Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reductive reactions

Academic literature on the topic 'Reductive reactions'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Reductive reactions"

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Koóš, Peter, Martin Markovič, Pavol Lopatka, and Tibor Gracza. "Recent Applications of Continuous Flow in Homogeneous Palladium Catalysis." Synthesis 52, no. 23 (August 3, 2020): 3511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707212.

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Considerable advances have been made using continuous flow chemistry as an enabling tool in organic synthesis. Consequently, the number of articles reporting continuous flow methods has increased significantly in recent years. This review covers the progress achieved in homogeneous palladium catalysis using continuous flow conditions over the last five years, including C–C/C–N cross-coupling reactions, carbonylations and reductive/oxidative transformations.1 Introduction2 C–C Cross-Coupling Reactions3 C–N Coupling Reactions4 Carbonylation Reactions5 Miscellaneous Reactions6 Key to Schematic Symbols7 Conclusion
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Nicholas, Kenneth M., and Chandrasekhar Bandari. "Deoxygenative Transition-Metal-Promoted Reductive Coupling and Cross-Coupling of Alcohols and Epoxides." Synthesis 53, no. 02 (October 7, 2020): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707269.

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AbstractThe prospective utilization of abundant, CO2-neutral, renewable feedstocks is driving the discovery and development of new reactions that refunctionalize oxygen-rich substrates such as alcohols and polyols through C–O bond activation. In this review, we highlight the development of transition-metal-promoted reactions of renewable alcohols and epoxides that result in carbon–carbon bond-formation. These include reductive self-coupling reactions and cross-coupling reactions of alcohols with alkenes and arene derivatives. Early approaches to reductive couplings employed stoichiometric amounts of low-valent transition-metal reagents to form the corresponding hydrocarbon dimers. More recently, the use of redox-active transition-metal catalysts together with a reductant has enhanced the practical applications and scope of the reductive coupling of alcohols. Inclusion of other reaction partners with alcohols such as unsaturated hydrocarbons and main-group organometallics has further expanded the diversity of carbon skeletons accessible and the potential for applications in chemical synthesis. Catalytic reductive coupling and cross-coupling reactions of epoxides are also highlighted. Mechanistic insights into the means of C–O activation and C–C bond formation, where available, are also highlighted.1 Introduction2 Stoichiometric Reductive Coupling of Alcohols3 Catalytic Reductive Coupling of Alcohols3.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis3.2 Homogeneous Catalysis4 Reductive Cross-Coupling of Alcohols4.1 Reductive Alkylation4.2 Reductive Addition to Olefins5 Epoxide Reductive Coupling Reactions6 Conclusions and Future Directions
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Dutta, Lona, Atanu Mondal, and S. S. V. Ramasastry. "Metal‐Free Reductive Aldol Reactions." Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 10, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 680–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.202000693.

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Pal, Sudipta, You-Yun Zhou, and Christopher Uyeda. "Catalytic Reductive Vinylidene Transfer Reactions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 34 (August 17, 2017): 11686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b05901.

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Lin, Ivan J. B., Hayder A. Zahalka, and Howard Alper. "Rhodium catalyzed reductive esterification reactions." Tetrahedron Letters 29, no. 15 (January 1988): 1759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82035-3.

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Anderson, James C., Alexander J. Blake, Paul J. Koovits, and Gregory J. Stepney. "Diastereoselective Reductive Nitro-Mannich Reactions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 77, no. 10 (May 2, 2012): 4711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo300535h.

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Werth, Jacob, Kristen Berger, and Christopher Uyeda. "Cobalt Catalyzed Reductive Spirocyclopropanation Reactions." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 362, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201901293.

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Wang, Zhipeng A., Yan-Yu Liang, and Ji-Shen Zheng. "Reductive Amination/Alkylation Reactions: The Recent Developments, Progresses, and Applications in Protein Chemical Biology Studies." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 6 (August 29, 2018): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179415666180522093905.

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The chemical modifications of proteins or protein complexes have been a challenging but fruitful task in the post-genomic era. Bioorthogonal reactions play an important role for the purpose of selective functionalization, localization, and labeling of proteins with natural or non-natural structures. Among these reactions, reductive amination stands out as one of the typical bioorthogonal reactions with high efficiency, good biocompatibility, and versatile applications. However, not many specific reviews exist to discuss the mechanism, kinetics, and their applications in a detailed manner. In this manuscript, we aim to summarize some current developments and mechanistic studies of reductive amination reaction and its applications. We hope reductive amination reaction can contribute to a wider scope of protein chemistry research en route in the chemical biology frontier as one of the well-known bioorthogonal reactions.
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Paterson, Lorna A., Sandra E. Hill, John R. Mitchell, and John M. V. Blanshard. "Sulphite and oxidative—reductive depolymerization reactions." Food Chemistry 60, no. 2 (October 1997): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(95)00253-7.

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Donohoe, Timothy J., Karl W. Ace, Paul M. Guyo, Madeleine Helliwell, and Jeffrey McKenna. "Reductive aldol reactions on aromatic heterocycles." Tetrahedron Letters 41, no. 7 (February 2000): 989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)02224-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reductive reactions"

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Rodrigo, Sanjeewa K. "Nickel Catalyzed Regioselective Reductive Coupling Reactions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396532622.

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Börjesson, Carazo Marino Rolando. "Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Carboxylation Reactions with Carbon Dioxide." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670249.

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El gas hivernacle principal emès a causa del desenvolupament industrial de la nostra societat és el diòxid de carboni. Com a conseqüència, els darrers anys han estat testimonis del desenvolupament de processos per a la fixació de CO2 en molècules orgàniques. Tot i que l’ús químic del CO2 probablement no reduirà dràsticament la seva concentració a l’atmosfera, el seu baix cost i alta disponibilitat podria ajudar a substituir alguns dels processos industrials establerts que contribueixen al canvi climàtic. En particular, el grup carboxil està present en una gran quantitat de productes farmacèutics, agroquímics o plàstics, entre d’altres, fent de la seva síntesi un objectiu ideal per a l’ús químic de CO2. A diferència de les carboxilacions tradicionals de reactius organometàlics altament polaritzats i sensibles, les reaccions de carboxilació reductiva ofereixen la possibilitat d'utilitzar electròfils simples, representant una alternativa formidable, conceptualitat i practicitat a part, per a aquestes entitats nucleífiques. Aquests estudis de doctorat s’han centrat en el desenvolupament i la comprensió de noves, senzilles i pràctiques reaccions reductives de carboxilacions per produir àcids carboxílics a partir d’electròfils barats i abundants mitjançant la catàlisi Níquel.
El principal gas de efecto invernadero emitido debido al desarrollo industrial de nuestra sociedad es el dióxido de carbono. Como consecuencia, los últimos años han sido testigos del desarrollo de procesos para la fijación de CO2 en moléculas orgánicas. Aunque la utilización química del CO2 probablemente no reducirá drásticamente su concentración en la atmósfera, su bajo costo y alta disponibilidad podrían ayudar a reemplazar algunos de los procesos industriales establecidos que contribuyen al cambio climático. En particular, el grupo carboxilo está presente en una gran cantidad de productos farmacéuticos, agroquímicos o plásticos, entre otros, lo que hace que su síntesis sea un objetivo ideal para la utilización de CO2. A diferencia de las carboxilaciones tradicionales de reactivos organometálicos sensibles altamente polarizados, las reacciones de carboxilación reductora ofrecen la posibilidad de emplear electrófilos simples, que representan una formidable alternativa, conceptualidad y practicidad a un lado, para tales entidades nucleofílicas. Estos estudios de doctorado se han centrado en el desarrollo y la comprensión de reacciones de carboxilaciones reductoras nuevas, simples y prácticas para producir ácidos carboxílicos a partir de electrófilos económicos y abundantes mediante catálisis de Níquel.
The primary greenhouse gas emitted due to the industrial development of our society is carbon dioxide. As a consequence, the recent years have witnessed the development of processes for the fixation of CO2 into organic molecules. Although the chemical utilization of CO2 will most likely not dramatically reduce its concentration in the atmosphere, its low cost and high availability could potentially help replace some of the established industrial processes that contribute to climate change. In particular, the carboxylic acid motif is present on a myriad of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals or plastics, among others, making their synthesis an ideal target for CO2 chemical utilization. Unlike traditional carboxylations of highly polarized, sensitive organometallic reagents, reductive carboxylation reactions offer the possibility to employ simple electrophiles, representing a formidable alternative, conceptuality and practicality aside, to such nuclephilic entities. These doctoral studies have focused on the development and understanding of new, simple and practical reductive carboxylations reactions to produce carboxylic acids from inexpensive and abundant electrophiles by means of Ni-catalysis.
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Serrano, Robledo Eloísa Sofía. "Amide Formation via Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions with Isocyanates." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586084.

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Recentment, les reaccions d’acoblament creuat entre electròfils s’han posicionat com a potents alternatives a les reaccions clàssiques d’acoblament creuat entre electròfils orgànics i nucleòfils organometàl•lics. Aquests acoblaments reductius presenten nombrosos avantatges degut a que utilitzen compostos de partida simples i fàcilment assequibles que eviten la necessitat de sintetitzar espècies organometàl•liques sensibles a la humitat i a l’oxigen. Com a conseqüència, els protocols experimentals són pràctics i les condicions de reacció són suaus. A causa de la ubiqüitat de les amides en molècules biològicament actives tals com pèptids, agroquímics, productes farmacèutics o materials sintètics, s’ha impulsat un continu desenvolupament de nous mètodes eficients basats en la síntesis d’amides. La present tesis doctoral, està centrada en el desenvolupament de nous acoblaments reductius creuats catalitzats per níquel per la síntesis d’amides utilitzant isocianats com a sintons. Concretament, es presenta i es desenvolupa un nou protocol destinat a la síntesis d’amides alifàtiques a partir de bromurs d’alquil primaris, secundaris i terciaris combinats amb isocianats d’aril o d’alquil. Tanmateix, s’inclou el desenvolupament d’una metodologia per la hidroamidació altament diastereoselectiva d’alquins ans isocianats per la formació d’acilamides. Aquest protocol utilitza bromurs d’alquil com a font per la formació d’hidrurs in situ. Finalment, es presenta una discussió dels resultats preliminars sobre l’amidació regiodivergent, retentiva i remota de bromurs d’alquil secundaris inactius. Les transformacions desenvolupades aquí constitueixen nous mètodes per la síntesi d’amides mitjançant la formació d’enllaços C-C catalitzada per metalls i es caracteritza per les condicions suaus, l’ampli abast de la reacció, la seva excel•lent regioselectivitat i alta tolerància amb diversos grups funcionals.
Recientemente, las reacciones de acoplamiento cruzado entre electrófilos se han posicionado como potentes alternativas a las reacciones clásicas de acoplamiento cruzado entre electrófilos orgánicos y nucleófilos organometálicos. Dichos acoplamientos reductivos ofrecen numerosas ventajas, ya que utilizan compuestos de partida simples y fácilmente asequibles que evitan la necesidad de sintetizar especies organometálicas sensibles a la humedad y al oxígeno. Debido a ello, los protocolos experimentales son prácticos y las condiciones de reacción suaves. La ubiquidad de las amidas en moléculas biológicamente activas tales como péptidos, agroquímicos y productos farmacéuticos, así como en materiales sintéticos, impulsa continuamente el desarrollo de nuevos métodos para la síntesis eficiente de amidas. La presente Tesis Doctoral, se centra en el desarrollo de nuevos acoplamientos reductivos cruzados catalizados por níquel para la síntesis de amidas, utilizando isocianatos como el sintón correspondiente a la amida. Específicamente, se presenta un nuevo protocolo para la síntesis de amidas alifáticas a partir de bromuros de alquilo primarios, secundarios y terciarios en combinación con isocianatos de arilo y alquilo. Asimismo, se incluye el desarrollo de una metodología para la hidroamidación altamente diastereoselectiva de alquinos con isocianatos para la formación de acrilamidas. Dicho protocolo utiliza bromuros de alquilo como fuentes suaves para la formación de hidruros in situ. Finalmente, se discuten resultados preliminares sobre la amidación regiodivergente, retentiva y remota, de bromuros de alquilo secundarios inactivados. Las transformaciones desarrolladas aquí constituyen nuevos métodos para la síntesis de amidas mediante la formación de enlaces C-C catalizada por metales y se caracterizan por sus condiciones suaves, su amplio alcance de reacción, su excelente regioselectividad y alta tolerancia a diversos grupos funcionales.
Recently, cross-electrophile couplings have become powerful alternatives to classical cross-coupling reactions that are based on nucleophile/electrophile regimes. Starting from readily available building blocks, reductive couplings are practical and mild protocols that circumvent the use of moisture and air-sensitive organometallic species. The ubiquity of amides in biologically relevant molecules such as peptides, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as in polymers, continually prompts the design of novel methods for amide synthesis. This Doctoral Thesis focuses on the development of novel nickel-catalyzed reductive protocols for the synthesis of amides using isocyanates as the amide synthon. Specifically, we have discovered a novel protocol for the synthesis of aliphatic amides from primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides in combination with aryl and alkyl isocyanates. A methodology for the highly diastereoselective hydroamidation of alkynes with isocyanates to afford acrylamides has been developed, with alkyl bromides used as in situ and mild hydride sources. Finally, efforts towards the regiodivergent retentive and chain-walking amidation of unactivated acyclic secondary alkyl bromides are discussed. The transformations developed herein are characterized by their mild conditions, wide substrate scope and excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, and constitute novel methods for the formation of amides via metal-catalyzed C—C bond formation.
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Joensuu, Pekka Matias. "Development of catalytic stereoselective reductive aldol reactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2576.

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The chemistry of enolates can be considered one of the cornerstone areas in organic chemistry. Regioselective generation of an enolate in the presence of several enolisable sites can often prove to be a difficult task. Discoveries in recent years have led to new areas of enolate formation in the presence of other carbonyl groups. These include reductive aldol chemistry where direct reductive aldol coupling of an alpha,beta - unsaturated carbonyl group in presence of a carbonyl electrophile enables often perfectly regioselective reactions to occur. This tandem conjugate reductionelectrophilic trapping process enables the reaction to be performed in a “one-pot” manner. The first examples of asymmetric copper-catalysed reductive aldol reactions have been developed for the formation of a range of beta-hydroxylactone products. A combination of Cu(OAc)2.H2O with different bisphosphine ligands catalyses these intramolecular reductive aldol reactions. TMDS (1,1,3,3-tetramethylhydrosiloxane) is used as a stoichiometric hydride source. The reaction proceeds with high relative stereocontrol (>19:1 dr), while absolute stereocontrol remains modest (up to 83% ee). The yields range from moderate to good. A continuous search for improved reaction conditions led to the discovery that cobalt-catalysed reductive aldol reactions have an advantage over the coppercatalysed reaction in the cases where 4-hydroxypiperidin-2-one products are formed. When Co(acac)2·H2O is used together with Et2Zn as the stoichiometric reductant, an increased substrate scope is observed while the diastereoselectivity of the reaction remains high. Yields are also remarkably higher compared to the results obtained with the copper catalyst. These reaction conditions are also used to perform intermolecular reductive aldol reactions between a range of alpha,beta-unsaturated amides and ketones. The reactions proceed readily with high diastereoselectivities (up to >19:1 syn:anti) and good yields. Asymmetric variants have been studied by the use of a chiral oxazolidine auxiliary. Although good selectivities have been obtained, this method currently suffers from the fact that the chiral auxiliary is difficult to cleave. Ni(acac)2 was also found to perform the intramolecular reductive aldol reaction. Et2Zn was again used as the stoichiometric reductant. The nickel-catalysed reaction increased the reaction scope still further. This time both beta-hydroxylactone and 4-hydroxypiperidin-2-one products were readily formed. The former proceeded with increased yields compared to those obtained with the copper catalyst, and, the latter with comparable results to those obtained with the cobalt catalyst.
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Gallagher, P. "The reductive decomposition of bis-diazo-alkanes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381343.

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Mc, Geehin Peter Kevin Mark. "Hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis and reductive fission reactions of cis dihydrodiols." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252284.

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Chakraborty, Satyajit. "Studies on oxidative and reductive reactions of carbocyclic compounds." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/709.

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Fung, Chi-ming Kelvin. "Synthesis and applications of copper hydride complexes in reductive reactions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36388208.

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Fung, Chi-ming Kelvin, and 馮志明. "Synthesis and applications of copper hydride complexes in reductive reactions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36388208.

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Mendiratta, Arjun. "Reductive coupling and related reactions with Mo and Ti tris- anilides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32483.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2005.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter 1: The capability of Mo(N[t-BulAr)₃ to act as a powerful one, two, and three electron reductant have been previously demonstrated. In this work, we show that Mo(NIt-BulAr)₃ forms a metastable adduct with the moderate [pi] acid PhCN; coordination of PhCN activates the nitrile carbon towards reaction with a variety of one-electron reagents such as dichalcogenides, nitric oxide, hydrogen atom donors, cobaltocene, and elemental phosphorus. Evidence is presented for the existence of an inner-sphere electron transfer mechanism for these reactions. Chapter 2: With the facile cleavage of N₂ by Mo(Njt-Bu]Ar)₃ already established, a Mo(NIt-Bu]Ar)₃-mediated process for the incorporation of N₂ into organic molecules is an exciting prospect; its realization depends critically on the development of methods for cleavage of the Mo-N bond formed in the early stages of the process. In this chapter, we demonstrate that appropriately-substituted Mo(IV) ketiminates (synthesized using the methods of Chapter 1) undergo [beta]-elimination to cleave the Mo-N bond and liberate PhCN. We present the kinetics of the reaction, substituent effects, and-in three cases - activation parameters. Chapter 3: Deprotonation of the titanium formate complex (ArIt-BuJN)₃TiOC(O)H with LiN(i-Pr)₂ resulted in the release of free CO and the formation of a titanium(IV) oxoanion complex, isolated as its lithium salt. Chapter 4: Previous work from these labs has shown that the unique combination of well-defined composition, steric bulk, and strong reducing ability embodied in Ti(N[t- Bu]Ar)₃ lends itself particularly well to mechanistic studies of the classical Pinacol coupling.
(cont.) As shown in Chapter 1, a similar relationship can be drawn between Mo(NIt- BulAr)₃ and reductive nitrile coupling. In this chapter we draw on this mechanistic understanding to develop three new classes of reductive cross-couplings: nitrile is coupled with pyridine to form dihydropyridines, with benzophenone to form substituted 1,4-cyclohexadienes, and with carbon dioxide to form a-iminocarboxylates.
by Arjun Mendiratta.
Ph.D.
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Books on the topic "Reductive reactions"

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Henderson, Richard A. The mechanisms of reactions at transition metal sites. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Final report...for heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of atmospheric trace contaminants. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Final report...for heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of atmospheric trace contaminants. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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W, Rees Charles, ed. Electron transfer reactions in organic chemistry. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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1946-, Isied Stephan S., ed. Electron transfer reactions: Inorganic, organometallic, and biological applications. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997.

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Prousek, Josef. Reakce iniciované přenosem elektronu. Praha: Academia, 1988.

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Humiston, T. J. Production-scale direct oxide reduction demonstration. Edited by Santi D. J, Long J. L, Rockwell International. Rocky Flats Plant, and United States. Dept. of Energy. Albuquerque Operations Office. Golden, Colo: Rockwell International, Aerospace Operations, Rocky Flats Plant, 1989.

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1936-, Balzani Vincenzo, ed. Electron transfer in chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2001.

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Organic redox systems: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

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Geoghegan, Susan M. Modulating the redox propertoes of a flavoprotein; cloning, expression and site-directed mutagenesis of flavodoxin from M. elsdenii. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reductive reactions"

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Li, Jie Jack. "Borch reductive amination." In Name Reactions, 66–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03979-4_32.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Borch reductive amination." In Name Reactions, 58–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01053-8_28.

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Balch, A. L. "Reductive Procedures." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 98–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145296.ch82.

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Gras, J. L. "Reductive Hydrolysis." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 206–7. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145319.ch65.

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Atwood, David A. "Reductive Elimination Reactions." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 183–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145296.ch179.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Eschweiler–Clarke Reductive Amination." In Name Reactions, 182–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50865-4_48.

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Beller, Matthias, and Xiao Feng Wu. "Reductive Carbonylations." In Transition Metal Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions, 53–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39016-6_3.

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Dräger, M., and N. Kleiner. "By Reductive Processes." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 104–5. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145234.ch74.

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Balch, A. L. "Binuclear Reductive Elimination." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 95. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145296.ch76.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Clarke-Eschweiler reductive alkylation of amines." In Name Reactions, 76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05336-2_62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reductive reactions"

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Paz, Manuel. "The Reactions of Mitomycin C with Dithiols I. Reductive Activation." In The 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-14-00482.

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Zhang, Chun-Lin, De-Chang Liu, and Han-Ping Chen. "The Effects of Heterogeneous Reactions on the Reduction of NO in Petroleum-Coke-Fired Fluidized Beds." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78085.

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Because of high heating value, low volatile, high nitrogen content and high sulfur content, some kinds of petroleum coke are only suitable for use as fuel, especially combusted in fluidized beds. Based on experiments in a 1t/h fluidized bed, we found that lots of NO and N2O were emitted, and they reached to 780ppm and 150ppm respectively. By analyzing the contributions of char-N and volatile-N to the formation of NO and N2O, we also found it was more important to control the combustion of char to reduce the emission of NO and N2O. This paper tried to find a denitrification agent that could work as desulfuration agent in fluidized beds. We chose Fe as the denitrification agent. The influence of iron on the reduction of NO was studied on. The effects of petroleum-coke char, CO and limestone on the reaction of iron and NO were investigated in a bench scale fluidized bed. Quantitative Fe and petroleum coke char were added into a quartz sand bed respectively, the conversions of NO between these conditions were compared with. The results showed that the ability of Fe to reduce NO was much stronger than the char, and the conversion of NO almost reached to 100%. After minutes that depended on the amount of Fe, Fe was oxidized to oxide of Fe, and the conversion of NO decreased. Petroleum coke char could deoxidize the oxide of Fe. Fe that mixed with petroleum coke char could apparently increase the reaction time of Fe and NO. CO was also a reductive agent of the oxide of Fe, but the effect was not strong as char. Limestone little increased the conversion of NO. From the experiments, we suggested that iron or its oxides would be a possible denitrification agent to reduce NO in fluidized beds in situ.
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De Oliveira Vigier, Karine, Christophe Coutanceau, and Steve Baranton. "Electro-oxidation of glycerol and diglycerol in the presence of Pt or Pd-based electrocatalyst follows by the reductive amination of the products obtained." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/olba8004.

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The selective electro-oxidation of bio-based organic molecules such as glycerol, polyglycerols, saccharides and furanic compounds has received particular attention in recent years, due to the high value-added compounds that result and their numerous industrial applications. Electrochemical methods are therefore well suited for the controlled oxidation of small organic molecules in aqueous media. Glycerol valorization through partial oxidation is a good way of obtaining many different molecules with high added value such as glyceric acid, tartronic acid, dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde etc., that can find various applications in different domains such as organic chemistry, medical, and cosmetic industries. Here we have studied the electro-oxidation of glycerol in the presence of Pt or Pd-based catalysts. The development of mono- and bimetallic catalysts based on platinum on the one hand and palladium on the other hand for the electro-oxidation of glycerol is a very important goal to direct the reaction pathways to desired products.            Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by the water-in-oil microemulsion method were characterized by physicochemical (TEM, XRD, ATG, SAA and ICP-OES) and electrochemical (active surface and surface composition study) methods in order to obtain a correlation between surface structure and electrochemical response. The reactivity of glycerol and diglycerol in alkaline medium was evaluated to determine the catalyst offering the best conversion. A selectivity study of these catalysts was performed by in situ infrared spectroscopy to determine the reaction intermediates. The distribution of reaction products was determined by HPLC analysis and 1H and 13C NMR analyses.            Reductive amination reactions with ammonia on the one hand and n-butylamine on the other hand on products identified as being of interest (glyceraldehyde/dihydroxyacetone) were carried out in the presence of hydrogen and catalyzed by palladium-based nanoparticles dispersed on carbon.
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Manovic, Vasilije, and Borislav Grubor. "An Improved Model of Sulfur Self-Retention by Coal Ash During Coal Combustion in FBC." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78020.

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During combustion of coal a significant amount of sulfur may be retained in ash due to the reactions between mineral matter in coal and sulfur oxides. This process is known as sulfur self-retention and its significance lies in the fact that a part of sulfur oxides, one of the main pollutants during combustion of coal, is not released in the atmosphere. Sulfur self-retention is influenced by parameters that depend on coal characteristics and combustion conditions. The interest for this process was enhanced with the introduction of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) technology since the temperatures and other conditions are favorable for sulfur self-retention. Investigation of this process, primarily modeling, is the subject of this work. The presented model is based on the previously developed model for the combustion of porous char particles under FBC conditions, along with a changing grain size model of sulfation of the CaO grains dispersed throughout the char particle volume. Incorporating the phenomena of sintering, reduction of the produced CaSO4 with CO, thermal decomposition of the produced CaSO4, as well as allowing for the different reactivity of various forms of calcium make major improvements of the model. A temperature dependent relation for the CaO grain radius takes sintering into account. Reductive and thermal decomposition were taken into account by the corresponding reaction rate constants of the Arrhenius type. The reactivity of the calcium forms in coal was considered by different initial radius of the CaO grains. The model was verified by the experimental results of sulfur self-retention of three Serbian coals during combustion in a fluidized bed combustion reactor. The comparison with the experimentally obtained results showed that the model can adequately predict the levels of the obtained values of sulfur self-retention efficiencies, as well as the influence of temperature, coal type and coal particle size.
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Contou-Carrere, M. N., and P. Daoutidis. "Model reduction for reaction-convection processes with fast and slow reactions." In 2003 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2003.7086549.

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Mazumder, Sandip, and Ankan Kumar. "The In Situ Adaptive Tabulation (ISAT) Algorithm for Reacting Flow Computations With Complex Surface Chemistry." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17694.

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The In Situ Adaptive Tabulation (ISAT) procedure, originally developed for the efficient computation of homogeneous reactions in chemically reacting flows, is adapted and demonstrated for reacting flow computations with complex heterogeneous (or surface) reactions. The treatment of heterogeneous reactions within a reacting flow calculation requires solution of a set of nonlinear differential algebraic equations at boundary faces/nodes, as opposed to the solution of an initial value problem for which the original ISAT procedure was developed. The modified ISAT algorithm, referred to as ISAT-S, is coupled to a three-dimensional unstructured reacting flow solver, and strategies for maximizing efficiency without hampering accuracy and convergence are developed. These include use of multiple binary tables, use of dynamic tolerance values to control errors, and periodic deletion and/or re-creation of the binary tables. The new procedure is demonstrated for steady-state catalytic combustion of a methane-air mixture on platinum using a 24-step reaction mechanism with 19 species, and for steady-state three-way catalytic conversion using a 61-step mechanism with 34 species. Both reaction mechanisms are first tested in simple 3D channel geometry with reacting walls, and the impact of various ISAT parameters is investigated. As a final step, the catalytic combustion mechanism is demonstrated in a laboratory-scale monolithic catalytic converter geometry with 57 channels discretized using 354,300 control volumes (4.6 million unknowns). For all of the cases considered, the reduction in the time taken to perform surface chemistry calculations alone was found to be a factor of 5–11.
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Bach, Fr W., Z. Babiak, T. Duda, T. Rothgardt, and G. Tegeder. "Impact of Self Propagating High Temperature Synthesis of Spraying Materials on Coatings Based on Aluminium and Metal-Oxides." In ITSC2001, edited by Christopher C. Berndt, Khiam A. Khor, and Erich F. Lugscheider. ASM International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p0497.

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Abstract The properties of thermal sprayed coatings depend mainly on the thermal and kinetic energy of the spray particles. Increase of thermal energy of sprayed particles can be realized using exothermic reactions between components in sprayed particles. Self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) is especially suitable to benefit from released energy in the spraying process. At present most commonly used spray material with exothermal reaction is Ni+Al. However, the highest amount of heat is produced in the reactions of aluminium and metal oxides. Of special interest are Cr2O3, NiO, CuO and V2O5 because they obtain high reaction energies. Furthermore products of the reaction are of special, functional interest like NiAl as bonding agent or alumina as a wear resistant coating. To assure good contact between reacting substances (Al/Oxides) powders for plasma spraying were prepared by mechanical alloying. Calorimetric investigations of plasma sprayed coatings prove that during spraying Al reacts exothermically with oxides. Increase of oxide contents improves coating adhesion/ cohesion properties, hardness, and reduction of porosity. Results are discussed on the base of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray structure analysis (XRD).
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Obertelli, A. "Shell Gap Reduction In Exotic N = 17 Nuclei." In FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE, ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS - FINUSTAR. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2200921.

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Kuznetsov, Vladmir V., Oleg V. Vitovsky, and Stanislav P. Kozlov. "Heat and Mass Transfer With Chemical Reactions Producing Hydrogen in Microchannels." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58203.

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The reduction of effective transfer length on microscale eliminates the external diffusion limitation on reaction rate and makes it possible to realize the non-equilibrium chemical reactions. The peculiarities of methane and carbon monoxide steam reforming in a minichannel reactor with activation of reactions on thin film catalyst prepared by nanotechnology are considered in this paper. Consistent accomplishment of these reactions can increase the hydrogen yield and reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the product. Steam reforming of methane was studied on Rh/Al2O3 nanocatalyst deposited on the inner wall of the annular minichannel. Steam reforming of carbon monoxide was studied at Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 nanocatalyst deposited on the walls of the minichannel plate. The procedure of catalyst preparation which makes the nanoparticles of two nanometers in size is developed. The catalyst has uniform fraction of nanoparticles and optimal oxygen mobility in the lattice of carrier. During tests the data on the composition of the reacting gas mixture in temperature range from 200 C to 940 C were obtained including data on conversion in controlled temperature field when hydrogen content in the product reaches 68% and carbon monoxide content reduces to 1%. Methane steam reforming and water gas shift reaction in the minichannel were modeled numerically. The detailed information on the temperature and species concentration fields has been obtained, and kinetics of multistage reactions was defined when the external heat is supplied to proceed the steam reforming. The temperature regimes of high conversion of methane and carbon monoxide were defined and discussed in connection with the experimental data.
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YASHIRO, Y., H. TAKAHASHI, N. YAMASAKI, and T. KORI. "ORGANIC COMPOUND SYNTHESIS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE BY HYDROTHERMAL REDUCTION." In Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Hydrothermal Reactions. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812705228_0004.

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Reports on the topic "Reductive reactions"

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Berry, John. Novel Homogeneous Electrocatalysts for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1670696.

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Schlautman, Mark A. Optimizing Metalloporphyrin-Catalyzed Reduction Reactions for In Situ Remediation of DOE Contaminants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1087345.

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Scott C. Brooks, Wenming Dong, Sue Carroll, Jim Fredrickson, Ken Kemner, and Shelly Kelly. Aqueous Complexation Reactions Governing the Rate and Extent of Biogeochemical U(VI) Reduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895942.

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Scott C. Brooks, Wenming Dong, Sue Carroll, James K. Fredrickson, Kenneth M. Kemner, and Shelly D. Kelly. Aqueous Complexation Reactions Governing the Rate and Extent of Biogeochemical U(VI) Reduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896202.

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Kemner, K. M., S. D. Kelly, Scott C. Brooks, Wenming Dong, Sue Carroll, and James K. Fredrickson. Aqueous complexation reactions governing the rate and extent of biogeochemical U(VI) reduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896239.

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Neta, P. Redox Reactions of Metalloporphyrins and their Role in Catalyzed Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836561.

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Burgos, William D., Eric E. Roden, and Gour-Tsyh Yeh. Reaction-Based Reactive Transport Modeling of Fe(III) and U(V) Reduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893413.

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Lang, Mark, and Douglas Shackelford. Capitalization of Capital Gains Taxes: Evidence from Stock Price Reactions to the 1997 Rate Reduction. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6885.

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Peng, Ciyan, Jing Chen, Sini Li, and Jianhe Li. Comparative Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Injections Combined Western medicine for Non-small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0068.

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Review question / Objective: Advanced lung cancer has become the top malignant tumor in terms of morbidity and mortality, and Chinese herbal injections combined with western drugs have been widely used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer. For this purpose, we conducted a Bayesian network analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy of different herbal injections combined with western drugs in the treatment of NSCLC. Subjects: Patients diagnosed with NSCLC by pathological or cytological examination, locally advanced or those who refused surgical treatment were included, regardless of gender, age, stage, race, nationality and sample size; Interventions: Chinese herbal injections combined with three types of commonly used western drugs (platinum, targeted and immune agents) were used in the experimental group, while the control group was treated with western drugs alone; Study type: to report the efficacy of Chinese herbal injections combined with western drugs in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer efficacy in a randomized controlled trial (rct) Eligible. No restrictions were imposed on language, year of publication, or publication status. Ending indicators: Main ending indicators: (1) disease control rate (DCR), DCR = (complete remission + partial remission + stable)/total number of cases. Efficacy rate = (number of improvement cases + number of stable cases)/total number of cases. (2) Secondary outcome indicators: quality of life, determined according to the KPS behavioral status scale, improvement was defined as an increase of ≥10 points in KPS score after treatment; stability was defined as an increase or decrease of <10 points in KPS score; decline was defined as a decrease of ≥10 points in KPS score. (3) The incidence of adverse reactions, including gastrointestinal reactions, white blood cell (WBC) reduction, hemoglobin (HGB) reduction, platelet (PLT) reduction, etc.
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Adzic, Radoslav, and Michael Furey. Develop Novel Pt Monolayer Electrocatalysts to Facilitate Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) for PEM Fuel Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095905.

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