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Journal articles on the topic 'Reduction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 October 2024

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1

Kamat, Omkar. "A Review on Selective Catalytic Reduction for NOX Reduction." International journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology 05, no. 04 (April 25, 2017): 5090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v4i4.07.

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2

Long, Joseph. "Rightness = Right-Maker: Reduction or Reductio?" Disputatio 7, no. 41 (November 1, 2015): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2015-0010.

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Abstract I have recently argued that if the causal theory of reference is true, then, on pain of absurdity, no normative ethical theory is true. In this journal, Michael Byron has objected to my reductio by appealing to Frank Jackson’s moral reductionism. The present essay defends my reductio while also casting doubt upon Jackson’s moral reductionism.

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3

Pokharna, Vinay, Manisha Kumawat, and Suresh Bhati. "Reduction of Interference." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 1005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd22896.

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4

Wang, Hai-Xu, and Yogesh Surendranath. "Hydrogen Reduction Reduction (HRR)." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 54 (December 22, 2023): 2624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02542624mtgabs.

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The year 2023 marks the bicentennial of the discovery of heterogeneous H2 catalysis. Nowadays, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), which converts H2 to protons (H+), is one of the most important transformations in energy research. Meanwhile, hydrogenation reactions, which transfer net H-atoms (H·) to organic substrates from H2, play pivotal roles in various chemical industries. In comparison, it is surprising to see that a heterogenous catalytic reaction that directly converts H2 to hydrides (H–) still remains elusive. Hydride transfer is a critical elementary reaction step that spans biological catalysis, organic synthesis and energy conversion. Conventionally, hydride transfer reactions are performed using (bio)molecular hydride reagents under homogeneous conditions. Here we report a conceptually distinct heterogeneous hydride transfer reaction via the net electrocatalytic hydrogen reduction reaction (HRR), which reduces H2 to hydrides. The reaction proceeds by H2 dissociative adsorption on a metal electrode to form surface M−H species, which are then negatively polarized to drive hydride transfer to molecular hydride acceptors with up to 91% Faradaic efficiency. The hydride transfer reactivity of surface M−H species is highly tunable, and, depending on the electrode potential, the thermodynamic hydricity of Pt−H on the same Pt electrode can continuously span a range of >40 kcal/mol. In addition to this electrochemical transformation, we further developed an alternative strategy to achieve heterogeneous hydride transfer on dispersed metal catalysts under non-electrochemical conditions. In the presence of a base, deprotonation of surface M-H builds up electron density at the metal surface and thereby causes spontaneous polarization which can then drive hydride transfer from metal nanoparticles. Based on this, HRR can be performed under standard hydrogenation conditions with the addition of a base using dispersed metal catalysts, and the surface hydricity is now controlled by the solution basicity. We further demonstrate that this non-electrochemical HRR method can be applied to NADH regeneration which is closely related to industrial biocatalysis. The discovery of HRR reveals the fundamental hydride transfer reactivity of surface M-H species as well as its polarization-dependent nature. Both the electrochemical and non-electrochemical HRR methods establish sustainable strategies for accessing reactive hydrides directly from H2. Figure 1

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5

Robert MacCoun, Dr. "Supply reduction, demand reduction, and harm reduction: Policy responses." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 48, no. 3 (July 1994): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90370-0.

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6

Alimova, Guzal Abdukhakimovna. "Employment, Unemployment And Poverty Reduction." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 04 (April 29, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue04-14.

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Employment of the population is one of the key government tasks. Achieving a high level of employment is one of the main goals of macroeconomic policy in any country, and primarily in such as Uzbekistan. The ideology of universal employment of the entire able-bodied population, supported by the obligation of a person to participate in social production, is being replaced by the concept of ensuring the desired employment and free choice of the form and type of employment.

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7

Dadhe, Dr Archana. "Waste Reduction: A Practical Approach." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2014/88.

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8

Jazid, Amirul Iman Mohd, Patmawati Ibrahim, and Umi Kartini Rashid. "Poverty Reduction through Entrepreneurship Programmes." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i3/pr190360.

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9

Navruz-Zoda, Bakhtiyor. "MONOECONOMIC MODEL OF POVERTY REDUCTION." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/2/22.

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Introduction. The article discusses the issue of poverty eradication based on the dual nature of people's economic abilities: labor and entrepreneurship, ways to increase the welfare of citizens through commercialization. Research methods. The article analyzes the term "poverty" in a monographic way, using the content analysis method to determine the implementation of poverty at the level of "7-M", the qualitative levels of human economic development as a result of systematic analysis, quantitative assessment of human economic development using logical analysis, A comparative analysis of people's living standards was conducted using the Ability \ Income Proportionality Matrix method. Results and discussion. "Mono-economic poverty" refers to people who are able to work, have low habits and skills, earn little money due to lack of permanent employment, or have no income at all due to unemployment and cannot meet their basic needs at their own expense. model is recommended.

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10

Mehra, Rashmi. "Posturedontics: Stressing on Strain Reduction." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 4, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2017): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.201707.

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11

Giertlová, Zuzana, and Maruchi Yoshida. "Simulation game „PLASTIC WASTE REDUCTION“." Acta Universitatis Mattiae Belii series Environmental Management 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/actaem.2017.19.1.56-59.

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12

Huacuja, Aristides. "Reprint-Internal breast reduction surgery." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 3, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/047.

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13

Nath, Jyan Dip. "Maternal mortality reduction in Assam." New Indian Journal of OBGYN 5, no. 1 (July 2018): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/obgyn.2018.5.1.2.

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14

Pearson, Geoffrey. "HARM REDUCTION NOT DEMAND REDUCTION." Criminal Justice Matters 12, no. 1 (June 1993): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259308553623.

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15

Niamtu, Joe. "Lip Reduction Surgery (Reduction Cheiloplasty)." Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America 18, no. 1 (February 2010): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2009.11.007.

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16

Mizoshiri, Mizue, Kenki Tamura, Junpei Sakurai, and Seiich Hata. "MoB-2-2 REDUCTION PROPERTIES OF NICKEL MICROSTRUCTURES FABRICATED BY DIRECT FEMTOSECOND LASER REDUCTION PATTERNING." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2015 (2015): _MoB—2–2–1—_MoB—2–2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2015._mob-2-2-1.

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17

O'Meara, M., A. Casey, J. Huddleston, and T. Zuttermeister. "LIPID REDUCTIONS IN AN INTEGRATED CARDIAC RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 18, no. 5 (September 1998): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199809000-00078.

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18

Khan, Muhammad Talha, Sarosh Ehsaan, and Arshad Hasan. "Comparison of Post Instrumentation Pain Score in Irreversible Pulpitis with Occlusal Reduction Versus No Occlusal Reduction." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 28, no. 04 (November 2, 2019): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.162.

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19

NA, Noelle. "Reduction." Perspectives in the Arts and Humanities Asia 10, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13185/paha2020.10228.

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20

Steele, Patricia. "Reduction." English Journal 80, no. 8 (December 1991): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/818700.

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21

Fernholz, Luisa Turrin, and Javier Cabrera. "reduction." Annals of Statistics 27, no. 3 (June 1999): 1080–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1018031269.

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22

Spindel, Lawrence M., Howard H. Chauncey, and Philip Person. "Plaque Reduction Unaccompanied by Gingivitis Reduction." Journal of Periodontology 57, no. 9 (September 1986): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1986.57.9.551.

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23

Zamir, Syed Waqas, Javier Vazquez-Corral, and Marcelo Bertalmío. "Gamut Reduction Through Local Saturation Reduction." Color and Imaging Conference 25, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2017.25.214.

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24

Pittman, David J. "Harm reduction, not alcohol consumption reduction." Addiction 90, no. 11 (November 1995): 1550–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02818.x.

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25

Tjärnström, F., and L. Ljung. "L2 Model reduction and variance reduction." Automatica 38, no. 9 (September 2002): 1517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(02)00066-3.

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26

Coetsee, Theresa, Christian Reinke, Johannes Nell, and Petrus Christiaan Pistorius. "Reduction Mechanisms in Manganese Ore Reduction." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 46, no. 6 (July 22, 2015): 2534–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0414-y.

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27

Weder, Walter. "Lung volume reduction surgery in Europe." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 21, no. 3 (2007): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg.21.299.

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28

Gutiérrez-Paredes, J., A. Romero-Serrano, M. A. Hernández, F. Chávez-Alcalá, and B. Zeifert. "Reduction of chromium oxide from slags." Revista de Metalurgia 41, Extra (December 17, 2005): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2005.v41.iextra.1073.

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29

Alghadhi, M., A. Ball, L. E. Kollar, R. Mishra, and T. Asim. "Drive Cycle Optimisation for Pollution Reduction." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 10 (2015): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.688.

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30

S, Prashanthi. "A Case Study on Fetal Reduction." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24124194041.

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31

Aina, Adebayo. "Reduction to Equator, Reduction to Pole and Orthogonal Reduction of Magnetic Profiles." Exploration Geophysics 17, no. 3 (September 1986): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg986141.

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32

Cheung, Eddy, and Ann M. English. "Reductions by ferrocytochrome c peroxidase: 5. Kinetics of ferricyanide reduction." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-145.

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The kinetics of reduction of ferricyanide by yeast ferrocytochrome c peroxidase (CPPII) were investigated as a function of ionic strength in phosphate buffers at pH 7.0 and 25 ± 1 °C. The observed bimolecular rate constant (k12) is 8.4 × 104 M−1 s−1 in 0.1 M phosphate. The dependence of the reaction rate on ionic strength indicates a change of −9 on the protein at pH 7.0, which is in good agreement with the total charge of −11 estimated for CCPII from its amino acid content. Substituting k12 at infinite ionic strength [Formula: see text] into the Marcus cross relation yields an electron self-exchange rate constant [Formula: see text] for the FeIII/FeII couple of CCP of 7.2 × 10−5 M−1 s−1. This value is over four orders of magnitude higher than that calculated for the FeIV/FeIII couple of CCP from literature data for cross-reactions with ferrocyanide at pH 7.0. Possible reasons for the large difference in the two CCP [Formula: see text] values are discussed. Literature data also allowed [Formula: see text] values for various other heme proteins to be determined from their cross-reactions with ferricyanide. The calculated rate constants vary by eight orders of magnitude, and the variation of [Formula: see text] with protein structure suggests that the redox reactivity of ferrous heme proteins towards ferricyanide is dependent on the spin state and coordination of iron, as well as on the accessibility of the heme. Keywords: cytochrome c peroxidase, ferricyanide, Marcus cross relation, electron self-exchange.

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33

Khasidashvili, Zurab. "On the longest perpetual reductions in orthogonal expression reduction systems." Theoretical Computer Science 266, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 737–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(00)00372-8.

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34

Morrison, Kerry A., Jordan D. Frey, Nolan Karp, and Mihye Choi. "Revisiting Reduction Mammaplasty: Complications of Oncoplastic and Symptomatic Macromastia Reductions." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 151, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000009828.

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35

ROTHSCHILD, BRUCE. "Reduction of Knee Pain by Effusion Reduction." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 12 (December 2016): 2199.3–2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.160790.

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36

Talluri, S. K. "Relative risk reduction and absolute risk reduction." BMJ 339, sep16 1 (September 16, 2009): b3626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3626.

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37

Tjärnström, Fredrik, and Lennart Ljung. "L 2 Model Reduction and Variance Reduction." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 15 (June 2000): 929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)39872-5.

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38

Swanson, Eric. "Breast Reduction versus Breast Reduction Plus Implants." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 2, no. 12 (December 2014): e281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000000252.

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39

Steffen, Rolf. "Direct reduction and smelting reduction - an overview." Steel Research 60, no. 3-4 (March 1989): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.198900882.

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40

Danvy, Olivier. "From Reduction-based to Reduction-free Normalization." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 124, no. 2 (April 2005): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2005.01.007.

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41

Chow, Eric P. F., Jason J. Ong, Basil Donovan, Rosalind Foster, Tiffany R. Phillips, Anna McNulty, and Christopher K. Fairley. "Comparing HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, Testing, and New Diagnoses in Two Australian Cities with Different Lockdown Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 10814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010814.

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Australia introduced a national lockdown on 22 March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Melbourne, but not Sydney, had a second COVID-19 lockdown between July and October 2020. We compared the number of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) prescriptions, HIV tests, and new HIV diagnoses during these lockdown periods. The three outcomes in 2020 were compared to 2019 using incidence rate ratio. There was a 37% and 46% reduction in PEP prescriptions in Melbourne and Sydney, respectively, with a larger reduction during lockdown (68% and 57% reductions in Melbourne’s first and second lockdown, 60% reduction in Sydney’s lockdown). There was a 41% and 32% reduction in HIV tests in Melbourne and Sydney, respectively, with a larger reduction during lockdown (57% and 61% reductions in Melbourne’s first and second lockdowns, 58% reduction in Sydney’s lockdown). There was a 44% and 47% reduction in new HIV diagnoses in Melbourne and Sydney, respectively, but no significant reductions during lockdown. The reduction in PEP prescriptions, HIV tests, and new HIV diagnoses during the lockdown periods could be due to the reduction in the number of sexual partners during that period. It could also result in more HIV transmission due to substantial reductions in HIV prevention measures during COVID-19 lockdowns.

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42

Li, Tuochen, and Liang Yang. "The Effects of Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction Policies on the Digital Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147611.

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The digital economy is the future of the world in terms of both contemporary trends and opportunities. Developing the digital economy is a practical way of strategically re-thinking network power and digital China and is the only way to achieve successful growth in countries’ development economies and seize a commanding position for future development. Tax reductions, which promote high-quality economic development and preserve the overall situation of national governance, are an important measure for all countries to cope with economic pressure. In recent years, China has successively introduced and continuously expanded a series of tax and fee reduction policies that have played an important role in stabilizing its economy and vigorously developing its digital economy. This study consists of six sections. The first section provides an overview of the digital economy, introducing its definitions and connotations as well as the significance of developments of the digital economy. The second section is a literature review of tax and fee reductions; the research results in this field for countries around the world are summarized based on the three perspectives of research objects, tax-reduction-policy effects and research methods and data. The third section describes the impact of tax reductions and fee reductions on China’s digital economy from an international perspective. Through the 2019 Forbes Global Top 100 Digital Economy List, this article analyzes the global digital economy corporate structure, observes the positive effects of tax and fee reductions on Chinese digital economy companies and compares the impact of tax cuts and fee reductions on digital economy companies in China, the United States and other countries. Stata software was used to conduct an empirical analysis on the panel data of digital economy companies from both macro and micro perspectives and Analysis of the Effects of Tax and Fee Reduction Policies in the Digital Economy presents an evaluation of the policy effects of tax cuts and fee reductions on digital economy companies from multiple aspects. China does not have a systematic tax and fee reduction policy that is compatible with digital economy development and its investments in large digital economy companies can be increased, as discussed in Problems of Tax and Fee Reduction and Policies in China’s Digital Economy. In Policy Recommendations for Tax and Fee Reductions in the Digital Economy, we recommend that China improves and optimizes its tax and fee policies to increase tax incentives for independent innovation and high-level talent.

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43

Othman, Osama M., and Christopher H. Bryant. "Pruning Classification Rules with Instance Reduction Methods." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 5, no. 3 (June 2015): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmlc.2015.v5.505.

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44

Frolík, Zdeněk. "Reduction of Baire-measurability to uniform continuity." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 35, no. 1 (1985): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1985.101995.

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45

Dery Nagre, Robert, Lin Zhao, and Isaac Kwesi Frimpong. "Polymer-FLR for Mud Fluid Loss Reduction." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 12, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.01.079.

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46

Cheng, Long, Chenyu You, and Yani Guan. "Random Projections for Non-linear Dimensionality Reduction." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 6, no. 4 (August 2016): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2016.6.4.601.

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47

Gharaibeh, Ahmad. "Congenital Oblique Talus Spontaneous Reduction-Case Report." Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders 7, no. 2 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000236.

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Congenital oblique talus is a very rare condition which presents as an isolated deformity or in association with neuromuscular and/or genetic disorders. Pathoanatomically the deformity shows a dislocated talonavicular and subtalar joint. The ethiology and pathogenesis are still not finally determined, although in some cases a genetic basis has been identified. The clinical picture is that of a flat longitudinal arch. Clinical diagnosis is confirmed by plain radiographic imaging of anteroposterior and lateral views. Congenital oblique talus should not be confused with other deformities of the foot, such as congenital vertical talus, which with stress view X-Ray can be reduced. The object of treatment of congenital oblique talus is to restore a normal anatomical relationship between the talus, navicular bone and calcaneus. Good early results of modified non-operative treatment using serial manipulations, physiotherapy, special shoes or cast treatment may change therapeutic concepts.

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48

LI, TONG-JUN, MING-ZHI LI, and YU GAO. "ATTRIBUTE REDUCTION OF CONCEPT LATTICE BASED ON IRREDUCIBLE ELEMENTS." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 11, no. 06 (November 2013): 1350046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021969131350046x.

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Attribute reduction of formal context is a crucial reseach issue in formal concept analysis. In this paper, based on the meet-irreducible elements and join-irreducible elements of concept lattice, two kinds of attribute reductions of formal context are proposed, which are called MI-attribute reduction and JI-attribute reduction. Subsequently, we discuss the relationships among them and two existing attribute reductions of formal context, lattice-based attribute reduction and granular reduction. Consequently, we find that the MI-attribute reduction and lattice-based attribute reduction are identical. For JI-attribute reduction, the judgement theorems of JI-consistent attribute sets are obtained. Finally, by using the discernibility attribute sets, a method of computing all JI-attribute reducts of a formal context is presented.

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49

IGARASHI, Tamotsu, and Yoshihiko SHIBA. "DRAG REDUCTION FOR D-SHAPE AND I-SHAPE CYLINDERS : AERODYNAMIC MECHANISM OF REDUCTION OF DRAG(Flow around Cylinder 1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.451.

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50

Heegård, Jan, and Jacob Thøgersen. "Style-dependent rules for reduction: Mixed-model multiple linear regression analysis of reduction phenomena in Danish news readings." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 37, no. 3 (November 19, 2014): 325–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586514000250.

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It has been suggested that Danish is a language particularly prone to spoken language reductions in spontaneous speech. Previous studies have shown that reduction phenomena, in Danish and other languages, are rule-governed by e.g. phonological context, word frequency and stress patterns. This paper analyses two reduction phenomena, those occurring in the endings -edeand -tein a genre of spoken Danish which is particularly resistant to reductions, viz. radio news readings. Its first aim is to establish the reduction rules of formal spoken Danish and compare these with the rules of more informal spoken Danish, e.g. sociolinguistic interviews. Reduction of -teis found to follow the same general rules as in spontaneous speech, although reductions are far less frequent in news readings. Reduction of -edeis found to follow rules different from those of spontaneous speech. The second aim is to investigate whether the reduction rules have changed over the 70 years which the data span. It is found that the rules, and thus the style, have indeed changed. The modern rules appear to be simpler and include less complex interaction effects.

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