Journal articles on the topic 'Reductive failure'
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Sairam, Thiagarajan, Gobinath Shanmugam, Madhusudhanan Narasimhan, Meenu Subramanian, Amit N. Patel, Rajendran Gopalan, Ramalingam Sankaran, and Rajasekaran Namakkal Soorappan. "Evidence for Reductive Stress in the Heart Failure Patients." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 112 (November 2017): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.059.
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Benjamin, Ivor. "MITOCHONDRIAL-CYTONUCLEAR CROSSTALK AND OXIDO-REDUCTIVE STRESS IN HEART FAILURE." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 65 (November 2013): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.407.
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Shanmugam, Gobinath, Madhusudhanan Narasimhan, Silvio H. Litovsky, Jolyn Fernandes, Kevin Whitehead, John R. Hoidal, Thomas W. Kensler, Dean P. Jones, E. Dale Abel, and Namakkal-Soorapppan Rajasekaran. "Constitutive Activation of Nrf2 Causes Hyper-Reductive State and Heart Failure." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 112 (November 2017): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.061.
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David, Matthew, and Cynthia Meersohn Schmidt. "Power and Counter-Power: Knowledge Structure and the Limits of Control." Sociological Research Online 24, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418797717.
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In this article, we explore Susan Strange’s multidimensional and non-reductive international political economy (IPE) approach to structural power. Strange’s key weakness is the failure to account for her knowledge structure’s regulative form relative to her security, production and financial structures. We seek to develop Strange’s account through the addition of Manuel Castells’ account of digital network structures. Castells’ morphogenic structural approach to digital network power helps to clarify the mechanisms by which today’s knowledge structure achieves autonomy, internal regulation and generative capacity. This sociological completion of Strange’s theory, an international socio-political economy approach as it were, better explains the capacity and limits of today’s digital network knowledge structure to resist reduction to other structural interests. Strange’s non-reductive structural approach to power is significant for sociology as it helps identify ‘social order’ in a global age, but an additional sociological dimension is also necessary for the fulfilment of Strange’s theoretical project.
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Zhu, Siqi, Hongyang Sun, Hongjuan Geng, Deping Liu, Xu Zhang, Qing Cai, and Xiaoping Yang. "Dual functional polylactide–hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for bone regeneration with nano-silver being loaded via reductive polydopamine." RSC Advances 6, no. 94 (2016): 91349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12100d.
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In bone tissue engineering, scaffolding materials with antibacterial function are required to avoid failure in treating infected bone defects, and poly(l-lactide) - hydroxyapatite nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles are good choices for the purpose.
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Li, Yunlong, Baoying Wang, Yafeng Chang, Yuting Yang, Chunzhi Yao, Xinqi Huang, Jinbo Zhang, Zucong Cai, and Jun Zhao. "Reductive soil disinfestation effectively alleviates the replant failure of Sanqi ginseng through allelochemical degradation and pathogen suppression." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103, no. 8 (February 15, 2019): 3581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09676-4.
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Gwoździński, K., M. Janicka, J. Brzeszczyńska, and M. Luciak. "Changes in red blood cell membrane structure in patients with chronic renal failure." Acta Biochimica Polonica 44, no. 1 (March 31, 1997): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1997_4445.
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The properties of red blood cell membranes in patients with chronic renal failure were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using spin traps, 5,5-dimethylpirroline-1 oxide and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, we found generation of hydroxyl radicals in the blood of patients with chronic renal failure after 20 min of regular hemodialysis. The physical state of membrane proteins and membrane osmotic fragility and reductive properties of red blood cells were studied. The increase in the relative correlation time of 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1 oxyl indicates the immobilization of membrane protein molecules in erythrocytes of chronic renal failure patients. The decrease in membrane protein mobility was observed in whole blood incubated with tert-butylhydroperoxide, regardless of the presence of iron. We found that the addition of ferrous ions did not aggravate profound changes in membrane proteins induced with tert-butylhydroperoxide. We also demonstrated higher osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in the patients with renal failure as compared to normal subjects. These alterations in membrane structure of red blood cells in hemodialysed patients suggest that hydroxyl radicals generated during hemodialysis can play an important role in the oxidative mechanism of erythrocyte damage.
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Meyer, R. G., W. Herr, A. Helisch, P. Bartenstein, and I. Buchmann. "Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome." Nuklearmedizin 44, no. 03 (2005): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625714.
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SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.
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Rajasekaran, Namakkal S., Matthew A. Firpo, Brett A. Milash, Robert B. Weiss, and Ivor J. Benjamin. "Global expression profiling identifies a novel biosignature for protein aggregation R120GCryAB cardiomyopathy in mice." Physiological Genomics 35, no. 2 (October 2008): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00297.2007.
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Protein aggregation cardiomyopathy is a life-threatening manifestation of a multisystem disorder caused by the exchange mutation in the gene encoding the human small heat shock protein αB-crystallin (hR120GCryAB). Genetic studies in mice have established cardiac hR120GCryAB expression causes increased activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and “reductive stress” (Rajasekaran et al., Cell 130: 427–439, 2007). However, the initiating molecular events in the pathogenesis of this novel toxic gain-of-function mechanism remain poorly defined. In an integrated systems approach using gene expression profiling, we identified a “biosignature,” whose features can be validated to predict the onset, rate of progression, and clinical outcome of R120GCryAB cardiomyopathy. At the 3 mo disease-related but compensated stage, we demonstrate that transcripts were only upregulated in three distinct pathways: stress response (e.g., Hsp70, Hsp90), glutathione metabolism (Gpx1, Gpx3, glutathione S-transferase), and complement and coagulation cascades in hR120GCryAB transgenic mouse hearts compared with either hCryAB WT transgenic mice or nontransgenic controls. In 6 mo old myopathic hearts, ribosomal synthesis and cellular remodeling associated with increased cardiac hypertrophy were additional upregulated pathways. In contrast, the predominant downregulated pathways were for oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, intermediate metabolism, and energetic balance, supporting their primary pathogenic roles by which G6PD-dependent reductive stress causes cardiac decompensation and overt heart failure in hR120GCryAB cardiomyopathy. This study extends and confirms our previous findings that reductive stress is a causal mechanism for hR120G CryAB cardiomyopathy and demonstrates that alteration in glutathione pathway gene expression is an early biosignature with utility for presymptomatic detection.
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Kim, Myung Ji, So Hee Park, Keun Young Park, Hyun Ho Jung, Jong Hee Chang, Jin Woo Chang, Jae Whan Lee, and Won Seok Chang. "Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Followed by Flow-Reductive Embolization for Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051318.
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Background: Aggressive treatment to achieve complete obliteration of brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is necessary in patients with a recent history of hemorrhage. The major drawback of Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) alone for AVM is risk of bleeding during the latent period until the AVM occludes. At our center, patients who present with ruptured AVMs are frequently offered GKRS followed by embolization. The goal of this study was to compare outcomes of embolization for patients who have previously undergone GKRS for ruptured AVMs. Methods: A database including 150 GKRS for ruptured AVMs between November 2008 and October 2017 was reviewed. The embolized group was selected by including AVMs with post-GKRS embolization. The non-embolized group was defined as AVMs treated by GKRS alone. Outcomes including obliteration rate, incidence of repeat hemorrhage, and delayed cyst formation were compared between two groups. The predictive factors related to AVM obliteration and complications were analyzed. Results: The study consisted of 81 patients in the non-embolized group and 17 patients in the embolized group. Statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups with respect to age, Pollock-Flickinger score, Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, eloquence of adjacent brain, and presence of aneurysms. The embolized group included more AVMs with larger median nidus volume. The predictive factors for the obliteration of ruptured AVMs were nidus volume, SM grade, Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale (VRAS), and Pollock-Flickinger score and for the subsequent hemorrhage were marginal dose, nidus volume, SM grade, VRAS, and Pollock-Flickinger score. The obliteration rates and complication rates after GKRS between groups were not significantly different. However, this study demonstrated statistically significant difference in the cumulative incidence of obliteration in AVMs with SM grade III and IV (p = 0.037). Conclusion: Although the current study demonstrated similar results in patients who underwent GKRS with and without embolization, the embolized group included more AVMs with larger nidus volume, higher SM grade, Pollock-Flickinger score, and aneurysm, which have a lower chance of obliteration and a higher probability of repeat hemorrhage. GKRS followed by embolization appears to be a beneficial approach for the treatment of ruptured AVMs that are at risk for obliteration failure and repeat hemorrhage during the latency period after single-session GKRS alone. Further studies involving a larger number of cases and continuous follow-up are necessary to confirm our conclusions.
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JUNIOR, J. T., L. F. MOURA, and G. PINTAUDE. "FALSE FAILURE INDEX REDUCTION IN COLD-START DYNAMOMETER USING STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL." Revista SODEBRAS 15, no. 180 (December 2020): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29367/issn.1809-3957.15.2020.180.154.
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Parandeh, Fariborz, Stefan Amisten, Gaurav Verma, Israa Mohammed Al-Amily, Pontus Dunér, and Albert Salehi. "Inhibitory effect of UDP-glucose on cAMP generation and insulin secretion." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 45 (August 27, 2020): 15245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.012929.
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Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a global disease caused by the inability of pancreatic β-cells to secrete adequate insulin. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the failure of β-cells to respond to glucose in T2D remains unknown. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of UDP-glucose (UDP-G), a P2Y14-specific agonist, in the regulation of insulin release using human isolated pancreatic islets and INS-1 cells. P2Y14 was expressed in both human and rodent pancreatic β-cells. Dose-dependent activation of P2Y14 by UDP-G suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and knockdown of P2Y14 abolished the UDP-G effect. 12-h pretreatment of human islets with pertussis-toxin (PTX) improved GSIS and prevented the inhibitory effect of UDP-G on GSIS. UDP-G on GSIS suppression was associated with suppression of cAMP in INS-1 cells. UDP-G decreased the reductive capacity of nondiabetic human islets cultured at 5 mm glucose for 72 h and exacerbated the negative effect of 20 mm glucose on the cell viability during culture period. T2D donor islets displayed a lower reductive capacity when cultured at 5 mm glucose for 72 h that was further decreased in the presence of 20 mm glucose and UDP-G. Presence of a nonmetabolizable cAMP analog during culture period counteracted the effect of glucose and UDP-G. Islet cultures at 20 mm glucose increased apoptosis, which was further amplified when UDP-G was present. UDP-G modulated glucose-induced proliferation of INS-1 cells. The data provide intriguing evidence for P2Y14 and UDP-G's role in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function.
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Elinos-Calderón, Diana, Yolanda Robledo-Arratia, Verónica Pérez-De La Cruz, José Pedraza-Chaverrí, Syed F. Ali, and Abel Santamaría. "Early nerve ending rescue from oxidative damage and energy failure by l-carnitine as post-treatment in two neurotoxic models in rat: recovery of antioxidant and reductive capacities." Experimental Brain Research 197, no. 3 (June 30, 2009): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-009-1913-3.
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Van Vuuren, M. "Good grief: Lord of the Flies as a post-war rewriting of salvation history." Literator 25, no. 2 (July 31, 2004): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v25i2.253.
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Golding’s Lord of the Flies, first published in 1954, reflects a bleak sense of post-war pessimism. But with undue attention focused on its portrayal of original sin and the problem of evil, readings have often remained reductive. In this article it is argued that the novel’s symbolic narrative is polysemic and, when it is read as anagogic myth, may be seen to span Judaeo-Christian Heilsgeschichte or salvation history, rewriting its chapters of creation, Fall, the problem of evil, the failure of law, the hope of salvation, the mission of a messianic figure, and – in the clearest departure from the Biblical narrative – an ambiguous representation of his return. This study examines the novel’s often paradoxical symbolism using Frye’s phases of anagogic myth, with its poles of apocalyptic and demonic imagery. It traces the relation of symbols to their counterparts in Biblical narratives, drawn in particular from the symbolic writings of the origin and end of humanity, to elucidate Golding’s bleak but certainly not hopeless rewriting of the salvation story for a post-faith readership.
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Costanzo, Michele, Armando Cevenini, Emanuela Marchese, Esther Imperlini, Maddalena Raia, Luigi Del Vecchio, Marianna Caterino, and Margherita Ruoppolo. "Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics in a Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase-Silenced Neuroblastoma Cell Line." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 3580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113580.
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Methylmalonic acidemias (MMAs) are inborn errors of metabolism due to the deficient activity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). MUT catalyzes the formation of succinyl-CoA from methylmalonyl-CoA, produced from propionyl-CoA catabolism and derived from odd chain fatty acids β-oxidation, cholesterol, and branched-chain amino acids degradation. Increased methylmalonyl-CoA levels allow for the presymptomatic diagnosis of the disease, even though no approved therapies exist. MMA patients show hyperammonemia, ketoacidosis, lethargy, respiratory distress, cognitive impairment, and hepatomegaly. The long-term consequences concern neurologic damage and terminal kidney failure, with little chance of survival. The cellular pathways affected by MUT deficiency were investigated using a quantitative proteomics approach on a cellular model of MUT knockdown. Currently, a consistent reduction of the MUT protein expression was obtained in the neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) by using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against an MUT transcript (MUT siRNA). The MUT absence did not affect the cell viability and apoptotic process in SH-SY5Y. In the present study, we evaluate and quantify the alterations in the protein expression profile as a consequence of MUT-silencing by a mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative analysis, using two different quantitative strategies. Both quantitative methods allowed us to observe that the expression of the proteins involved in mitochondrial oxido-reductive homeostasis balance was affected by MUT deficiency. The alterated functional mitochondrial activity was observed in siRNA_MUT cells cultured with a propionate-supplemented medium. Finally, alterations in the levels of proteins involved in the metabolic pathways, like carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism, were found.
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CONDOS, MARK, and GAVIN RAND. "COERCION AND CONCILIATION AT THE EDGE OF EMPIRE: STATE-BUILDING AND ITS LIMITS IN WAZIRISTAN, 1849–1914." Historical Journal 61, no. 3 (October 18, 2017): 695–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x17000280.
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AbstractSince 2001, the geo-strategic priorities of the ‘War on Terror’ have prompted renewed attention to the historically significant region of Waziristan. Ironically, given the apparent failure of British attempts to pacify the region in the century after 1849, Waziristan’s colonial history has been picked over by policy-makers, commentators, and scholars for lessons which might be applied to current projects of state-building and counter-insurgency. Unabashedly instrumentalist, these works have reproduced the reductive stereotypes of the colonial sources and helped to entrench partial understandings of the frontier which obscure the dynamic and contingent nature of imperial state-building. This article offers an alternate frame for writing the history of the colonial frontier by re-examining how British officials attempted to constitute colonial authority through their engagements with one of the region’s most powerful groups: the Mahsud Wazirs. Challenging historiographical emphases on oscillating metropolitan strategies, this article maps crucial and largely overlooked continuities in British attempts to pacify the Mahsuds, providing new insights into state-building at the edge of empire and a more nuanced account of how imperial power was engaged, resisted, and deflected by those it sought to control.
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Mascarenhas, Romila, Markus Ruetz, Liam McDevitt, Markos Koutmos, and Ruma Banerjee. "Mobile loop dynamics in adenosyltransferase control binding and reactivity of coenzyme B12." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 48 (November 16, 2020): 30412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007332117.
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Cobalamin is a complex organometallic cofactor that is processed and targeted via a network of chaperones to its dependent enzymes. AdoCbl (5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin) is synthesized from cob(II)alamin in a reductive adenosylation reaction catalyzed by adenosyltransferase (ATR), which also serves as an escort, delivering AdoCbl to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM). The mechanism by which ATR signals that its cofactor cargo is ready (AdoCbl) or not [cob(II)alamin] for transfer to MCM, is not known. In this study, we have obtained crystallographic snapshots that reveal ligand-induced ordering of the N terminus ofMycobacterium tuberculosisATR, which organizes a dynamic cobalamin binding site and exerts exquisite control over coordination geometry, reactivity, and solvent accessibility. Cob(II)alamin binds with its dimethylbenzimidazole tail splayed into a side pocket and its corrin ring buried. The cosubstrate, ATP, enforces a four-coordinate cob(II)alamin geometry, facilitating the unfavorable reduction to cob(I)alamin. The binding mode for AdoCbl is notably different from that of cob(II)alamin, with the dimethylbenzimidazole tail tucked under the corrin ring, displacing the N terminus of ATR, which is disordered. In this solvent-exposed conformation, AdoCbl undergoes facile transfer to MCM. The importance of the tail in cofactor handover from ATR to MCM is revealed by the failure of 5′-deoxyadenosylcobinamide, lacking the tail, to transfer. In the absence of MCM, ATR induces a sacrificial cobalt–carbon bond homolysis reaction in an unusual reversal of the heterolytic chemistry that was deployed to make the same bond. The data support an important role for the dimethylbenzimidazole tail in moving the cobalamin cofactor between active sites.
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Roelofs, Tom, Nico Merkens, Jeroen Roelofs, Ewald Bronkhorst, and Hero Breuning. "A retrospective survey of the causes of bracket- and tube-bonding failures." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/021616-136.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the causes of bonding failures of orthodontic brackets and tubes and the effect of premedicating for saliva reduction. Materials and Methods: Premedication with atropine sulfate was administered randomly. Failure rate of brackets and tubes placed in a group of 158 consecutive patients was evaluated after a mean period of 67 weeks after bonding. Results: The failure rate in the group without atropine sulfate premedication was 2.4%. In the group with premedication, the failure rate was 2.7%. The Cox regression analysis of these groups showed that atropine application did not lead to a reduction in bond failures. Statistically significant differences in the hazard ratio were found for the bracket regions and for the dental assistants who prepared for the bonding procedure. Conclusions: Premedication did not lead to fewer bracket failures. The roles of the dental assistant and patient in preventing failures was relevant. A significantly higher failure rate for orthodontic appliances was found in the posterior regions.
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Goulter, I. C., and A. Kazemi. "Spatial and temporal groupings of water main pipe breakage in Winnipeg." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-010.
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The spatial and temporal patterns of water distribution pipe failure in the City of Winnipeg are examined. The failures are shown to be strongly clustered in space, where 22% of the total failures examined occur within 1 m of another failure and 46% occur within 20 m of another failure. A strong temporal clustering is also apparent, with 42% of all failures that occur within 1 m of another found also to occur within 1 day of the initial failure in the group. An exponential decrease in the marginal rates of failure with respect to both the temporal and spatial interval parameter is also observed. Earlier failures in a particular location appear to be an important key to assessing potential failures in that vicinity. These results suggest that a fruitful area for further examination for the reduction of failure rates is the change in the ground conditions resulting from an initial leak and its subsequent repair. Key words: failures, groupings, marginal rates, pipes, space, time, water distribution, Winnipeg.
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Miranda, Rodrigo S., Clarissa Cruz, Noé Cheung, and Adilto P. A. Cunha. "Fatigue Failure Analysis of a Speed Reduction Shaft." Metals 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060856.
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The mining industry sector is notable for the severe service loads and varied environmental conditions that it imposes on its equipment and mechanical systems. It has become essential to identify the causes of failures and use the information to avoid similar failures and improve projects. In this paper, a study on shaft failure in a speed reduction box was carried out. A section of a fractured shaft made of hardened austempered steel was analyzed to determine the cause of the break. Fractography was performed to characterize the failure mode on the fracture surface. The microstructural analysis and hardness profile revealed that the shaft was inadequately heat treated, resulting in low resistance microstructures and the development of a thin layer of bainite at the shaft edge. Large amounts of inclusions were found in the fracture region, and the tensile tests revealed that the material had an elongation below the specification. The analyses showed that the combination of factors of a large amount of inclusions present in the low resistance banded structure, and the presence of concentrated pores in that same region, acted in a synergistic way to decrease the fatigue resistance and fatigue life of the shaft material.
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Vallor, Shannon. "Ihde, Technoscience, and the Resilience of Phenomenology." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20, no. 2 (2016): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201672550.
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My review of Don Ihde’s new book, Husserl’s Missing Technologies begins by identifying a thematic link binding its chapters: specifically, the exploration of alternative histories for the trajectory of classical Husserlian phenomenology. Ihde’s book can be seen as a meditation on questions like the following: “What might phenomenology have been had Husserl paid more attention to the essential role of instrumentation and experiment in science, or to the mediating role of technologies in perception? What road might phenomenology have taken had Husserl traveled it in conversation with John Dewey, rather than the ghost of Descartes?” The book ably demonstrates how such alternative paths might have enriched philosophy, in ways that closely mirror Ihde’s own contributions to postphenomenological thought. In particular, Ihde exposes Husserl’s failure to grasp technoscience as an activity that does not only reduce materiality to mathematical formalisms, but produces new material forms and sensibilities. Yet I resist the book’s implied charge that Husserlian phenomenology is a moribund tradition that has largely exhausted its power. Instead, I argue that the progressive force and intrinsic elasticity of the phenomenological method endures in spite of the inevitable limits of Husserl’s philosophical imagination, allowing his assumptions and results (and ours) to be remade again and again in the light of the ‘things themselves.’ Moreover, the relevance of Husserl’s critique of reductive scientism has enduring relevance today; while modern science may be a practice far richer than Husserl understood, the science of our day is far from rich enough.
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Spagnuolo, Ludovica, Susanna Della Posta, Chiara Fanali, Laura Dugo, and Laura De Gara. "Antioxidant and Antiglycation Effects of Polyphenol Compounds Extracted from Hazelnut Skin on Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) Formation." Antioxidants 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030424.
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The advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) arise from non-enzymatic reactions of sugar with protein side chains, some of which are oxido-reductive in nature. Enhanced production of AGEs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications as well as in natural aging, renal failure, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. The aim of this work is to study antiglycation effects of polyphenol compounds extracted by hazelnut skin that represents an example of polyphenols-rich food industry by-product, on AGEs formation. AGEs derived from incubation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and methylglyoxal (MGO) were characterized by fluorescence. The phenolics identification and total polyphenol content in hazelnut skin extracts were analyzed by HPLC-MS and the Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. Antioxidant efficacy was evaluated by monitoring total antioxidant activity to assess the ABTS radical scavenging activity of samples by TEAC assay and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, expressed as millimoles of Trolox equivalents per gram of sample. Data here presented suggest that phenolic compounds in hazelnut skin have an inhibitory effect on the BSA-AGEs model in vitro, and this effect is concentration-dependent. The putative role of the hazelnut skin antioxidative properties for hindering AGEs formation is also discussed. Because of AGEs contribution to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, foods enriched, or supplements containing natural bioactive molecules able to inhibit their production could be an interesting new strategy for supporting therapeutic approaches with a positive effect on human health.
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Drozda, Joseph P., Donna A. Smith, Paul C. Freiman, Janet Pursley, Jeffrey A. VanSlette, and Timothy R. Smith. "Heart Failure Readmission Reduction." American Journal of Medical Quality 32, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860616637684.
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Little is known regarding effectiveness of readmission reduction programs over time. The Heart Failure Management Program (HFMP) of St. John’s Physician Group Practice (PGP) Demonstration provided an opportunity to assess outcomes over an extended period. Data from an electronic health record, an inpatient database, a disease registry, and the Social Security Death Master File were analyzed for patients admitted with heart failure (HF) for 5 years before (Period 1) and 5 years after (Period 2) inception of PGP. HF admissions decreased (Period 1, 58.3/month; Period 2, 52.4/month, P = .007). Thirty-day all-cause readmission rate dropped from Period 1 (annual average 18.8% [668/3545]) to year 1 of Period 2 (16.9% [136/804], P = .04) and remained stable thereafter (annual average 16.8% [589/3503]). Thirty-day mortality rate was flat throughout. HFMP was associated with decreased readmissions, primarily related to outpatient case management, while mortality remained stable.
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Bora, Mumtaz Y. "NSOP Reduction for QFN RF-IC Packages." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 000530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-poster6.
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Abstract Wire bonded packages using conventional copper lead frame have been used in industry for quite some time. The growth of portable and wireless products is driving the miniaturization of packages resulting in the development of many types of thin form factor packages and cost effective assembly processes. Proper optimization of wire bond parameters and machine settings are essential for good yields. Wire bond process can generate a variety of defects such as lifted bond, cracked metallization, poor intermetallic etc. NSOP – Non- stick on Pad is a defect in wire bonding which can affect front end assembly yields. In this condition, the imprint of the bond is left on the bond pad without the wire being attached. NSOP failures are costly as the entire device is rejected if there is one such failure on any bond pad. The paper presents some of the failure modes observed and the efforts to address NSOP reduction [1].
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Crâsteţi, Sandu. "Reliability, Technological Risks and Maintenance Decisions." Advanced Materials Research 1146 (April 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1146.65.
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The paper presents, in a synthetic manner. some points of view regarding the necessity of a balanced approach to reliability and engineering risk. It presents some of the risk reduction principles applied in the processes of improving reliability and reducing risk (such as introducing redundancy) and some of the key principles for reducing the risk of failure that can be applied with success. One does have also in view that critical failures in many industries can have disastrous environmental and health consequences. Such failures entail loss of production for very long periods of time and extremely high costs of the intervention for repair. Consequently, for industries characterised by a high cost of failure, setting quantitative reliability requirements must be driven by the cost of failure. Failure rate modelling is relevant for reliability analysis and other disciplines that employ the notion of the failure rate or its equivalents
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Sheppard, Samantha N. "I Love Cinema: Black Film and Speculative Practice in the Era of Online Crowdfunding." Film Quarterly 71, no. 2 (2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2017.71.2.25.
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On November 8, 2013, filmmaker Leslie Harris announced a new feature-length project on Kickstarter, the popular online crowdfunding platform for creative projects. Lauded a decade earlier for her provocative coming-of-age film Just Another Girl on the I.R.T. (1992), which took the Special Jury Prize at Sundance in 1993, this “Sundance-Miramax era” independent filmmaker had resurfaced in the “Kickstarter-YouTube era.” At the end of the fundraising period, Harris's I Love Cinema campaign had raised only $4,074 from fifty-eight potential backers, falling quite short of her $35,000 target. The failure of Harris's Kickstarter campaign to garner support provides a telling and consequential sense of how the very idea of black film circulates in the current moment of presumed breakthrough, crossover, and arrival. Her unsuccessful appeal to the masses soberly dismantles some of the logic of inclusivity that permeates the contemporary media environment, especially in what is a celebratory moment for black film and media, in which the visibility and viability of a few diverse voices do not necessarily translate into greater opportunities for either new or old faces. What does online crowdfunding, particularly Kickstarter, signify for the efficacy of black film today? The presumed democratization of cinema production and distribution through this kind of financing practice challenges but also reinforces dominant and reductive narratives about the idea of black film's appeal to targeted and general audiences. Issues of faux democracy, populism, and quality that need to be addressed are at work here, especially in terms of their racial dimensions.
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Marathe, P., M. Thao, and I. Benjamin. "ID: 11: REDOX PROFILING OF CARVEDILOL AND PROPRANOLOL IN A HEART MODEL." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 923.1–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.25.
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IntroductionClinical trials have shown that carvedilol is highly effective against heart failure (HF). Carvedilol, unlike propranolol, has direct antioxidant effects and is capable of mitigating oxidative stress in HF patients. Moreover, it has been suggested that carvedilol has an indirect antioxidant mechanism that could involve the initial production of non-lethal levels of oxidative stress leading to the regulation of an uncharacterized antioxidant response that later counters oxidative stress.HypothesisWe hypothesized that carvedilol's indirect antioxidant mechanism may involve the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1) pathway, which is a major antioxidant pathway involved in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neoplastic diseases.MethodsUsing H9C2 rat myoblasts, we confirmed the activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway by detecting levels of downstream protein targets hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1). We transfected H9C2 cells with reductive-oxidative green fluorescent protein (roGFP) fused with human glutaredoxin 1 that targeted mitochondria or cytosol. Redox state changes were quantified by normalized roGFP intensity ratios measured using live-cell imaging.ResultsIn the short term, carvedilol oxidized both cellular compartments while propranolol did not. In the long term, carvedilol upregulated the production of HO-1 and NQO-1 while propranolol downregulated these antioxidant proteins. These results demonstrate that carvedilol's indirect antioxidant effect involves the Nrf2/Keap 1 pathway. This has strong implications as carvedilol is a commonly used, highly effective beta-blocker and elucidating its antioxidant mechanisms can potentially expand the use of carvedilol for the treatment of other diseases, inform the development of new therapeutics, and optimize HF treatment.
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Hecker, Peter A., Jane A. Leopold, Sachin A. Gupte, Fabio A. Recchia, and William C. Stanley. "Impact of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 304, no. 4 (February 15, 2013): H491—H500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00721.2012.
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) catalyzes the rate-determining step in the pentose phosphate pathway and produces NADPH to fuel glutathione recycling. G6PD deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans and affects over 400 million people worldwide; however, its impact on cardiovascular disease is poorly understood. The glutathione pathway is paramount to antioxidant defense, and G6PD-deficient cells do not cope well with oxidative damage. Limited clinical evidence indicates that G6PD deficiency may be associated with hypertension. However, there are also data to support a protective role of G6PD deficiency in decreasing the risk of heart disease and cardiovascular-associated deaths, perhaps through a decrease in cholesterol synthesis. Studies in G6PD-deficient (G6PDX) mice are mixed and provide evidence for both protective and deleterious effects. G6PD deficiency may provide a protective effect through decreasing cholesterol synthesis, superoxide production, and reductive stress. However, recent studies indicate that G6PDX mice are moderately more susceptible to ventricular dilation in response to myocardial infarction or pressure overload-induced heart failure. Furthermore, G6PDX hearts do not recover as well as nondeficient mice when faced with ischemia-reperfusion injury, and G6PDX mice are susceptible to the development of age-associated cardiac hypertrophy. Overall, the limited available data indicate a complex interplay in which adverse effects of G6PD deficiency may outweigh potential protective effects in the face of cardiac stress. Definitive clinical studies in large populations are needed to determine the effects of G6PD deficiency on the development of cardiovascular disease and subsequent outcomes.
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Ibraheem, Awowole, Ukah Marcel, Okunola Temitope, and Idowu Boluwatife. "Acardius-myelacephalus: management of a misdiagnosed case of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence with tense polyhydramnios." Case Reports in Perinatal Medicine 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crpm-2015-0079.
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Abstract Background: Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is the most severe form of twin to twin transfusion syndrome. Survival of the pump twin is threatened by extreme prematurity from polyhydramnios and cardiac failure, necessitating interventions. Rarely, interventions are indicated as a result of maternal life-threatening complications. The management of an acardiac-myelacephalus variant of TRAP sequence, complicated by severe maternal respiratory distress from tense polyhydramnios is presented in this report. Case presentation: A 29-year-old G3P2, Alive2 was referred to the Perinatal Unit on account of ultrasound diagnosed twin gestation with demise of one twin at an estimated gestational age (EGA) of 29 weeks. She was in severe respiratory distress with central cyanosis, and grossly distended abdomen. Ultrasonography revealed twin gestation with cardiac activity in only one twin and polyhydramnios. The second twin had no recognizable human body structure and retrograde umbilical arterial flow. TRAP sequence with tense polyhydramnios was diagnosed. The respiratory distress was relieved with serial reductive amniocentesis, and she was managed conservatively until an EGA of 34 weeks, when she delivered a live twin that weighed 2.05 kg, and an amorphous twin with a rudimentary limb that weighed 1.82 kg following spontaneous rupture of membranes. Monochorionic placentation was confirmed at delivery. The pump twin was discharged in a satisfactory state after a period of observation. Conclusion: TRAP sequence may be easily misdiagnosed due to its rarity, with adverse consequences. Accurate diagnosis of the condition, and the provision of basic facilities for in utero interventions when indicated are necessary for fetal salvage.
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Zhao, Caiyou, Dongya Liu, Xiaoming Zhang, Qiang Yi, Liuchong Wang, and Ping Wang. "Influence of Vibration Isolator Failure on Vehicle Operation Performance and Floating Slab Track Structure Vibration Reduction Effectiveness." Shock and Vibration 2019 (June 20, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8385310.
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At present, steel-spring floating slabs have been widely used in urban rail transit to reduce the influence of ground vibration caused by vehicle operation on the surrounding environment. As a core part of vibration reduction for floating slab track, the steel-spring vibration isolator may fail in different forms during operation. In order to study the influence of vibration isolator failure on vehicle operation performance and floating slab track structure vibration reduction effectiveness, a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of vehicle-rail-floating slab track is established by multibody dynamics and finite element simulation, and the rationality of the model and its parameters is verified by comparing the theoretical calculation results with the measured data. Based on the model, the failure conditions of steel spring are simulated, considering the failure position and number of steel springs. The results show that the failures of steel-spring vibration isolators have a significant impact on operating safety and stability of vehicle, and the failure at end is more dangerous than that at midspan. In addition, it also changes the local restraint state of floating slab, resulting in the local vibration mode, which reduces the floating slab track structure vibration reduction effectiveness, mainly within 10 Hz. The different numbers of steel-spring failures will change the natural modal frequency of floating slab to varying degrees, which may cause the resonance of a certain frequency of the vehicle-track coupling system, leading to other track structure diseases.
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Jung, Ho Jeon, Chan Woo Park, and Jae-Chon Lee. "On the Reduction of Systematic Failure by Realizing a Method for Functional Safety." Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12812/ksms.2013.15.4.161.
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Tosney, William, and Andrew Quintero. "Orbital Experience from an Integration and Test Perspective." Journal of the IEST 41, no. 6 (November 17, 1998): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.41.6.731317376m64t38u.
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Space vehicle schedule and cost reduction strategies tend to focus on test optimization without a comprehensive analytical approach to the impact on mission success. This study provides valuable stochastic insights into orbital physics of failure while identifying potential relationships to ground integration and test processes by analyzing data across a large population of space vehicle programs. Failure data analysis uses reliability growth modeling techniques to provide greater insight into environmental test effectiveness. Results show correlations between orbital failures, environmental test, hardware retest, and hardware categories. Test strategies are discussed to mitigate risk of orbital failures for hardware subjected to varying degrees of retest and late integration.
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Studziński, Andrzej, and Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik. "Water Main Failure Risk Assesment / OCENA RYZYKA AWARII MAGISTRALI WODOCIĄGOWEJ." Journal of KONBiN 24, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2013-0058.
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Abstract Town of Krosno is supplied with water by 3 intakes: Sieniawa, Iskrzynia and Szczepańcowa. After the treatment water flows in water mains to the water network in Krosno. The aim of his paper is qualitative risk analysis of the water main Sieniawa failures. The consequences of the failure: pressure value in the network and its duration, were described for different conditions of failures: time of failure, water demand and water storage tanks initial filling. For simulations of pipe failure water network model made in Epanet 2 program was used. The model was verified both during operation of water network and during the failure, where field data were used. The results of the simulations are corresponding to observations made during the real failures. Negative consequences appear only after emptying the water storage tanks, it results from two features of the storage tanks: they stabilize pressure in the network and for some time can provide water to the network. The time of emptying the storage tanks varies according to water demand their initial filling, it is at least 3 hours. During this time the are no sign of failure. When the storage tanks are empty reduction of pressure an shortage of water are observed on prevailing area of Krosno.
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Arienti, M. Cecilia, Steven G. Cumming, and Stan Boutin. "Empirical models of forest fire initial attack success probabilities: the effects of fuels, anthropogenic linear features, fire weather, and management." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 3155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-188.
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Canadian fire managers seek to contain fires below some target size (here 3 ha) by initial attack (IA). Suppression failures occur when fire size at IA exceeds this target (a response failure) or if an initially small fire cannot be contained below it (a containment failure). We examined the effects of cause, season, forest fuels, anthropogenic linear features, weather, and fire management (response time, size at IA) on the probability of these two types of suppression failures, using multiple logistic regression on 1196 fires that occurred within the boreal mixedwood forest of northeastern Alberta during 1995–2002. The frequencies of containment (7%) and response failures (10%) were similar, but the latter accounted for 85% of the area burned. Response failure probability was greater for fires caused by lightning than those caused by humans and increased with longer response times, local abundance of black spruce in summer, and pine fuel under severe fire weather. We found no effect of linear features or other fuel types. Containment failure probability was related to size at IA and fire weather conditions. Our models suggest that a reduction in area burned might be possible if additional fire-specific factors affecting response failure probability could be incorporated into operational decisions.
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Faillettaz, Jérome, Martin Funk, Jan Beutel, and Andreas Vieli. "Towards early warning of gravitational slope failure with co-detection of microseismic activity: the case of an active rock glacier." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 1399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1399-2019.
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Abstract. We developed a new strategy for disaster risk reduction for gravitational slope failure: we propose validating on a case study a simple method for real-time early warning of gravity-driven failures that considers and exploits both the heterogeneity of natural media and characteristics of acoustic emissions attenuation. This method capitalizes on co-detection of elastic waves emanating from micro-cracks by a network of multiple and spatially distributed sensors. Event co-detection is considered to be surrogate for large event size with more frequent co-detected events marking imminence of catastrophic failure. In this study we apply this general method to a steep active rock glacier, a natural heterogeneous material sharing all relevant properties of gravitational slope failure, and demonstrate the potential of this simple strategy for real world cases, i.e., at slope scale. This new strategy being theoretically valid for all types of failures, it constitutes a first step towards the development of a new early warning system for gravitational slope failure.
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Huh, Seok-Hwan. "SMT assembly effects on organic substrate lifetime reduction." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 32, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-11-2019-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is that the effects of surface mount technology (SMT) assembly process on the product lifetime of fine-pitch printed circuit boards (PCBs) were investigated under biased highly accelerated stress testing (HAST). Design/methodology/approach SMT assembly from a semiconductor SMT assembly process was replicated to test PCBs under the same conditions as SMT-assembled PCBs. The median lives µ and standard deviation s of the test PCBs were calculated from the log-normal distribution. The failure analysis of current leakages was conducted by the focused ion beam, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Using the inverse power law and modified Peck-H’s relationship, the PCB lives at accelerated (by SMT assembly stress) and user conditions were calculated. Findings The failure analysis demonstrated that SiO2 and BaSO4 fillers added for stiffening organic materials promote current leakage failure. Therefore, the hydrophobicity of these fillers is believed to be necessary to suppress the current leakage failure under biased HAST. The inverse power law model indicates that the acceleration life model with SMT assembly stress can be given as follows: L(V) = 271.9(S)−0.5031. From modified Peck-H’s relationship, after the third SMT assembly, the time required to attain 0.96 per cent failures at 35°C/60 per cent RH/1.9 V and 130°C/85 per cent RH/3.5 V are 129 y and 69.5 h, respectively. The biased HAST at 130°C/85 per cent/3.5 V after the third SMT assembly for 69.5 h on 238 samples could be recommended as an early quality-monitoring procedure. Research limitations/implications In the future, the failure modes in an early stage of a bathtub should be analyzed and the life prediction model should be studied accordingly. Originality/value Through this study, the lifetime prediction model and early quality-monitoring procedure for organic substrates because of SMT assembly stress were obtained.
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Czechowska, Grażyna, Krzysztof Celiński, and Grażyna Wójcicka. "Liver fibrosis mechanisms – the role of stellate cells, oxidative and nitrosative stress." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 73 (September 1, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1974.
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Liver fibrosis is a chronic and complex pathological process, occuring in patients with chronic liver diseases. The most common cause of liver fibrosis is the alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis type B, C and D, as well as autoimmune diseases. Other causes include metabolic dysfunctions like hemachromatosis and Wilson’s disease, biliary duct disorders, damaging effects of medicine and parasite infections. Fibrosis’ dynamics and progres speed depend on the nature of underlying mechanisms and are characterized by accumulation of ECM elements. They vary from patient to patient and are directly correlated to aberrations of homeostasis degradation and production of liver connective tissue. In liver fibrosis the main source of ECM are hepatic stellate cells (HSCS), although other cells are also able to produce ECM such as: portal fibroblasts, narrow-derived cells, biliary duct epithelial cells and epithelial mesenchymal transition hepatocytes. The HSCS activity is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative and nitrosative stress which lead to different pathologies such as: inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver-cell cancer. Alcohol, the main fibrotic agents is metabolized almost entirely in the liver, so the organ is extremely sensitive to its negative intermediate and mediate influence. Factors influencing alcoholic liver failure are not only oxidative and nitrosative stress and proinflammatory cytokines activity, but also reductive stress, hepatocytes; hypoxia, mucous membranę dysfunction and intestine flora influence, as well as genetic and immunological factors. Though in last several yers there has been a great advancement in our knowledge of liver fibrosis mechanisms, it remains tough to diagnose the proces in its early stages and consequently apply an efficient therapy. The challenge for the futur is finding useful biomarkers and new therapeutic goals.
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Wyciszkiewicz, Aleksander, Krzysztof Golacki, and Waldemar Samociuk. "Hazards and their reduction in urea production for synthesis reactor by Mitsui - Toatsu technology." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 187, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7369.
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Industrial large-scale urea production creates a number of hazards due to equipment and machine failures as well as service errors. Failures can cause material, environmental and human losses. The work presents the assessment of safety hazards and failure effects for selected emergency scenarios of Mitsui - Toatsu's urea synthesis reactor. A fragment of the process implemented in the synthesis node was covered by HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study), and the critical points, from the security point of view, were identified. Several emergency scenarios for various types of failures and various effects are presented. The analyzed contingency scenarios include: blocking the valve on the outflow from the reactor and leaks caused by corrosion resulting from the maintenance of improper technological parameters of the process. The work suggested the need for new security measures and modernization of the installation by using the safety function for the selected critical point. The hazards analyzed and the contingency scenarios developed are essential for risk assessment and its possible reduction.
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Blatz, James A., Nelson J. Ferreira, and James Graham. "Effects of near-surface environmental conditions on instability of an unsaturated soil slope." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-058.
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In 1999, after a period of extensive rainfall, two shallow slope failures developed in the right-of-way of Provincial Road 259 near Virden, Manitoba. The rainfall caused dissipation of soil suction in the near-surface soil, thereby reducing shear resistance and triggering failure. A research project was initiated between the Geotechnical Group at the University of Manitoba and the Manitoba Department of Highways and Transportation to assess the mechanism of failure. The project included a field investigation program, laboratory testing program, and advanced numerical modeling to identify the cause of failure. The results demonstrate that the rainfall resulted in dissipation of the suction in the soil slope, resulting in a reduction in the soil shear strength that triggered shallow failures. The dissipation of the soil suction has been modeled using a time-dependent seepage model that accounts for the flux boundary condition that existed at the ground surface.Key words: slope stability, unsaturated soils, laboratory tests, soil suction, seepage modeling, flux boundary.
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Nurhaiza, Shahrir, and Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Arrifin. "Predictive Maintenance through Condition Monitoring at Diffusion Equipment of a Solar Cell Manufacturing Environment." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.655.
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This paper analyzes failures at diffusion equipments in a solar cell manufacturing. The history was gathered and analyze. This paper starts with prioritizing the frequent failures through Pareto Analysis and starts to discuss potential method to reduce its failure. The Root Cause Analysis with probability ratio was created by the team and they had identified potential Condition Monitoring. This diffusion equipment stores most parameter and process readings that makes the automatic Condition Monitoring possible. The Condition Monitoring on one of the parameter readings was implemented and it has shown a high reduction in that equipment failures.
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Zura, Robert D., Andrew P. Matson, Cynthia L. Green, and Shepard R. Hurwitz. "Stability of Ankle Fracture–dislocations following Successful Closed Reduction." Duke Orthopaedic Journal 7, no. 1 (2017): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10017-1084.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Following successful closed reduction, the ideal timing of operative fixation for ankle fracture–dislocations is not well understood. We sought to describe the rate at which initial reduction is lost between the Emergency Department (ED) and clinic visits, and to identify factors associated with loss of reduction. Materials and methods We identified 30 patients with isolated, closed ankle fracture–dislocations that were successfully reduced and splinted in the ED prior to operative intervention. The maintenance of reduction at follow-up clinic visit was defined as a success, and loss of reduction was defined as a failure. Results There were 17 (57%) successes and 13 (43%) failures. When the ratio of posterior malleolus (PM) fracture fragment size to complete articular surface was >0.1, rate of failure was 65% compared with 18% when the ratio was ≤0.1 (p = 0.016). Conclusion Ankle fracture–dislocations with a larger PM fracture fragment size may warrant consideration of earlier operative intervention. Level of evidence IV, Case Series. Matson AP, Green CL, Hurwitz SR, Zura RD. Stability of Ankle Fracture–dislocations following Successful Closed Reduction. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):58-63.
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Smith, James N. M., Mary J. Taitt, Liana Zanette, and Isla H. Myers-Smith. "How do Brown-Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus Ater) CAUSE NEST FAILURES IN SONG SPARROWS (MELOSPIZA MELODIA)? A REMOVAL EXPERIMENT." Auk 120, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.3.772.
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Abstract A removal experiment was conducted to measure how much and by what mechanisms brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) cause nest failures in a commonly used host, the Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia). When numbers of female cowbirds were reduced experimentally, nest failures fell from 65.0% (n = 663 nests) to 49.9% (n = 331). Cowbird reduction reduced the frequency of nest failure to one-third of control levels in Song Sparrows during the last 80 days of the sparrow's breeding season, the period when most parasitic laying took place. Cowbird reduction decreased nest failures strongly at the egg stage, and weakly at the nestling stage. Daily nest-failure rates were independent of whether or not a nest was parasitized by cowbirds. Two hypotheses were tested to explain how cowbirds cause host nests to fail: first, egg removal by female cowbirds lowers clutch size below a threshold where the host deserts; second, cowbirds cause host nests to fail by destroying entire clutches or broods. In support of the first hypothesis, desertion following parasitism and egg removal was less frequent when cowbird numbers were reduced (8.9% of n = 158 nests) than for unmanipulated controls (16.5% of n = 424 nests). In support of the second hypothesis, there were fewer cases where young were killed in the nest, or found dead near it, after cowbird numbers were reduced (2.5% of 158 nests) than in controls (4.7% of 424 control nests). In contrast, proportions of nests that failed after the disappearance of all eggs, young, or both, and after unparasitized clutches were deserted, increased when cowbird numbers were reduced. Although our study supports both hypotheses, cowbird-induced desertion had a greater effect on nest failure rates than did cowbird predation. Our study suggests that cowbird removal programs are likely to benefit commonly used and endangered hosts by reducing rates of nest failure.
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Mann, Fraser David. "“The road bare and white”: Hemingway, Europe and the Artifice of Ritualised Space." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 31 (December 15, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2018.31.02.
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Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises (1926) and A Farewell to Arms (1929) are novels in which imagined space and material place interact, collide and contradict. Despite both texts being set in Europe, Hemingway’s prose reveals American anxieties regarding war and identity. His protagonists are emasculated by war and alienated from the myths that have generated singular ideals of American masculinity. The novels imbue European landscapes with ritual and symbolism that create new imagined landscapes on which to perform and reassert this lost identity. Simultaneously, they are texts that expose the artifice of such performative endeavours. These oppositions and dissonances are read here through the prism of Foucault’s paradigmatic “heterotopia”. Foucault suggests that we are in an “epoch of juxtaposition” in which our conflicting understanding of space and place “cannot be superimposed”. This paper argues that Hemingway’s fiction offers a consciously empty form of symbolic space. The failure of the imagination and the knowing artifice of text suggest that the postwar heterotopia leaves no place for material manifestations of mythic autonomy, agency or free will. Hemingway imposes a distinctly American aesthetic on his European experiences. The now mythical frontier provides a mythic locale for the rituals of war to be performed. In this sense, war is heterotopian in its competing material and mythic constructions. Hemingway’s fiction explores the liminal gaps between such certainties. This analysis moves from the vibrant streets of Paris and the whirling chaos of Milanese nightlife to ‘clean’ Alpine lakes, the reductive simplicities of Spanish life and the violent horrors of the Caporetto Retreat. The rituals performed in Europe provide a chance to relocate lost American identities but this process is ultimately revealed as empty and futile. These are textual spaces that are themselves heterotopian. Their prose experiments suggest sub-textual depth yet simultaneously reveal emptiness and futility lying beneath the sparse and economical tone.
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Srivastava, Preeti Wanti, and Nidhi Jain. "Bayesian Prediction of the Overhaul Effect on a Repairable System with Bounded Failure Intensity." International Journal of Quality, Statistics, and Reliability 2011 (August 25, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/681210.
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This paper deals with the Bayes prediction of the future failures of a deteriorating repairable mechanical system subject to minimal repairs and periodic overhauls. To model the effect of overhauls on the reliability of the system a proportional age reduction model is assumed and the 2-parameter Engelhardt-Bain process (2-EBP) is used to model the failure process between two successive overhauls. 2-EBP has an advantage over Power Law Process (PLP) models. It is found that the failure intensity of deteriorating repairable systems attains a finite bound when repeated minimal repair actions are combined with some overhauls. If such a data is analyzed through models with unbounded increasing failure intensity, such as the PLP, then pessimistic estimates of the system reliability will arise and incorrect preventive maintenance policy may be defined. On the basis of the observed data and of a number of suitable prior densities reflecting varied degrees of belief on the failure/repair process and effectiveness of overhauls, the prediction of the future failure times and the number of failures in a future time interval is found. Finally, a numerical application is used to illustrate the advantages from overhauls and sensitivity analysis of the improvement parameter carried out.
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Okuda, Shinya, Takenori Oda, Ryoji Yamasaki, Takamitsu Haku, Takafumi Maeno, and Motoki Iwasaki. "Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with total facetectomy for low-dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis: effects of slip reduction on surgical outcomes." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 21, no. 2 (August 2014): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.4.spine13925.
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Object The management of isthmic spondylolisthesis remains controversial, especially with respect to reduction. There have been no reports regarding appropriate slip reduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the following issues: 1) surgical outcomes of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with total facetectomy for low-dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis, including postoperative complications; 2) effects of slip reduction on surgical outcomes; and 3) appropriate slip reduction. Methods A total of 106 patients who underwent PLIF with total facetectomy for low-dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis and who were followed for at least 2 years were reviewed. The average follow-up period was 8 years. Surgical outcomes, including the scores assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the recovery rate, and postoperative complications were investigated. As for radiographic evaluations, pre- and postoperative slip and disc height, instrumentation failure, and fusion status were also examined. Results The pre- and postoperative average Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were 14 (range 3–25) and 25 (range 11–29) points, respectively. The average recovery rate was 73% (range 0%–100%). The average pre- and postoperative slip was 24% and 10%, respectively. A significant correlation between postoperative slip and clinical outcomes was found; clinical outcomes were better in proportion to slip reduction. Although no statistical difference was detected in clinical outcomes between postoperative slip of less than 10% and from 10% to 20%, patients with postoperative slip of more than 20% showed significantly worse clinical outcomes. Postoperative complications included neurological deficits in 7 patients (transient motor loss in 6 and permanent motor loss in 1), instrumentation failures in 7, adjacent-segment degeneration in 5, and nonunion in 4. Instrumentation failures occurred significantly more often in patients with more slip reduction, although slip reduction did not affect the other postoperative complications. All patients with instrumentation failure showed postoperative slip reduction within 10%. Conclusions The use of PLIF with total facetectomy for low-dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis appears to produce satisfactory clinical outcomes, with an average of 73% recovery rate and few postoperative complications. Although clinical outcomes were better in proportion to slip reduction, excessive reduction caused instrumentation failure, and patients with less reduction demonstrated worse clinical outcomes. Appropriate reduction resulted in a postoperative slip ranging from 10% to 20%.
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Stojic, Silvio, Antoine Hanekom, and Russell Colman. "Risk reduction through advanced leak management." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09036.
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Leaks of hydrocarbon to the atmosphere can be a major facility safety risk and personnel occupational health and safety (OHS) risk for oil and gas producing and processing facilities. Normally closed valves that pass or leak in-line are also a major contributor to product loss and facility risk. Component failures of these types have two common and challenging features: they are hard to find among the tens of thousands of potential leak sources, and the leakage rates either to the atmosphere or in-line can vary from minor to potentially catastrophic. In the past seven to eight years, advanced methods for finding and managing leaks resulting from poor component integrity have been developed. This paper covers some of ATMECO’s accumulated knowledge developed over many leak surveys of both onshore and offshore oil and gas facilities. Typical statistical profiles of leaks from uncontrolled facilities are presented. The types of component failure that lead to leaks are discussed along with probabilistic analyses relating to the next likely failure. Technologies of leak detection are reviewed, highlighting benefits and problems. Also discussed are the prerequisite data capture and management systems needed for a competent, robust and auditable system to manage component integrity. Gas imaging technology is becoming one of the core hydrocarbon leak detection tools and also assists greatly in the analyses of leaks and in providing valuable input to remedial actions. Survey design requirements for continuing and cost-effective component leak risk management are reviewed. Recommendations are provided about the preferred methods and management structures for programs designed to minimise component integrity risks.
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Seebold, James G. "Environmental Noise Reduction: The Implementation Failure." Noise Control Engineering Journal 30, no. 1 (1988): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.2827696.
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Bourquelot, Pierre. "Access Flow Reduction for Cardiac Failure." Journal of Vascular Access 17, no. 1_suppl (March 2016): S60—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000517.
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Sousa Silva, Maria Tereza de, Edison Nunes da Silva Junior, Jorge Magalhães, and Vanessa da Silveira dos Santos Pacheco. "THE MANAGEMENT OF PROCESS LEAD TIME IN THE RELEASE OF STERILE PHARMACEUTICAL BATCHES: A CASE STUDY OF OPTIMIZATION IN AN OFFICIAL BRAZILIAN PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORY." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2021): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/21.16.42.
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Medicines must comply with quality, safety, and efficacy pillars. Nowadays, organizations seek to incorporate new management models encouraged by quality program following the world trend regarding the technological revolution. The present research aims to improve the sterile pharmaceutical product batches release process, using the Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. This study addresses the gap in literature on quality risk management during batch release. The methodology uses a form adapted to the process in order to systematize the information, improving its comparison and analysis, thus estimating, the identification of potential failure modes and their effects on their performance. Made it possible to assign values for the severity, occurrence, and failure modes detection, to then determine the risk level and the priority of risk level. The results obtained showed the mitigation and elimination of failures in the process, as well as opportunities for improvement and causes of failures identification, improvement in the process performance indicators, greater reliability, and reduction in batch release time. Keywords: good manufacturing practices pharmaceutical industry, risk management, risk management tools
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Netpu, Samroeng, and Panya Srichandr. "Failure Analysis of a Herringbone Gear." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.366.
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Herringbone gears are extensively used in numerous engineering applications including gearboxes. Premature failures of such gears could lead to many serious consequences such as process downtime and late delivery which are critically important in this day and age of intense competition. This paper reports the results of failure investigation of a herringbone gear in a reduction gearbox used in a hot rolling steel re-bar mill in Thailand. The gear fractured after only 24 hours of service. The fractured gear was inspected visually and macroscopically, and all critical dimensions were measured. Chemical compositions of the materials were analysed. Fracture surfaces and microstructure of gear material were examined, and microhardness measured. Stress analysis was performed using finite element methodology. It was found that the premature failure of the gear, which appeared as a longitudinal crack, was due to excessive stress. The crack originated at the root of the keyway. Careful examination revealed that there was a slight misalignment between the key and the keyway which resulted in excessive stress. The lesson learned from this failure is that manufacturing defects, however slight, could lead to premature failures of key components such as gears, and could be very costly. It is recommended that apart from proper designs of components, good manufacturing practices are also necessary to minimize the chance of premature failures.