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1
Kim, Gang-Min, Jeong-Won Lee, Sung-Jun Lee, and Chang-Lae Kim. "Friction Property of Hierarchical Micro/Nanopatterned PDMS." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 8736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248736.
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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has many advantages, but the friction coefficient generated by contact with the counter material is high. The purpose of this study is to reduce the friction coefficient by forming hierarchical micro/nanopatterns on the PDMS surface using the imprinting method. In addition, the optimum conditions for reducing the friction coefficient by controlling the sliding speed and normal load were determined. After contacting flat bare PDMS and hierarchical micro/nanostructured PDMS with a counter tip made of polyurethane (PU), the change in friction with sliding speed and vertical load was evaluated. Under normal load conditions, the average friction coefficient of the bare PDMS decreased as the sliding speed increased, and that of the patterned PDMS slightly increased. Regardless of the sliding speed, the friction coefficient decreased as the normal load increased for both specimens. At a sliding speed of 4 mm/s under a load of 10 mN, the friction reduction effect of the pattern structure was the largest at 79%. Overall, the greatest friction reduction effect (84%) was confirmed in patterned PDMS with the lowest friction coefficient under the conditions of 4 mm/s, 50 mN, compared to bare PDMS with the highest friction coefficient under the conditions of 4 mm/s, 10 mN.
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Dela Rosa, Lyka B., and Joel H. Jorolan. "Electrochemical Investigations on the NO-Releasing Property of Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complex." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.24047.
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In this study, the NO-donating property of [Ru(BPG)Cl(NO)]Cl (BPG = N,N-bis(2- pyridylmethyl)glycinato anion) via electrochemical activation was assessed. The synthesized BPG and [Ru(BPG)Cl(NO)]Cl were characterized by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. To determine if NO may be released from the compound via one-electron reduction, cyclic voltammetric experiments in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions were performed using a three-electrode cell consisting of glassy carbon working electrode, Pt wire counter electrode and Ag/AgCl or Ag/Ag+ reference electrode. The [Ru(BPG)Cl(NO)]Cl complex showed two one-electron reversible reductions in dimethylformamide, which suggests decreased ability as NO donor. In aqueous solution at pH 2.0, [Ru(BPG)Cl(NO)]Cl exhibited a one-electron irreversible reduction, which could be assigned to a Ru-NO centered reduction. The irreversibility of the reduction could be due to NO labilization and suggests that [Ru(BPG)Cl(NO)]Cl could be a potential NO donor in acidic aqueous medium.
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Thierry-Mieg, Yann. "Symbolic and Structural Model-Checking." Fundamenta Informaticae 183, no. 3-4 (January 10, 2022): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2090.
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Brute-force model-checking consists in exhaustive exploration of the state-space of a Petri net, and meets the dreaded state-space explosion problem. In contrast, this paper shows how to solve model-checking problems using a combination of techniques that stay in complexity proportional to the size of the net structure rather than to the state-space size. We combine an SMT based over-approximation to prove that some behaviors are unfeasible, an under-approximation using memory-less sampling of runs to find witness traces or counter-examples, and a set of structural reduction rules that can simplify both the system and the property. This approach was able to win by a clear margin the model-checking contest 2020 for reachability queries as well as deadlock detection, thus demonstrating the practical effectiveness and general applicability of the system of rules presented in this paper.
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Seifert-Dähnn, Isabel. "Insurance engagement in flood risk reduction – examples from household and business insurance in developed countries." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 2409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2409-2018.
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Abstract. Insurance can be an important mechanism to stimulate flood risk reduction and thus decrease losses. However, there is a gap between the theoretical potential described by academic scholars and the actual engagement of insurers. In the analysis, I have collected examples of insurers' engagement in flood risk reduction, focusing on household and business insurance in developed countries. Insurers engaged either directly, e.g., through co-financing risk reduction, or more indirectly by giving incentives to policyholders or governmental actors to adopt risk reduction measures. I analyzed their engagement with the framing conditions of the market they were acting in, such as market penetration or private or public insurance schemes. I found risk reduction measures like awareness-raising campaigns targeting citizens to be quite common across several countries. There was less insurance engagement in risk reduction measures such as warning or land-use planning, which are perceived to be mainly governmental tasks. The use of risk-based pricing as an incentive for the adoption of risk reduction measures as suggested by academia is difficult in practice, due to barriers such as information gaps on the effectiveness of property-level protection measures and requirements concerning the affordability of insurance. New approaches to overcome these shortfalls include organized data collection on property-level protection measures or the insurance of high-risks for affordable premiums in public–private partnership constellations with the government.
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DRAGOVIĆ, VLADIMIR, BORISLAV GAJIĆ, and BOŽIDAR JOVANOVIĆ. "SYSTEMS OF HESS–APPEL'ROT TYPE AND ZHUKOVSKII PROPERTY." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 06, no. 08 (December 2009): 1253–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887809004211.
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We start with a review of a class of systems with invariant relations, so called systems of Hess–Appel'rot type that generalizes the classical Hess–Appel'rot rigid body case. The systems of Hess–Appel'rot type have remarkable property: there exists a pair of compatible Poisson structures, such that a system is certain Hamiltonian perturbation of an integrable bi-Hamiltonian system. The invariant relations are Casimir functions of the second structure. The systems of Hess–Appel'rot type carry an interesting combination of both integrable and non-integrable properties. Further, following integrable line, we study partial reductions and systems having what we call the Zhukovskii property: These are Hamiltonian systems on a symplectic manifold M with actions of two groups G and K; the systems are assumed to be K-invariant and to have invariant relation Φ = 0 given by the momentum mapping of the G-action, admitting two types of reductions, a reduction to the Poisson manifold P = M/K and a partial reduction to the symplectic manifold N0 = Φ-1(0)/G; final and crucial assumption is that the partially reduced system to N0 is completely integrable. We prove that the Zhukovskii property is a quite general characteristic of systems of Hess–Appel'rot type. The partial reduction neglects the most interesting and challenging part of the dynamics of the systems of Hess–Appel'rot type — the non-integrable part, some analysis of which may be seen as a reconstruction problem. We show that an integrable system, the magnetic pendulum on the oriented Grassmannian Gr+(n, 2) has a natural interpretation within Zhukovskii property and that it is equivalent to a partial reduction of certain system of Hess–Appel'rot type. We perform a classical and algebro-geometric integration of the system in dimension four, as an example of a known isoholomorphic system — the Lagrange bitop. The paper presents a lot of examples of systems of Hess–Appel'rot type, giving an additional argument in favor of further study of this class of systems.
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Chen, Huanyin. "Generalized Stable Rings and Regularity." Algebra Colloquium 19, no. 01 (March 2012): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386712000119.
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We prove in this article that the generalized stable property is invariant under Morita contexts. Further, we show that many classes of square matrices over generalized stable regular rings admit a diagonal reduction. Related examples are constructed as well.
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Cernea, Michael M. "IRR: An Operational Risks Reduction Model for Population Resettlement." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 1 (February 20, 2008): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v1i0.883.
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Abstract. The construction of hydropower dams and of other types of projects must plan also for the relocation of populations living in the project area, a process fraught with risks and difficulties. This paper describes an analytical, diagnostic, predictive, and planning tool for such projects, developed by the author, named the Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) model. Derived from knowledge and lessons of many previous projects, this model can serve as predictor of risks and problems that will be encountered in forthcoming projects, and be used as guide in applying strategies to counter, overcome or mitigate these risks. Among these are the eight basic risks of impoverishment faced during displacement and resettlement, such as: 1) Landlessness; 2) Joblessness; 3) Homelessness; 4) Marginalization; 5) Food insecurity; 6) Increased morbidity and mortality; 7) Loss of access to common property resources; and 8) Community Disarticulation. Further, the counter-risks strategies and measures are ‘modeled’, to help early risk-elimination or risk-reduction actions.
The IRR Model is being used internationally. It was applied also in studies for Nepal’s Kali Gandaki project to monitor implementation and impacts, to explore what measures and management strategies can be employed against the common risks in resettlement, and to assist those affected in overcoming land or house loss and in deriving benefits from the project.
Key words: Risk model, resettlement, displacement, impoverishment, reconstruction
Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. I, Issue No. 1 (2007) pp. 35-39
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Ji, Xiaohe, Cheng Yang, Wenjuan Fang, and Hua Zhang. "Insight into the reduction and property of graphene hydrogel for high efficiency composite counter electrodes and solar cells." Electrochimica Acta 297 (February 2019): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.038.
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Chen, Yan, Xiao-Xiang He, Yang Yang, Heng-Yan Hu, Fu-Kang Li, and Lei Yang. "Dynamic RCS Reduction Performances of Antenna Array with Coding Metasurface." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (March 14, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4644566.
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On the basis of combining the two concepts of digital coding metasurface and metasurface antenna, low radar cross-section (RCS) coding metasurface antenna array with dynamic scattering performances is presented in this paper. Extending scattering factor theory to coding metasurface antenna, by controlling the states of PIN diodes randomly, the scattering performances of coding metasurface antenna array can be tuned dynamically without degrading its radiation property. Based on phase cancellation principle, a 8 × 8 antenna array was finally simulated and fabricated. By comparing several different layouts, taking checkerboard layout, new chessboard layout, and “0101” square ring nested layout as examples, both monostatic and bistatic RCS of the antenna mentioned above can be reduced 10 dB or more in the frequency range of 9–10.5 GHz under the illumination of x-polarized incident wave. The measured data are consistent with the simulation data, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Tamminen, Satu, Henna Tiensuu, Ilmari Juutilainen, and Juha Röning. "Steel Property and Process Models for Quality Control and Optimization." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.301.
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High quality and low variability in the properties of the products are the main goals in manufacturing. The quality of the product is verified by testing different properties. It can be improved with models developed for event prediction. This paper presents with application examples the modelling steps required for effective process modelling. First, the pre-processing and feature extraction phase are illustrated. The modelling phase concentrates especially on the heteroscedasticity problem that is commonly present in industrial applications. The process monitoring and control parameter optimization based on these models is presented, as well as the solution for the lack of observations for the dependent variable. Many of the developed models are in daily use in different process states in steel industry. They enable the design of new products and the analysis of the effects of different process parameters on variability reduction. The proposed methods are application independent.
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Oxley, RE. "Analysis of historical records of a grazing property in south-western Queensland. 2. Vegetation changes." Rangeland Journal 9, no. 1 (1987): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9870030.
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This article combines data from historical records, recently published maps and a field survey to document changes in the vegetation of a pastoral area in south-western Queensland. Examples are given where wildfire, ringbarking,clearing and grazing by both rabbits anddomestic stock have had major influences on the vegetation. The greatest change to the trees and inedible shrubs has been one of density. Evidence for changes in the herbaceous layer is less conclusive but it is likely that there has been a reduction in density of desirable perennial grasses and an increase in less palatable species.
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Wang, Hong Jiu, and Zhen Zhen Wang. "Research on Machining Ellipse Gyre Surface with the Ball-End Cutter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2266.
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Ellipse gyre surface has wide application due to its special optical property. High-precision manufacturing is more and more important. Here we performed an analysis to decreasing reduction of batch production cost. Firstly, the scheme of manufacturing of 2-axis NC machining is given. Secondly, a basis for calculation of row space with the ball-end cutter is provided. Lastly, the formula of the level and the axis feed is also provided. The feasibility and reliability of these models are proved with examples.
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Azhar, Zulfiqar, Liaquat, and Kumar. "Reduced Order Controller Design for Symmetric, Non-Symmetric and Unstable Systems Using Extended Cross-Gramian." Machines 7, no. 3 (June 29, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines7030048.
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In model order reduction and system theory, the cross-gramian is widely applicable. The cross-gramian based model order reduction techniques have the advantage over conventional balanced truncation that it is computationally less complex, while providing a unique relationship with the Hankel singular values of the original system at the same time. This basic property of cross-gramian holds true for all symmetric systems. However, for non-square and non-symmetric dynamical systems, the standard cross-gramian does not satisfy this property. Hence, alternate approaches need to be developed for its evaluation. In this paper, a generalized frequency-weighted cross-gramian-based controller reduction algorithm is presented, which is applicable to both symmetric and non-symmetric systems. The proposed algorithm is also applicable to unstable systems even if they have poles of opposite polarities and equal magnitudes. The proposed technique produces an accurate approximation of the reduced order model in the desired frequency region with a reduced computational effort. A lower order controller can be designed using the proposed technique, which ensures closed-loop stability and performance with the original full order plant. Numerical examples provide evidence of the efficacy of the proposed technique.
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Hu, Qiao, Qin, and Wei. "Approximate Multi-Degree Reduction of SG-Bézier Curves Using the Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm." Symmetry 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2019): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101242.
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SG-Bézier curves have become a useful tool for shape design and geometric representation in computer aided design (CAD), owed to their good geometric properties, e.g., symmetry and convex hull property. Aiming at the problem of approximate degree reduction of SG-Bézier curves, a method is proposed to reduce the n-th SG-Bézier curves to m-th (m < n) SG-Bézier curves. Starting from the idea of grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and combining the geometric properties of SG-Bézier curves, this method converts the problem of multi-degree reduction of SG-Bézier curves into solving an optimization problem. By choosing the fitness function, the approximate multi-degree reduction of SG-Bézier curves with adjustable shape parameters is realized under unrestricted and corner interpolation constraints. At the same time, some concrete examples of degree reduction and its errors are given. The results show that this method not only achieves good degree reduction effect, but is also easy to implement and has high accuracy.
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Park, Minjae, Mi Lim Lee, and Jinpyo Lee. "Integrated Process Control by Combining Controllers and Monitoring Charts." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 27, no. 04 (December 30, 2019): 2050013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539320500138.
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Integrated processes between automatic process control (APC) and statistical process control (SPC) have been of interest to researchers in the process control area as both are complementary to each other and share the common objective of reduction of process variation. In this paper, a control system with damping property functions is designed as an integral controller and is combined with SPC charts in order to reduce process variability. The proposed controller is compared with other existing and widely-used controllers including minimum mean square error controllers and proportional, integral and derivative controllers under the integration of APC and SPC. The results show that indeed a damping controller with optimum parameters results in a more significant reduction in process variation than the widely-used ones. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed controller.
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Lončar, Josip, Bojan Igrec, and Dubravko Babić. "Negative-Inertia Converters: Devices Manifesting Negative Mass and Negative Moment of Inertia." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030529.
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Negative inertia is an unusual and counter-intuitive property of matter, extensively investigated in some of the most exotic branches of physics and engineering at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Such an exotic property promises a wide range of applications, from Alcubierre drive to acoustic wave manipulation. Here, a novel approach to the realization of negative inertia and the concept of negative-inertia converters are introduced for both translational and rotational motion. The proposed devices, capable of exhibiting negative mass and negative moment of inertia, base their operational principle on actuating the loading inertia, concealed within the housing of the device, synchronously with the displacement of the housing itself. Negative-inertia converters share many similarities with negative-impedance converters, including their proneness to instability. Thus, an equivalent circuit model of the proposed devices is developed and simulated in lossless and lossy environments. Friction, unavoidable in every practical system, is found to be the main cause of instability. The derived closed-form stability condition suggests that the effective inertia of a system containing a negative-inertia converter must remain positive to ensure the stability. Despite this limitation, negative-inertia converters may become the key elements in applications requiring reduction of an object’s inertia.
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Xu, Xiulin, Xing Lu, Zuoxiang Qin, and Dalong Yang. "The study of friction layer and tribological property of PI–matrix composites." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-02-2016-0035.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the friction layer and tribological property of polyimide (PI)–matrix composites under different friction speeds. Design/methodology/approach Friction tests were conducted under friction speeds ranging from 20-120 km/h and pressure of 0.57 MPa by a pin-on-disk tribometer. Findings The results indicate that the friction coefficient decreases with the increasing of the friction speed. Under different friction speeds, the structure of the friction layer and debris are different, which affects the actual tribological performance of the composites. At low friction speed, the morphology of the friction layer is mainly particulate. The higher level of clenching action between the friction pair leads to a high friction coefficient, and the morphology of the particles in the particulate zone and the wear debris are mostly equiaxial particles. At high friction speed, the morphology of the friction layer is mainly a compact zone. The reduction of the surface roughness leads to a low friction coefficient. The debris collected on the counter surface at high friction speeds are mostly big sheets, and the morphology of the particles in the particulate zone is mostly rod-like. Controlling the conditions of the disk and the pin can reveal the influence of friction speed on the friction layer. The wear mechanisms at different friction speeds are also discussed. Originality/value By controlling the conditions of the disk and the pin to reveal the influence of friction speed on the friction layer, and the evolutions of the friction layer, wear debris were carefully inspected with the aim of demonstrating the relationship between friction speed and wear mechanism of PI–matrix composites.
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Tsiovkina, Ludmila Yu. "ON SOME VERTEX-TRANSITIVE DISTANCE-REGULAR ANTIPODAL COVERS OF COMPLETE GRAPHS." Ural Mathematical Journal 8, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umj.2022.2.014.
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In the present paper, we classify abelian antipodal distance-regular graphs \(\Gamma\) of diameter 3 with the following property: \((*)\) \(\Gamma\) has a transitive group of automorphisms \(\widetilde{G}\) that induces a primitive almost simple permutation group \(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma}\) on the set \({\Sigma}\) of its antipodal classes. There are several infinite families of (arc-transitive) examples in the case when the permutation rank \({\rm rk}(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma})\) of \(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma}\) equals 2 moreover, all such graphs are now known. Here we focus on the case \({\rm rk}(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma})=3\).Under this condition the socle of \(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma}\) turns out to be either a sporadic simple group, or an alternating group, or a simple group of exceptional Lie type, or a classical simple group. Earlier, it was shown that the family of non-bipartite graphs \(\Gamma\) with the property \((*)\) such that \(rk(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma})=3\) and the socle of \(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma}\) is a sporadic or an alternating group is finite and limited to a small number of potential examples. The present paper is aimed to study the case of classical simple socle for \(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma}\). We follow a classification scheme that is based on a reduction to minimal quotients of \(\Gamma\) that inherit the property \((*)\). For each given group \(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma}\) with simple classical socle of degree \(|{\Sigma}|\le 2500\), we determine potential minimal quotients of \(\Gamma\), applying some previously developed techniques for bounding their spectrum and parameters in combination with the classification of primitive rank 3 groups of the corresponding type and associated rank 3 graphs. This allows us to essentially restrict the sets of feasible parameters of \(\Gamma\) in the case of classical socle for \(\widetilde{G}^{\Sigma}\) under condition \(|{\Sigma}|\le 2500.\)
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Hauger, M. B., J. M. Mouchel, and P. S. Mikkelsen. "Indicators of hazard, vulnerability and risk in urban drainage." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2006): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.622.
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An alternative definition of risk is proposed as risk being a function of the hazard, which is related to the risk source and the vulnerability, which is related to the risk object. The same hazard will not cause the same effect on all risk objects. Therefore, vulnerability is introduced as a system-dependent property to be the link between the hazard and the effect so that the combination of the occurrence of a hazard and the vulnerability of an object results in the effect. In risk communication indicators are helpful since they help to simplify the message that has to be communicated. Three examples (pluvial flooding of sewers, dissolved oxygen depletion in streams and discharge of chemicals to receiving waters) show that dependent on the risk problem possibilities for risk reduction lies either at the risk source or at the risk object. Therefore, it is important to have indicators that can be used when the possibilities of risk reduction are analysed.
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Vijaya Anand, N., M. Siva Kumar, and R. Srinivasa Rao. "A novel reduced order modeling of interval system using soft computing optimization approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, no. 7 (April 17, 2018): 879–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818766811.
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This research article presents a novel algorithm for the model order reduction of higher order linear time interval systems using soft computing optimization approach. In the proposed method, a new recursive formula for alpha parameters is developed for determining reduced order interval model without formulating alpha and beta tables. The denominator and numerator polynomials of reduced order interval model are determined based on minimization of a multi-objective function comprising integral squared error and impulse response energy error using particle swarm optimization technique. The proposed algorithm has several advantageous features such as reduced computational complexity and stability preservation property. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is illustrated through typical numerical examples available in the literature, and the results are successfully compared with the other familiar methods.
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Li, Wentao, Yongqiang Hei, Jing Yang, and Xiaowei Shi. "Fractal-Based Thinned Planar-Array Design Utilizing Iterative FFT Technique." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/329648.
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This paper investigated the synthesis problem of fractal-based thinned planar arrays by using the iterative Fourier technique (IFT). Since an inverse discrete Fourier transform relationship exists between the array factor and the element excitations for a periodic array antenna, an iterative Fourier technique is introduced to derive the array element excitation from the prescribed array factor based on this peculiar property. However, considering the IFT technique is sensitive to the initial values, the fractal-thinned array technique is employed and combined in the synthesis process to exploit the advantages of these two techniques. Moreover, the DRR of the excitation amplitude is controlled to achieve a reduction of the cost of the feeding network. Numerical examples have been carried out to validate the proposed approach.
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Грановский and E. Granovskiy. "Technical Regulation of Industrial Facilities Safety: Tolerable Risk Definition." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20798.
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Basic principles for definition of a tolerable risk as a criterion for decision-making in risk management are considered. It
has been shown that the principle of common sense (ALARP) allows define boundaries for justifiable costs of risk reduction.
Examples for definition of tolerable risk to hazardous production facilities personnel, population, and environment are
presented. It has been demonstrated that regardless of hazardous production facilities management for tolerable risk
definition may be used risks of natural, man-made or other nature of the impact on people, property and environment. These
risks may be evaluated either by objective statistics or by other methods. Tolerable risk level definition by stakeholders
with participation of concerned parties, and not by formal approval this level by government agencies, makes the decision
more effective.
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Zvyagintseva, Lydia. "Articulating Our Very Unfreedom: The Impossibility of Refusal in the Contemporary Academy." Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship 7 (December 15, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cjalrcbu.v7.36367.
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This paper begins and ends with a provocation: I argue that refusal in librarianship is both impossible and necessary. Reviewing examples of crisis narratives which permeate both American and Canadian universities, I take a materialist perspective on the idea of refusal within academic librarianship. To do so, I draw on the work of Audra Simpson, Kyle Whyte, Eve Tuck, Mario Tronti, and Rinaldo Walcott to examine the sites of impossibility of refusal in the practice of academic librarianship within contemporary neoliberal education institutions. Then, I analyze the totality of capitalism in setting the limit for the practice of refusal through case studies of direct action, including the Icelandic Women’s Strike of 1975 and the 2020 Scholar Strike Canada. Finally, I identify private property and history as key frames for understanding the contradiction at the heart of refusal of crisis. As such, any refusal that does not address the centrality of labour and private property relations can thus be understood as harm reduction rather than emancipation. Ultimately, I argue that for librarians to refuse would require an abandonment of liberalism as librarianship’s guiding philosophy, and a redefinition of librarianship as such.
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Mat Noor, Noorsidi Aizuddin. "Whole Life Cycle Costing and Quality Satisfaction: Public Housing Floor Material." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.877.
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Most commonly, residents are always arguing about the satisfaction of sustainability and quality of their high rise residential property. This paper aim is to maintain the best quality satisfaction of the floor materials by introducing the whole life cycle costing approach to the property manager of the public housing in Johor. This paper looks into the current situation of floor material of two public housings in Johor, Malaysia and testing the whole life cycle costing approach towards them. The cost figures may be implemented to justify higher investments, for examples, in the quality or flexibility of building solutions through a long-term cost reduction. The calculation and the literature review are conducted. The questionnaire surveys of two public housings were conducted to make clear the occupants evaluation about the actual quality conditions of the floor material in their house. As a result, the quality of floor material based on the whole life cycle costing approach is one of the best among their previous decision making tool that was applied. Practitioners can benefit from this paper as it provides information on calculating the whole life costing and making the decisions for floor material selection for their properties.
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Jamroga, Wojciech, Beata Konikowska, Damian Kurpiewski, and Wojciech Penczek. "Multi-valued Verification of Strategic Ability." Fundamenta Informaticae 175, no. 1-4 (September 28, 2020): 207–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2020-1955.
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Some multi-agent scenarios call for the possibility of evaluating specifications in a richer domain of truth values. Examples include runtime monitoring of a temporal property over a growing prefix of an infinite path, inconsistency analysis in distributed databases, and verification methods that use incomplete anytime algorithms, such as bounded model checking. In this paper, we present multi-valued alternating-time temporal logic ( mv-ATL → ∗ ), an expressive logic to specify strategic abilities in multi-agent systems. It is well known that, for branchingtime logics, a general method for model-independent translation from multi-valued to two-valued model checking exists. We show that the method cannot be directly extended to mv-ATL → ∗ . We also propose two ways of overcoming the problem. Firstly, we identify constraints on formulas for which the model-independent translation can be suitably adapted. Secondly, we present a model-dependent reduction that can be applied to all formulas of mv-ATL → ∗ . We show that, in all cases, the complexity of verification increases only linearly when new truth values are added to the evaluation domain. We also consider several examples that show possible applications of mv-ATL → ∗ and motivate its use for model checking multi-agent systems.
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Maleki Jebeli, Saeed, and Masoud Shariat Panahi. "An evolutionary approach for simultaneous optimization of material property distribution and topology of FG structures." Engineering Computations 32, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 234–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-07-2013-0188.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce an evolutionary heuristic method for simultaneous optimization of topology and material property distribution of functionally graded (FG) structures under a prescribed loading condition. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed procedure is inspired by heuristic nature of bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) and genetic algorithm (GA). The optimization algorithm is developed in the context of minimum compliance (maximum stiffness) design problem. The problem is modeled by means of finite element method (FEM). The element-wise material volume fractions and elements’ status (i.e. existence or nonexistence in FE model) are introduced as design variables. After FE analysis, sensitivities are obtain and filtered according to BESO. Having determined sensitivities, by means of a heuristic scheme combined by GA, topology and material property distribution for the next cycle of optimization are determined by updating design variables. Findings – The adopted method has been tested by means of several examples previously reported in literature. The comparison showed the superiority of the proposed method against its rival in terms of relative reduction in compliance, smoother material property distribution and computational cost. Originality/value – The value of the described method lies in its simple (yet efficient) nature. In contrast with its only rival in literature which more relied on mathematical approach, proposed method uses a series of logic-based heuristic ideas to drive reasonable solutions but with far less computational cost.
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Sato, Hisashi, Wei Wei, Kazuaki Oguri, Motoko Yamada, and Yoshimi Watanabe. "Fabrication of Self-Lubricating Cu-Based Composite Containing Graphite Particle by Centrifugal Mixed-Powder Casting." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1579.
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Reduction of frictional coefficient at sliding position can improve wear resistance of material. In previous studies, Cu-based composites containing graphite particles have been reported. Since graphite is better lubrication material, the Cu-based composites containing graphite particles have better wear property comparing with the pure Cu. However, these composites are mainly fabricated by sintering method and its strength is relatively low. In this study, Cu-based composites containing graphite particles are fabricated by centrifugal mixed-powder casting. The centrifugal mixed-powder casting is novel centrifugal casting method combined with powder metallurgy. Using this casting method, the Cu-based composites containing graphite particles are successfully obtained. The graphite particles are distributed in the Cu matrix and no casting defects are observed. Moreover, wear resistance of these Cu-based composites are much better than pure Cu, and the frictional coefficient between these composites and bearing steel as the counter part is reduced by dispersion of the graphite particles. Furthermore, it is found that the optimum area fraction of the graphite particles to improve the wear resistance of the present Cu-based composite is from 15% to 21%.
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Shipton, Ceri, Chris Clarkson, and Rommy Cobden. "Were Acheulean Bifaces Deliberately Made Symmetrical? Archaeological and Experimental Evidence." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 29, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977431800032x.
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Acheulean bifaces dominate the archaeological record for 1.5 million years. The meaning behind the often symmetrical forms of these tools is the topic of considerable debate, with explanations ranging from effectiveness as a cutting tool to sexual display. Some, however, question whether the symmetry seen in many Acheulean bifaces is intentional at all, with suggestions that it is merely the result of a bias in hominin perception or an inevitable consequence of bifacial flaking. In this paper we address the issue of intention in biface symmetry. First, we use transmission chain experiments designed to track symmetry trends in the replication of biface outlines. Secondly, we use archaeological data to assess the symmetry of Acheulean bifaces from British, East African and Indian assemblages in relation to reduction intensity; the degree of bifaciality; and the symmetry of four Middle Palaeolithic bifacial core assemblages. Thirdly, we look at specific examples of the reduction sequences that produced symmetrical Acheulean cleavers at the sites of Olorgesailie CL1-1, Isinya, Chirki, Morgaon and Bhimbetka. All three lines of evidence support the notion that symmetry was a deliberately imposed property of Acheulean bifaces and not an epiphenomenon of hominin visual perception or bifacial technology.
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Hsu, Kuan-Lun. "Synthesis of trigonometric motion programs with lower motion characteristics." Mechanical Sciences 13, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-111-2022.
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Abstract. Motion characteristics are dimensionless peak values of velocity, acceleration, jerk, and acceleration multiplied by velocity of a motion program. In general, these peak values of synthesized motion programs should be as low as possible. Some trigonometric motion programs are widely used because they have a good compromise of all motion characteristics. A property in common for trigonometric motion programs is that their acceleration functions can be expressed as a qualitative shape of a sinusoidal function. The interval of the sinusoidal function is divided into several zones having different linear slopes. The acceleration function can be easily shaped by specifying presented phase angle function to synthesize desired motion programs. To improve the kinematic quantities of trigonometric motion programs, this paper addresses an alternative phase angle function to obtain synthesized motion programs with simultaneous reduction in all the motion characteristics. The synthesis process and results are illustrated by examples.
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Barros, Lucas A. B. de C., Catarina Karen dos Santos Silva, and Raquel de Freitas Oliveira. "State presence in the credit market: state-owned banks and earmarked credit in the 2008 crisis." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 32, no. 87 (December 2021): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202108930.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to document the relationship between the two mechanisms of state action (credit earmarking and corporate control of banks) and the granting of bank credit in Brazil during the 2008 global financial crisis. There is an intense debate in the literature about the effectiveness of the State’s role in the financial system and its effects on the economy. One aspect of this issue is identifying whether the state presence contributes to stabilizing the granting of credit and softening financial crises’ economic impact. The studies carried out to date have not considered the differences between free and earmarked credits at the bank level, nor their possible interaction with the type of bank property. The study’s subject is relevant because it can help guide counter-cyclical public policies to face crises, including the use of changes in credit earmarking or state-owned banks’ performance. The analyses carried out can inform the debate about the pros and cons of the state’s presence in the credit market. The study analyses data from 2005 to 2012 from financial institutions that capture deposits from the public. Inferences are based on linear regression models, including a wide range of control variables. This study documents a significant reduction in credit granted by private banks in Brazil and state-owned banks’ expansion during the 2008 crisis. This evidence is not only due to differences in the funding rate during the period or to economic fundamentals, suggesting that the effect of corporate control is possibly related to the counter-cyclical performance of state-owned banks. The results show that the credit earmarking mechanisms were not particularly relevant in smoothing the contraction resulting from the financial crisis.
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Rode, Rafael, Helio Garcia Leite, Daniel Henrique Breda Binoti, Carlos Antonio Álvares Soares Ribeiro, Agostinho Lopes Souza, Diogo Nepomuceno Cosenza, and Carlos Pedro Boechat. "APPLYING CLASSICAL FOREST REGULATION METHODS TO SMALLHOLDINGS WITH COOPERATIVE CONSTRAINTS." CERNE 22, no. 2 (June 2016): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201622022114.
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ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the cooperative regulation process of forestry producers in comparison to the traditional individual regulation of properties. Twenty (20) forest properties are studied as examples of the development of three forest regulation scenarios: 1) individual regulation, 2) group regulation, and 3) cooperative regulation. The Net Present Value (NPV) of each of the scenarios is optimized according to mathematical programming models and compared to a baseline scenario without forest regulation. According to the proposed cooperative regulation, properties had a proportion factor for annual net revenue distribution calculated from results of the baseline scenario. By comparing the NPV maximization results from scenarios 1 and 3 with the non-regulation scenario, the cost for individual regulation is on average 25%, while being only 11% for cooperative regulation, that is, a 14% reduction in property regulation costs. Additionally, cooperative regulation had the advantage of dividing properties into fewer areas when compared to individual regulation.
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Kashyap, Rina, and Anjali Bhatia. "Taxi Drivers and Taxidars: A Case Study of Uber and Ola in Delhi." Journal of Developing Societies 34, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x18757144.
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This article examines the role of the sharing economy in India’s development through the examples of aggregated taxis such as Uber and Ola in Delhi. 1 Based on a general survey of Uber and Ola drivers and users in Delhi, we argue that Uber and Ola do not measure up to their expected potential in the development of India’s economy on the parameters of ecological sustainability, employment through renting out assets and reduction in the need to own assets. Yet, Uber and Ola are notable for the creation of viable employment opportunities for drivers, and their many benefits for urban middle class users. Unique to the Uber and Ola phenomenon in India is the interception of driver opportunities by taxidars (taxi-owners). This tweaked Uber model for the Indian market allows the middle class individual—the police official, bureaucrat, property dealer, transporter or a professional—an entry into the aggregated taxi market.
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Chiang Hsieh, Lin-Han. "How Does the Effect Fade over Distance? An Inquiry into the Decay Pattern of Distance Effect on Property Values in the Case of Taipei, Taiwan." Land 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111238.
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It is generally accepted that the perception of homeowners towards certain potential risks or amenities fades as distance from the risk or amenity increases. This study aims to illustrate the distance–decay pattern with an appropriate mathematical function. Distance–decay functions and parameters that yield the minimum residual sum of squares (RSS) for a given regression model are considered to be the optimal approximation for the pattern of decay. The effect of flood risk and mass rapid transit (MRT) accessibility on residential housing prices in Taipei, Taiwan, are used as examples to test the optimization process. The results indicate that the type of distance function affects both the significance and the magnitude of the regression coefficients. In the case of Taipei, concave functions provide better fits for both the flood risk and MRT accessibility. RSS reduction is up to 10% compared to the blank. Surprisingly, the impact range for the flood risk is found to be larger than that for MRT accessibility, which suggested that the impact range of perception for uncertain risks is larger than expected.
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Li, Wei, Yansong He, Zhongming Xu, and Zhifei Zhang. "A reduced passive constrained layer damping finite element model based on the modified improved reduced system method." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 758–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217699022.
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This paper proposed a new reduced passive constrained layer damping finite element model. The passive constrained layer damping structure is a sort of sandwich plate made up of a viscoelastic core sandwiched between two elastic faces. The model is built by combining the first shear deformation theory with the Golla-Hughes-McTavish model that takes the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic material property into consideration. Due to the Golla-Hughes-McTavish model, the stiffness, damping and mass matrices are at least doubled, which requires a large amount of calculation. Then, a modified improved reduced system method is proposed to reduce the order of the model. Finally, the proposed reduced model is compared to the Guyan reduction, the mode truncation and the improved reduced system models by two numerical examples. It demonstrates that the proposed modified improved reduced system method is obviously superior to the other three classical methods and the presented passive constrained layer damping model with the Golla-Hughes-McTavish model is an effective and accurate sandwich model, which can be applied to the finite element software.
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Gampel, Eric H. "A Defense of the Autonomy of Ethics: Why Value Is Not Like Water." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 26, no. 2 (June 1996): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1996.10717450.
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There has recently been a revival of interest in ‘naturalizing’ ethics. A naturalization seeks to vindicate ethical realism — the idea that ethical judgments can be true reflections of a moral reality — without violating the naturalist constraint that science sets the limits of ontology. The recent revival has been prompted by examples of successful scientific reduction (e.g. temperature, water), and by the emergence of new, nonreductive naturalist strategies (e.g. for biological and mental properties). In this paper, I argue against such naturalist approaches to ethics. My argument builds on the traditional one offered by G.E. Moore, namely that a naturalization would fail to respect an existing difference between the meanings of moral and naturalistic terms. I defend this line of argument against the common claim that it cannot block ‘synthetic’ property identities, ones grounded not in meaning equivalences but in empirical discoveries (as in the cases of temperature and water). I then go on to show that the Moorean argument can make trouble even for recent revisionist and nonreductive naturalist approaches.
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VENTRESCA, DON, and GREG WELSCH. "Multifunctional barrier coating systems created by multilayer curtain coating." November 2020 19, no. 11 (December 1, 2020): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.11.561.
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Functional coatings are applied to paper and paperboard substrates to provide resistance, or a barrier, against media such as oil and grease (OGR), water, water vapor as measured by moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), and oxygen, for applications such as food packaging, food service, and other non-food packaging. Typical functional barrier coatings can be created by applying a solid coating or extruded film, a solvent based-coating, or a water-based coating to the paper substrate using various means of coating applicators. This paper focuses on water-based barrier coatings (WBBC) for OGR, water, MVTR, and oxygen barriers. The main goal was to create coated systems that can achieve more than one barrier property using multilayer curtain coating (MLCC). Curtain coating has emerged as the premier low-impact application method for coated paper and paperboard. This paper provides examples using MLCC to create coating structures that provide multiple barrier properties in a single coating step. Barrier polymer systems studied include styrene butadiene, styrene acrylate, vinyl acrylic, and natural materials, as well as proprietary additives where required to give desired performance. The paper also shows how the specific coating layers can be optimized to produce the desired property profile, without concern for blocking, as the addition of a non-blocking top layer can be applied in the MLCC structure as well. Experiments on base sheet types also shows the importance of applying the multilayer structure on a pre-coated surface in order to improve coating thickness consistency and potentially allow for the reduction of more expensive layer components.
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ANTONELI, FERNANDO, and IAN STEWART. "SYMMETRY AND SYNCHRONY IN COUPLED CELL NETWORKS 2: GROUP NETWORKS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 17, no. 03 (March 2007): 935–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127407017641.
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This paper continues the study of patterns of synchrony (equivalently, balanced colorings or flow-invariant subspaces) in symmetric coupled cell networks, and their relation to fixed-point spaces of subgroups of the symmetry group. Let Γ be a permutation group acting on the set of cells. We define the group network [Formula: see text], whose architecture is entirely determined by the group orbits of Γ. We prove that if Γ has the "balanced extension property" then every balanced coloring of [Formula: see text] is a fixed-point coloring relative to the automorphism group of the group network. This theorem applies in particular when Γ is cyclic or dihedral, acting on cells as the symmetries of a regular polygon, and in these cases the automorphism group is Γ itself. In general, however, the automorphism group may be larger than Γ. Several examples of this phenomenon are discussed, including the finite simple group of order 168 in its permutation representation of degree 7. More dramatically, for some choices of Γ there exist balanced colorings of [Formula: see text] that are not fixed-point colorings. For example, there exists an exotic balanced 2-coloring when Γ is the symmetry group of the two-dimensional square lattice. This coloring is doubly periodic, and its reduction modulo 8 leads to a finite group with similar properties. Although these patterns do not arise from fixed-point spaces, we provide a group-theoretic explanation of their balance property in terms of a sublattice of index two.
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Kombarova, K., and Natalia Horbal. "Management of transaction costs of enterprises." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2022, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2022.02.030.
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The essence and role of transaction costs are analyzed; it is shown that their share in enterprises is significant. Transaction costs, in particular, are defined as costs in the field of exchange related to acts of sale, transfer of property rights, emphasizing that they are not directly related to the production process of enterprises, but to organizational issues of their activities. Modern business conditions lead to an increase of transaction costs, associated with an expansion of the range of counterparties, a continuous increase in information flows, specific costs depending on ownership factors, etc. Trends in growth of such costs at domestic enterprises were identified and reasons for their high level were given. Classification of transaction costs of enterprises is presented. Key factors that complicate the control and minimization of transaction costs are highlighted. Examples of hidden transaction costs are given. Relationship between such costs and the value creation chain of enterprises is described, and it is shown that not all groups of transaction costs are related to the stages of product creation. Examples of impact of these costs on a production process are presented. In general, increase in the scale of enterprises' activities due to the addition of related industries to their composition can lead to a decrease in transaction costs. On the other hand, due to the increase in a size of the enterprise and the complexity of its structure, the costs of its general management are increasing. The optimal size of the enterprise can be reached when the savings from the reduction of transaction costs associated with the growth of the enterprise will become equal to the additional costs of managing it. It is shown that application of the proposed measures will ensure reduction of transaction costs and will positively affect the level of expenses of enterprises in general and contribute to the growth of the efficiency of their activities.
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Oppy, Graham. "Swinburne on ‘mental’ and ‘physical’." Religious Studies 34, no. 4 (December 1998): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412598004600.
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This paper examines Richard Swinburne's definitions of ‘mental property’ and ‘physical property’. After some preliminary tidying up (Section 1), the paper introduces eight putative counter-examples to Swinburne's definitions (Section 2). The paper then considers amendments to Swinburne's account of ‘mental property’ (Section 3) and ‘physical property’ (Section 4) which deal with these counter-examples. Finally, the paper closes with some brief remarks about the metaphysics of properties (Appendix). Along the way, the paper provides various reasons for thinking that Swinburne's definitions are hardly likely to be acceptable to non-theists.
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Yang, Yang, Guanheng Fan, Xiangfei Ji, and Mengchen Pei. "Modular Line-Focused Space Solar Power Satellite." Aerospace 8, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8030082.
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The Space Solar Power Satellite is an ultra-large space structure, which collects sunlight directly in space and then transmits it into the ground. Since the idea was invented in 1968, scientists around the world have proposed several typical conceptual design models. Nevertheless, the conceptual models have not been implemented for technological, manufacturing, and cost reasons. This paper presents a novel Space Solar Power Satellite scheme with modular line-focused concentrators and low concentration photovoltaic modules. First, the line-focused mode is analyzed and the optical performance of the circular trough concentrator is evaluated via ray-trace technique. Then, shape optimization for the cell array based on the Bézier curve is carried out to improve the optical property. Numerical examples indicate that the optimized cell array could obtain high power collection efficiency and suitable energy distribution. Moreover, the area of the photovoltaic cell array is reduced, which is conducive to cost reduction. Furthermore, modular design is conducted on the circular trough concentrator. Finally, the primary scheme of the novel Space Solar Power Satellite is designed with the previous modular concentrator and optimized cell array.
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Mordido, Andreia, and Carlos Caleiro. "Probabilistic logic over equations and domain restrictions." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 29, no. 06 (March 8, 2019): 872–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096012951800035x.
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AbstractWe propose and study a probabilistic logic over an algebraic basis, including equations and domain restrictions. The logic combines aspects from classical logic and equational logic with an exogenous approach to quantitative probabilistic reasoning. We present a sound and weakly complete axiomatization for the logic, parameterized by an equational specification of the algebraic basis coupled with the intended domain restrictions.We show that the satisfiability problem for the logic is decidable, under the assumption that its algebraic basis is given by means of a convergent rewriting system, and, additionally, that the axiomatization of domain restrictions enjoys a suitable subterm property. For this purpose, we provide a polynomial reduction to Satisfiability Modulo Theories. As a consequence, we get that validity in the logic is also decidable. Furthermore, under the assumption that the rewriting system that defines the equational basis underlying the logic is also subterm convergent, we show that the resulting satisfiability problem is NP-complete, and thus the validity problem is coNP-complete.We test the logic with meaningful examples in information security, namely by verifying and estimating the probability of the existence of offline guessing attacks to cryptographic protocols.
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Varner, J. Morgan, J. Kevin Hiers, Slaton B. Wheeler, John McGuire, Lenya Quinn-Davidson, William E. Palmer, and Laurie Fowler. "Increasing Pace and Scale of Prescribed Fire via Catastrophe Funds for Liability Relief." Fire 4, no. 4 (October 19, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4040077.
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Increased prescribed burning is needed to provide a diversity of public benefits, including wildfire hazard reduction, improved forest resilience, and biodiversity conservation. Though rare, escaped burns or significant smoke impacts may result in harm to individuals and property. Liability for potential damages reduces the willingness of fire managers to expand the practice, particularly where the wildland–urban interface creates the greatest risk. Across the United States of America, efforts have been made to reduce prescribed fire-related risks through statutory reform, training and certification requirements, and private insurance. An increasing number of states have adopted the liability standard of gross negligence to protect prescribed fire practitioners. When liability relief is tied to best practices or burn manager certification, risk to the public from potential prescribed fire impacts is reduced. Under this model, however, those harmed by prescribed fire may have little legal recourse for compensation from losses. Here, we explore the pairing of a mechanism to compensate losses while limiting liability for practitioners who use best management practices. Specifically, we assess the suitability of using a catastrophe fund in conjunction with adoption of gross negligence standards, modeled after other natural hazards examples. This model could ensure public support and sustain and expand prescribed fire in many fire-prone landscapes.
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Pompili, Maurizio, Rory C. O'Connor, and Kees van Heeringen. "Suicide Prevention in the European Region." Crisis 41, Supplement 1 (March 1, 2020): S8—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000665.
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Abstract. Although the majority of the world's suicides occur in Asia, suicide and self-harm are major concerns in Europe as well. Suicide accounts for 1.4% of the total number of deaths in Europe, with rates highest among those aged over 70 and also high among those aged 45–59 years. Europe accounts for six of the top ten countries with the highest suicide rates internationally. Although rates of suicide attempts and self-harm are not consistently recorded, evidence from hospital-based studies and school-based surveys highlight their extent and scale. Numerous countries in Europe have developed national suicide prevention strategies and action plans. Some of the suicide prevention activities in Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Scotland, France, Germany, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine, and Italy are summarized. In the chapter we also highlight novel suicide prevention projects funded by the EU which have advanced our understanding of suicide risk and have developed the evidence base for what works to prevent suicide. Examples include the European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD), Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE), Suicide Prevention Through Internet and Media Based Mental Health Promotion (SUPREME), and Reduction of Suicides and Trespasses on Railway Property (RESTRAIL). Future challenges and opportunities for suicide prevention in Europe are also discussed.
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Raghu Nadhanan, Rethi, Suzanne M. Abimosleh, Yu-Wen Su, Michaela A. Scherer, Gordon S. Howarth, and Cory J. Xian. "Dietary emu oil supplementation suppresses 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy-induced inflammation, osteoclast formation, and bone loss." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): E1440—E1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00587.2011.
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Cancer chemotherapy can cause osteopenia or osteoporosis, and yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and currently, no preventative treatments are available. This study investigated damaging effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on histological, cellular, and molecular changes in the tibial metaphysis and potential protective benefits of emu oil (EO), which is known to possess a potent anti-inflammatory property. Female dark agouti rats were gavaged orally with EO or water (1 ml·day−1·rat−1) for 1 wk before a single ip injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) or saline (Sal) was given. The treatment groups were H2O + Sal, H2O + 5-FU, EO + 5-FU, and EO + Sal. Oral gavage was given throughout the whole period up to 1 day before euthanasia ( days 3, 4, and 5 post-5-FU). Histological analysis showed that H2O + 5-FU significantly reduced heights of primary spongiosa on days 3 and 5 and trabecular bone volume of secondary spongiosa on days 3 and 4. It reduced density of osteoblasts slightly and caused an increase in the density of osteoclasts on trabecular bone surface on day 4. EO supplementation prevented reduction of osteoblasts and induction of osteoclasts and bone loss caused by 5-FU. Gene expression studies confirmed an inhibitory effect of EO on osteoclasts since it suppressed 5-FU-induced expression of proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokine TNFα, osteoclast marker receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, and osteoclast-associated receptor. Therefore, this study demonstrated that EO can counter 5-FU chemotherapy-induced inflammation in bone, preserve osteoblasts, suppress osteoclast formation, and potentially be useful in preventing 5-FU chemotherapy-induced bone loss.
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Jolissaint, Paul. "Relative Inner Amenability and Relative Property Gamma." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 119, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-24748.
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Let $H$ be a proper subgroup of a discrete group $G$. We introduce a notion of relative inner amenability of $H$ in $G$, we prove some equivalent conditions and provide examples coming mainly from semidirect products, as well as counter-examples. We also discuss the corresponding relative property gamma for pairs of type II$_1$ factors $N\subset M$ and we deduce from this a characterization of discrete, icc groups which do not have property (T).
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Adamikova, Eva, and Iveta Sedlakova. "Impact of creative accounting on the company value: Empirical study for Slovakia." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219202001.
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Research background: Procedures and methods for determining the value of a company are different. The purpose of determining the value of the company, what results the company reports and also who performs the valuation has a significant influence on the choice of the method. Purpose of the article: The determination of the final value of the company is influenced by many factors, economic, technical, specifics of the company and also the date on which the value is calculated and who performs the evaluation. Methods: In expert practice in determining the value of the company, we work mainly with methods based on property and income principles (asset method, yield method). The basic material for calculating the value of a company is the company’s accounting, which, however, can often be influenced. There can be several purposes for distorting accounting information (financial statements). The most common reason is the reduction of the tax base, or artificial improvement of the achieved results. Creative accounting practices significantly affect the structure of the company as well as its financial results. Findings & Value added: The main goal of the paper is to quantify a few examples, which will contribute to reducing the economic result. Subsequently, we analyse these interventions how they can affect the resulting general value of the company determined by the expert and whether the expert is able to detect them.
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Inal, Tolga, Gokce Kaan Atac, and Ziya Telatar. "Effect of Noise Adaptive Wavelet Filter on Diagnostic Performance in Stroke Perfusion." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3341.
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Background: Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) images include more noise than routine clinic computed tomography (CT) images. Singular value decomposition based deconvolution algorithms are widely used for obtaining several functional perfusion maps. Recently block circulant singular value decomposition algorithms become popular for its superior property of immunity to contrast bolus lag. It is well known from literature that these algorithms are very sensitive to noise. There are a lot of examples of noise reduction filters in the literature as well as commercial ones. Functional maps which help physicians in the diagnostic process can be obtained with better image quality by de-noising CTP images with adaptive noise reduction filters. Objective: In this study, the effect of a noise adaptive wavelet filtering method on diagnostic performance on CTP stroke patient images is investigated. Method: Images of acute stroke patients were de-noised by this method and their diagnostic value were evaluated by visual means, peak signal-to-noise ratio and time intensity profile metrics. An observer evaluation study was carried out in order to validate quantitative image quality metrics. The results are compared with Gaussian and a bilateral filter based filtering method called TIPS (Time Intensity Profile Similarity) on same images sets to benchmark proposed method. Results: The diagnostic value of the images obtained from noise adaptive wavelet filtering method were better than Gaussian filter method and were compatible with a wellknown time intensity profile similarity bilateral filter method. Diagnostic performance of the both observers were improved compared to both Gaussian and TIPS methods. Conclusion: The noise adaptive wavelet filter method succeeded to reduce noise while preserving details contained in the contrast bolus. Its final effect on the timeintensity profiles and generated perfusion maps are compatible with the literature and showed improvements on diagnostic performance on specificity and overall accuracy when compared to other methods.
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Ash, Robert. "The Chinese Economy after Thirty Years of Reform: Perspectives from the Agricultural Sector." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2010): 36–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v28i1.2861.
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The contours of China's rural economy and society have changed dramatically during the last 30 years. Urbanization and migration have made China less of a rural society than it was in 1978, while agriculture is no longer the principal driver of rural, let alone national, economic growth. Nevertheless, the registered rural population still numbers well over 700 million, and the dominant role of agriculture as a source of employment persists to this day. In its efforts to promote sustainable economic and social development, the Chinese government faces some of its most pressing challenges in the countryside. Its ability to fulfil major goals – those relating to employment, food security, poverty reduction, welfare enhancement and environmental sustainability – therefore depends critically on the effectiveness of its rural policies.
Rapid growth and marked changes in the structure of farm production since 1978 have been underpinned by major improvements in both land and labour productivity. In particular, the response of farmers to changes in levels and patterns of food consumption associated with growing affluence has been quite impressive. Despite short-term fluctuations, trend growth of domestic grain above all, cereal output has been positive, as a result of which China has succeeded in fulfilling its target of maintaining 'basic' food self-sufficiency. The government's adherence to a strategy of food self-sufficiency that runs counter to the principle of comparative advantage has also minimized China's involvement in international cereal markets.
Meanwhile, property rights remain a core issue in the farm sector. From this perspective, a recent initiative, designed to facilitate the emergence of new kinds of land transfers that would pave the way for a process of land consolidation, appears to represent a significant new development – albeit one that carries dangers as well as opportunities.
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MANG, FREDDY Y. C., and PEI-HSIN HO. "CONTROLLABILITY AND COOPERATIVENESS ANALYSIS FOR AUTOMATIC ABSTRACTION REFINEMENT." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 17, no. 04 (August 2006): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054106004091.
Full textAbstract:
We present a new abstraction refinement algorithm to better refine the abstract model for formal property verification. In previous work, refinements are selected either based on a set of counter examples of the current abstract model, as in [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 21], or independent of any counter examples, as in [18]. We (1) introduce a new controllability analysis that is independent of any particular counter examples, (2) apply a new cooperativeness analysis that extracts information from a particular set of counter examples and (3) combine both to better refine the abstract model. We implemented the algorithm and applied it to verify several real-world designs and properties. We compared the algorithm against the abstraction refinement algorithms in [20] and [21] and the interpolation-based reachability analysis in [15]. The experimental results indicate that the new algorithm outperforms the other three algorithms in terms of runtime, abstraction efficiency (as defined in [20]) and the number of proven properties.
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Fu, Qiang, Jianjun Liu, Jiarui Shi, Xiao Li, Xueji Cai, and Zilong Meng. "Uncertainty Evaluation of Stochastic Structural Response with Correlated Random Variables." Shock and Vibration 2022 (June 6, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1496358.
Full textAbstract:
It has been realized that the influence of system parameter uncertainties may be very significant, even dominant, in stochastic response evaluation. Nevertheless, in reality, this evaluation process may be difficult to conduct due to these parameter variables (viz. structural property parameters, such as stiffness, damping, and strength, and excitation characteristics parameters, such as frequency content and duration) that are usually correlated with each other. Therefore, this study devotes to develop a method for evaluating stochastic response uncertainty involving correlated system parameter variables. In this method, the evaluation expression for the mean and standard deviation of the maximum response including uncertainty parameter variables are provided first; subsequently, a third-moment pseudo-correlation normal transformation is able to be performed for converting the correlated and non-normal system parameter variables with unknown joint probability density function (PDF) or marginal PDF into the mutually independent standard normal ones; ultimately, a point estimate procedure (PEP) based on univariate dimension reduction integration can be carried out for evaluating the structural stochastic response including uncertainty system parameters. Several numerical examples with an engineering background involving correlated system parameter variables are analyzed and discussed under stochastic excitation, and their results are compared with those yielded by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach proposed. It indicated that the method proposed, in this study, provides an effective path to deal with uncertainty evaluation of stochastic structural response involving correlated random variables.