Journal articles on the topic 'Reduplication'
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1
Schwaiger, Thomas. "The derivational nature of reduplication: Towards a Functional Discourse Grammar account of a non-concatenative morphological process." Word Structure 11, no. 1 (March 2018): 118–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0118.
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This article advances a first systematic Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) treatment of reduplication. Building on cross-linguistic arguments for reduplication's iconic motivation and non-concatenative derivational nature, principled advantages of FDG's functional-typological orientation over formal reduplicative models are programmatically demonstrated: Reduplication is differentiated from repetition in FDG's architecture, the basics for implementing reduplicative iconicity into the model are outlined, and several formalizations of the process based on existing FDG work on morphological derivation are suggested. Phonological characteristics of reduplication are mentioned briefly and mostly left for future FDG research.
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., ADERLAEPE. "REDUPLICATION OF VERB IN MUNA LANGUAGE." Gema Pendidikan 26, no. 2 (July 28, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/gapend.v26i2.8184.
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This research aims at describing the types and functions of verb reduplication in Muna language. Problems of the research are: (1) what types of verb reduplication in Muna language? (2) what are the functions of reduplication found on verb in Muna language? Data of the research were taken by using the techniques of noting, translation, introspection, and elicitation. The achieved data were analyzed by following the steps: (1) made the classification, (2) determine the basic element (stem) of every reduplication, (3) pay attention to the process of reduplication, (4) and determine the function of reduplication occur on verbs. Results of the research are as follows:There are three types of verb reduplication in Muna language, namely: full, partial, and affixed reduplications. Partial reduplication of verb in Muna language consists of regressive and progressive reduplications. In affixed reduplicaton, the kinds of affixes role in the reduplication process are: suffix –I which presents in the forms of suffix –pi, -ni, -li, and –mi; prefix sa-; and confix po-li. Full reduplication on verb in Muna language functions to state repeatitive activity and relax condition or activity done to relax. On the other hand, partial reduplication in the form of regressive reduplication functions to state repeatitive and serious activities, whereas the progressive one states reciprocal activity done by people in group. The last one, affixed reduplication that attached by suffix -pi, -li, and –mi states repeatitive and suffix –ni states an activity done seriously. Reduplication with prefix sa- states frequentive activity and the reduplication attached by confix po-li that states reciprocality and repeatitive activity. Key Words: Reduplication, Verb, Affix, Morphological Process, And Muna Language
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Mustafa, Faisal. "Phonology of Acehnese Reduplication: Applying Optimality Theory." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 26, no. 2 (October 16, 2023): 546–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i2.5757.
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Reduplication in Acehnese serves many functions such as plurality, reciprocity, emphasis, continuity, and repetitions. This word formation process has been previously analyzed in terms of morphology and traditional phonology. The present study was aimed at discovering constraint ordering of the reduplication to find out the rules which govern each pattern of reduplication in the language. The study employed Correspondence Theory under the umbrella of Optimality Theory, focusing on full and partial reduplication, leaving out rhyming reduplication due to framework limitation. The results show that all patterns of reduplication in Acehnese follow normal application where well-formedness proceeds faithfulness (MAX-IO) and precedes reduplicative identity (MAX-BR). The well-formedness for full reduplication only includes constraint of complex nucleus, where a final diphthong in the base changes to a monophthong in the reduplicant. For partial reduplication, constraint for well-formedness is that the syllable should be open, preceded by reduplicant size of no more than one syllable and alignment (either left for reduplicating prefix or right for reduplicating suffix). The well-formedness is proceeded by no insertion (DEP-BR). This study indicates the need to establish ranking of constraints which govern the phonology of Acehnese outside the context of reduplication, which is suggestion for future studies.
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Rafi’ie, Muhammad, I. Wayan Pastika, and Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini. "Types of Indonesian Reduplication as The Translation Equivalence of English Lexicons." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 25, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2018.v25.i01.p03.
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This journal entitled Types of IndonesianReduplication as the Translation Equivalence of English Lexiconsinvestigates the types of Indonesian reduplications and how the English lexicons are translated in Indonesian reduplications. The data of the research is drawn from an English narrative textbook “The Magic” (Byrne, 2012) and its translation version in Indonesian “The Magic” (Purwoko, 2012).
This study reveals three types of reduplications with their own distinctive forms and varieties on meaning implications, namely: full reduplication, partial reduplication, and imitative reduplication. Full reduplication consists of four sub-categories, namely: reduplication of simple words, reduplication of complex words, reduplication of bases within a complex word, and reduplication without corresponding single bases.
The results of the research show that meaning is structured and therefore, it can be analyzed and represented into another language. English inflectional and derivational morphology can correspond productively to Indonesian reduplications. A menu of affixes of both English and Indonesian are the corresponding features of the morphological processes and the meaning components involvedin the translation equivalence analysis. The translation equivalence is then established by textual equivalence and formal correspondence or by contextual relations of the contextual meaning and relatable situational features of grammatical functions of the English lexicons into Indonesian reduplications.
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Prasetyo, Agustinus Hardi. "JAVANESE REDUPLICATION: A STUDY ON PANGKUR JENGGLENG TV PROGRAM." International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) 2, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.v2i2.1793.
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This paper reported a small-scale research on Javanese reduplication found in Pangkur Jenggleng Padepokan Ayom Ayem TV program which was aired in a local TV station in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Since only few studies are conducted to discuss Javanese reduplication, this study was conducted to fill in the gap in the literature by asking these two questions: a) What are the types of reduplications found in Pangkur Jenggleng Padepokan Ayom Ayem TV Programs? and b) What are the semantic functions or categories of those reduplications? The results of this study confirm the previous studies on Javanese reduplication which reported that full reduplication (without any lexical category changes) are more frequently used than other types of reduplications in Javanese language. This study also confirms the results of previous studies that the dominant semantic functions of Javanese reduplication are repetition and pluralization. Further studies on Javanese reduplication were suggested to gain more knowledge as well as to preserve the Javanese language.DOI:10.24071/ijhs.2019.020207
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Minova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Elena Viktorovna Kopylova, Yuliya Andreevna Kuznetsova, Elena Anatol'evna Nikolaeva, and Vera Anatol'evna Zhelamskaya. "The Phenomenon of Reduplication as a Method of Word Formation in Modern French, Spanish, English and Russian Languages." Филология: научные исследования, no. 4 (April 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2023.4.40020.
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The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the implementation of such a method of word formation as reduplication. The analysis of the linguistic material indicates a fairly wide distribution of this phenomenon in modern French, Spanish, English and Russian. The authors study the features of the implementation of various types of reduplication in the studied languages, and also consider in detail the features of their functioning. The material for the study is examples of reduplicative units from the press and from open sources on the Internet. In the course of the study, methods such as the analysis of theoretical literature, the method of comparative analysis, the method of continuous sampling, as well as observation and generalization, were used. The novelty of the study lies in identifying the dynamics of the functional development of reduplications in the French, Spanish, English and Russian vocabulary in the modern period. The study showed that, although the principles of formation of different types of reduplicative units are comparable in modern French, Spanish, English and Russian, however, there are pronounced differences in the preference for the areas of use of types of reduplication in different languages under study. Of particular interest is the fact that French is characterized by the widespread use of reduplication in the formation of nicknames of famous people from the world of politics and show business, whereas in Spanish, English and Russian it is a rather rare phenomenon.
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Xie, Zhu. "Two Types of Verb Reduplications in Mandarin Chinese." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 41, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 73–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scl-2020-0003.
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AbstractThis paper analyzes verb reduplication in Mandarin Chinese under a lexicalist framework. By adopting the Lexicalist Hypothesis proposed by Chomsky (1970), a distinction has been made between syntactic and morphological verb reduplications by means of five tests: productivity, le insertion, categorial stability, transitivity, and input/output constraints. It is found that the AA and ABAB patterns of verb reduplication have relatively high productivity and regular syntactic behaviors, whereas the AABB pattern of verb reduplication shows extremely low productivity and syntactic idiosyncrasy. Given these observations, this paper proposes that the AA and ABAB patterns should be syntactic verb reduplications derived at the syntactic level, whereas the AABB pattern should be morphological verb reduplication formed in the lexicon. The two types of verb reduplications have different generative mechanisms.
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Abakah, Emmanuel Nicholas. "On Tone and Morphophonology of the Akan Reduplication Construction." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 8 (October 14, 2015): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v1i0.808.
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Reduplication in Akan has received some discussion in the literature but all the studies have concentrated on some aspects of segmental processes that operate on the base to generate the output. In this paper, we study the morphological, segmental and tonal processes related to reduplicative construction in Akan. We demonstrate that on the basis of tonal perturbations which bases and reduplicative templates undergo, and the output tone melody of the reduplicated form vis-à-vis the tone melody of the base, we are able to tell the base from the reduplicant in the Akan reduplicative structure. We argue in the central portions of this paper that the reduplicant in Akan could be either prefixed or suffixed to the base and, in the course of further reduplication construction, it could be sited within the two constituent tokens of the original reduplicative output which serves as an unmarked base for further reduplication. This piece of information counterexemplifies the assertion in the existing literature that in the Akan reduplication construction, the reduplicant is invariably prefixed to the base. In this paper, we study reduplication of verbs, adjectives, nouns, and lexical reduplication and demonstrate that words belonging to the same class behave tonally the same.
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Berg, Thomas. "The directionality of reduplicative plurality." Word Structure 15, no. 1 (March 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2022.0197.
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One instantiation of the well-known suffixing preference is the strong predominance of suffixes over prefixes in nominal-plural marking. Plurality may also be expressed by (partial) reduplication. In contradistinction to the rightward bias of affixes, reduplication in general exhibits a leftward bias. These opposite effects lead to a notable prediction regarding the directionality of reduplicative plurals, which are expected to show a compromise between the rightward bias of affixing and the leftward bias of reduplication. This prediction is not borne out in a sizeable sample of languages with reduplicative plurals. Almost all these languages put the reduplicant in word-initial position. That is, the leftward bias in reduplicative plurals is even more pronounced than that in reduplication generally. The explanation of this striking set of results revolves around a conspiracy of several factors which render the occurrence of word-final reduplicative plurals extremely unlikely. Thus, word-initial and word-final sites are much more unequal competitors in reduplicative plurality than prefixes and suffixes are in affixal plural marking.
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Tara, Firman, and Desi Ratna Sari. "REDUPLIKASI VERBA BAHASA MELAYU JAMBI DI DESA NIASO KECAMATAN MARO SEBO KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI (KAJIAN MORFOSINTAKSIS)." Aksara: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 3, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/aksara.v3i1.97.
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This research is aimed at describing the use of repetition words from the aspect of form, process, and meaning. This research is qualitative descriptive. The data is taken from the quotation of words which are required from data source. The data source is the native speaker of Jambi Malay who live in Niaso village Kecamatan Maro Sebo Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. The data is collected by using observation, listening, speaking, and writing. The data is analyzed by using direct technique. The result of this research shows that there are 4 reduplications, namely (1) whole reduplication, (2) half reduplication, (3) affixes reduplication, (4) change of phoneme reduplication. There is also one meaning in this reduplication which is stating a work. Keywords : Analysis, Verb Reduplication, Jambi Malay Language
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Saba Kirchner, Jesse. "Minimal reduplication and reduplicative exponence." Morphology 23, no. 2 (May 2013): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11525-013-9225-5.
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Huang, Huade. "Reduplication in Kua’nsi." Languages 8, no. 2 (May 19, 2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8020130.
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This paper investigates reduplication in Kua’nsi, a Central Ngwi language of the Sino-Tibetan family, spoken in Yunnan Province, China, by around 5000 speakers. Reduplication is a productive morphological device in Kua’nsi and has complex forms and functions. Although Kua’nsi reduplication shows some similarities with reduplication in other Ngwi languages, it also has reduplicative forms and functions that appear to be cross-linguistically rare. Formally, reduplication in Kua’nsi can be full, partial, or discontinuous. Functionally, it can be used with inflectional and derivational meanings as well as without any semantic or syntactic effect in certain constructions. Some functions of Kua’nsi reduplication appear to be not frequently found across languages. The forms and functions of Kua’nsi reduplication are complex and there is not a one-to-one relationship between the form and function of particular patterns of reduplication.
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Fata, Ika Apriani, Bukhari Daud, Lussi Maunira, and Eka Wahjuningsih. "Linguistics Pattern on Acehnese Reduplicative System: Classifications and Meanings." OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 2 (November 20, 2022): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v16i2.6326.
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The significance of reduplication in language studies was to construct a linguistics pattern. However, linguists tend to disregard the functions of individual creativity and the core language meaning-making approach at the discourse level. Therefore, we should investigate this intriguing topic more to describe the repetition of words. Many studies analyzed classification reduplication in Acehnese through documentation techniques, in contrast, this current study investigated classifications and meanings of reduplication in Acehnese through observation and interview. Sulaiman's paradigm as the framework stated that reduplication had three parts: complete, affix, and ablaut reduplication. In addition, the researchers used the Ali et al. framework, which suggested eight meanings of reduplication, mainly grammatical meanings. The findings revealed that full reduplication was the most common among the 100 data of utterances. Furthermore, the meanings of reduplications are to convey the collective and distributive meaning, to express resemblance, and to express simultaneously and continuously were not discovered. The current study looked at how people could use morphological perspectives on reduplication in community discussions. Acehnese reduplication may vanish.
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Murtafi’ah, Wahidatul, and Hendri. "ANALISIS KOHESI DAN KOHERENSI WACANA LISAN KAJIAN NASKAH PEMENTASAN WAYANG KULIT SASAK." NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/nusra.v3i2.454.
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Language is a tool for communication in the life of human beings to be able to interact properly. Besides Indonesian as the national language, in Indonesia there are also regional languages depending tribal regions, such as the Minangkabau language. Minangkabau language has dialects vary widely, one of them languages Minangkabau in South Solok regency. This study discusses the reduplication in Minangkabau language in South Solok regency. The research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The research data used linguistic form of data derived from primary and secondary sources. Reduplications discussed in this study was the shape and meaning of Minangkabau language reduplication in South Solok regency. First, the reduplicated form found in Minangkabau language in South Solok district can be grouped into three, namely (1) the form of the noun reduplication, (2) reduplication of verbs, and (3) adjective reduplication. Second, the meaning of reduplication found in Minangkabau language in South Solok regency there are three, namely (1) the meaning of the noun reduplication, (2) reduplication of verbs, and (3) adjective reduplication. Reduplicated form is divided into two: (1) the form of reduplicated root and (2) form the basis affixed reduplication. .
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Mustafa, Faisal. "Patterns of Acehnese Reduplication in Early Literary Works." OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 1 (May 12, 2022): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v16i1.6112.
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Reduplication is a morphological operation in many Austronesian languages, including Acehnese. This process is very productive in Acehnese, and it occurs with many patterns. This study aims to find out the reduplication patterns in Acehnese based on nine literary works written in the 19th century or earlier. The study also focuses on reduplicated patterns and how affixation is treated in reduplication. The study was qualitative, and thus the data were analyzed qualitatively. The data collection and analysis included data extraction, data classification, data display, and data interpretation. The conclusion was verified by comparing the interpretation and tokens from the data. The results showed that reduplication in Acehnese appeared in total reduplication and partial reduplication. Each pattern involved rhythmic reduplications where vowel and some consonant alterations appeared in the reduplicants. In addition, some of those patterns were lexicalized reduplication, where the reduplication did not have any stem or non-reduplicated form. More than half of the lexicalized reduplicated words were onomatopoeia, words imitating sounds. Finally, only prefixes meu-, peu-, and teu- are found in Acehnese reduplication. These findings have provided comprehensive information regarding the patterns of Acehnese reduplication, which revealed that reduplication is a significant process of word formation in the language.
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Ghanggo Ate, Yustinus. "Reduplication in Kodi: A Paradigm Function Account." Word Structure 14, no. 3 (November 2021): 312–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2021.0193.
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This paper investigates reduplication in Kodi, an under-documented and understudied language spoken in Sumba Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, eastern Indonesia. Reduplication in Kodi shows various patterns that fall under two major types: full reduplication and partial reduplication. Full reduplication mostly involves reduplication of the entire disyllabic base. In partial reduplication, the salient patterns that are copied are initial parts (a syllable and a foot), an internal part (a syllable), or final parts (foot) of the base. Furthermore, the reduplication process serves to express salient semantic properties, such as verbal number or pluractionality, indirect noun pluralization, attenuation or numeral distributivity. It is argued that (i) stress determines the reduplication process in Kodi in that the syllable or foot which is reduplicated is predictable from the stress patterns, (ii) semantic context triggers reduplication processes, and (iii) the framework of the theory of (Generalized) Paradigm Function Morphology ((G)PFM) ( Stump 2001 , 2016 ; Stewart & Stump 2007 ; Spencer & Stump 2013 ; Spencer 2013 ; Nikolaeva & Spencer 2019 ) can satisfactorily capture how stress determines the reduplication of the base and how semantic context triggers the reduplication process. This study provides additional evidence in support of the (G)PFM theory, which can arguably be extended to handle complex reduplicative patterns beyond Kodi.
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Downing, Laura J. "Eric Raimy (2000). The phonology and morphology of reduplication. (Studies in Generative Grammar 52.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Pp. viii+200." Phonology 18, no. 3 (December 2001): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675701004146.
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The theory of reduplication developed in this book distinguishes itself from most recent work in reduplication in important ways. First of all, it adopts the Distributed Morphology framework (Halle & Marantz 1993, 1994, Noyer 1997) and a derivational, rule-based approach to reduplication (and to phonology in general). It explicitly argues against parallel, surface-based models of prosodic morphology, like Optimality Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1993, Prince & Smolensky 1993, etc.). Further, the analyses proposed in the book reject the proposal, current since McCarthy & Prince (1986), that the shape of reduplicative morphemes (like other fixed-shape morphemes) is constrained to be (roughly) equivalent to a prosodic constituent, syllable or foot. The book is organised as follows. After a brief introduction in Chapter 1 outlining the goals of the book, Chapter 2 introduces enough of the theory to show how backcopying in reduplication, argued since Wilbur (1973) to be impossible to account for without reference to reduplicative surface-identity effects, can be handled in a derivational framework. Chapter 3, the longest chapter, discusses the technical details of the theory in more detail and goes on to show how the fixed shape and unmarked featural and prosodic structure typical of reduplicative morphemes can be accounted for without reference to either prosodic structure or general markedness. The fourth and final chapter discusses in more detail theoretical issues raised in earlier chapters, like how this approach defines markedness of reduplication patterns and avoids reduplication-specific mechanisms. The review discusses each of these points in turn.
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Pamolango, Valentino, and Cho Young Ho. "The Reduplication Process of Balantak Language: A Minority Austronesian Language of Eastern Sulawesi." Investigationes Linguisticae, no. 44 (December 30, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/il.2020.44.2.
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Indonesia has many local languages. One of the local languages used in Indonesia is Balantak language. It is used by people who live in 5 (five) sub-districts in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi. In Balantak language, there are a number of words which are formed by using reduplication.
Reduplication is found in many languages but is quite diverse as a process and in its. Due to reduplicated words in Balantak language, the writers are interested in analyzing the problem statement about: What are the forms of reduplicated words in Balantak language?
Reduplication is the repetition of an entire word or part of the word. According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010), reduplications are a very common morphological operation, whereby part of the base orthe complete base is copied and attached to the base (either preceding or following it). In Balantak language both forms of reduplication are found full reduplication and partial reduplication, and each form consists of various kind of words.
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Nawaz, Hafiz Imran, Dr Riaz Mangrio, and Ms Farzana. "Reduplications In Rangri Language Using Morphological Doubling Theory." Migration Letters 21, S7 (March 4, 2024): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21is7.8696.
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This study investigates the use of morphological features of Rangri language that is spoken in many areas of Pakistan. Rangri is (as pronounced {rɑ̃gɽi}) an Indo-Aryan language spoken in different parts of Sindh and Punjab in Pakistan as this language is undocumented and not much recognized by authorities as an official or regional language. Reduplication in Rangri language within the paradigm of morpho-redoubling theory has been employed in order to examine the function of Total reduplication, Partial or Echo Reduplication, and Non-sensical Reduplication in Rangri language. Data was collected purposefully through random observation by the researcher of the vernacular speakers of the Rangri language such as /gel-gel/ means altogether (Total Reduplication), /loug-lagai/ means husband wife (Partial Reduplication), and /bhein-bhein/ means to mumble nonsense (Non-sensical Redulication). Result showed that Rangri is still spoken in some of the areas of Pakistan and India with a rich inclusion of reduplications in the daily discourse of the speech communities of those areas.
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Ambarita, Esron. "BASE FULL REDUPLICATION IN TOBA BATAK: A STUDY OF GENERATIVE MORPHOLOGY." Majalah Ilmiah METHODA 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methoda.vol13no1.pp72-81.
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The objective of this paper is to explore base full reduplication in Toba Batak from the perspective of generative morphology. The theory applied in this study is Halle’s model (1973). The basic principle in generative morphology is that the process of word formation can generate actual words and potential words. According to generative morphology, the mechanism of word formations will be postulated in the list of morphemes, word formation rules, filter, and dictionary. The method of this study is qualitative descriptive; it is a method that describes language phenomena naturally without any exception or manipulation. The results reveal that there are six types of base full reduplication in Toba Batak i.e. nominal base full reduplication, verbal base full reduplication, adjectival base full reduplication, adverbial base full reduplication, numeral base full reduplication, and interrogative base full reduplication. The process of forming the base full reduplication is by reduplicating the base lexemes. Therefore, the two base lexemes are put together side by side to generate base full reduplication. There are no processes that take place in the filter because the step-by-step processes find neither any idiosyncrasies such as phonological, semantics, and lexical idiosyncrasies. The processes of base full reduplication in this study are inflectional. The grammatical and lexical meanings of the base full reduplication vary, depending on the meanings of the reduplicated base lexemes.
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Berent, Iris, and Amanda Dupuis. "The unbounded productivity of (sign) language." Mental Lexicon 12, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 309–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.17016.ber.
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Abstract Unbounded productivity is a hallmark of linguistic competence. Here, we asked whether this capacity automatically applies to signs. Participants saw video-clips of novel signs in American Sign Language (ASL) produced by a signer whose body appeared in a monochromatic color, and they quickly identified the signs’ color. The critical manipulation compared reduplicative (αα) signs to non-reduplicative (αβ) controls. Past research has shown that reduplication is frequent in ASL, and frequent structures elicit stronger Stroop interference. If signers automatically generalize the reduplication function, then αα signs should elicit stronger color-naming interference. Results showed no effect of reduplication for signs whose base (α) consisted of native ASL features (possibly, due to the similarity of α items to color names). Remarkably, signers were highly sensitive to reduplication when the base (α) included novel features. These results demonstrate that signers can freely extend their linguistic knowledge to novel forms, and they do so automatically. Unbounded productivity thus defines all languages, irrespective of input modality.
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Safitri, Hilma, Nikomang Ariani, and Diah Intan Pratiwi. "Reduplication in Tagalog and Indonesian Language (Bahasa): A Comparative Study." Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra 10, no. 2 (April 26, 2024): 1829–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i2.3567.
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Reduplication consists of many forms in which each form has a tendency to create error effecting the meanings. The absence of knowledge to construct words appropriately creates difficulties since not all words are readily constructed for word reduplication. Less studies on topic applied were conducted. Therefore, this study is worth doing. The paper aims to describe and to compare the morphological reduplication in both Tagalog and Indonesian Language (Bahasa). This research was a qualitative methods. Qualitative research is a methods used to conduct and to interpret data in accordance with strategies such as collecting, analyzing, and concluding (Hamied, 2017). The data were analyzed by listing and comparing form and meaning of words after they were reduplicated. The findings show that the reduplication in both languages similarities and differences lie in terms of changes of tenses, class, another meaning, and quantity. Both partial and full reduplications were also found in terms of their similarities and differences. Partial reduplication on the words in the morphological reduplication altered two components namely word formation and the word meaning which lied in the changes of tenses which was the most common reduplication in Tagalog language. Meanwhile in Bahasa was the reduplication which referred to quantity. Full reduplication changing took place in the term of words with affix [ka] indicates the changes of meaning and the form as well. In the case of reduplication taken place on Bahasa, it was found that Bahasa had the tendency to have different meanings.
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Safina, Nila, Rita Rita, Ratna Soraya, Rika Kartika, and Affan Topake. "A Comparison of Reduplication Between Patani Malay (Southern Thailand) and Indonesian." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 6, no. 1 (July 18, 2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v6i1.1800.
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This research is entitled "Comparison of Indonesian Language Reduplication and Patani Malay (South Thailand)". The research problem is whether there are similarities and differences in the form of reduplication of Indonesian and Patani Malay words. The collected data will be described, analyzed and interpreted in detail in order to obtain a correct picture of the similarities and differences between Indonesian and Patani Malay reduplications. The research method used is descriptive method which is used to record and describe the reduplication of Indonesian words with Patani Malay. If language data is used without comparison with previous data and this method is used to check reduplication at a glance, then it is refined by selecting and grouping according to the form of reduplication used as a reference in comparison. The conclusion in this study is that in the form of reduplication, Indonesian and Patani Malay have similarities and differences, the differences come from phonemics and pronunciation. The similarities and differences of each form are: 1. Basic reword 2. Reword based on meaning and takes the form 3. Rewords are based on phoneme forms.
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Young, A. W., D. J. Hellawell, S. Wright, and H. D. Ellis. "Reduplication of Visual Stimuli." Behavioural Neurology 7, no. 3-4 (1994): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/249590.
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Investigation of P.T., a man who experienced reduplicative delusions, revealed significant impairments on tests of recognition memory for faces and understanding of emotional facial expressions. On formal tests of his recognition abilities, P.T. showed reduplication to familiar faces, buildings, and written names, but not to familiar voices. Reduplication may therefore have been a genuinely visual problem in P.T.'s case, since it was not found to auditory stimuli. This is consistent with hypotheses which propose that the basis of reduplication can lie in part in malfunction of the visual system.
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Tsvigun, Tatiana V., and Alexey N. Chernyakov. "Poetical reduplications in Alexander Vvedensky’s fiction." Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 12, no. 4 (2021): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2021-4-3.
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The article is devoted to the study of the poetics of reduplication in Alexander Vvedensky's fiction texts. The aim of this research is to analyse the functional range of reduplications at different textual levels, from the lexical to the thematic. Reduplication is understood as one of the most important tools of Vvedensky's linguopoetic experiment, aimed at the 'revision' of the ability of language to signify and represent the world and its basic semiotic principles. For Vvedensky, the non-normative punctuation of contact lexical reduplications creates prerequisites for perceiving repeated word forms as occasional homonyms, distinguishes the signified behind the signifier, and also problematizes the nature of poetic communication. On the grammatical level, reduplication creates tension between repeated grammar patterns and their lexical realisations, which allows Vvedensky to demonstrate the potential extensibility of syntactic models and make grammatical semantics a compensatory mechanism that fills the semantic void of the poetic utterance. Vvedensky's thematization of reduplication as the "doubling of the world" is a mirror, which deforms and transforms reality. Mirror semiosis illustrates the loss of iconicity by reduplication and, as a consequence, the impossibility to represent the object by its reflection. The authors conclude that on the level of vocabulary and grammar, reduplication creates dynamism in the verbal space of the text, activates its interpretation and thus creates the situation of gnoseological doubt in the adequacy of language as a means of representing the world. In the thematic field, it deprives the world of its self-identity since objects constantly multiply, lose their distinctiveness or, on the contrary, find meaning where it does not exist.
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Mustafa, Faisal. "Evidence of (in)applicability of Morphological Doubling Theory in Acehnese reduplication." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.7.2.342-355.
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Morphological Doubling Theory (MDT) states that reduplication is a process in morphology, instead of phonology, which calls the second element as a reduplicant to add meaning to the base. This research is to investigate to what extent MDT is applicable to analyze reduplications in Acehnese, an Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia. The research was based on nine literary works called hikayat written in early 20th century or earlier. The number of tokens extracted from the data source is 1076, or 370 tokens after duplicates were removed, consisting of 360 reduplicated words and ten synonym compounds. The data were analyzed using a complete qualitative data analysis procedure consisting of immersion, reflecting, taking apart, recombining, and relating and locating data. The results show that all reduplication patterns in Acehnese � full reduplication, partial reduplication and rhyming reduplication � can be analyzed using MDT. This result suggests that reduplication in Acehnese is a morphological process, where phonology is involved only in shaping the output of the reduplicant. In this language, a stem is called twice by morphology to satisfy the romantic requirements such as to mark plurality and to put emphasize in the base.
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Maulidan, Nurul, and Kholid Kholid. "REDUPLIKASI BAHASA SASAK DIALEK A-A." Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Sigli 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47647/jsh.v5i2.969.
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AbstrakArtikel ini akan membahas reduplikasi bahasa Sasak di Kecamatan Pringgabaya, Lombok Timur dengan teori reduplikasi terdistribusi dari Framton. Dengan teori ini, penulis berharap dapat menggambarkan proses reduplikasi dari dialek bahasa Sasak [aa] yang terdiri dari reduplikasi penuh (full reduplication), reduplikasi parsial (reduplikasi parsial dan proses reduplikasi yang ditempelkan). Data diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya mengenai reduplikasi bahasa Sasak [a-a] kecamatan Pringgabaya, tetapi dengan teori yang berbeda. Teori reduplikasi distribusi Framton akan menjelaskan lebih dalam proses reduplikasi bahasa dialek Sasak [aa] di kecamatan Pringgabaya. Peneltitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode kualitatif adalah metode penelitian yang semata-mata hanya berdasarkan fakta yang ada atau fenomena yang memang secara empiris hidup pada penutur-penuturnya sehingga yang dihasilkan atau dicatat berupa data yang apa adanya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terdapat tiga proses reduplikasi bahasa sasak dialek [a-a] sebagai berikut: (1) Proses reduplikasi penuh bahasa Sasak dialek [a-a]: (2) Proses reduplikasi sebagian bahasa Sasak dialek [a-a]: dan (3) Proses reduplikasi berimbuhan bahasa Sasak dialek [a-a]. AbstractThis paper will discuss the reduplication of the Sasak language in Pringgabaya sub-district, East Lombok with distributed reduplication theory of Framton. With this theory, the authors hope to describe the process of reduplication of the dialect Sasak language [aa] which consists of full reduplication (full reduplication), partial reduplication (partial reduplication and affixed reduplication processes).Data obtained from previous studies regarding reduplication of Sasak [aa] sub-districts Pringgabaya, but with a different theory, the distributed reduplication theory will explain more deeply the process of reduplicating the Sasak dialect language [aa] in Pringgabaya sub-district. This research is a qualitative research. Qualitative methods are research methods that are solely based on existing facts or phenomena that are empirically alive to their speakers so that what is produced or recorded is data as it is. Based on the analysis results, there are three reduplication processes of Sasak dialect language [aa] as follows: (1) The process of full reduplication of Sasak dialect [aa]: (2) The process of partial reduplication of Sasak dialect [aa]: and (3) The process of reduplication affects languages Sasak dialect [aa].Keywords: reduplication, distributed reduplication, Sasak language
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Urbaniak, Ewa. "La reduplicación léxica como mecanismo metalingüístico." NEO 32 (December 23, 2020): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/neo.2020.32.20.
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The aim of the present article is to analyse the metalinguistic function of the nominal reduplication in Spanish. The lexical reduplication is a mechanism that consists in repeating a lexical unit within one phrase. The study shows that the nominal reduplication presents metalinguistic functions that reveal the interest of the speakers in a number of semantic issues related to the linguistic categorization and the concept of prototype. What is more, the metalinguistic aspect of the reduplicative constructions play a crucial role in a variety of situations as it entails some intersubjective meanings that are of a great importance for the interaction.
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Sojda, Sylwia. "The Intensifying Function of Reduplication in Contemporary Polish and Slovak." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 73, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0003.
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Abstract In this paper, I present and discuss the ways of intensifying in Polish and Slovak language communication using reduplication, because one of the semantic properties of reduplication is intensification. Various linguists have pointed out that reduplication may perform many different functions. Reduplication is also associated with a large subset of semantic and syntactic operations, including intensity. Although it is heavily semantically limited to adjectives and adverbs, it applies to nearly all parts of speech. According to its intensifying function, it is common in contemporary Slovak, being mainly associated with compound adjectives, i.e. šírošíry, číročíry, dennodenný. Reduplicative constructions are understood as independent language signs, formally and semantically different from their components. Reduplication means a reinforcement of a statement, so there are various semantic constraints on the reduplicant: it involves only gradable attributes and attributes denoting a higher degree of feature intensity (in plus). The reinforcement does not necessarily mean the increase of intensity of a state – the aim of reduplication is not only to modify but also to specify the meaning. Intensifying reduplication is one of the many ways of expressing the intensive degree or intensity of an action that is something above the assumed norm and it is a legitimate way of expanding the lexis.
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Zukoff, Sam. "The Reduplicative System of Ancient Greek and a New Analysis of Attic Reduplication." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 3 (July 2017): 459–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00250.
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The Ancient Greek perfect tense poses an interesting empirical puzzle involving reduplication. While consonant-initial roots display a phonologically regular alternation based on cluster type, vowel-initial roots display two distinct patterns whose distribution is not phonologically predictable. The reduplicative grammar that generates the consonantinitial patterns is directly compatible with the productive vowel-initial pattern, vowel lengthening. The minority vowel-initial pattern, “Attic reduplication,” both its shape and its distribution, can be explained as a phonotactic repair that operated at a prior stage of the language. This pattern was later reanalyzed, such that Attic reduplication is retained not as a phonotactic repair but through lexical indexation.
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Mattes, Veronika. "Iconicity in the lexicon." Studies in Language 41, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 813–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.16024.mat.
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Abstract This paper presents a study on the form-meaning relationship within a subpart of the lexicon, namely lexical reduplication. It compares the semantic classification of lexical reduplication in diverse languages, focusing on three quantitative studies on the distributions of semantic categories in three typologically and genetically unrelated languages, Bikol, Tibetan and Arabic. On this basis, it is argued that the common view that lexical reduplications are a “semantically arbitrary class” and as such irrelevant for studies on reduplication is not justified. It is in contrast claimed that the mapping of certain meanings on this specific phonological pattern is highly iconic, and that these word forms can be classified as a specific subgroup of expressives. This group even shows remarkable parallels with the prototypical meanings of morphological reduplication. An explanation for this – certainly controversially discussed – observation could be provided by the cognitive semiotic concept of “cross-modal iconicity” (Ahlner & Zlatev 2010).
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Schwaiger, Thomas. "The relation between prototypical and marginal morphology : the case of reduplicative constructions." Linguistica 51, no. 1 (December 31, 2011): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.51.1.121-134.
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The article investigates a paradigm case of a borderline phenomenon in linguistic analysis: constructions in which linguistic material is meaningfully iterated (or repeated) and their relation to prototypical and marginal areas of morphology. The fuzzy state of affairs prevailing in this research area is described and a survey of relevant and irrelevant iteration phenomena is undertaken. The discussion finally narrowing in on morphological reduplication, the data dealt with (mostly) come from the typologically oriented Graz Database on Reduplication (gdr). In light of certain data encountered there (i.e. reduplicative imperatives and a pragmatically emphatic vowel copying construction), the morphological process of reduplication is further differentiated, the general term reduplicative construction (Moravcsik 1978) thereby being endowed with a special meaning subsuming both prototypical and marginal instances of the process under scrutiny, couching the investigation into a morphological framework along lines similar to those proposed by Zwicky/Pullum (1987) and Dressler (2000). The study concludes with a tentative general picture of repetition phenomena in language in which grammaticalization theory can comprehensively account for such constructions that linguistically range from discourse to morphology. Finally, the potential benefit of the present approach for any typological undertaking in the realm of the reduplication process is highlighted.
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Lohia, Anuradha, Chandrama Mukherjee, Shubhra Majumder, and Promita Ghosh Dastidar. "Genome Re-duplication and Irregular Segregation Occur During the Cell Cycle of Entamoeba histolytica." Bioscience Reports 27, no. 6 (November 20, 2007): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10540-007-9058-8.
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Heterogeneity of genome content is commonly observed in axenic cultures of Entamoeba histolytica. Cells with multiple nuclei and nuclei with heterogenous genome contents suggest that regulatory mechanisms that ensure alternation of DNA synthesis and mitosis are absent in this organism. Therefore, several endo-reduplicative cycles may occur without mitosis. The data also shows that unlike other endo-reduplicating organisms, E. histolytica does not undergo a precise number of endo-reduplicative cycles. We propose that irregular endo-reduplication and genome partitioning lead to heterogeneity in the genome content of E. histolytica trophozoites in their proliferative phase. The goal of future studies should be aimed at understanding the mechanisms that are involved in (a) accumulation of multiple genome contents in a single nucleus; (b) genome segregation in nuclei that contain multiple genome contents and (c) maintenance of genome fidelity in E. histolytica.
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Klamer, Marian, and George Saad. "Reduplication in Abui: A case of pattern extension." Morphology 30, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 311–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11525-020-09369-z.
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Abstract This paper studies the effect of ongoing contact on the Abui reduplication system. Abui, a Papuan indigenous minority language of eastern Indonesia, has been in contact with the regional lingua franca, Alor Malay (Austronesian), for around 50–60 years. Throughout this period, contact with Alor Malay has affected different age groups in different ways across various levels of grammar. Here we compare Abui reduplication across four age groups: (pre)adolescents, young adults, adults, and elders, and show how the function and distribution of reduplication in the Abui spoken by younger speakers is affected by a combination of morphological PAT borrowing and lexical borrowing from Alor Malay. The changing patterns are first applied to the domain in which the two languages overlap: existing Abui verb reduplications become more Alor Malay-like with respect to their function, form, and productivity. The borrowing of an additional function of reduplication is analyzed as a type of complexification in Abui, while at the same time, Abui reduplication itself is demonstrated to also show simplification in terms of form. We argue that this change is induced by decades of stable bilingualism, and is further enhanced by the fact that reduplication is a universal morphological operation and can emerge spontaneously in language contact situations. Thus, the emerging trends reported here are explained by both borrowing from Alor Malay as well as incomplete acquisition of Abui.
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Setyaningsih, Yuliana, and R. Kunjana Rahardi. "REDUPLICATION OF WORD CLASS OF INDONESIAN PROSEDIC MORPHOLOGY: TOWARDS A SEMANTICO-PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE." Jurnal Kata 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/kata.v4i1.5249.
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<p><em>This research is meant to describe reduplication of word classes in prosedic morphology in the perspective of semantico-pragmatics. This research data is in the form of reduolication of closed class words in the use of language in the mass media. The substantive data source of this research is in the form of text in which there are data in the form of reduplicative forms. The locational data source is the national mass media, i.e. Net TV both print and electronic, which can be reached by the research team around the time of research. After the data is classified and properly verified, the next step is the analysis and interpretation of the data. The analytical method applied is a distributional method with techniques for direct elements. Finally, the results of the analysis and interpretation of the data are presented in an informal method. The results showed that the most dominant reduplication occurred in closed word classes in Indonesian in the mass media was adverb reduplication. In this study, adjective reduplication was also quite significant, even though it was not the case with adverb reduplication and verb reduplication. Reduplication of nouns occupies the least significant portion.</em> <em>In terms of meanings, research in a semantico-pragmatic perspective rather than semantic linguistics is purely necessary to continue to be pursued so that new perspectives can be born in researching language.</em></p>
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Arcodia, Giorgio F., Bianca Basciano, and Chiara Melloni. "Areal perspectives on total reduplication of verbs in Sinitic." Why and How of Total Reduplication: Current Issues and New Perspectives 39, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 836–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.4.01arc.
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The topic of reduplication in Sinitic languages has attracted much attention in the literature, but studies adopting a comparative and areal perspective are still lacking. This paper aims to analyse the correlations between form and function in reduplicating constructions in a sample of twenty Sinitic languages, representing eight branches of the family, comparing them to a set of fourteen non-Sinitic languages of the East- and Southeast Asian area. We will show that the various semantic nuances conveyed by reduplicated verbs could be argued to derive from the core meaning of verbal reduplication as iteration of an event, either over a bounded or an unbounded timespan. On the structural level, a pervasive feature of reduplication lies in its compliance to strict requirements on the morphological makeup of the base. This holds especially in the case of the reduplication of disyllabic and bimorphemic verbs with increasing semantics, a consistent pattern across our sample.
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Mutaka, Ngessimo, and Larry M. Hyman. "Syllables and morpheme integrity in Kinande reduplication." Phonology 7, no. 1 (May 1990): 73–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700001123.
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Within the expanding framework of non-linear morphology, no wordformation process has sparked more interest than reduplication. Once relegated to a secondary status with a few examples, reduplication has now arrived centre stage as a testing ground for alternative theories of multitiered morphology and phonology. The innovative work of McCarthy (1981) and Marantz (1982) on this subject has laid the groundwork for subsequent formal treatments of reduplication, including Levin (1983), Broselow & McCarthy (1984), Clements (1985), Odden & Odden (1985), Schlindwein (1986, 1988), McCarthy & Prince (forthcoming), Kiparsky (1986), Mester (1986) and Steriade (1988), among others. These varying accounts of reduplication have been tested against a large and growing body of data from most parts of the world. Surprising to us, however, since every Bantu language we are familiar with has one or more reduplicative processes, relatively little attention has been focused on this rather large linguistic group of several hundred languages coverin a major part of the African continent.
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Stolz, Thomas, Aina Urdze, Julia Nintemann, and Marina Tsareva. "When some dots turn a different color…" Why and How of Total Reduplication: Current Issues and New Perspectives 39, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 795–834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.4.07sto.
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This paper examines some of the problems which arise in connection with the question of whether or not reduplication is a language universal. The point of departure of the study is Moravcsik’s (1978) seminal paper on reduplicative constructions in cross-linguistic perspective. In the main body of the paper, the picture of the geo-linguistic distribution of reduplication that is painted in the World Atlas of Language Structures (Haspelmath et al. 2005) is critically evaluated. The results of the evaluation serve as background for the discussion of the current stalemate of opinions in the ongoing discussion of the supposed universality of reduplication. To resolve the impasse, a prototype-based approach is sketched which may allow us to recommence the collection of empirical data on an unprejudiced basis.
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Kennedy, Robert. "Evidence for Morphoprosodic Alignment in Reduplication." Linguistic Inquiry 39, no. 4 (October 2008): 589–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2008.39.4.589.
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Morphoprosodic Alignment (MPA) is a nontemplatic model of reduplication designed to account for languages with multiple reduplicative subpatterns. The premise of MPA is that reduplicative morphemes can be stem-internal or stem-external and that this distinction is visible to the phonological component through general constraints on the association of stem-internal and stem-external morphemes to prosodic categories. I illustrate the model with Moronene, Klamath, and Gooniyandi, each of which has several reduplicative morphemes. MPA meets the challenge for an optimality-theoretic model to account for such systems without resorting to morpheme-specific indexed constraints or cophonological constraint hierarchies.
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Pluchon, C., F. Salmon, J. L. Houeto, A. Listrat, P. Vandermarcq, and R. Gil. "Paramnésie De Réduplication D’évènement Après Hémorragie Du Noyau Caudé Droit." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 37, no. 4 (July 2010): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100010477.
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Background:Environmental reduplication which is characterized by reduplication of places has been reported in right hemispheric lesions, particularly but not only in the right frontal region. However, spatial delirium may follow right sub-cortical lesions.Methods:We describe a 53 years-old man who had a reduplicative paramnesia for event alone after an intracerebral haematoma of the right caudate nucleus.Results:MRI Scan showed also an extension of the right caudate nucleus haemorrhage into the ventricular system. Regional cerebral blood flow studied with 99Tcm-HMPAO showed a decrease of perfusion in the right dorso-lateral frontal cortex. To our knowledge, we reported the first case of reduplicative paramnesia of event associated with a right caudate nucleus injury. Similar right frontal deactivation was observed in two cases of reduplicative paramnesia for place, one of them after an infarction of the retro-lenticular portion of the right internal capsulae, the other after a right thalamo-capsular haemorrhage.Conclusion:We suggest that reduplicative paramnesia for event, like the previous cases reported of reduplicative paramnesia for place, may be linked to a subcortical lesion of the frontal lobe inducing a right functional frontal deactivation.
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Rofiq, Asngadi, and Khisbiya Ayatuna Nuzula. "PROSES MORFOLOGIS REDUPLIKASI DALAM BUKU GENERASI OPTIMIS KARYA AHMAD RIFA’I RIF’AN." Jurnal PENEROKA 1, no. 01 (January 4, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/peneroka.v1i01.737.
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This study aims to determine the types of reduplication (rephrase) that are in the motivational book for the Optimist Generation by Rifa'i Rif'an.
The types of reduplication that are dominated in the book Generasi Optimis by Rifa'i Rif'an are complete reduplications, compared to other types of repetition, such as partial repetition, repetition combined with affix affixing processes and repetition with phoneme changes. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research data is the morphological process of using reduplication in a book entitled Generasi Optimis by Ahmad Rifa'i Rif'an. The data collection techniques used in this study were note taking and reading techniques. The results of research on the morphological process of reduplication in the book Optimist Generation by Ahmad Rifa'i Rif'an are one hundred forty-three with details of all eighty-three repetitions, nineteen partial repetitions, and forty-one repetitions with affixes. While the meaning of reduplication used in this study is the meaning which states the meaning of 'many' which is related to the basic form totaling forty-one, states that the meaning of 'many' is not related to the basic form of three, states the meaning that 'the action is in the basic form. performed repeatedly amounting to four, expressing the meaning of 'the highest level that can be achieved amounts to four.
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Wei, Wei, and Rachel Walker. "A Lookahead Effect in Mbe Reduplication: Implications for Harmonic Serialism." Linguistic Inquiry 51, no. 4 (October 2020): 845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00364.
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Various phenomena involving the interaction of reduplication and phonology have been brought to bear on evaluating parallel versus serial theories of phonology. In Base-Reduplicant (BR) Correspondence Theory ( McCarthy and Prince 1995 ), implemented in the classic parallel version of Optimality Theory (P-OT; Prince and Smolensky 1993/2004 ), the mapping from the underlying representation to the surface output is direct, without intermediate stages. In P-OT, the candidate-generating function GEN can simultaneously introduce multiple changes to the input. In contrast, the theory of Serial Template Satisfaction (STS; McCarthy, Kimper, and Mullin (MKM) 2012 ) is an approach to reduplication couched within Harmonic Serialism ( McCarthy 2000 et seq .), a version of OT with serial evaluation that includes intermediate levels of structure. In Harmonic Serialism, GEN is restricted to making no more than one change at each derivational step, a property known as gradualness. An argument put forth in favor of STS is that it does not admit a number of reduplicative patterns that MKM claim are unattested, which are otherwise predicted by BR Correspondence Theory in P-OT ( MKM 2012:225 ). Among these are patterns formerly interpreted as overapplication, backcopying, and underapplication. While such patterns previously served as arguments for BR Correspondence Theory ( McCarthy and Prince 1995 , 1999 ), MKM reexamine those cases and conclude that they do not provide solid evidence against a serial approach. Among the remaining patterns, coda-skipping reduplication and derivational lookahead appear to offer the strongest arguments in favor of STS. These are the two patterns for which the parallel and serial versions of OT make quite distinct predictions. However, recent studies have called the status of arguments involving both patterns into question. Zukoff (2017) shows that STS does not actually exclude coda-skipping reduplication, because certain mechanics that STS employs to account for attested partial onset skipping would predict coda skipping. Adler and Zymet (2017) identify a reduplication pattern in Maragoli that poses a type of lookahead problem for STS: the ordering of reduplication and hiatus-driven glide formation depends on lookahead to the surface form of the reduplicant, which favors a simple onset. In light of the ongoing discussion on these issues, this squib focuses on another kind of lookahead effect in reduplication where the amount of material copied would depend on a subsequent phonological change in the setting of a serial evaluation. Due to the stepwise gradual change in Harmonic Serialism, STS predicts that lookahead effects are not possible, while the potential for multiple, simultaneous changes in P-OT predicts that they exist. In this squib, we argue that a reduplicative affixation in Mbe instantiates a lookahead effect—specifically, one that closely resembles a hypothetical pattern that MKM identify as a problem for STS, were it to be attested. Furthermore, the variation in reduplicant size is arguably a case of “simple-syllable reduplication,” a pattern claimed not to be predicted by STS. This reduplicative pattern in Mbe is straightforwardly accounted for in P-OT. However, in STS the pattern cannot be understood as a lookahead phenomenon, which gives rise to a treatment with unwanted stipulations and complications. We consider three alternatives in STS involving allomorphy or different templatic approaches, but find shortcomings in each.
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Sokolová, Jana. "Lexical Reduplication and Slovak Language." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 67, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2017-0011.
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Abstract The study deals with lexical reduplication which has the status of a peripheral, yet legitimate way of how vocabulary is enlarged in the Slovak language. Its result is a reduplicate, a paradigmatically formed unit which – as a whole – is a reflection of its part. Reduplication (in a wider sense) is defined by a semasiological aspect, particularly in the context of structural isomorphism and distinguishing of a reproductive, replicative and reduplicative type (in a narrow sense) with the use of integrative and integrative-modificatory onomasiological categories. The core of the reduplicates is formed by a determinative type of appositional names. Reduplication is a rich source of mimémata and pragma-lexemes. Reduplicates bring a new quality into the lexicon, the quality with specific semantics and pragmatics which oscillates around the pragmatic principle of relevance and amplification. Ethno-significative model ‘X-neX’ is typical for the Slovak language; and the presence of vocalic and echo reduplicates points at the conceptual unification which is of a more universal nature.
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S.S., M.A., Herawati. "REDUPLIKASI DALAM BAHASA BUGIS DIALEK SINJAI." Multilingual 19, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/multilingual.v19i1.130.
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AbstractThe purpose of the research is to identify the forms of reduplication in Sinjai Bugineses dialect and also its meaning and its function. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data source is the forms of reduplication of the Sinjai Buginese dialect used in daily communication. Data collection techniques uses read and note techniques, while the data analysis method uses sharing method by Immediate Constituent Analysis technique. The result of this study founds some forms of reduplication in Sinjai Buginese dialect as follows: (a) full reduplication, (b) partial reduplication, (c) reduplicative affixes, and (d) initial reduplication. Reduplication can be used to form new words, e.g to form nouns, while it may be used to denote a number of things such as number (plurality, distribution, collectivity), distribution af an argument, tense, aspect, intensity, conditionality, reciprocity, and pretense. Keywords: reduplication, Bugis language, meaning, Sinjai dialect AbstrakPenggunaan bahasa Bugis di Kabupaten Sinjai selain sebagai alat komunikasi sehari-hari, juga sebagai sarana pendukung kebudayaan penuturnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk reduplikasi dalam bahasa Bugis dialek Sinjai beserta fungsi dan maknanya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data berupa bentuk-bentuk reduplikasi yang digunakan oleh penuturnya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik simak dan catat, sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik pilah unsur langsung. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh gambaran bentuk-bentuk reduplikasi dalam bahasa Bugis dialek Sinjai, yaitu: (a) reduplikasi seluruh, (b) reduplikasi sebagian, (c) reduplikasi berimbuhan, dan (d) reduplikasi berubah bentuk. Reduplikasi berfungsi membentuk nomina sedangkan maknanya adalah menyatakan perbuatan frekuentatif, perbuatan untuk beberapa saat lamanya, perbuatan yang dilakukan dengan tidak serius atau gerak sedikit, perbuatan saling, makna agak, makna benda yang menjadi objek atau alat, makna keadaan atau sifat yang disebut oleh bentuk dasar, makna bermacam-macam, makna kumpulan, makna menyerupai atau seperti, makna tiap-tiap, makna intensitas, makna perbandingan sangat atau paling, dan makna hanya atau cuma.Kata Kunci: reduplikasi, bahasa Bugis, makna, dialek Sinjai
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Morshed, Sarwar. "English Reduplicative Loans in Bangla." PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education 9, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/parole.v9i2.117-123.
Full textAbstract:
This small-scale exploratory study attempts to trace and taxonomize English reduplicative loans used in Bangla. Reduplicatives are the products of the morphological process known as ‘reduplication’ i.e. doubling of a word, stem or root. For example, ‘ha ha’, ‘dilly dally’, ‘hocus pocus’ etc. Though reduplication interfaces with both phonology and morphology, it is customarily included in the latter component of linguistics. The prime purpose of this paper is to detect and classify the morphological products in the form of reduplicative loans to Bangla from the English language. For the detection of loan reduplicatives, lexicographic works have been consulted. Social media sites have also contributed to the corpus on which this research is based. Our corpus reveals that Bangla has two types of English-based reduplicative loans – unchanged and changed. The unchanged category includes onomatopoeic and baby-talk reduplicatives. The members of the changed category, on the other hand, undergo different morphological modifications. One visible feature of the changed reduplicatives is that they are not borrowed as direct reduplicatives – initially they are borrowed as a single lexical item and then reduplication is carried out following the morphological rules of Bangla. Numerically speaking, the changed reduplicatives far outnumber the unchanged reduplicatives. There are a few English-based reduplicative loans that have been assimilated into the fabric of Bangla language – these few words are so strongly Banglicized that their English identity is unrecognizable without the help of etymological dictionaries. Apart from this fully integrated small category, there exists another class of loan reduplicatives that has effaced some full, unalloyed, internally sourceable reduplicatives. These guest reduplicatives along with their host peers and pair members have been instrumental in seasoning, salting and peppering Bangla.
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Khachatryan, Lalik. "REDUPLICATION IN OLD ARMENIAN." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 21, no. 1 (April 25, 2022): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v21i1.431.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Reduplicative compounds form a unique group in the word- stock of Armenian translated books of Bible. The study of subject matter of originals reveals the following types of reduplication; a) root–type – gowndagownd (in troops, in regiment), dasadas (in classes), zanazan (different), mec'amec' (very big), charcharanq (torture), p'oghp'oghel (to wave), b) vowel alternation-type and alternation-type - barbar' (dialect), t'o't'ap'el (to toss), kskc'eli (painful) boghboj (blossom), karkam (bent), c) phomenic deletion-type - sasanel (to shake), papand'il (to be silent), dadar (pause, break), babaxel (to beat, to throb), xaxowt (instable), d) root-determinative-type – arhamarhel (to ignore), kokord (throat), tatask (blackthorn) , trtownj (lamentation), twatwanch (ray), e) prepositional-type - de'm y'nd de'm (face to face), xar'n i xowr'n (in random, confusedly), o'r y'st o're' (day by day) & ayln? These types of word-combinations are not completely isolated from each other indeed and any type of root reduplication may exhibit other types of word formation, although we have conditionally placed such words in one type, based on general word-formation patterns. The synchronic investigation of word-stock of Bible first, reveals the word-formation opportunities of Old Armenian. On the other hand, the results of such investigation can become base for diachronic study of word-formation of reduplication.
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Khachatryan, Lalik. "REDUPLICATION IN OLD ARMENIAN." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 21, no. 1 (April 25, 2022): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v21i1.431.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Reduplicative compounds form a unique group in the word- stock of Armenian translated books of Bible. The study of subject matter of originals reveals the following types of reduplication; a) root–type – gowndagownd (in troops, in regiment), dasadas (in classes), zanazan (different), mec'amec' (very big), charcharanq (torture), p'oghp'oghel (to wave), b) vowel alternation-type and alternation-type - barbar' (dialect), t'o't'ap'el (to toss), kskc'eli (painful) boghboj (blossom), karkam (bent), c) phomenic deletion-type - sasanel (to shake), papand'il (to be silent), dadar (pause, break), babaxel (to beat, to throb), xaxowt (instable), d) root-determinative-type – arhamarhel (to ignore), kokord (throat), tatask (blackthorn) , trtownj (lamentation), twatwanch (ray), e) prepositional-type - de'm y'nd de'm (face to face), xar'n i xowr'n (in random, confusedly), o'r y'st o're' (day by day) & ayln? These types of word-combinations are not completely isolated from each other indeed and any type of root reduplication may exhibit other types of word formation, although we have conditionally placed such words in one type, based on general word-formation patterns. The synchronic investigation of word-stock of Bible first, reveals the word-formation opportunities of Old Armenian. On the other hand, the results of such investigation can become base for diachronic study of word-formation of reduplication.
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Khachatryan, Lalik. "REDUPLICATION IN OLD ARMENIAN." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2022): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v9i1.431.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Reduplicative compounds form a unique group in the word- stock of Armenian translated books of Bible. The study of subject matter of originals reveals the following types of reduplication; a) root–type – gowndagownd (in troops, in regiment), dasadas (in classes), zanazan (different), mec'amec' (very big), charcharanq (torture), p'oghp'oghel (to wave), b) vowel alternation-type and alternation-type - barbar' (dialect), t'o't'ap'el (to toss), kskc'eli (painful) boghboj (blossom), karkam (bent), c) phomenic deletion-type - sasanel (to shake), papand'il (to be silent), dadar (pause, break), babaxel (to beat, to throb), xaxowt (instable), d) root-determinative-type – arhamarhel (to ignore), kokord (throat), tatask (blackthorn) , trtownj (lamentation), twatwanch (ray), e) prepositional-type - de'm y'nd de'm (face to face), xar'n i xowr'n (in random, confusedly), o'r y'st o're' (day by day) & ayln? These types of word-combinations are not completely isolated from each other indeed and any type of root reduplication may exhibit other types of word formation, although we have conditionally placed such words in one type, based on general word-formation patterns. The synchronic investigation of word-stock of Bible first, reveals the word-formation opportunities of Old Armenian. On the other hand, the results of such investigation can become base for diachronic study of word-formation of reduplication.
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Idawati, Idawati, Ahmad Tolla, Kamaruddin Kamaruddin, and Ramly Ramly. "Morphosyntax of Tae’ Language (Morfosintaksis Bahasa Tae’)." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0703.08.
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This research aims to convey themorphosyntax in Tae’ language.Thisis descriptive qualitativeresearchsupported by library and field method. The library and field research method aims to find the detail and complete data. Moreover, the researchanalyzes words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in Tae’ languageas primary data.The results show that there are some features that mark morphosyntax in Tae’ language. They are reduplication process, derivational affixation, and sentence structures that describe the word orders of Tae’ language. Reduplications of Tae’ language are containing of full and partial reduplication. Whereas, thederivational affixations of Tae’ language are containing of prefixes and suffixes. The form of prefixes is ma-, ku-, na- di-, and si-. And, the form of suffixes is –i, - ko, and –mu. Those affixes are derived from derivation process namely the basic construction or sentence structures.
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Kouwenberg, Silvia, and Darlene LaCharité. "Arbitrariness and iconicity in total reduplication." Why and How of Total Reduplication: Current Issues and New Perspectives 39, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 971–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.4.03kou.
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This article explores the iconicity of Total Reduplication (TR) and considers how iconicity is manifested in the reduplication of object, event, and attribute-denoting forms in Caribbean Creole (CC) languages. We argue that TR naturally lends itself to a “more of the same content” interpretation, but that iconicity is nevertheless compromised by restrictions on the eligibility of simplex forms as input for TR, arbitrary gaps in the interpretations available for reduplicated forms, and in the frequently attested secondary, affective connotations of the process. Additionally, we point out that the view that the presence of TR and other reduplicative processes in CC languages results from substrate transfer is difficult to maintain in light of the failure to find good parallels for these processes in relevant substrate languages. Thus, the presumed simplicity of iconicity disintegrates upon closer scrutiny.