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Journal articles on the topic 'Reducing CO2 emissions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Janssen, Arthur, Stephan F. Lienin, Fritz Gassmann, and Alexander Wokaun. "Reducing CO2-emissions." ATZ worldwide 107, no. 2 (February 2005): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03224720.

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2

Ziegler, Marc. "Reducing CO2 Emissions." MTZ worldwide 80, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-018-0159-5.

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3

Weeks, J. M. "Reducing CO2 emissions." Environmental Pollution 84, no. 2 (1994): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90106-6.

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4

Mersin, Kadir, İrsad Bayirhan, and Cem Gazioglu. "Review of CO2 emission and reducing methods in maritime transportation." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 6 (2019): 2073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190722372m.

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Despite the lowest CO2 emission in terms of payload per unit mile, commercial marine fleet transport is responsible for approximately 1 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions per year and 2.7% of the total global CO2 emission. To keep the world?s surface temperature below critical +2?C, International Maritime Organization works with alternative methods on a ton / mile basis to reduce existing CO2 emissions. In this study, these methods are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The future of CO2 emissions was also investigated.
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5

Mourad, Mohamed. "A proposed fuel cell vehicle for reducing CO2 emissions and its contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3, no. 2 (May 10, 2014): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i2.2349.

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Because of their high efficiency and low emissions, fuel cell vehicles are undergoing extensive research and development. When considering the introduction of advanced vehicles, a complete evaluation must be performed to determine the potential impact of a technology on carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gases emissions. However, the reduction of CO2 emission from the vehicle became the most important objective for all researches institutes of vehicle technologies worldwide. There interest recently to find unconventional methods to reduce greenhouse gas emission from vehicle to keep the environment clean. This paper offers an overview and simulation study to fuel cell vehicles, with the aim of introducing their main advantages and evaluates their influence on emissions of carbon dioxide from fuel cell vehicle and compares advanced propulsion technologies on a well-to-wheel energy basis by using current technology for conventional and fuel cell. The results indicate that the use of fuel cells, and especially fuel cells that consume hydrogen, provide a good attempt for enhancing environment quality and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, the emission reduction percentage of fuel cell vehicle reaches to 64% comparing to the conventional vehicle. Keywords: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle, Performance, Simulation, Driving Cycle, CO2 Emissions, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fuel Consumption.
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6

Pålsson, Henrik, and Ola Johansson. "Reducing transportation emissions." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 674–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-03-2014-0025.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the intention of companies to reduce transportation emissions by 2020 and the barriers and the discriminating factors that affect the reduction. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review identified potential logistical and technical actions and their barriers, and discriminating factors for reducing transportation emissions. A survey of freight transport-intensive industries in Sweden examined the effects of, intention for implementation of and barriers to 12 actions to reduce CO2 emissions from freight transportation. In total, 172 logistics managers responded, representing a response rate of 40.3 per cent. Findings – Logistics service providers (LSPs) and freight owners are likely to reduce a considerable amount of CO2 emissions from freight transportation by 2020 using a combination of actions. The lowest level of confidence was for reducing CO2 emissions by changing logistics structures, while there was greater confidence by means of operational changes. The actions have few barriers, but there is often a combination of barriers to overcome. Three discriminating factors influence the intention of a firm to reduce transportation emissions: perceived potential, company size and LSP/freight owner. The industrial sector of a freight owner has minor influence. Companies that are particularly likely to reduce emissions are LSPs, large companies, and those that perceive a large reduction potential. Research limitations/implications – Logistical and technical barriers appear to hinder companies from implementing actions, while organisational barriers and external prerequisites do not. Barriers cannot be used to predict companies’ intentions to reduce transportation emissions. The authors examined the impact of three discriminating factors on reduction of transportation emissions. The research is based on perceptions of well-informed managers and on companies in Sweden. Practical implications – The findings can be used by managers to identify firms for benchmarking initiatives and emissions-reducing strategies. Originality/value – The study provides insights into intended CO2 reductions in transportation by 2020. It presents new knowledge regarding barriers and discriminating factors for implementing actions to reduce transportation emissions.
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7

Prinajati, Purnomosutji Dyah. "ANALYSIS OF REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS USING SPIRULINA MICROALGAE." Volume 5 No. 1 March 2021 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v5i1.3810.

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Greenhouse Gases (GHG) consists of various types of gases that are produced either naturally from the environment or from the activities of living things, some examples of the dominant GHGs are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Sulfur Oxide (SOx), the largest contributors to GHG emissions are in the Energy sector, amounting to 175.62 million tons of CO2. Microalgae are the most primitive plants, can grow in low water quality with the availability of adequate nutrients and sunlight. The amount of CO2 that can be absorbed by 1 kg of dry spirulina is 1.83 kg of CO2. In addition, Spirulina Platensis can tolerate gas content of SOx, NOx and CO2 whose concentrations are <12%. This study aims to determine the process of utilizing CO2 gas emissions from power plant for the cultivation of Spirulina Platensis microalgae at PT. Indonesia Power UPJP Perak Grati. Based on the research results, the average emission load value generated from power plant, especially HRSG 1.1, is 10,403.31 tons CO2/ month on average. The temperature factor has a significant correlation with the growth of microalgae cells with an inverse correlation. Based on the tests carried out to determine the relationship between changes in the flow rate of CO2 in microalgae cultivation ponds to the growth of microalgae cells, it was found that the addition of CO2 in the cultivation pond with a flow rate of 1 L/ minute had a greater effect than other treatments. The amount of CO2 absorption by microalgae installations with a flow rate variation of 1 liter CO2/ minute is able to absorb 0.2766 tons of CO2/ month, or is only capable of <1% of the average emission load of HRSG 1.1 per month.
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8

Morrison, Michael B., and Patrick ten Brink. "The cost of reducing CO2 emissions." Energy Policy 21, no. 3 (March 1993): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(93)90250-j.

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9

Gordin, K. A., and Yu A. Zeigarnik. "The problem of reducing CO2 emissions." Vestnik Ob"edinennogo instituta vysokikh temperatur 3, no. 2 (2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33849/2019210.

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10

Tong, Qing, Sheng Zhou, Yuefeng Guo, Yang Zhang, and Xinyang Wei. "Forecast and Analysis on Reducing China’s CO2 Emissions from Lime Industrial Process." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030500.

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China greenhouse gas inventories show that CO2 emissions from the lime industrial process are large scales and closely related to the development of its downstream industries. Therefore, there is high importance to analyze and forecast on reducing China’s CO2 emissions from lime industrial process. The aims of this paper are to make up the research gaps in China and provide a quantitative reference for related authorities to formulate relevant policies. The prediction method in this paper is consistent with the published national inventory, which is an activity data based method to predict carbon dioxide emissions from the industrial process of four categories of lime products. Three future scenarios are assumed. The business as usual scenario (BAU) is a frozen scenario. There are two emission reduction scenarios (ERS and SRS) assumed under different emission reduction strength considering combined industrial process CO2 emission reduction approaches from both the production side and the consumption side. The results show that between 2020 and 2050, China’s lime industrial process has an increasingly significant CO2 emission reduction potential, enabling both emission intensity reductions and total emission reductions to be achieved simultaneously. Based on the simulation results from emission reduction scenarios, compared with 2012 level, in 2050, the emission intensity can be reduced by 13–27%, the total lime production can be reduced by 49–78%, and the CO2 emissions in the lime industrial process can be reduced by 57–85%.
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11

Huang, Zhi Jia, Xiao Ding, Hao Sun, and Si Yue Liu. "Analysis of Influencing Factors of CO2 Emissions from Integrated Steelworks Based on LCA." Materials Science Forum 650 (May 2010): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.650.9.

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The amount of CO2 emissions from steelworks accounts for a great share of the total CO2 emissions from industry in China. Thus, reducing CO2 emissions from steelworks is urgent for China’s environmental protection and sustainable development. This study aims at identifying factors that influence CO2 emissions from steelworks and proposing measures to reduce CO2 emissions. The life cycle inventory (LCI) of iron and steel products implies the relationship between the CO2 emissions of the steelworks and the input variables of the LCI. The Tornado Chart Tool is utilized to calculate the variation of CO2 emissions caused by the change of each input variables of LCI. Then, mean sensitivity of each input variable is calculated and the ranking criterion developed is used to identify the main factors influencing the integrated steelworks. Subsequently, measures for reducing CO2 emissions are proposed. The results indicate that the very important influencing factors of CO2 emissions in steelworks are the CO2 emission factor of Blast Furnace Gas (BFG), liquid steel unit consumption of continuous casting, continuous casting slab unit consumption of hot rolling and hot metal ratio of steelmaking. Consequently, many efficient measures for reducing CO2 emissions have been proposed, such as removing CO2 contained in BFG, decreasing the hot metal ratio of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF), recycling BFG, optimizing the products’ structure, etc.
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12

Pålsson, Henrik, and Gyöngyi Kovács. "Reducing transportation emissions." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 44, no. 4 (May 6, 2014): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-09-2012-0293.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate why companies reduce transportation emissions by examining the relative importance of external drivers vs internal motives for companies in considering CO2 emissions in freight transportation. Design/methodology/approach – A framework is suggested that captures internal, competitiveness-driven motives and external, stakeholder-driven drivers for companies seeking to reduce CO2 in freight transportation. These factors are tested in a large industry survey in Sweden. The survey resulted in 172 responses from corporate heads of logistics, a response rate of 40.3 per cent. Findings – Variations in responding to stakeholder pressure vs company strategy for reducing transportation emissions are identified. Company strategy outweighs stakeholder pressure in determining whether a company intends to green its transportation. The strategy leads to company-internal motives for reducing transportation emissions which differ from company to company. These differences, in turn, lead to different levels of intended reductions. Stakeholder pressure sets the minimal levels that elevate the performance of a group of companies in an industry or a country, but the differentiation effect across companies is lost. The intention to reduce emissions is greatest if a company has both economic and image motives. The logistics resource configuration does not seem to impact drivers and motives. Research limitations/implications – The research is based on companies in Sweden. Studies across several countries are needed to investigate the impact of national requirements. Originality/value – The paper shows that the combination of the resource-based view and stakeholder theory presents a better explanation as to why companies reduce transportation emissions than either of them do separately. By combining the two theories this research differentiates between how stakeholder pressure and company strategy influence intents to green transportation.
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13

Demmel, S., and G. Alefeld. "Reducing CO2 emissions with heat pump systems." Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 14, no. 3 (May 1994): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(94)90022-1.

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14

Rightor, Edward G. "Using by-product CO2 while reducing emissions." Energy Procedia 4 (2011): 2356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.127.

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15

Zielinski, Sarah. "IPCC assesses options for reducing CO2 emissions." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 88, no. 19 (May 8, 2007): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007eo190002.

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16

Drummond, Paul, and Paul Ekins. "Reducing CO2 emissions from residential energy use." Building Research & Information 44, no. 5-6 (May 11, 2016): 585–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1180075.

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17

Mongia, Nandita, Ramesh Bhatia, Jayant Sathaye, and Puran Mongia. "Cost of reducing CO2 emissions from India." Energy Policy 19, no. 10 (December 1991): 978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(91)90118-8.

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18

Jochem, Eberhard. "Reducing CO2 emissions — the West German plan." Energy Policy 19, no. 2 (March 1991): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(91)90127-a.

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19

Ingham, Alan, and Alistair Ulph. "Market-based instruments for reducing CO2 emissions." Energy Policy 19, no. 2 (March 1991): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(91)90129-c.

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20

McGee, Julius Alexander, and Patrick Trent Greiner. "Can Reducing Income Inequality Decouple Economic Growth from CO2 Emissions?" Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 4 (January 1, 2018): 237802311877271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023118772716.

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In the past two decades, income inequality has steadily increased in most developed nations. During this same period, the growth rate of CO2 emissions has declined in many developed nations, cumulating to a recent period of decoupling between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The aim of the present study is to advance research on socioeconomic drivers of CO2 emissions by assessing how the distribution of income affects the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The authors find that from 1985 to 2011, rising income inequality leads to a tighter coupling between economic growth and CO2 emissions in developed nations. Additionally, the authors find that increases in the top 20 percent of income earners’ share of national income have resulted in a larger association between economic growth and CO2 emissions, while increases in the bottom 20 percent of income earners’ share of national income reduced the association between economic growth and CO2 emissions.
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21

Chontanawat, Jaruwan, Paitoon Wiboonchutikula, and Atinat Buddhivanich. "Decomposition Analysis of the Carbon Emissions of the Manufacturing and Industrial Sector in Thailand." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040798.

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Since the 1990s, CO2 emissions have increased steadily in line with the growth of production and the use of energy in the manufacturing sector in Thailand. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Method is used for analysing the sources of changes in CO2 emissions as well as the CO2 emission intensity of the sector in 2000–2018. On average throughout the period, both the amount of CO2 emissions and the CO2 emission intensity increased each year relative to the baseline. The structural change effect (effect of changes of manufacturing production composition) reduced, but the intensity effect (effect of changes of CO2 emissions of individual industries) increased the amount of CO2 emissions and the CO2 emission intensity. The unfavourable CO2 emission intensity change came from the increased energy intensity of individual industries. The increased use of coal and electricity raised the CO2 emissions, whereas the insignificant change in emission factors showed little impact. Therefore, the study calls for policies that decrease the energy intensity of each industry by limiting the use of coal and reducing the electricity used by the manufacturing sector so that Thailand can make a positive contribution to the international community’s effort to achieve the goal of CO2 emissions reduction.
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22

Tang, Haoyue, Ping Jiang, Jia He, and Weichun Ma. "Synergies of Cutting Air Pollutants and CO2 Emissions by the End-of-Pipe Treatment Facilities in a Typical Chinese Integrated Steel Plant." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 5157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125157.

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Reducing industrial emissions has become increasingly important, given China’s ongoing industrialization. In this study, the reduction in CO2 emissions and air pollutants due to end-of-pipe treatment in a typical integrated steel plant in China was assessed. The emissions were subdivided into sector levels, including main production and auxiliary departments. The synergies of reducing air pollutants and CO2 emissions using end-of-pipe treatment technologies were quantified, including direct and indirect effects. The results show that (1) using the carbon balance method is more suitable for the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the steel plants in China at the enterprise and sector levels. The carbon-related parameters adopted in the carbon balance method strongly impact the accuracy of the emission calculation. (2) Compared with the direct synergistic CO2 emissions caused by chemical reactions, the indirect emissions due to the power consumption of the end-of-pipe facilities is more significant. (3) To achieve the control of local air pollutants and CO2 emissions, the negative effects of CO2 emissions caused by the end-of-pipe treatment technologies should be considered.
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23

Zhang, Liufeng, Yinghua Yang, and Jiongfeng Liang. "Cost and CO2 Emission Reduction Effects of a Partially Encased Composite Precast Concrete Beam." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7062819.

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In order to study the performance of partially precast partially encased assembled composite beam (PPECB) in reducing costs and reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, this paper obtained the bearing capacity of PPECBs by a static test. Considering the load conditions and beam height conditions as constraints, the steel-concrete composite beam (SCCB) and reinforced concrete beam (RCB) were optimized and designed based on the principle of fully utilizing the advantages of steel and concrete. On the basis of investigating the quantity of different materials, the cost and CO2 emissions of the three different types of beams were analyzed. The cost and CO2 emission of the PPECB are the lowest, and SCCBs have the highest cost and CO2 emissions. This paper can provide reference for design choice and further research from the perspective of cost and CO2 emission and lay a solid foundation for the realization of economic and environment-friendly buildings.
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24

Du Plooy, Johann, and Rudie Nel. "A Study Of A Feebate Policy Aimed At Vehicle Manufacturers To Reduce CO2 Emissions." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 9 (August 17, 2012): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i9.7186.

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As part of environmental fiscal reform, the South African government introduced a vehicle emission tax during 2010. However, the design of this tax focuses on consumers and might not be as effective in reducing CO2 emissions. A feebate policy is considered as a possible alternative to reduce CO2 emissions. A literature review was performed on the topic of feebate policies that could encourage vehicle manufacturers to invest in energy-efficient technology aimed at reducing CO2 emissions. Based on the literature review a questionnaire was developed and distributed to nine vehicle manufacturers in South Africa. The study specifically focused on vehicle manufacturers as they have the opportunity to design, develop and introduce energy-efficient technology that could reduce CO2 emissions. Results suggest that a feebate policy (that leads to cost savings) is an alternative that could be considered to encourage vehicle manufacturers to invest in energy-efficient technology in order to reduce CO2 emissions.
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25

Sadorsky, Perry. "Energy Related CO2 Emissions before and after the Financial Crisis." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093867.

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The 2008–2009 financial crisis, often referred to as the Great Recession, presented one of the greatest challenges to economies since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Before the financial crisis, and in response to the Kyoto Protocol, many countries were making great strides in increasing energy efficiency, reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission intensity and reducing their emissions of CO2. During the financial crisis, CO2 emissions declined in response to a decrease in economic activity. The focus of this research is to study how energy related CO2 emissions and their driving factors after the financial crisis compare to the period before the financial crisis. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method is used to decompose changes in country level CO2 emissions into contributing factors representing carbon intensity, energy intensity, economic activity, and population. The analysis is conducted for a group of 19 major countries (G19) which form the core of the G20. For the G19, as a group, the increase in CO2 emissions post-financial crisis was less than the increase in CO2 emissions pre-financial crisis. China is the only BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) country to record changes in CO2 emissions, carbon intensity and energy intensity in the post-financial crisis period that were lower than their respective values in the pre-financial crisis period. Compared to the pre-financial crisis period, Germany, France, and Italy also recorded lower CO2 emissions, carbon intensity and energy intensity in the post-financial crisis period. Germany and Great Britain are the only two countries to record negative changes in CO2 emissions over both periods. Continued improvements in reducing CO2 emissions, carbon intensity and energy intensity are hard to come by, as only four out of nineteen countries were able to achieve this. Most countries are experiencing weak decoupling between CO2 emissions and GDP. Germany and France are the two countries that stand out as leaders among the G19.
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26

Busu, Mihail, and Alexandra Catalina Nedelcu. "Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010130.

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In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renewable energy consumption have positive and direct impacts on reducing CO2 emissions. Moreover, population growth and urbanization level are negatively correlated with CO2 emission levels. The authors’ findings suggest that the public policies at the national level must encourage the consumption of renewable energy and biofuels in the EU, while population and urbanization level should come along with more restrictions on CO2 emissions.
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Busu, Mihail, and Alexandra Catalina Nedelcu. "Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010130.

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In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renewable energy consumption have positive and direct impacts on reducing CO2 emissions. Moreover, population growth and urbanization level are negatively correlated with CO2 emission levels. The authors’ findings suggest that the public policies at the national level must encourage the consumption of renewable energy and biofuels in the EU, while population and urbanization level should come along with more restrictions on CO2 emissions.
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28

Agung Wibowo, Mochamad, Subrata Aditama K. A. Uda, and Zhabrinna. "Reducing carbon emission in construction base on project life cycle (PLC)." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819506002.

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The construction sector accounts for nearly 40% of global energy annually where 1/3 of it will produce emissions of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere [1]. Carbon Emissions (CO2) are a major cause of the greenhouse effect, for example, that which is produced from the combustion process of fossil fuels. Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere will lead to rising temperatures trapped in the atmosphere causing global warming. There is a lot of literature on carbon emission (discussions) using multiple analytical approaches, but some are reviewing the Project Life Cycle (PLC) approach. This paper will discuss carbon emission mitigation during the life cycle of a construction project (Project Life Cycle (PLC)). Reduction of carbon emissions can be done during the initiation, design and construction phase of the Project Life Cycle (PLC). This literature study will produce a strategy that can have a significant impact on reducing the amount of carbon occurring in any construction project activity.
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29

Okken, P. A., P. Lako, D. Gerbers, T. Kram, and J. R. Ybema. "CO2 removal in competition with other options for reducing CO2 emissions." Energy Conversion and Management 33, no. 5-8 (May 1992): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(92)90079-c.

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30

Ogland-Hand, Jonathan D., Jeffrey M. Bielicki, and Thomas A. Buscheck. "The Value of CO2-Bulk Energy Storage to Reducing CO2 Emissions." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 6886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1830.

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31

Siegert, Raimund, Frank Küster, Manfred Nebel, Alexander Wäschle, and Corinna Diecke. "Reducing CO2 Emissions Innovation Through Intelligent Energy Management." ATZextra worldwide 14, no. 1 (January 2009): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40111-009-0153-7.

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32

Mikulčić, Hrvoje, Milan Vujanović, and Neven Duić. "Reducing the CO2 emissions in Croatian cement industry." Applied Energy 101 (January 2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.083.

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33

Pérez de Arce, Miguel, Enzo Sauma, and Javier Contreras. "Renewable energy policy performance in reducing CO2 emissions." Energy Economics 54 (February 2016): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2015.11.024.

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34

Nel, Rudie, and Johann Du Plooy. "The Role Of Tax Incentives In Reducing CO2 Emissions Evidence From Vehicle Manufacturers." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2013): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i5.7830.

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The objective of the study was to consider the role of tax incentives (deductions and allowances in terms of the South African Income Tax Act) in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions in the automotive industry. The objective was achieved in the light of qualitative empirical evidence obtained from South African vehicle manufacturers. A questionnaire was circulated to nine South African vehicle manufacturers and the responses were interpreted to establish whether current tax incentives provide an incentive to reduce CO2 emissions. Findings highlighted the importance of tax incentives in reducing CO2 emissions and suggest that vehicle manufacturers regard tax incentive-driven policies as the most effective tool in reducing CO2 emissions. However, since it is difficult to qualify for current tax incentives, this approach might not provide the necessary incentive to reduce CO2 emissions. It is recommended that tax incentive policies either be simplified or alternative initiatives be introduced to encourage investments in the reduction of CO2 emissions.
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35

Meireles, Mónica, Margarita Robaina, and Daniel Magueta. "The Effectiveness of Environmental Taxes in Reducing CO2 Emissions in Passenger Vehicles: The Case of Mediterranean Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105442.

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The transport sector is the biggest source of CO2 emissions in Europe. It is responsible for over a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions. Passenger vehicles, alone, account for nearly 41% of these emissions, resulting in human health impacts. To meet the Paris climate commitments, cars and vans should be decarbonized until 2050. Such a transformation requires general changes, such as how the vehicles are owned, taxed, and driven. The European Federation for Transport and Environment revealed that Mediterranean countries tend to emit less per vehicle compared to the northern and central Europeans. Intriguingly, this does not necessarily correspond to motorization rates. In this article, we assess whether the observed reductions in CO2 emissions in the Mediterranean countries can be attributed to vehicle taxation on CO2 emissions. We apply panel data econometric techniques using data on annual registrations from 2008 to 2018 and model the demand for new-vehicle purchases and their responsiveness to changes in both CO2-based taxation and circulation tax. Our results show the determinants of new-vehicle demand and the change in the emissions rate in each country under the taxation currently adopted. We found that fiscal policies can have an important role in reducing the emission in the Mediterranean countries.
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Sheng, Yanwen, Yi Miao, Jinping Song, and Hongyan Shen. "The Moderating Effect of Innovation on the Relationship between Urbanization and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Three Major Urban Agglomerations in China." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061633.

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This study investigates the relationship between urbanization, innovation, and CO2 emissions, with particular attention paid to the issue of how innovation influences the effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in urban agglomerations, considering the spatial spillover effect between cities. Therefore, based on panel data on 48 cities in the three major urban agglomerations in China from 2001–2015, a spatial econometric model is used to estimate the effect of urbanization and innovation on CO2 emissions. The empirical results indicate that the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions follows a U-shaped curve in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), an N-shaped curve in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and an inverted N-shaped pattern in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Additionally, innovation shows a significantly positive effect on reducing CO2 emissions in the YRD, but does not exert a significantly direct effect on CO2 emissions in the BTH and the PRD. More importantly, innovation played an important moderating role between urbanization and CO2 emissions in the YRD and PRD, suggesting that reducing the positive impacts of urbanization on CO2 emissions depends on innovative development. In addition, urban CO2 emissions presented a clearly negative spatial spillover effect among the cities in the three urban agglomerations. These findings and the following policy implications will contribute to reducing CO2 emissions.
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Begum, Rawshan Ara, Asif Raihan, and Mohd Nizam Mohd Said. "Dynamic Impacts of Economic Growth and Forested Area on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Malaysia." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 9375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229375.

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This study measures the relationship and dynamic impacts of economic growth and forested area on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Malaysia. Time series data over the period of 1990 to 2016 were used by employing the dynamic ordinary least squared (DOLS) approach. The results of DOLS estimation indicate that the coefficient of economic growth is positive and significant with CO2 emissions, meaning that RM1 million increase in gross domestic product (GDP) is associated with an increase in CO2 emissions of 0.931 kilo tons. Instead, the long-run coefficient of forested area found negative and significant, which implies that declining one hectare of forested area (i.e., deforestation) has an impact of three kilo tons of CO2 emissions rise in Malaysia. Our study findings indicate that economic growth and deforested area have an adverse effect on Malaysia’s carbon emissions where GDP growth fosters carbon emissions at a faster rate. Thus, the effective implementation of policy measures and economic instruments including afforestation and reforestation, forest conservation, sustainable forest management, REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus) mechanism and other emission reduction mechanisms inter alia could be useful for reducing carbon emissions while decreasing deforestation and maintaining the long-term economic growth in Malaysia.
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Danloup, Nicolas, Vahid Mirzabeiki, Hamid Allaoui, Gilles Goncalves, Denyse Julien, and Carlos Mena. "Reducing transportation greenhouse gas emissions with collaborative distribution." Management Research Review 38, no. 10 (October 19, 2015): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-11-2014-0262.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the potential for improving sustainability performance in food supply networks by implementing collaborative distribution. Food supply chains generate a significant portion of CO2 emissions, because of the large volume of food transportation and the large number and frequency of trips made to deliver food products to retail stores, making it available to the customers. Collaboration of partners in food supply chains will lead to reducing CO2 emissions. Design/methodology/approach – Such collaboration could be in the form of sharing trucks by retailers, to increase the fill rate of the vehicles and to reduce their empty running. A case study of the logistics network of a British company, distributing fruits and vegetables, is carried out. The company sends the products from a distribution centre to 27 retailers’ warehouses of 3 different companies in the UK. A simulation study is carried out to measure the reduced traveled distance for delivery of the products and the reduced amount of CO2 emissions across two different scenarios, as a result of implementing collaborative distribution. Findings – With this approach, the total CO2 emissions are able to be reduced by at least 26 per cent. Originality/value – The theoretical contribution of the paper is important both for showing the role of simulation and collaborative distribution for developing the green supply chain solutions management and their indicating to the applications to logistics and product delivery.
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Gielen, Dolf, John Newman, and Martin K. Patel. "Reducing Industrial Energy Use and CO2 Emissions: The Role of Materials Science." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 4 (April 2008): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.92.

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AbstractNearly one-third of the world's energy consumption and 36% of its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are attributable to manufacturing industries. However, the adoption of advanced technologies already in commercial use could provide technical energy savings in industry of 27–41 exajoules (EJ), along with a reduction in CO2 emissions of 2.2–3.2 gigatonnes (Gt) per year, about 7–12% of today's global CO2 emissions. Even more significant savings can be attained on the supply side if fuel switching and CO2 capture and storage are considered. However, such changes must start in the coming decade to have a substantial impact by 2050.
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Mao, Feng, Zhiheng Li, and Kai Zhang. "A Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions between Battery Electric Buses and Conventional Diesel Buses." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 5170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095170.

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To prove the important role of battery electric buses (BEBs) in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, we propose a framework to compare CO2 emissions between BEBs and conventional diesel buses (CDBs) based on low sampling frequency BEBs data at the city scale in Shenzhen. We applied the VT-Micro model to improve the estimation of CDBs’ CO2 emissions. A modal-activity-based method was implemented to reconstruct the second-by-second trajectories from the dataset as the input of the VT-Micro model. We updated the data of the Guangdong power generation mix to improve the estimation of BEBs’ CO2 emissions. The experiments showed that BEBs could reduce CO2 emissions by 18.0–23.9% in comparison with CDBs when the frequency of air-conditioning usage was low. In addition, BEBs tended to achieve more CO2 emission reduction benefits when the transit buses traveled at a low speed. Improving the traffic efficiency of road networks and promoting inter-provincial electricity trading are important to promote the adoption of BEBs.
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Milewski, Jarosław, Wojciech Bujalski, Marcin Wołowicz, Kamil Futyma, Jan Kucowski, and Rafał Bernat. "Experimental Investigation of CO2 Separation from Hard Coal Flue Gases by 100 cm2 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell." Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (February 2013): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.97.

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The paper presents an experimental investigation of using a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) for reducing CO2 emission from the flue gas of a hard coal fired boiler. The MCFC is placed in the flue gas stream and separates CO2 from the cathode side to the anode side. As a result, a mixture of CO2 and H2O is obtained; from which pure CO2 can be obtained by water condensation. The main advantages of this solution are: additional electricity generated, reduced CO2 emissions and higher system efficiency. The results obtained show that the use of an MCFC could reduce CO2 emissions by 90% with over 35% efficiency in additional power generation.
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42

Liu, Jian, Qingshan Yang, Yu Zhang, Wen Sun, and Yiming Xu. "Analysis of CO2 Emissions in China’s Manufacturing Industry Based on Extended Logarithmic Mean Division Index Decomposition." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010226.

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China is the world’s largest emitter of CO2. As the largest sector of China’s fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions, manufacturing plays an important role in achieving emission reduction targets in China. Using the extended logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) decomposition model, this paper decomposed the factors that affect the CO2 emissions of China’s manufacturing industry into eight effects. The results show the following: (1) China’s manufacturing CO2 emissions increased from 1.91 billion tons in 1995 to 6.25 billion tons in 2015, with an average annual growth rate of 6%. Ferrous metal smelting and rolling were the largest sources of carbon dioxide emissions, followed by chemical raw materials and products and then non-metallic minerals. (2) During the research period, the industrial activity effects were the most important factor leading to increased CO2 emissions in manufacturing and energy intensity was the most important factor in promoting the reduction of CO2 emissions from manufacturing. The investment intensity was the second most influential factor leading to the increase in China’s manufacturing CO2 emissions after the industrial scale and this even exceeded the industrial activity effect in some time periods (2000–2005). R&D efficiency and R&D intensity were shown to have significant roles in reducing CO2 emissions in China’s manufacturing industry. The input of R&D innovation factors is an effective way to achieve emission reductions in China’s manufacturing industry. (3) There were differences in the driving factors of CO2 emissions in the manufacturing industry in different periods that were closely related to the international and domestic economic development environment and the relevant policies of the Chinese government regarding energy conservation and emission reduction. (4) Sub-sector research found that the factors that affect the reduction of CO2 emissions in various industries appear to be differentiated. This paper has important policy significance to allow the Chinese government to implement effective energy-saving and emission reduction measures and to reduce CO2 emissions from the manufacturing industry.
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Kong, Wei Zheng, Bi Bin Huang, Qiong Hui Li, and Xiao Lu Wang. "Study on Development Path of Electric Vehicle in China from a View of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.355.

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In this paper, the change of fossil energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) and pollutant emissions are calculated when petroleum based vehicles (PBVs) are taken place by EVs based upon the full-cycle energy efficiency theory with the energy efficiency measured from well to wheel.. Calculation results show that the fossil energy consumption, CO2, monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions can be reduced with the substitution of EVs for vehicles that burn gasoline (GVs), but nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions increase. When vehicles that burn diesel (DVs) are replaced by EVs, the emissions of pollutants except SO2 will be reduced, but the emissions of CO2 and SO2 will increase. Considering the proportion of coal-fired power generation to the total power generation in China, the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction cannot be perfectly achieved by the substitution of PBVs by EVs. Therefore, the proportion of clean energy generation should be increased in China and technological updating of coal-fired power plants for reducing CO2 and pollutant emissions are necessary as well. Besides, GVs, other than DVs, should be replaced by EVs from the perspective of energy conservation and CO2 emission.
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44

Lim, Jeeyoung, and Joseph J. Kim. "Dynamic Optimization Model for Estimating In-Situ Production Quantity of PC Members to Minimize Environmental Loads." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 8202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198202.

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CO2 emissions account for 80% of greenhouse gases, which lead to the largest contributions to climate change. As the problem of CO2 emission becomes more and more prominent, research on sustainable technologies to reduce CO2 emission among environmental loads is continuously being conducted. In-situ production of precast concrete members has advantages over in-plant production in reducing costs, securing equal or enhanced quality under equal conditions, and reducing CO2 emission. When applying in-situ production to real projects, it is vital to calculate the optimal quantity. This paper presents a dynamic optimization model for estimating in-situ production quantity of precast concrete members subjected to environmental loads. After defining various factors and deriving the objective function, an optimization model is developed using system dynamics. As a result of optimizing the quantity by applying it to the case project, it was confirmed that the optimal case can save 7557 t-CO2 in CO2 emissions and 6,966,000 USD in cost, which resulted in 14.58% and 10.53% for environmental loads and cost, respectively. The model developed here can be used to calculate the quantity of in-situ production quickly and easily in consideration of dynamically changing field conditions.
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45

De Carvalho, C. A. R., and W. Q. Lamas. "THE USE OF HYBRID VEHICLES AS A PROPOSAL FOR REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v8i1.61874.

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The problems related to energy consumption and pollutant emissions for thetransport sector represent a major global concern regarding climate changes caused by greenhouse gases, directly related to the increased level of gas emissions from fossil fuels , the main one being carbon dioxide. One way tominimize this problem is through the introduction of new technologies. Hybrid cars are one of the new technology options that has the main advantage of reducing fuel consumption and therefore reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This paper gives an introduction to hybrid vehicles, with the aim of presenting their main advantages and evaluate their impact on emissions of CO2 in the Brazilian fleet, compared to conventional vehicles.
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Setiawan, Imam Eko, Zhengyang Zhang, Glen Corder, and Kazuyo Matsubae. "Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Land Reclamation in the Indonesian Coal Mining Industry." Resources 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10060060.

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While the successful reclamation of coal post-mining land sites in Indonesia has been evaluated, no cost-benefit analysis has been carried out on the reclamation of mined land, and the impact of the reclamation work has not been determined. The results of this case study indicate that reclamation work is not an emission-free process, but that the benefits delivered from this work are considerable. It was found that the emissions involved at the coal mined reclamation in Indonesia were 25.4–26.6 t-CO2/ha, with topsoil management and land preparation contributing over 98% of the total emissions (9.5 t-CO2/ha and 16 t-CO2/ha, respectively). The ability of the trees on the reclaimed land to absorb CO2 emissions was calculated to be 26.4 t-CO2/ha, with the amount of oxygen produced calculated to be as much as 143 t-O2/ha of oxygen. The economic value of the ecosystem services delivered by reclamation was over USD 27,750/ha. This is higher than the USD 8642–9417/ha cost of establishing the reclamation work. Improvements to reclamation work could be designed mining and reclamation plans with attention paid to reducing fuel consumption, and therefore, reducing CO2 emissions. Furthermore, law enforcement and transparency, human resource development, and community participation are strongly required.
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Huo, Chuan Lin, Cheng Huo, and Dao Ming Guan. "The Analysis of the Necessity and Feasibility of Carbon Dioxide Storage in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2223.

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a significant strategic climate protection technology, and has become the most possibility and practical significance approach of emission reduction. CCS technology is the means to reduce the amount of CO2 into the atmosphere in the case of no reducing the amount of fossil fuels. China's CO2 emissions are the second in the world and it is difficult to change the current energy consumption in a short time. CO2 emissions will continue to increase with the rapid development of China's economy which will bring the huge CO2 emission reduction pressure. In this paper the CCS technology is introduced and the necessity and feasibility of CCS in China are analysed.
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Duan, Zhiyuan, Xian’en Wang, Xize Dong, Haiyan Duan, and Junnian Song. "Peaking Industrial Energy-Related CO2 Emissions in Typical Transformation Region: Paths and Mechanism." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030791.

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Reducing CO2 emissions of industrial energy consumption plays a significant role in achieving the goal of CO2 emissions peak and decreasing total CO2 emissions in northeast China. This study proposed an extended STIRPAT model to predict CO2 emissions peak of industrial energy consumption in Jilin Province under the four scenarios (baseline scenario (BAU), energy-saving scenario (ESS), energy-saving and low-carbon scenario (ELS), and low-carbon scenario (LCS)). We analyze the influences of various factors on the peak time and values of CO2 emissions and explore the reduction path and mechanism to achieve CO2 emissions peak in industrial energy consumption. The results show that the peak time of the four scenarios is respectively 2026, 2030, 2035 and 2043, and the peak values are separately 147.87 million tons, 16.94 million tons, 190.89 million tons and 22.973 million tons. Due to conforming to the general disciplines of industrial development, the result in ELS is selected as the optimal scenario. The impact degrees of various factors on the peak value are listed as industrial CO2 emissions efficiency of energy consumption > industrialized rate > GDP > urbanization rate > industrial energy intensity > the share of renewable energy consumption. But not all factors affect the peak time. Only two factors including industrial clean-coal and low-carbon technology and industrialized rate do effect on the peak time. Clean coal technology, low carbon technology and industrial restructuring have become inevitable choices to peak ahead of time. However, developing clean coal and low-carbon technologies, adjusting the industrial structure, promoting the upgrading of the industrial structure and reducing the growth rate of industrialization can effectively reduce the peak value. Then, the pathway and mechanism to reducing industrial carbon emissions were proposed under different scenarios. The approach and the pathway and mechanism are expected to offer better decision support to targeted carbon emission peak in northeast of China.
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Dalala, Zakariya M., Mohammad Alnawafa, Osama Saadeh, and Emad Alnawafa. "Reducing Commuter CO2 Footprint through Transit PV Electrification." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 9, 2020): 6406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166406.

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The transport sector is a major consumer of energy, and thus a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The introduction of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has helped in mitigating some of the energy demands presented by the transportation system, though the electrical energy still needs to be secured through conventional and renewable resources. Searching for a new power source for vehicles has become necessary, due to incentives and policy initiatives to counter fossil greenhouse gas emissions. This study provides a new efficient Photovoltaic (PV) powered transportation system, which may be utilized instead of traditional public transportation systems. The main idea is to transform the transportation systems used by large campuses into green systems by deploying educated scheduling approaches and utilizing existing renewable energy infrastructures. The German Jordan University (GJU) campus was chosen as a case study. The presented work describes a comprehensive methodology to exploit the full capacity of the existing PV power plant coupled with the rescheduling of the transportation fleet to meet the energy availability and consumption demand. The proposed technique audits the existing renewable energy power plants for optimum operation. The results validate the efficiency of the proposed system and its ability to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions compared to traditional transportation systems with an acceptable payback period.
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Merkisz-Guranowska, Agnieszka, and Paweł Daszkiewicz. "POSSIBILITY OF REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS FOR EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES." Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport 21, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1133215.

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