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Carruth, Mark Alexander. "Reducing CO2 emissions through lightweight design and manufacturing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607775.
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Lodi, Chiara, Antti Seitsonen, Elena Paffumi, Gennaro Michele De, Thomas Huld, and Stefano Malfettani. "Reducing CO2 emissions of conventional fuel cars by vehicle photovoltaic roofs." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73237.
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The European Union has adopted a range of policies aiming at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, including setting binding targets for tailpipe CO2 emissions for new light-duty fleets. The legislative framework for implementing such targets allows taking into account the CO2 savings from innovative technologies that cannot be adequately quantified by the standard test cycle CO2 measurement. This paper presents a methodology to define the average productivity of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic roofs and to quantify the resulting CO2 benefits for conventional combustion engine-powered passenger cars in the European Union. The method relies on the analysis of a large dataset of vehicles activity data, i.e. urban driving patterns acquired with GPS systems, combined with an assessment of the shading effect from physical obstacles and indoor parking. The results show that on average the vehicle photovoltaic roof receives 58% of the available solar radiation in real-world conditions, making it possible to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars in a range from 1% to 3%, assuming a storage capacity of 20% of the 12 V battery dedicated to solar energy. This methodology can be applied to other vehicles types, such as light and heavy-duty, as well as to different powertrain configurations, such as hybrid and full electric.
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Bayley-Craig, Lisa. "To What Extent Has Progress Been Made by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) In Reducing CO2 Emissions from Global Shipping?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40453.
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90% of global trade is transported by cargo ships, with fossil fuel being the dominant energy source used. As global trade increases, shipping will be in greater demand resulting in increased emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants negatively impacting the environment and human health. Carbon dioxide (CO2), our area of interest, is the number one contributing gas to global warming. We, therefore, examine the role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in reducing CO2 emissions from shipping, and determine the progress made so far.
Our research reveals that progress in this area is on a slow trajectory. The current IMO regulations focus solely on energy efficiency measures that do not appear to be as successful as envisioned in reducing CO2 emissions. In addition, the concept of decarbonization of the sector, which would lead to zero emissions, is delayed. With this in mind, we provide recommendations regarding future IMO actions.
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Oguntona, Oluwaferanmi [Verfasser], Mirko [Akademischer Betreuer] Hornung, Mirko [Gutachter] Hornung, and Stefan [Gutachter] Pickl. "Aircraft Fleet Renewal: Assessing Measures for Reducing CO2 Emissions / Oluwaferanmi Oguntona ; Gutachter: Mirko Hornung, Stefan Pickl ; Betreuer: Mirko Hornung." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214808212/34.
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Blomkvist, Sebastian. "Competition or Cooperation? : Using push notifications to increase user engagement in a gamified smartphone application for reducing personal CO2-emissions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279464.
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A helpful tool in forming, breaking, and maintaining habits and behaviors is a digital behavior change intervention (DBCI). These are interventions that leverage digital technologies to help their users to either take on or avoid certain behaviors. A common problem is a lack of user engagement with the interventions’ content, which is key for its effectiveness. It has however been shown that gamified content and using prompts—such as push notifications—may have the effect of increasing user engagement, for both DBCIs and other applications. Furthermore, two commonly occurring game concepts are competition and cooperation, each with different influences on engagement which in turn may vary depending on the context and the user. Therefore, this thesis set out to examine how push notifications can be used to increase user engagement with a gamified DBCI by making its gamified elements more salient. Additionally, it will investigate if there is any difference in influence on engagement of notifications that either promote competition or cooperation. This was evaluated by deploying two different push notification strategies on Deedster—a gamified mobile DBCI with the aim to get its users to reduce their personal CO2-emissions—and tracking user behavior. The results of the evaluation showed that users who received push notifications were more engaged—started more sessions and spent more time—with the application than users who did not receive any. They also performed a significantly higher amount of target behaviors. There was no difference in the influence on performed target behaviors between the notifications promoting competition or cooperation, and only one significant difference—usage of intervention features—regarding user engagement. The gender of the user was also found to be a considerable factor in the influence of the push notifications. Competition increased engagement more than cooperation for male users, but not for female users.Ett effektivt verktyg för att forma, bryta eller bibehålla vanor och beteenden är en så kallad digital beteendeförändrings-intervention (eng. digital behavior change intervention eller DBCI). Dessa interventioner använder digital teknik för att hjälpa deras användare att antingen påbörja eller undvika särskilda beteenden. Ett vanligt problem med dessa är att användarna ofta inte är särskilt engagerade i interventionernas innehåll eller funktioner, vilket är viktigt för deras effektivitet. Emellertid har det visats att spelifierat innehåll och användandet av notiser—såsom push-notiser—kan ha en ökande effekt på engagemanget. Två vanligt förekommande spelkoncept är tävling och samarbete, båda med sina olika effekter på engagemang vilket också skiftar beroende på kontexten och användaren. Därför ska detta examensarbete undersöka hur push-notiser kan användas för att öka användar-engagemanget i en spelifierad och mobil beteendeförändrings-intervention genom att göra dess spelifierade element mer framträdande. Dessutom kommer det även undersökas om det är någon skillnad i effekt mellan notiser som antingen främjar tävling eller samarbete. Detta var utvärderat genom att använda två olika push-notis-strategier på Deedster—en spelifierad, mobil intervention som syftar till att minska dess användares CO2-utsläpp—och sedan följa användarnas beteende. Resultaten visade att användare som fick push-notiser var mer engagerade—startade mer sessioner och spenderade mer tid—inom applikationen jämfört med användare som inte fick några notiser. De utförde också signifikant fler önskade beteenden. Det var ingen skillnad i effekt på antalet önskade beteende utförda mellan att främja tävling eller samarbete och endast några få skillnader i engagemang. Dock visade det sig att användarens kön var en betydande faktor i effekten av notiserna. Notiserna som främjade tävling var mer effektiva för manliga användare jämfört med de som främjade samarbete. Denna effekt syntes inte bland kvinnliga användare.
Designing digital technologies for supporting energy-related behavior change in the kitchen
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Hedbäck, Arvid. "The Potential of Electrification in reducing Emissions from Passenger Cars in Stockholm County by 2030 : A Modeling Study of the Potential of Plug-In Hybrids and All-Electric Cars in reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Air Pollution." Thesis, KTH, Transport och systemanalys, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298462.
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This study examines the potential of electrification in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution from passenger cars in a short- to mid-term time perspective. Using Stockholm County as a case study, this has been done in a three-step process by modeling the relative change in emissions between 2019 and 2030. Firstly, four scenarios have been created for 2030, each of which state the number of gasoline cars, diesel cars, PHEVs and EVs in use on a municipality-level. Secondly, for each scenario, the movement of traffic has been modeled on a car-by-car basis using the Scaper/MATSim transportation model at KTH. Thirdly, using emission factors from HBEFA, an emission model for 17 pollutants has been created for the modeling of hot emissions, cold start emissions, evaporation losses and non-exhaust emissions. Compared to 2019 emission levels, with EVs and PHEVs accounting for 64.5 % of the car fleet, the optimistic scenarios suggest that emissions of CO2, NMHC and NOx could decrease by up to 43.6, 63.5 and 84.7 %, respectively, by 2030. Besides electrification, for NMHC and NOx, these emission reductions are largely a result of technological improvements of combustion vehicles. Conversely, emissions of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) are projected to increase by up to 45.6 % in the optimistic scenarios. Roughly corresponding to the increase in the total driving distance, this increase can be attributed to the lower cost of driving of electric cars and the projected population increase of 15.5 %.
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Morales, Lagunes Itzel. "Climate change impacts and mitigation : reducing CO2 emissions from the freight transport sector : lessons for Mexico from the UK experience and future policy." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2902.
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The United Kingdom and Mexico have established goals to reduce CO2 emissions. With the publication of the Climate Change act in 2008 Britain acknowledges that is technologically ready to implement changes to bring important reductions of CO2 emissions. Mexico included Climate Change abatement in its 2007 development program. UK aims to achieve a reduction of 80% and Mexico a reduction of 50% in their CO2 emissions by the year 2050. To achieve these reductions both countries face the challenge of improving activities such as better use of fuels, for example natural gas for energy production or diesel used in road freight transport vehicles. Freight transport currently accounts 25% of global carbon emissions; with road freight as the fastest growing sector for both countries. The use of biofuels or clean energy powered vehicles is far from a 100% implementation in the fleet. Because of this improving the fuel efficiency in the current operation signifies an opportunity to reduce emissions. The United Kingdom is ahead in legislation through taxation, market incentives and research to encourage reductions from freight transport. Mexico is in its way to the creation of a Climate Change Law. This dissertation aims to determine which lessons Mexico can learn from the United Kingdom in its improvement of freight transport sector in two levels. The Macro level looks at legislation and private sector initiatives, and the Micro level simulating 11 scenarios using real data from operation of a food manufacturer provided by the StarFish Project. The scenarios simulate the implementation of a series of best practice recommendations to reduce emissions and improve operation. The results evidence that at a Macro level Mexico can implement legislation mechanisms to stimulate the reduction of CO2 emissions in the transport sector. At a Micro level the simulations show that even for developed countries like the United Kingdom there is a big potential to reduce carbon emissions from the freight transport sector. The outcome of the dissertation is that learn from experiences from other countries applies not only for Mexico and other developing countries but for every country aiming to improve the reduction of CO2 emissions.
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Ryvolová, Ivana. "Ekonomické aspekty větrné energetiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77083.
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The presented work examines the special characteristics of electricity produced by the wind as a renewable resource into which considerable hopes are being placed. Production of electricity from wind, as well as from other renewable sources, is a subject of many legislatively enshrined preferential rules. These subsidies and regulatory provisions help the energy producers but represent additional costs to every final customer and tax payer. The aim of this work is to analyse the key arguments of wind energy advocates, which are 1) economic advantage of this production due to zero costs for 'fuel' and 2) negligible burden on the environment due to zero carbon dioxide emissions. The work takes into account all aspects of wind energy production, including their financial and extra-financial implications, and shows their indefensibility in economic terms and in terms of environmental protection. Besides, I have attempted to identify institutional aspects and forms of government which is known to give interest groups a chance to succeed in their rent-seeking activities and as a result allow prosperity of the above-mentioned ineffective energy production. Attention is also paid to the observation that, given the specific technological features of electricity production from the wind, it is not possible to fully apply the conclusions of a traditional theory of economic regulation onto the current position of key players in the electricity market.
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Akchiche, Meziane. "Analyse exergétique et Optimisation dynamique des systèmes de production d’hydrocarbures dans la perspective de réduire les émissions de CO2." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3031.
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Ce projet de recherche s’inscrit dans une démarche d’amélioration de l’efficacité énergétique et de la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre des systèmes de production de pétrole et de gaz au sein du groupe Total.L’analyse exergétique a été développée et appliquée pour la première fois à la partie subsurface (réservoir-puits) et élargie pour l’ensemble du système de production de pétrole et de gaz, permettant de quantifier les différentes pertes et destructions d’exergie, l’exergie naturelle fournie par le réservoir et l’exergie générée artificiellement (activation), pour des exemples théoriques et réels. Nous avons aussi proposé une représentation avec des diagrammes de Grassmann adaptés pour afficher les résultats de l’analyse exergétique sur l’ensemble du système de production. Enfin, les résultats de l’analyse exergétique nous ont permis de proposer des solutions technologiques pour améliorer la productivité et réduire les émissions de CO2.Dans la deuxième partie de ce projet nous avons développé une nouvelle méthodologie pour l’optimisation dynamique des systèmes de production d’hydrocarbures dans l’environnement contraint des logiciels dédiés à la production pétrolière (en l’occurrence dans cette thèse la suite IPM (Integrated Production Modeling) développée par PETEX). L’objectif est de proposer une optimisation simultanée de la structure et des paramètres opératoires du système de production (écoulement naturel ou assisté? quel type d’activation: gas-lift, pompes? quel type de pompe?) tout le long de la vie du champ. Deux fonctions objectif sont proposées pour évaluer la performance des systèmes de production d’hydrocarbures pendant tous leurs cycles de vie : i) l’exergie nette cumulée (CNE) et ii) profit cumulé (CNP). Le problème énoncé est ensuite résolu à l'aide de la suite IPM de PETEX, couplée au calculateur thermodynamique Simulis® Thermodynamics (PROSIM) pour les calculs exergétiques. L’approche est une approche séquentielle et les pas horaires sont de l’ordre de l’année, chaque pas horaire étant simulé en quasi-statique. L'algorithme génétique inclus dans la suite IPM est utilisé pour résoudre le problème d’optimisation dynamique en variables mixtes moyennant quelques adaptations. Les résultats montrent qu’il est possible de trouver un compromis entre la rentabilité et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES)This research project is part of an initiative to improve the energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions of oil and gas production systems within the Total Group. Exergy analysis has been developed and applied for the first time to the subsurface part (reservoir-well) and extended to the entire oil and gas production system, making it possible to quantify the different losses and destruction of exergy, the natural exergy provided by the reservoir ,and the artificially generated exergy (artificial lift and boosting), for theoretical and real examples. We have also proposed a representation with adapted Grassmann diagrams to display the results of the exergy analysis on the whole production system. Finally, the results of the exergy analysis allowed us to propose technological solutions to improve hydrocarbon production and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.In the second part of this project we developed a new methodology for the dynamic optimization of hydrocarbon production systems in a constrained software environment dedicated to petroleum production (in this case the IPM (Integrated Production Modeling) solution developed by PETEX). The objective is to propose a simultaneous optimization of the structure and operating parameters of the production system (natural or artificial ? what type of artificial lift and/or boosting system : gas-lift, pumps? Which type of pumps?) throughout its life cycle. Two objective functions are proposed to evaluate the performance of hydrocarbon production systems: (i) cumulative net exergy (CNE) and (ii) cumulative net profit (CNP). The stated problem is then solved using PETEX's IPM suite, coupled with the Simulis® Thermodynamics Calculator (PROSIM) for exergy calculations. The approach is sequential and the time-steps are in the order of a year, each time-step being simulated in quasi-static. The genetic algorithm included in the IPM suite is used to solve the mixed variables dynamic optimization problem with some adaptations. The results show that it is possible to find a compromise between profitability and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
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Tang, Peng. "Reducing CO2 emission in a city through household behavior induction and housing arrangement." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136326.
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Rahman, Mohammad. "Reducing CO2 Emission for Inbound Logistics : Redesigning inbound logistical operations for environmental sustainability - A case study from Volvo Group." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50925.
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Nord, Iza. "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through the Use of Free Shops : A Case Study of Two Free Shops in Gothenburg." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33920.
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Products, throughout their life cycle from production to waste management, create emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). This leads to environmental impacts on the climate (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). The consumed products from households are increasing (World Wildlife Fund, 2008) and so is the waste generated from them (Avfall Sverige, n.d.). A more sustainable development generating from circular economy should be focused on to increases the reuse of products and by so reduce the amount of waste generated (Göteborgs Stad, n.d.a.) This study have examined if the use of Free Shops can help the city of Gothenburg to reach higher up the waste management hierarchy towards reuse and prevention, and if carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) can be avoided by using Free Shops. Two Free Shops with the purpose to increase reuse in Gothenburg have been studied and their effect on GHG emissions, presented as CO2e, have been analysed. A Life Cycle Inventory Study (LCI) has been conducted on all, but two, different materials entering the Free Shops for four weeks, including the production, waste management, transportation and storage. The result of the study shows that a mean of 10 ton CO2e per Free Shop per year can be avoided when reusing at a Free Shop instead of buying new products. This equals leaving a low energy lamp on for approximately 590 years (World Wildlife Fund, 2009) based on a low energy lamp using 0,007 kWh (Eon, 2007). To examine if the Free Shops can reduce the amount of waste disposed of by households in Gothenburg the material entering the Free Shops was weight and analysed to estimate how it corresponded to the amount of waste disposed of. The result shows that the material entering a Free Shop only corresponds to 0.0025 percent of the household waste disposed of in the city. This indicates that Free Shops by themselves will not solve the problem with increasing amounts of waste and emissions from increasing production. However, they can help in a small scale.20180625
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PamelaNhlengethwa and 巴美娜. "Reducing CO2 Emissions Using a Cruise Speed Advisory System for Autonomous Vehicles." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m29z5x.
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碩士國立成功大學
資訊工程學系
105
Research in autonomous vehicles has recently attracted strong interest from both industry and academia. While there have been significant advances in this area for external sensing, path planning, and vehicle control of autonomous vehicles, to the best of our knowledge few studies have addressed the driving efficiency of autonomous cars. On the other hand, an eco-driving advisory system (EDAS), which leverages the signal phase and timing (SPAT) information, can provide autonomous vehicles with eco-driving suggestions and minimize the stops for signals, resulting in a reduction in CO2 emissions and travel time. In this work, we proposed a novel speed advisory system named the enhanced maximized throughput model (EMTM) by addressing the shortcomings of the prior work such as MaxTM and MinADM. The simulation results show that the proposed EMTM model is up to 13.6% better than MaxTM and 26.3% better than MinADM with regard to CO2 emissions.
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Kou, Song-Her, and 郭松和. "A Study on Improving Energy Effectiveness and Reducing CO2 Emissions for an Industrial Furnace." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60832525884747261061.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
98
A Study on Improving Energy Effectiveness and Reducing CO2 Emissions for an Industrial Furnace Student : Song-Her Kou Advisors : Chih-Ju George Jou Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology ABSTRACT A heating furnace is used to burn liquid or gas for generating heat that is then transmitted to a heat-carrying flow being circulated in the furnace so that the heat generated can be used outside the furnace. The thermal efficiency of the furnace is maintained by adjusting the flue baffle for controlling the excess input air, and the pressure difference between the input air vent and the flue baffle is the key to the overall thermal efficiency of the furnace. In this research, the tail gas (FG) recovered from the heavy oil desulfurization process that contains 75-90 mol% of hydrogen was used to replace natural gas (NG) as the major fuel for a heating furnace, and replacing NG with FG will reduce the theoretical air requirement from 10.4 Nm3 to 6.5 Nm3. Lowering the input excess air causes the oxygen utilization rate, the mixing of thermal flows, and the maximum flame temperature in the reactive zone to decrease so that the time of heat transfer, the energy utilization rate, and the time for the fuel to release heat can be enhanced. The experimental results indicate that raising the reactive zone temperature by 38oC, the conductive zone temperature will be rised by 7oC and the formation of nitrogen oxide will be reduced by 20.3 ppmv (38.6% reduction). Raising the temperature of pre-heated input air will cause a high temperature for the burning air in the furnace and a low oxygen content in the hot air stream so that the up-flowing velocity of the hot air in the furnace becomes faster causing an even and rapid distribution of the heat energy in the radiation zone. This lead to shorter time for the fuel to reach the point of combustion and less loss of the heat energy from the hot air flow. The test results reveal that raising the temperature of the pre-heated air from 245oC to 265oC causes the reactive zone temperature to increase by 126oC and the conductive zone temperature to increase by 45oC. The formation of nitrogen oxides can be reduced by 23.6 ppmv or 36.3% reduction. Annual reduction of CO2 can be as much as 7.8 × 103 ton, and annual savings of natural gas can be 3.6 × 106 m3. On the other hand, reducing the vacuum of the furnace chamber will increase the residence time of the heat flow in the radiation zone to enable the fuel to combust at higher temperature so that less heat loss and thus energy consumption can be achieved. The test results show that reducing the chamber vacuum from -80 ~ -75 mmH2O to -55 ~ -50 mmH2O, annual savings of energy consumption can reach 3.5 x 106 m3 whereas the annual reduction of CO2 emission is 7.6 × 103 ton. Among the many alternatives methods implemented by industries to achieve effective energy management for reducing energy consumptions, improving the internal processes is the most direct and effective for reducing the fuel costs and greenhouse gas emission; the cost-effectiveness evaluation is based on the overall economic considerations.
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Garcez, Isabel do Nascimento Pinto Lapa. "Balanço da aplicação do plano nacional de ação para as alterações climáticas e a participação das autarquias." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8364.
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Trabalho de ProjetoO presente trabalho de projeto enquadra-se na temática das alterações climáticas, com as questões relacionadas com o aquecimento global do planeta e os reflexos nas alterações do clima. O estudo focaliza-se no instrumento de política pública de combate às alterações climáticas, o Programa Nacional para as Alterações Climáticas 2006, destacando os instrumentos económicos de mitigação das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa e a importância que o Pacto de Autarcas tem na redução das emissões de CO2. Neste trabalho são abordados os desenvolvimentos científicos e políticos em matéria de alterações climáticas, realçando os de carácter nacional e local e integrando-os com outras estratégias de gestão da qualidade do ar. É analisado, como caso de estudo, o Pacto de Autarcas, abrangendo diferentes escalas espaciais e sectores de atividade emissores de gases com efeito de estufa. Pretende-se com este caso avaliar os impactes das medidas e políticas nos sectores às quais se dirigem. No caso de estudo é avaliado o impacte de medidas mitigadoras das emissões de CO2, em cada sector de atividade e no sistema económico nacional. Os modelos e metodologias de análise desenvolvidas neste trabalho articulam a avaliação dos custos económicos e dos benefícios ambientais, com as políticas e estratégias de mitigação das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa adotadas.
Abstract: The present project focus on the subject of climate change, the issues related to global warming and climate changes impact. The study focuses on the public policy instrument to combat climate change, the National Plan on Climate Change in 2006, highlighting the economic instruments to mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases and the importance that the Covenant of Mayors has in reducing CO2 emissions. In this paper we deal with the political and scientific developments regarding climate change, highlighting the nature of national and local agencies by integrating them with other public strategies. The Covenant of Mayors is analysed as a case study, covering different spatial scales and sectors of activity emitting greenhouse gases. The intention of this case is to evaluate the impacts of policies and measures in the sectors to which they are addressed. In the case study, we evaluate the impact of mitigating CO2 emissions in each sector of activity and the national economic system. The models and methods of analysis developed in this paper articulate the assessment of economic costs and benefits of environmental policies and strategies to mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases.
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Wang, An-Ming, and 王安民. "Sustainable Urban Planning Strategies for Reducing CO2 Emission─A Case Study of Taipei." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13586027088856049396.
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碩士國立中興大學
都市計劃研究所
87
Under the influence of recent global climate change, greenhouse effect has become an international problem and been discussed a lot in econometrics and mathematical planning methods in order to inquire into global national and economic industry resource saving and CO2 decrease. Nevertheless, from the urban viewpoint, modern source usage has depended deeply on fossil fuels and the consuming of fossil fuels has just given rise to the CO2 of global greenhouse effect. The deep meaning behind this phenomenon indicates, "Under the concerning of greenhouse effect of global climate change, city must take its local action to participate in the lessons of the usage of energy and the decrease of CO2. This research is from urban planning viewpoint to discuss the decrease of CO2 under global climate change. By general system theory viewpoint, city is an open system. To design a city system that focus on the emission and absorption of CO2 and calculate the CO2*s input and output rates of city system; then, Analyzing the CO2*s emission and absorption particularity of city system. The calculation result indicates, the emission of CO2 in Taipei City is 17.58% of the whole nation. Listing the rates of CO2*s emission of each department in city system from high to low ones, they can be listed like this: 1.Industrial Department 2.Transportation Department 3.Commercial Department 4.Residence Department 5.Discarding Burning 6.Construction Department 7.Construction Remove. Outside the system, 1.Urban Spending 2.Production Process of Electric Power 3.Material Production and Transportation. In the absorption department, the most distinguished one is forest. Due to through sustainable urban planning strategies to reach the CO2*s decrease purpose, this research reviews the related CO2*s emission absorption rules and regulations and the saving energy policies in order to make seven sustainable urban planning strategies. Then, analyzing the effect of the enforcement, the calculating result indicates that if we only use nowadays* rules and regulations to limit, the CO2*s decreasing effect can only reach about 6%. However, if we add policy implement and carry out sustainable planning strategies, the decreasing effect rate can live up to about 30% to 40% and reacts to the global greenhouse effect topic quickly.
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Jhu, Jhen-Hao, and 朱振豪. "Electricity Conservation and CO2 Emission Reducing in ResidentialSector — the Case of Air Conditioning." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23610792368469281479.
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碩士國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
95
The energy consumption is increasing rapidly, but energy reserve is limited and energy price is climbing now in the world. In addition, many countries worked hard in CO2 emission reducing after the Kyoto Protocol was concluded. The purpose of this paper is to explore the measures of power conservation and CO2 emission reducing in Residential sector to avoid energy crisis and facing on the pressure of CO2 emission reducing around the world in the future. Through analyzing of the power consumption data in Residential sector, this research found the power consumption of air conditioning is the most fraction of energy use in Residential sector. For this, it would have a great effect if putting point on the power consumption of air conditioning. This paper adopted system dynamic approach to establish the model about power consumption and CO2 emission of air conditioning in Residential sector. Moreover, this paper has two simulations including increasing of energy efficiency and arising of electricity price. The results of simulations show as follows：(1)simulation of arising the energy efficiency has more effect on electricity-conservation and CO2 emission reducing. (2) it would have much better effect until the advance of electricity price is upon some degree .
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Wang, Ruoh-Min, and 王若閔. "Cost Comparison of Photovoltaic Systems in Taiwan: Internalizing External Benefits of Reducing CO2 Emission and Related Hazardous Substances." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95282210635044039858.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
工業工程學研究所
99
To investigate the costs differences among regions and scales of photovoltaic generation systems, this study simulates 30 weather stations set up by Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan, which located in the regions of north, center, south, eastern north, eastern south and islands of Taiwan. Total cost for each weather stations and grouped for each region are then estimated and calculated by adopting life-cycle cost method. The total cost includes not only the expenditures incurred during life-time of the generation but also the avoided external damage from the emission of CO2 and other related hazardous substances due to the photovoltaic system. This is an internalization of external benefit to reflect the existence of the photovoltaic system. In order to compare the suitability of generation in the regions, levelized cost of energy model (LCOE) is used as an indicator and land efficiency is adopted as another indicator. The results show that the more items of the external benefit are taken into account while photovoltaic systems adopted the more predominant is. That is, total cost of photovoltaic systems will be reduced significantly. In either internalizing external benefit of the CO2 emission or other relating hazardous substances, by adopting the method of LCOE, the results indicate that the most suitable locations for photovoltaic system is in Chiku (in southern region of Tainan) and the highest of land efficiency is in Lanyu (belonging to islands of Taiwan).
19
Wu, Tin-Hau, and 吳挺豪. "Optimization of an Ice-Storage Air Conditioning Load by Particle Swarm Algorithm for Reducing Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9e2e9q.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
96
Utilizing the feature of charge-at-night and discharge-in-daytime to transfer peak power consumption to off-peak hours for reducing the peak load during the day, ice-storage air conditioning system has become increasingly important as the problem of energy shortage keeps aggravating. However, poor design and failure to consider the operational features of the main chiller, ice storage tank and related auxiliary equipment can prevent an ice-storage air-conditioning system from generating the needed cold energy and facilitating the desired power saving.The study accordingly aims at developing and optimal mathematical model for the operation of ice-storage air-conditioning system adopting energy operating cost as the target function and the performance of the main chiller and ice-storage tank as the limitation. A Particle Swarm optimization algorithm is used to measure the optimal ice melting capacity during the daytime and the ice storage capacity . The study further analyzes and compares the system’s life-cycle cost .
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Lin, Meng-Ru, and 林孟儒. "A Research on Urban Greening Policy in the trend of Ecology for Reducing Globally CO2 Emission -A Case Study of Taipei." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55370006284788146425.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
90
The increase of CO2 concentration makes some rules such as FCCC in order to recover the standard of CO2 emission of 1990. Furthermore, in the “National Energy Convention” of Taiwan, professor Cheng Ling-Yuan had stated that “using plants on CO2 fixation is the better strategy ”. This paper adopts the concept of Urban-Regional ecological stability and refers to some international resolutions of CO2 mitigation to discuss the improving strategies of greening policies in the city. The research approach includes measuring the CO2 concentration and using Arc View to show the distribution of CO2 in the city. Then, utilizing the formula that can transform the concentration to weight of CO2 can get the additional area of green space, green zoning and greening ration specification. It would provide the idea and rules in urban planning. This paper chose several spatial hierarchies, which include Taipei city where was like a basin, Shin-Yi district and the block of NTUT (National Taipei University of Technology), and measured CO2 concentration. The conclusions include: 1.The distribution of CO2 concentration in Taipei City has the regional difference. In some region, CO2 concentration is more than 358ppm that was measured in Hawaii in 1984.And CO2 concentration is highest in the boundary between the administrative district of Da-An and ChongCheng, while CO2 concentration in the administrative district of Shih Lin and Peitou is lowest. 2.Adopting 350ppm as the reducing standard of CO2 concentration to divide under 350ppm,350ppm~400ppm,400ppm~440ppm,over 440ppm into four zone and over 350ppm on CO2 concentration, the proportion of additional green space in each zone should occupy 4.88％, 8.79％,and11.72％ of land area. 3.This paper selects the residential, commercial and administrative area of Shin-Yi district as the case study area. It should increase 0.62%, 0.88% and 1.56% of land in order to meet the greening ration specification. According to green floor area (floor area ration: 100%), it should be 8.29%, 1.51% and 4.88% of high CO2 concentration land and should be 7.66%, 1.49% and 4.66% of low CO2 concentration land so as to balance the CO2 concentration in each area. The result of this paper also shows that the form and planning of “regional green” has ignored commonly. Moreover, the policies of urban green space and EIA can’t meet the ecological status of “self-rehabilitation”. So taking some plan to achieve the goal of “sustainable development” will be a final destination.