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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reefs

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Academic literature on the topic 'Reefs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Reefs"

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Dechnik, Belinda, Jody M. Webster, Luke Nothdurft, Gregory E. Webb, Jian-xin Zhao, Stephanie Duce, Juan C. Braga, Daniel L. Harris, Ana Vila-Concejo, and Marji Puotinen. "Influence of hydrodynamic energy on Holocene reef flat accretion, Great Barrier Reef." Quaternary Research 85, no. 1 (January 2016): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.11.002.

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AbstractThe response of platform reefs to sea-level stabilization over the past 6 ka is well established for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), with reefs typically accreting laterally from windward to leeward. However, these observations are based on few cores spread across reef zones and may not accurately reflect a reef's true accretional response to the Holocene stillstand. We present a new record of reef accretion based on 49 U/Th ages from Heron and One Tree reefs in conjunction with re-analyzed data from 14 reefs across the GBR. We demonstrate that hydrodynamic energy is the main driver of accretional direction; exposed reefs accreted primarily lagoon-ward while protected reefs accreted seawards, contrary to the traditional growth model in the GBR. Lateral accretion rates varied from 86.3 m/ka–42.4 m/ka on the exposed One Tree windward reef and 68.35 m/ka–15.7 m/ka on the protected leeward Heron reef, suggesting that wind/wave energy is not a dominant control on lateral accretion rates. This represents the most comprehensive statement of lateral accretion direction and rates from the mid-outer platform reefs of the GBR, confirming great variability in reef flat growth both within and between reef margins over the last 6 ka, and highlighting the need for closely-spaced transects.

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LA PORTA, BARBARA, and LUISA NICOLETTI. "Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus) reefs in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy) and associated polychaete fauna." Zoosymposia 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2009): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.2.1.36.

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The aim of this research was to analyze the morphological features of Sabellaria alveolata reefs and the associated polychaete fauna in three different coastal areas of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea, Italy). We assessed the relationship between the physical structure of the reefs and the associated fauna. We also investigated possible connections between polychaete assemblage structure and reef development on spatial and temporal scales. Reefs were morphologically described, and the polychaete assemblages were studied using community indices, as well as multivariate and univariate statistics. Three different reef states were described, linked to their respective phase of development. The structure of the associated polychaete assemblages differed according to the relevant reef’s phase of development. Species richness was high in reefs in destruction phase, while it decreased in recovering reefs.

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Rafly, Nidzar Muhammad, I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, and Widiastuti Widiastuti. "Hubungan Rugositas Terumbu Karang terhadap Struktur Komunitas Ikan Corallivor dan Herbivor di Perairan Pemuteran, Bali." Journal of Marine Research and Technology 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmrt.2020.v03.i01.p02.

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Reef fishes are the highest number of organisms that can be found in coral reefs in which the abundance depends on the healthy of this ecosystem. Reef fishes are mainly consisted of corallivorous and herbivorous fish. Corralivorous fish feeds on coral polyps while herbivorous fish feeds on algae. Therefore these fishes are an important indicators in the resilience of coral reefs. Studies showed that its abundance is strongly correlated with reef’s conture (rugosity). Pemuteran waters is one of developing tourists attraction in the north Bali island. However, the data of reef fishes and coral reefs in Pemuteran waters remain limited. Therefore, this research aimed to study the reef` condition and rugosity in Pemuteran waters, also to examine the correlation between reefs fishes and reefs rugosity in this area. There were four stations according to purposive sampling method. Data of corallivorous and herbivorous fishes were collected by using the underwater visual census with a 40 m2 transect. Reef rugosity index were determined by using chain transect method. Results showed that reef rugosity in Pemuteran waters was in the medium to high category. Reef rugosity has strong correlation with the total abundance and diversity of corallivorous fishes. However, reef rugosity was only strong correlated with the total abundance but not with the diversity of herbivorous fishes.

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Baronio, Mateus de A., and Daniel J. Bucher. "Artificial crevice habitats to assess the biodiversity of vagile macro-cryptofauna of subtidal rocky reefs." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 8 (2008): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07170.

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Reef cryptofauna (animals inhabiting cracks and crevices) represent much of a reef’s biodiversity yet are seldom studied owing to their inaccessibility. Subtidal rocky reefs off Brunswick Heads and Byron Bay in northern New South Wales, Australia support benthic communities ranging from coral-dominated offshore reefs to kelp beds of Ecklonia radiata on inshore reefs. It was hypothesised that differential exposure to river discharge and the East Australian Current, as well as proximity to other reef habitats, may produce differences in recruitment and persistence of cryptofauna between superficially similar reefs within a small geographical range. Artificial crevice habitats were deployed at similar depths on three inshore reefs supporting similar Ecklonia densities. Although the species richness of crevice fauna was similar at all reefs, the species composition differed significantly along with the assemblages recruited in different seasons and to different crevice sizes. Neither reef faunas nor that of varying crevice sizes changed consistently with the seasons, yet all crevices appeared equally accessible to colonists. These results demonstrate the potential inadequacy of classifying reef communities for management of regional biodiversity based on the visual dominance of a few species that may not be as sensitive to environmental variables as many of the less obvious taxa.

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Gómez-Andújar, Nicolás X., and Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado. "Spatial benthic community analysis of shallow coral reefs to support coastal management in Culebra Island, Puerto Rico." PeerJ 8 (October 14, 2020): e10080. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10080.

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Caribbean coral reefs provide essential ecosystem services to society, including fisheries, tourism and shoreline protection from coastal erosion. However, these reefs are also exhibiting major declining trends, leading to the evolution of novel ecosystems dominated by non-reef building taxa, with potentially altered ecological functions. In the search for effective management strategies, this study characterized coral reefs in front of a touristic beach which provides economic benefits to the surrounding coastal communities yet faces increasing anthropogenic pressures and conservation challenges. Haphazard photo-transects were used to address spatial variation patterns in the reef’s benthic community structure in eight locations. Statistically significant differences were found with increasing distance from the shoreline, reef rugosity, Diadema antillarum density, among reef locations, and as a function of recreational use. Nearshore reefs reflected higher percent macroalgal cover, likely due to increased exposure from both recreational activities and nearby unsustainable land-use practices. However, nearshore reefs still support a high abundance of the endangered reef-building coral Orbicella annularis, highlighting the need to conserve these natural shoreline protectors. There is an opportunity for local stakeholders and regulatory institutions to collaboratively implement sea-urchin propagation, restoration of endangered Acroporid coral populations, and zoning of recreational densities across reefs. Our results illustrate vulnerable reef hotspots where these management interventions are needed and recommend guidelines to address them.

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de Goeij, Jasper M., Dick van Oevelen, Mark J. A. Vermeij, Ronald Osinga, Jack J. Middelburg, Anton F. P. M. de Goeij, and Wim Admiraal. "Surviving in a Marine Desert: The Sponge Loop Retains Resources Within Coral Reefs." Science 342, no. 6154 (October 3, 2013): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1241981.

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Ever since Darwin’s early descriptions of coral reefs, scientists have debated how one of the world’s most productive and diverse ecosystems can thrive in the marine equivalent of a desert. It is an enigma how the flux of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the largest resource produced on reefs, is transferred to higher trophic levels. Here we show that sponges make DOM available to fauna by rapidly expelling filter cells as detritus that is subsequently consumed by reef fauna. This “sponge loop” was confirmed in aquarium and in situ food web experiments, using 13C- and 15N-enriched DOM. The DOM-sponge-fauna pathway explains why biological hot spots such as coral reefs persist in oligotrophic seas—the reef’s paradox—and has implications for reef ecosystem functioning and conservation strategies.

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SVAVARSSON, JÖRUNDUR, and NIEL L. BRUCE. "New and little-known gnathiid isopod crustaceans (Cymothoida) from the northern Great Barrier Reef and the Coral Sea." Zootaxa 3380, no. 1 (July 5, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3380.1.1.

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Ten species of Gnathiidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoida) including six new species, are reported from Lizard Islandand nearby reefs, northern Great Barrier Reef and reefs of the Coral Sea (Chesterfield Reefs, Mellish Reef and MarionReef): Gnathia wistari sp. nov. (Lizard Island region and Capricorn Group, southern Great Barrier Reef), Gnathia coral-maris sp. nov. (Mellish Reef), Gnathia varanus sp. nov. (Lizard Island group), Gnathia marionis sp. nov. (Marion Reef),Gnathia hamletgast sp. nov. (Chesterfield Reefs) and Elaphognathia australis sp. nov. (Chesterfield Reefs). New locali-ties are reported for four other species: Gnathia aureamaculosa Ferreira and Smit, 2009 and Gnathia masca Farquharsonand Smit, 2012 from Lizard Island and nearby reefs; Gnathia falcipenis Holdich and Harrison, 1980 and Gnathia variobranchia Holdich and Harrison, 1980 from Lizard Island, Wistari Reef, Heron Island and Chesterfields Reefs.

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Hattori, Akihisa, and Takuro Shibuno. "Habitat use and coexistence of three territorial herbivorous damselfish on different-size patch reefs." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 8 (July 22, 2013): 2265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000829.

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In local reef fish communities, species richness increases with increasing reef area. At Ishigaki Island, Japan, species richness is much lower on large reefs in the shallow back reef than that expected from random placement model simulations (RPMS). As three aggressive territorial herbivorous damselfish, Stegastes nigricans, Stegastes lividus and Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon, coexist only on such large reefs, we focused on these species and examined patterns of their distribution and abundance on 84 patch reefs of various sizes (area and height). We also examined their aggressive intra- and interspecific behavioural interactions and habitat use on the two large reefs (the largest complex patch reef and the large flat patch reef) among the 84 patch reefs. While the abundance of both S. lividus and H. plagiometopon was highly correlated with patch reef area, that of S. nigricans was closely correlated with patch reef height. For S. nigricans and S. lividus, interspecific interactions occurred significantly more frequently than intraspecific interactions on the large flat patch reef. However, there was no significant difference in frequencies of the two interaction types on the largest complex patch reef, where they three-dimensionally segregated conspecific territories. This study suggested that reef height as well as reef area influence the distribution and abundance of these territorial herbivorous damselfish in the shallow back reef. As large patch reefs cannot be tall allometrically in shallow back reefs, relatively flat patch reefs may not have the high species richness expected from RPMS based on reef area.

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Sievers, Katie T., Eva C. McClure, Rene A. Abesamis, and Garry R. Russ. "Multi-Scale Coral Reef and Seascape Habitat Variables Combine to Influence Reef Fish Assemblages." Fishes 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2024): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9040137.

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While benthic characteristics of coral reef habitats are a major driver of the structure of coral reef fish assemblages, non-reef habitats adjacent to coral reefs (e.g., mangroves, seagrass beds, and macroalgal beds) can affect reef fish assemblages. Here, we investigate how reef fish assemblages respond to local-scale benthic habitats within a coral reef and larger-scale adjacent seascape features (habitats within 500 m of coral reefs) on Siquijor Island in the Philippines. We examined an abundance of species for the entire reef fish assemblage and within the assemblages of parrotfishes (subfamily Scarinae) and wrasses (family Labridae). Five distinct habitat types were identified in a cluster analysis, which incorporated benthic characteristics within coral reefs and habitats adjacent to coral reefs. We found that the diversity and structure of coral reef fish assemblages were affected by benthic characteristics within coral reefs and also by benthic habitat types adjacent to coral reefs. Individual species responses and juveniles of certain species demonstrated uniquely high abundances in habitat clusters characterized by the non-reef habitats surrounding coral reefs. Considering coral reef habitats and adjacent non-reef habitats as a holistic, interconnected seascape will provide better estimations of the drivers of the structures of coral reef fish assemblages.

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Turner, John, and Rebecca Klaus. "Coral reefs of the Mascarenes, Western Indian Ocean." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1826 (January 15, 2005): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1489.

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The reefs of the Mascarenes differ in structure and stage of development. Mauritius is the oldest island, bound by a discontinuous fringing reef and small barrier reef, with large lagoon patch reefs. Rodrigues has nearly continuous fringing reefs bounding an extensive lagoon with deep channels and few patch reefs. Réunion, the youngest island, has short stretches of narrow fringing reefs along southwestern coasts. The islets of St Brandon are bound to the east by an extensive arc of fringing reef. Reef mapping of the Mascarenes using satellite imagery provides an estimate of 705 km 2 of shallow reef habitats. These areas have been modified over geological time by changes in sea level, ocean–atmosphere disturbances and biological and chemical forcing. Further modification has resulted from historical changes in land–use patterns. Recent economic development has placed many of these reefs at risk from anthropogenic impact. The reefs of the Mascarenes have escaped mass mortality from bleaching to date, which increases their conservation significance within the wider Indian Ocean. The reefs are poorly protected. A case study shows how a geographic information system incorporating reef–habitat maps can help formulate and demonstrate Marine Protected Area boundaries.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reefs"

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Zomparelli, Alessandro. "Emergent Reefs." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3622/.

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Edwards, David Charles. "Cement reefs." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390320.

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Bollati, Elena. "Fluorescence on coral reefs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/424758/.

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Coral reefs are highly biodiverse ecosystems and provide vital resources for the human population. Due to increasing pressure by climate change and local stressors, these ecosystems currently face a global crisis. The development of tools to monitor how coral reefs respond to environmental change is a key aspect of the conservation of their biodiversity and resources. A number of reef organisms produce fluorescent molecules, including photosynthetic pigments and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments found in Anthozoa. These pigments are responsive to environmental conditions and can be optically monitored in vivo, making them a promising tool to investigate organism- and community-level processes on coral reefs. In this thesis, the fundamental principles and technological developments necessary for the application of fluorescence as a biomarker are explored. First, the mechanisms regulating coral fluorescence are considered for two functionally and biochemically distinct groups of GFP-like proteins. In mesophotic and depth-generalist symbiotic corals, incomplete light-driven maturation of the red GFP-like protein pool is shown to determine the spectrum of fluorescence emission. A role of this mechanism in adaptation to the reduced mesophotic light spectrum is discussed. In corals from shallow water environments, enhancement of internal light fluxes due to reduced absorption by symbiont pigments during bleaching is shown to induce expression of GFPlike proteins. High-level expression of these pigments in bleached tissue is shown to promote recovery of the symbiotic algae complement after a stress event. Second, a novel approach to fluorescence imaging for coral reef surveys is presented. The method enables automatic classification of reef benthic organisms based on the intensity of fluorescent signal in different excitation and emission bands. These findings demonstrate the potential of fluorescence as an in vivo marker for physiological and ecological studies of coral reef organisms, contributing to ongoing efforts to monitor and preserve the health of these ecosystems.

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Miller, Dianna Rose Szedlmayer Stephen T. "A comparison of fish and epibenthic assemblages on artificial reefs with and without copper-based anti-fouling paint." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Miller_Dianna_26.pdf.

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Gherardi, Douglas Francisco Marcolino. "Recent carbonate sedimentation on the coralline algal Atol das Rocas : equatorial South Atlantic, Brazil." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339213.

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Harwell, Heather D. "Landscape aspects of oyster reefs : fragmentation and habitat utilization /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/harwellh/heatherharwell.pdf.

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Noren, Hunter KG. "Can Twilight Reefs Usher In A New Dawn For Depauperate Shallow Coral Reefs?" Thesis, NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/421.

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As shallow reefs continue to decline, scientists are searching for the key to their persistence; as it turns out, they may just need to look deeper. Below many shallow tropical reefs, there exist healthy and more stable mesophotic coral reef communities. The ability of these reefs to act as a refuge for declining shallow populations has garnered significant interest among the scientific community; however, the reproductive and larval aspects necessary for this to occur are unknown. This study assesses the ability of deep reefs to act as a reproductive refuge for shallow counterparts by examining gametic compatibility, viability and larval settlement preferences. Gametes from Orbicella franksi inhabiting the shallow (14-20m) and the upper mesophotic (27-32m) were introduced in a series of inter- and intra-depth crosses and found to be compatible. Larval settlement experiments found no natal depth preference, with deep larvae significantly preferring to settle on shallow conditioned substrate. Our findings support the plausibility of healthy mesophotic reefs acting as a refuge for depauperate shallow populations by (1) providing gametes to mix with limited shallow gametes resulting in increased fertilization and (2) providing larvae that recruit and repopulate shallow reefs. This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the Deep Reef Refugia Hypothesis from a reproductive and larval settlement standpoint. Our results suggest a close coupling between shallow and mesophotic reefs through gamete and larval export and illustrate the current and future importance of these mesophotic reefs.

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Matthews, Elizabeth. "Community-based and collaborative management of coral reefs and coastal resources in Palau /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3284827.

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Savaro, Jennifer. "Connectivity of Reef Fishes Between Mangroves and Coral Reefs in Broward County, Florida." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/378.

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Many marine fishes use the mangrove ecosystem for foraging, protection, spawning, and as a nursery habitat. To develop a better understanding of energy flow between the coastal mangrove and coral reef ecosystems, the ontogentic migration and trophic connectivity of reef fishes were examined through the use of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) stable isotope ratios. Juvenile and adult gray snapper Lutjanus griseus, lane snapper L. synagris, bluestriped grunt Haemulon sciurus, French grunt H. flavolineatum, sailor’s choice H. parra, yellowfin mojarra Gerres cinereus, and great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda were collected from both mangrove and coral reef sites located near Port Everglades, Broward County, Florida. All species were analyzed for δ13C and δ15N of muscle tissues and δ 18O and δ 13C of otoliths to evaluate ontogenetic migrations, foraging, and occupation within both the mangrove and reef sites. The δ13C and δ15N in muscle tissue were more depleted in juvenile fish from the mangroves than their adult forms caught on the adjacent reef. The δ18O and δ13C otolith data were significantly different between species, age class, and habitat, with lower δ18O values for juvenile fish caught in the mangroves. A general trend of increasing δ13C in otoliths corresponded to increasing total length, also suggesting juvenile movements from mangrove to nearshore reefs with age. Overall, the findings of this study further confirm that several commercially and recreationally important reef-associated fishes utilize mangrove ecosystems during juvenile life stages.

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Bries, Jill M. "THE IMPACT OF HURRICANE LENNY ON CORAL REEFS AND ITS RELEVANCE TO PLEISTOCENCE REEF COMMNUNITIES: CURACAO, NETHERLANDS ANTILLES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990629881.

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Books on the topic "Reefs"

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Walker, Sally M. Reefs. Minneapolis: Lerner, 2008.

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Holliday, Les. Coral reefs. Morris Plains, N.J: Tetra, 1989.

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Holing, Dwight. Coral reefs. Parsippany, NJ: Silver Burdett Press, 1995.

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Holing, Dwight. Coral reefs. Parsippany, NJ: Silver Burdett Press, 1995.

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Owens, Caleb. Coral reefs. [Chanhassen, Minn.]: Child's World, 1998.

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Lin, Ho Soon. Coral reefs of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Tropical Press, 1992.

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Pringle, Laurence P. Coral reefs. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1995.

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(Firm), Scubazoo. Reef. New York: DK Pub., 2009.

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Miththapala, Sriyanie. Coral reefs. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group Asia, IUCN, 2008.

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Ganeri, Anita. Coral reefs. Columbus, OH: Peter Bedrick Books, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reefs"

1

Selley, Richard C. "Reefs." In Ancient Sedimentary Environments, 211–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5421-9_9.

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Selley, Richard C. "Reefs." In Ancient Sedimentary Environments, 211–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1233-5_9.

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Reitner, Joachim, and Volker Thiel. "Reefs." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 762. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_175.

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Selley, Richard C. "Reefs." In Ancient Sedimentary Environments, 211–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7304-9_9.

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Burt, John A. "Coral Reefs of the Emirates." In A Natural History of the Emirates, 325–51. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_11.

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AbstractCoral reefs represent the most biodiverse ecosystem in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and these habitats support high fisheries productivity, an economic resource sector second only to oil, and a burgeoning ecotourism sector. Corals occur in all seven Emirates, with the highest coral diversity occurring on the east coast along the Sea of Oman and declining along a gradient from the Strait of Hormuz to western Abu Dhabi, reflecting the more extreme environmental conditions towards the southwestern Gulf. Coral reefs of the Emirates are among the most heat tolerant in the world, and as a result have come to represent an important natural asset for international science. However, impacts from coastal development and recent severe marine heat waves have pushed these robust corals past their physiological thresholds, and reefs have become heavily degraded in the past decade across much of the UAE. Active management intervention is needed to conserve and restore the important reef ecosystems to ensure these vibrant habitats are retained for the next generation.

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Dullo, Christian. "Reefs (Biogenic)." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_92-4.

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Dullo, Christian. "Reefs (Biogenic)." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 1–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_92-5.

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Groombridge, Brian. "Coral Reefs." In Global Biodiversity, 307–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2282-5_23.

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Yokoyama, Yusuke, and Tezer M. Esat. "Coral reefs." In Handbook of Sea-Level Research, 104–24. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118452547.ch7.

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Dullo, Christian. "Reefs (Biogenic)." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 718–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6238-1_92.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reefs"

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Loedsen Andersen, Charlotte, Ida Skov Milthers, Julie Caroee Kristoffersen, Christos Thomas Georgakis, and Longbin Tao. "Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using Artificial Reefs to Reduce Breaking Wave Impact on Offshore Structures." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61975.

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Waves breaking on offshore platforms can have damaging consequences for the structure and for the safety of the people working on it. Recent unexpected extreme wave events have shown the effects that breaking waves have on offshore platforms. In this paper, the results from a scaled experimental investigation conducted the Newcastle University wind, wave and current tank, are presented. With these tests, the effectiveness of using artificial reefs to avoid or lessen the effects of breaking wave activity is examined. Four different types of artificial reefs are tested and their effects are compared to a reference test with no artificial reef. The comparison is based on the changes of the size and location of the maximum wave amplitude, the maximum displacement of a scaled platform and the artificial reef’s ability to dissipate wave energy. Overall, the results show that placing the rectangular reef in the tank produces the most promising results. However, it is also shown that placing any one of the artificial reefs in the tank will affect a change in the wave motion. Thus, this investigation shows that the use of an artificial reef could be a step in securing a higher level of protection for personnel and operations.

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Sohn, ByungKyu, Jeong-Woo Lee, and Seung-Hwan Won. "Hydraulic Characteristics of Artificial Reefs Using the Oyster Shell." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79656.

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For settlement and growth of shellfish and seaweed, artificial reefs have been deployed in the Korea waters for last thirty years. Nowadays, according to whitening phenomenon, the construction of seaweed beds becomes important; therefore, the role of artificial reefs is more emphasized. In addition, the recycle of shellfish wasters become an environmental issue; hence, among the wasters, oyster shells have been used as parts of a new artificial reef, namely OS-type artificial reefs. However, it is required to investigate their stability and functionality before deploying the reefs in fields. This study presents the stability (sliding and overturning) tests of the artificial reefs using oyster shell. For the tests, hydraulic experiments have been done in a 2-D flume. From the experiments, it is shown that how stability parameters such as surf similarity parameter, water particle velocity, wave pressure, etc. affect the sliding and overturning. These results give ones guideline for installation of artificial reefs in fields.

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Zhao, Lin, and Junwei Tan. "Study on the Flow Field and the Shielding Effect of a Hemisphere Artificial Reef and Other Alike Sub-Sea Structures." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96444.

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Abstract A hemisphere artificial reef is designed and numerically simulated in this paper. Investigations of this structure subject to various flow fields with different hole ratios and different diameter are carried out. Besides, the effect of the hemisphere structure to the surrounding flow field is discussed. Further studies are carried out for an array of hemisphere structures of this kind. Comparing to the traditional artificial structures like the trapezoidal reefs and square reefs, the hemisphere reef can not only produce a qualified ascending flow field, but his internal shadowing effect is not negligible.This area then can provide a better ocean ecological environment and living environment to attach and promote the marine life.

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Kuhme, A. K. "Devonian reefs." In 1985 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. SEG, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892619.

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Erioli, Alessio, and Alessandro Zomparelli. "Emergent Reefs." In ACADIA 2012: Synthetic Digital Ecologies. ACADIA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2012.139.

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Tang, Yanli, Xiangyu Long, Xinxin Wang, Fenfang Zhao, and Liuyi Huang. "Effect of Reefs Spacing on Flow Field Around Artificial Reef Based on the Hydrogen Bubble Experiment." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61623.

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When an ocean current encounters a vertical structure, such as an artificial reef (AR), it can create a plankton-rich upwelling that provides a reliable feeding spot for fish. The fish attracted into the AR zones depends largely on the size, structure, and layout of the ARs. Thus, this study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of different layouts on the flow field around cubic ARs, a common type of AR in China. Water tank tests and numerical simulations were used to study the flow field around the cubic ARs. Experiment of hydrogen bubble was conducted in a water tank to observe the effect of the reef spacing on the flow field around the reefs. Using computational fluid dynamics, a three-dimensional numerical model was established based on the Navier-Stokes equation. The standard k-ϵ model was adopted to simulate the flow field around the ARs. On comparing the streamlines of the flow field around the ARs, it was found that the numerical results were in good agreement with the hydrogen bubble results. Using the numerical model, the flow around the ARs with different transverse or longitudinal spacing was simulated. When the transverse spacing distance is equal to the width of the AR, the upwelling becomes stronger. When the distance increases to 7L, the interaction between the reefs can be ignored. When the longitudinal spacing distance is equal to 1L, the effect of the interaction of the reefs on the back eddy is quite significant. However, as the distance increases, the interaction between two reefs gradually weakens.

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Hochberg, Eric J. "A new perspective on coral reefs: COral Reef Airborne Laboratory." In Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hise.2019.htu2c.4.

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Chen, Songgui, Zeming Wang, Jinhai Zheng, Chi Zhang, and Ke Hu. "Study of Extreme Waves Propagating Over Reefs in Large Wave Flume." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95039.

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Abstract Waves propagating over reefs have been studied by many researchers. However due to limitation of small wave flume, most experiments focused on the normal waves. Extreme waves are the input parameters for structure design on reefs. Thus, experiments of extreme waves propagating over reefs were conducted in the large wave flume of the Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering. Extreme wave hydrodynamic within surf zone will be focused on. Tests with different wave heights Hi, wave periods T and water levels on reefs h have been carried out. The model scale is set to be 1:15, then Hi from 4.5m to 12m, T from 9s to 17s, hr from 0 to 3m are generated in the test. Wave breaking points are observed by high speed camera. Wave breaking points move offshore as Hi and T increase and h decrease. Wave setups and wave-induced flows along the reef are measured at different locations. It can be found that wave setups increase with increasing Hi and T and decreasing water level h. Wave-induced flows increase with increasing Hi and h and decreasing T. As waves propagate towards landside, wave setups and wave-induced flows have a local extremum at the middle of surf zone. Compared with our test, Gourlay’s formulas overestimate wave setup while underestimate wave induced flow within extreme wave surf zone.

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Tang, Yanli, Qi Hu, Xinxin Wang, Fenfang Zhao, Liuyi Huang, and Tao Xie. "Evaluation of Flow Field in the Layouts of Cross-Shaped Artificial Reefs." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95192.

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Abstract Artificial reefs (ARs) are purposely submerged in natural aquatic environments to provide additional habitat for fish. The reasonable layout of ARs on the sea floor can effectively enhance and support important marine species. This research involves a three-dimensional numerical simulation to analyze the flow effect of three types of AR layouts based on computational fluid dynamics. Through numerical simulation of the flow past the reefs, we can determine the scale of the upwelling and back-eddy flow. Based on the simulation data, the rational transverse distance between two cross-shaped artificial reefs (CSARs) is 6L (L is the length of the single reef), which is used to design the layouts of CSARs. Five indicators have been used to evaluate the flow field effect of these three layouts. According to the comparison of five indications for different layouts of CSAR, it is more reasonable to divide the AR layouts into two categories: upwelling layout and back eddy layout. Finally, the sphere of influence of the AR layouts on the fisheries resource is also discussed.

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Zhao, Yinlin, Hongjie Wen, Bing Ren, Guoyu Wang, and Yongxue Wang. "An Improved SPH Model for Simulating Hydrodynamic Consequences Induced by Reef Degradation." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18520.

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Abstract Coral reefs degradation accelerates in recent decades due to the natural disturbance and anthropogenic activities. It is important to predict and evaluate reasonably the hydrodynamic consequences of reef degradation. An improved weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamic (WCSPH) porous model is developed based on the standard two-phase mixture theory. The developed WCSPH mixture model is validated by comparing the predicted results with the corresponding available data. The model is then adopted to predict the effects of reef degradation on the spatial distributions of wave setup, wave-induced current and low frequency wave energy over the reef-flat under the reef resonance conditions.

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Reports on the topic "Reefs"

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Knowlton, Nancy, Emily Corcoran, Thomas Felis, Sebastian Ferse, Jasper de Goeij, Andréa Grottoli, Simon Harding, et al. Rebuilding Coral Reefs: A Decadal Grand Challenge. International Coral Reef Society and Future Earth Coasts, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53642/nrky9386.

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This document is the work of a team assembled by the International Coral Reef Society (ICRS). The mission of ICRS is to promote the acquisition and dissemination of scientific knowledge to secure the future of coral reefs, including via relevant policy frameworks and decision-making processes. This document seeks to highlight the urgency of taking action to conserve and restore reefs through protection and management measures, to provide a summary of the most relevant and recent natural and social science that provides guidance on these tasks, and to highlight implications of these findings for the numerous discussions and negotiations taking place at the global level.

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Altman, Safra, R. Harris, S. McKay, Michael Kjelland, and Todd Swannack. Oyster reef connectivity : ecological benefits and associated vulnerabilities. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45020.

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Global oyster abundance has declined ~85 % over the past 200 years, primarily because of overharvesting (Beck, Brumbaugh, and Airoldi 2011; Kirby 2004). Healthy oyster reef systems benefit the environment in many ways, including water-quality improvement, shoreline protection, increased biological and habitat diversity, and carbon sequestration. To maintain these environmental benefits, reef-restoration efforts that produce healthy, sustainable oyster reefs are essential. To this end, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has been involved in reef-restoration projects in many locations, including extensive efforts in the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia, Maryland), coastal regions of New York and New Jersey, and the Gulf of Mexico. There are many benefits to creating and maintaining oyster reef systems that are well connected, for both oysters and other organisms within the reef and surrounding habitats. This technical note presents the current knowledge of benefits and costs to restore oyster-reef connectivity along the East and Gulf Coasts of North America. Connectivity of oyster reefs can refer to the physical location of reefs with respect to one another as well as to the dynamics of the genetic links within a metapopulation or to the extent to which larval transport and recruitment unite reef communities. For the purposes of this technical note, connectivity is defined as the spatial aggregation of reefs, though we address impacts of genetic and larval flow as well. Reef connectivity positively affects many ecosystem services and dynamics but can also have unintended consequences (that is, negative externalities). This technical note reviews the benefits and costs of increasing connectivity and presents a brief example of how trade-offs may occur between these potentially opposing ecological objectives. Here, we focus on the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, which inhabits the East and Gulf Coasts of North America, though many of the concepts and principles discussed may apply to other oyster species as well.

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Yentsch, Charles S., and David A. Phinney. CoBOP Coral Reefs: Optical Closure of a Coral Reef Submarine Light Field. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627656.

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Yentsch, Charles S., and David A. Phinney. CoBOP Coral Reefs: Optical Closure of a Coral Reef Submarine Light Field. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626467.

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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.

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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.

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Douglas, Kristin, Eugenia Naro-Maciel, Ana Porzecanski, and Patrick Shea. What’s in the Water? Using environmental DNA for Marine Monitoring and Planning. American Museum of Natural History, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0011.

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Coral reefs, the most biodiverse of all marine ecosystems, are of high ecological, cultural, and financial importance, yet they are declining on a global scale due to several anthropogenic factors. Current threats to coral reefs highlight the urgent need for effective research, monitoring, and management of these ecosystems. In this case study-based exercise, students will compare and contrast biodiversity information about Hawaiian reefs between traditional diver surveys and eDNA based applications, consider the benefits and limitations of each method for coral reef fish monitoring, and use these data to designate potential marine protected areas (MPAs). As part of this process, they will practice identifying species based on genetic sequencing data using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Lastly, students will be introduced to different approaches to protection of marine systems in Hawai‘i, including the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, and reflect on the diversity of approaches to management of seascapes.

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Mareike Huhn, Mareike Huhn. When do the corals in our reefs spawn? Experiment, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/47713.

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Souter, David, Serge Planes, Jérémy Wicquart, David Obura, and Francis Staub, eds. Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2020. International Coral Reef Initiative, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.59387/wotj9184.

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James R. Wood, W. Quinlan, and A. Wylie. Implementing A Novel Cyclic CO2 Flood In Paleozoic Reefs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895350.

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James R. Wood, W. Quinlan, and A. Wylie. Implementing A Novel Cyclic CO2 Flood In Paleozoic Reefs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895351.

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