometrically accurate 3D models. The second one is a weakly-supervisedclassification method using 3D local and global descriptors
Karampelas, Stefanos. "Étude du changement de couleur des perles par traitement." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2021.
Full textThis study demonstrates that natural colors of freshwater cultured pearls from mollusks of the Hyriopsis genus are due to colored mixtures of different pigments and not to a single pigment. This is a mixture of simple polyenes, not carotenoids, with general chemical formula R-(-CH=CH-)n-R’. A mixture of pigments from the same family is observed in colored pearls and/or the shells, from other 13 species. Pearls from the bivalve Pinna are the only pearls found until today with colors due to a mixture of carotenoids. Colored pearls and/or shells from 7 species contain a variety of porphyrins. In some samples it was not possible to identify the exact pigments but only their spectroscopic characteristics. The yellow color of pearls from P. Maxima, P. Fucata and P. Margaritifera is due to the reduction in reflectance from 330 to 460 nm, with peaks at about 355 and 435 nm. Different colors of pearls from P. Margaritifera are the result of a mixture of pigments with absorptions at 405, 435, 460, 495, 530, 585, 625, 650, 700 and 745 nm. The majority of treated-color samples show that treatments may decompose the pearls’ organic matter. Hence, their Raman spectra show broad bands at about 1350 and 1600 cm-1. Moreover, their reflectance spectra show differences in shape and relative intensities of peaks with center at 280 nm compared to the natural-colored samples. Additionally, some treated-color pearls show Raman peaks that have never observed to the natural-colored samples. Distinction between treated- and natural-color pearls strongly depends on the pearls’ mollusk. In some cases a combination of «classical» and advanced non-destructive gemological methods are necessary
Lebga, Noudjoud. "Propriétés structurales, élastiques et optiques de semiconducteurs à grand gap : Les composés B-V, les alliages ZnxCd1-xSe et ZnSe1-xTex, le β-SiC." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132027.
Full textThe thesis has been the subject of an experimental and theoretical study on the large band gap semiconductors with a cubic structure. This work deals with a numerical study only on the B-V compounds and the ZnxCd1-xSe and ZnSe1-xTex alloys for which we employed the virtual crystal approximation provided with the ABINIT program. In the case of β-SiC, we made a comparative study between the numerical results obtained from ab-initio calculation using ABINIT or Wien2k within the Density Functional Theory framework with either Local Density Approximation or Generalized Gradient Approximation for the atomic potentials, and the experimental results obtained in the LPSM laboratory (Paris13, France). The experiments were carried out with the optical spectroscopy methods: Brillouin light scattering, Raman scattering and VIS-IR reflectometry. The physical properties studied are: the second and third order elastic constants, the phonons at the (Γ) point, the permittivity and photoelastic tensors in the VIS-IR range. The variation of the elastic constants is also numerically studied and the phase transformations are discussed in relation to the mechanical stability criteria
Soma, Maxime. "Estimation de la distribution spatiale de surface et de biomasse foliaires de couverts forestiers méditerranéens à partir de nuages de points acquis par un LIDAR terrestre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0111.
Full textTo better understand functioning of forest ecosystems at fine scale, ecophysiological model attempt to include energy and material fluxes. Such exchanges depend on the distribution of vegetation. Hence, these models require a tridimensional (3D) description of vegetation structure, at a level of detail which can only be retrieve with remote sensing at large scale. Terrestrial LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) have a great potential to provide 3D description of vegetation elements in canopy. Previous studies established promising relations between the point density and quantity of vegetation. This work develop these statistical methods, focusing on source of errors. Systematic biases are corrected at branch, tree and plot scales. This study relies on both numerical simulations and field experiments. First, we test estimators on branches in laboratory conditions. On this natural vegetation, estimators are sensitive to voxel size and distance from instrument with phase-shift LiDAR. Developed corrections from this branch experiment are valid at tree scale. However, difficulties arising from sampling limitations due to occlusion and instrument sampling pattern cause negative biases in dense areas. Specific investigations are conducted to identify source of errors and to optimize multiscan estimations. A statistical method called LAD-kriging, based on spatial correlation within vegetation, improves local accuracy of estimations and limits underestimations due to occlusion. The tools produced in this work allow to map vegetation at plot scale by providing unbiased estimator of leaf area. Some of these tools are currently implemented within open access Computree software
Josset, Damien. "Etude du couplage radar-lidar sur plates-formes spatiales et aéroportées : application à l'étude des nuages, des aérosols et de leurs interactions." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066061.
Full textBéland, Martin. "Estimation de paramètres structuraux des arbres dans une savane à partir de mesures LiDAR terrestre et d'imagerie à très haute résolution spatiale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2849.
Full textStawiarski, Christina [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kottmeier. "Optimizing Dual-Doppler Lidar Measurements of Surface Layer Coherent Structures with Large-Eddy Simulations / Christina Stawiarski. Betreuer: C. Kottmeier." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048384934/34.
Full textTROUILLET, VINCENT. "Etude de l'apport d'un lidar retrodiffusion spatial pour la restitution des parametres nuageux et des flux a la surface." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077307.
Full textLahimer, Selim. "Etude de mécanismes d'interactions entre une pointe de microscopie AFM et une surface de semiconducteur." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20110.
Full textCrowley, Jennifer Clare. "Observations of surface sensible heat flux and the vertical structure of turbulent eddies in the mixed layer using doppler lidar." Thesis, University of Salford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492414.
Full textRahman, Hafizur. "Extraction de propriétés caractérisant la surface et l'atmosphère à partir de mesures satellitaires : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30237.
Full textDe, Aquino Carvalho Joao Carlos. "Interaction Casimir-Polder entre atome de césium et surface de saphir thermiquement émissive." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD054.
Full textIn this thesis we describe measurements of selective reflection spectroscopy that highlight the thermal effects of the Casimir-Polder interaction between atom and surface. In the near field regime, this interaction is governed by a potential decreasing with the cube of the distance between the atom and the surface (van der Waals -vdW- regime of dipoledipole type) We are particularly interested in the excited levels of cesium, we are particularly interested in the excited levels of cesium Cs (7P₁/₂) and Cs (7P₃/₂), which have a dipole coupling to respectively Cs (6D) at 12,15 µm and ~15 µm interacting with a thermally emissive sapphire surface. Sapphire emitting modes are around 12,2 µm, and, thus, these Cs levels are sensitive to a resonant, or non-resonant, vdW interaction. We compare experimentally these levels. The most important result of this thesis is the experimental observation of the difference in behavior of the vdW potential as a function of the window temperature (150 - 800 °C), for the Cs (7P₁/₂) and Cs (7P₃/₂) levels. For the Cs (7P₁/₂) level the vdW potential increases as a function of temperature, while for the Cs (7P₃/₂) level a slight decrease is observed. Selective reflection spectroscopy experiments, probing the Cs (6P₁/₂) level interacting with a hot sapphire surface, were also carried out, which confirm for this level the absence of a temperature effect. The theoretical predictions are refined by the evaluation of the dielectric constant of sapphire as a function of temperature, from new emissivity data provided by the CEMHTI's group, in Orléans. Finally, we use backscattered fluorescence as a diagnosis for the Cs hot cell when exciting Cs (6P ₁/₂) and Cs (7P ₁/₂) levels. We have interpreted, in a manner more consistent than previous literature, sub-Doppler structures observed in the excitation of the fluorescence near the window
Rousseau, Batiste. "Étude de la composition et des propriétés physiques de surface de la comète 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko : interprétation des données VIRTIS/Rosetta etmesure en réflectance d’analogues cométaires." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEO018/document.
Full textDuring the Solar System formation, 4.6 billion years ago, comets accreted materials which have been transformed according to the physical and dynamical conditions of the accretion disk but also a part of components coming from the interstellar medium. By preserving a primordial composition, the study of comets allows us to better understand the conditions of the proto-planetary disk surrounding the young Sun of an epoch which is now inaccessible. Moreover, it consists also to understand the various comets populations, their formation process, dynamical and activity evolution as they inward and outward the Sun or their structure.The ESA/Rosetta mission followed the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during two years. A ten of instruments has been dedicated to the study of the evolution of its activity, gas release, surface morphology, dust and other objectives. VIRTIS is a visible/infrared spectrometer instrument. It is composed of VIRTIS-M, an imaging spectrometer which gives access to spatial information with moderate spectral resolution and VIRTIS-H, a point spectrometer with a higher spectral resolution. This study is based on the data analysis of VIRTIS instruments and is divided into two parts focused on the study of the nucleus surface.The first part is an analysis of the spectral and photometric parameters: albedo, spectral slope, the main direction of the light diffusion by particles, macroscopic roughness. In a global study, I highlighted the spatial variations of albedo and spectral slope; compared results derived from different models as well as from both instruments. Then, I determined these parameters locally, revealing differences between two types of terrains. This approach allows to better understand the mechanisms linked to the activity (dust drop-off/uprising, space weathering, ice content variation) and also to the surface properties (composition, texture).The second goal of the thesis is to reproduce in the laboratory the observations realized by VIRTIS to give constraints on the composition and texture of the surface. In collaboration with IPAG (Grenoble, France) I led experiments consisting of the production of very fine powders made of materials which look like those we suspect to be present on the nucleus of 67P: organic matter (mimicked by a coal), silicates (olivine) and iron sulfides (pyrite and pyrrhotite) are all observed on comets or their analogues. I ground them to micrometric to nanometric scales and I realized reflectance measurements in the same spectral range than VIRTIS. Then, I have been able to observe effects caused by the variations of the grain size, composition or texture of the mixture and to highlight combinations reproducing the mean comet VIRTIS spectrum. Finally, this work enables us understanding the influence of material poorly studied such as iron sulfides as well as the spectral behaviour of powders composed of grain sizes reaching an order of magnitude close to the wavelengths, which is essential in the study of cometary surfaces
Ody, Anouck. "Depouillement et interpretation des donnees spatiales d’imagerie hyperspectrale de mars (OMEGA/MEx) : Evolution volcanique de la surface de Mars." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112295/document.
Full textGeologic studies of martian volcanic regions have demonstrated the diversity and complexity of the martian volcanism through various morphologies, witnesses of the volcanic and magmatic evolution of this planet. A better understanding of this volcanism nevertheless requires a better knowledge of the mineralogical composition of these regions. This composition highly depends on the internal conditions of the planet and its evolution. In my PhD thesis, I focused on the internal and volcanic evolutions of Mars from a study of the mineralogy obtained with the visible near-infrared imaging spectrometer OMEGA / Mars Express. The OMEGA dataset has allowed the mapping of key anhydrous mineral of the martian surface at a global scale with a kilometer spatial resolution. These minerals are major mafic minerals (pyroxene and olivine), and ferric phases, including nanophase ferric oxides. Their spatial distributions confirm the basaltic composition of the southern hemisphere and the low albedo regions of the northern plains, as well as the nanophase nature of ferric oxides present in the martian dust. These global maps represent complete and final products and are available for the community. In addition to this global analysis, the global distribution of olivine on the surface of Mars was the subject of a more detailed local study highlighting several aspects of the martian volcanism and magmatism. Hesperian olivine enriched lavas that have filled dozens of craters and depressions in the southern hemisphere were identified. Olivine was also identified in the northern plains associated with material excavated by craters (<20 km) and with extended outcrops, suggesting that the northern plains were also partly filled with these lavas. These observations can be explained by a planetary event of olivine enriched fissural volcanism during the early Hesperian. They also indicate that the upper layer of sediment present in the northern plains is very fine (<100m) and of volcanic origin. This olivine enrichment of hesperian lavas, unlike olivine-depleted noachian terrains, questions the variation of internal conditions of the planet between these two periods, and/or significant alteration of the noachian terrains. Olivine associated with large crater ejectas (> 20 km) in the northern plains, and buttes in the southern hemisphere suggests that the buried noachian/primitive crust was olivine enriched in some locations. Finally, olivine found in buttes on terraces of Argyre and Hellas basins, interpreted as mantle ejectas, indicates that the martian mantle have experienced an overturn after its crystallization. The last chapter of my work was to identify the source regions of Martian meteorites by looking for some similarity in their spectral signatures in the near infrared with those of the martian surface. A major outcome of this study is that the basaltic shergottites Shergotty and Los Angeles have spectral signatures similar to those of the hesperian volcanic massifs such as Syrtis Major, Hesperia Planum and Thaumasia Planum. Such an analogy is consistent with an old age for these meteorites
Olioso, Albert. "Simulation des échanges d'énergie et de masse d'un couvert végétal, dans le but de relier la transpiration et la photosynthèse aux mesures de réflectance et de température de surface." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20109.
Full textMunteanu, Sorin. "Micro électrochimie et optique couplées pour l'imagerie et l'étude de réactions chimiques de surface." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00802004.
Full textJosset, Damien. "Etude du couplage radar-lidar sur plates-formes spatiales et aeroportees. Application a l'etude des nuages, des aerosols et de leurs interactions." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559472.
Full textSpäth, Florian Heiko [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfmeyer. "3-D observations of absolute humidity from the land surface to the lower troposphere with scanning differential absorption lidar / Florian Heiko Späth ; Betreuer: Volker Wulfmeyer." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119866715/34.
Full textSpäth, Florian [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfmeyer. "3-D observations of absolute humidity from the land surface to the lower troposphere with scanning differential absorption lidar / Florian Heiko Späth ; Betreuer: Volker Wulfmeyer." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-12904.
Full textRamdani, Abderrafi. "Etude de l'efficacité des modes de Lamb à partir de la signature acoustique d'une couche mince." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20101.
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