To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reducing cardiovascular risk factors'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Reducing cardiovascular risk factors.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ball, Susan J. (Susan Jean). "The Effectiveness of an Exercise Intervention Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Among Employees in a University Setting." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500773/.
Full textAbstract:
Nine physiological measures were evaluated pre- to post-intervention on subjects participating in a university health promotion program over a seven-month period. Frequency of program attendance and choice of activity were also assessed. Of the 88 employees initially screened, most of the subjects were staff members (n=82, 93%),with a majority being female (n=68, 77%). Significant differences in physiological measures were found pre- to post-intervention between "higher" and "lower" cardiovascular risk participants, primarily due to the type of activity chosen. .The results indicate that health promotion programs at a university are an effective way to have an impact on employees in reducing their cardiovascular risk factors.
2
Christianson, Jane. ""Tai Chi as a Possible Way to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Firefighters"." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337886110.
Full text
3
Odebunmi, Olufeyisayo, Sylvester Olubolu Orimaye, Moboni Tosin Mokikan, Adeola Olubukola Awujoola, Adekunle Olumide Oke, Amy Poole, Timir Kumar Paul, et al. "Identifying Multiple Risk Factors of Hypertension for Reducing the Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Rural Central Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/22.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction
Hypertension occurs when there is persistent increase in the pressure of blood vessels in the body; this condition affects about 75 million people in the United States (U.S.). Hypertension is a major risk factor for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). PAD is a narrowing of the peripheral arteries in legs, stomach, arms and head regions of the body except the heart. Research has shown that hypertension can be life-threatening for patients with PAD. Moreover, research supports an evidence of a low threshold for blood pressure treatment in patients with PAD. Additionally, current American Heart Association guidelines recommend treating hypertension in patients with PAD to reduce the risk of other cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidities. In Central Appalachia, the rate of hypertension and the corresponding risk factors is higher than the national average. As such, this study examined the multiple risk factors of hypertension in patients with PAD within the Central Appalachian region.
Method
The study population consists of patients diagnosed with PAD in a large health system in Central Appalachia from 2008 to 2018. We extracted 13,455 patients with PAD from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system using ICD- 9 and ICD-10 codes. The outcome variable of the study was hypertension in PAD patients. Explanatory variables included gender, age, and cardiovascular risk factors (myocardial infarction (MI), Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, smoking status, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and hypercholesterolemia). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between risk factors of hypertension in male and female PAD patients. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.
RESULTS
Of the total PAD patients in the study, 45.8% were females and 54.2% were males. Of these patients, 79.1%, 45.7% and 22.6% had hypertension, diabetes and a history of MI, respectively. Upon stratifying based on gender, the odds of hypertension in PAD female patients with a history of MI was approximately 5.4 times (OR: 5.4, CI : 1.80-16.21) and 2.6 times higher with diabetes (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.43-4.83). Whereas in PAD male patients, the odds of hypertension was 3.9 (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.61-9.21) and 2.6 times (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.43-4.83) higher in those with a history of MI and diabetes, respectively. Stratifying by MI, the odds of hypertension in PAD increased by 2.8 times in patients with diabetes (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.75-4.49). Stratifying by diabetes showed that the odds of hypertension in PAD increased by 4.7 times in patients with MI (OR: 4.7, CI: 1.32-17.07).
CONCLUSION
The study showed that odds of hypertension in PAD patients is increased in the presence of diabetes and history of MI in both genders. Therefore, controlling diabetes and myocardial infarction will have the greatest impact in reducing the likelihood of hypertension leading to decreased morbidity and mortality in patients with PAD.
4
Hurtig, Wennlöf Anita. "Cardiovascular risk factors in children /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-179-2/.
Full text
5
Drew-Nord, Dana C. "Cardiovascular risk factors in career firefighters." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359546.
Full text
6
Chit, Moy Ley. "Bromelain and cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631731.
Full textAbstract:
The rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide now ranks alongside smoking, high blood pressure and cholesterol disorder as an independent major risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Conventional therapy and dietary management using dietary supplements have been under consideration as measures to prevent or ameliorate the risk of developing complications of CVD in diabetes. A systematic review of the literature on bromelain (a pineapple enzyme) and CVD identified 7 animal studies and 3 human studies. Animal studies were conducted more recently and showed more promising results on bromelain and CVD than human studies. Existing evidence derived from 3 human studies in the systematic review, carried out in the 1970’s despite poor study design and lacking appropriate information on trial outcomes suggested that bromelain may have an effect on CVD risk factors. This research was inconclusive. Potential mechanisms for bromelain suggested that it may be useful for reducing plasma fibrinogen, preventing aggregation of blood platelets, increasing fibrinolytic activity and acting as an anti-inflammatory agent which is closely related to the pathogenesis of CVD complications in diabetes. This indicated that research into bromelain may provide new insights to help reduce the risk factors associated with CVD complications for people with diabetes. A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was initiated with the aim of assessing whether the dietary supplement (bromelain) had the potential to reduce plasma fibrinogen and other associated risk factors for CVD in diabetic patients. The RCT on 68 Chinese diabetic patients (32 males and 36 females; Han origin, mean age of 61.26 years (Standard Deviation, SD 12.62 years)) with at least one risk factor of CVD demonstrated that 12-week intervention of 1.05g/day bromelain failed to show a beneficial effect in reducing fibrinogen and other CVD risk factors such as blood lipids, blood glucose, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), anthropometric indicators and blood pressure. A placebo-controlled trial with a larger sample size with higher fibrinogen levels and/or individuals at greater risk of developing CVD would be needed in a future study. Exploring bromelain’s effect on inflammatory markers which could be a possible underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of CVD in diabetes, may be a more fruitful focus for future research.
7
Malek-Ahmadi, Michael. "Cardiovascular risk factors for mild cognitive impairment." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002872.
Full text
8
Oliveira, Luís André Simões de Pinho. "Cardiovascular risk factors in a homeless population." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62304.
Full text
9
Abbott, Thomas. "Cardiovascular risk factors for perioperative myocardial injury." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/31705.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Myocardial injury affects up to one in three patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. However, very little is known about the underlying pathophysiology. In the general population, patients with elevated resting heart rate are at increased risk of cardiac events, mortality, heart failure and autonomic dysfunction, while hypertension is a well described risk factor for cardiovascular disease. I hypothesised that common abnormalities of heart rate or blood pressure were associated with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. Methods: This thesis comprises a series of secondary analyses of data from five prospective multi-centre epidemiological studies of surgical patients. The main outcome of interest was myocardial injury, defined using objective measurement of cardiac troponin. I used logistic regression analysis to test for association between exposures and outcomes. Results: In a large international cohort, patients with high preoperative heart rate had increased risk of myocardial injury and patients with very low preoperative heart rate had reduced risk of myocardial injury. Patients with elevated preoperative pulse pressure had increased risk of myocardial injury, independent of existing hypertension or systolic blood pressure. High heart rate, or high or low systolic blood pressure during surgery, was associated with increased risk of myocardial injury. In a separate study, elevated preoperative heart rate was associated with cardiopulmonary and autonomic dysfunction, and reduced left ventricular stroke volume, suggestive of heart failure. Finally, autonomic dysfunction, identified using cardiopulmonary exercise testing, was associated with elevated preoperative heart rate, elevated plasma NT-Pro-BNP (indicative of heart failure) and postoperative myocardial injury. Conclusions: Elevated preoperative heart rate, autonomic dysfunction and subclinical heart failure may be part of a common phenotype associated with perioperative myocardial injury. Further research is needed to characterise the pathological processes responsible for myocardial injury, and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
10
Seshadri, Swathi. "Retinal vascular function and cardiovascular risk factors." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/27347/.
Full textAbstract:
The current platform of conventional cardiovascular risk assessments tends to forsake the importance of endothelial function - a key biological mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors exert their propensity for adverse vascular events. Moreover, the presence and severity of endothelial dysfunction in ‘low-risk’ individuals suggests considerable variability in pre-clinical risk that could potentially be detected well before the onset of disease. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the presence and impact of retinal vascular dysfunction, as a barometer of endothelial function, in otherwise healthy individuals with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, but low to moderate cardiovascular risk. Systemic circulatory influences on retinal vascular function were also evaluated. The principle sections and findings of this work are: 1. Ageing effect on retinal vascular function • In low-risk individuals, there are age differences in retinal vascular function throughout the entire functional response curve for arteries and veins. Gender differences mainly affect the dilatory phase and are only present in young individuals. 2. Retinal vascular function in healthy individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease • In low-risk individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease, impairments in microvascular function at the retinal level correlate with established plasma markers for cardiovascular risk. 3. Ethnic differences in retinal vascular function • When compared to age-matched White Europeans, in low-risk middle-aged South Asians, there are impairments in retinal vascular function that correlate with established cardiovascular risk indicators. 4. Systemic circulatory influences on retinalµvascular function • Systemic antioxidant capacity (redox index) and plasma markers for cardiovascular risk (lipids) influence retinal microvascular function at both arterial and venous levels. 5. Retinal vascular function in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: a preliminarystudy • Patients with moderate to severe sleep apnoea exhibit attenuated retinal vascular function.
11
Oliveira, Luís André Simões de Pinho. "Cardiovascular risk factors in a homeless population." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62304.
Full text
12
Lytsy, Per. "Power of the Pill : Views about Cardiovascular Risk and the Risk-reducing Effect of Statins." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121776.
Full textAbstract:
Medical treatments with statins are prescribed to patients with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The benefits from statin treatment are well documented in clinical trials, but long-term adherence in patients is low, indicating that patients have an uncertainty about the necessity and benefits of treatment. The aims of this thesis were to investigate how patients and doctors view different aspects of statin treatment. Further aims were to investigate if the cardiovascular risk level in patients affects their views about different aspects of statin treatment. Yet further aims were to compare health behaviours and views about risk factors in patients using statins to a non-treated population. Data was obtained from patients (n = 829), doctors (n = 330) and a population sample (n = 720) using postal questionnaires. Views about the effect of statin treatment were assessed in different ways for patients and doctors. Patients based their assessments on their own situation, and doctors’ treatment decisions and assessments of anticipated effect of treatment were based on two hypothetical patient cases. The results indicate that patients greatly overestimate the general effect of statins, compared to efficacy results reported from clinical trials. Patients’ previous coronary heart disease or high overall risk were factors not associated with their views and expectations of treatment effect. Statin users with an internally perceived health control and patients satisfied with their doctor’s treatment explanation reported higher beliefs in treatment necessity and benefits. Statin users reported having better health behaviours and generally rated risk factors as more important than the non-treated population. Doctors had suboptimal understanding of the number of patients expected to benefit following five years of statin treatment and had a varying understanding of statins’ ability to prolong life. Overall the results illustrate that patients and doctors have different perspectives and views of the benefits from statin treatment which puts emphasis on how statin treatment is discussed in the clinical setting.
13
SAKAMOTO, JUNICHI, KAZBEK TULEBAYEV, YOSHITOKU YOSHIDA, MD HARUN-OR-RASHID, and GULNARA KULKAYEVA. "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS AMONG RURAL KAZAKH POPULATION." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16022.
Full text
14
Kaffashian, Sara. "Cognitive Aging : Role of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940586.
Full textAbstract:
Several cardiovascular disease risk factors including, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and diabetes have been proposed as important modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. These risk factors often co-occur and their aggregation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. However, studies of composite measures of cardiovascular disease risk in relation to cognitive outcomes in non-elderly populations are scarce. The aim of this thesis was to examine composite measures of risk in relation to cognition and longitudinal cognitive change amongmiddle-aged adults. Data from the Whitehall II study were used to study the associations between the metabolic syndrome, two Framingham risk scores; the Framingham stroke and general cardiovascular disease risk scores, and cognition, based on three cognitive assessments over 10 years. In addition, these two (cardio)vascular risk scores were compared with the CAIDE dementia risk score. Of all composite measures of risk examined, the two Framingham risk scores were the best predictors of 10-year cognitive decline. Higher cardiovascular risk was associated with faster 10-year decline inmultiple cognitive tests including verbal fluency, vocabulary and global cognition. These results suggest that multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors contribute to cognitive decline starting in midlife and that multi-risk factor models such as cardiovascular risk scores may be better suited to assessing risk of cognitive decline. Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors may offer the possibility of markedly delaying or preventing cognitive decline.
15
Sjögren, Per. "Cardiovascular risk factors, diet and the metabolic syndrome /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-894-0/.
Full text
16
Mayosi, B. M. "Genetic determination of cardiovascular risk factors in families." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249502.
Full text
17
Kwape, Lemogang Daniel. "Diet and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Botswana." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211324.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In Sub-Saharan Africa, rates of CVD are increasing rapidly, but there is little evidence about the potential determinants of CVD risk in this population. This thesis investigated CVD risk factors in Gaborone, capital city of Botswana, by (i) documenting CVD risk factors in this population, (ii) investigating the association between diet and CVD risk factors and (iii) assessing the association between diet and risk of CVD. 787 adults were recruited. Of these 566 were generally “healthy” with no history of CVD, while 221 (“diseased”) had at least one reported CVD condition, hypertension or diabetes. The median (interquartile range) age was 27 (23, 32) and 52 (42, 62) years for healthy and diseased participants respectively. All participants completed an interview administered questionnaire, including a food frequency questionnaire. Height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured, and a non-fasting blood sample was obtained for analysis of lipids, lipoproteins and glucose. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity (36.8%), particularly in women (50.0%), and low HDL cholesterol (<1.0 mmol/L men and <1.3 mmol/L women) (62.6%) was found. High levels of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, glucose and high blood pressure were also found in this population of young adults in Gaborone. Total fat and/or saturated fat intake (as percentage energy) was significantly linearly associated with increased LDL cholesterol (p=0.017), triglycerides (p=0.048), glucose (p=0.044) and with decreased HDL cholesterol (p=0.021). However, fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary patterns were not independently associated with CVD risk factors. Carbohydrates intake was significantly associated with increased risk of disease. Unexpectedly, saturated fat intake was associated with reduced disease risk, but weakened after nutrients adjustment. CVD risk factors are relatively high in this population. These results suggest a need for further research on CVD in Botswana.
18
Khanji, Mohmed Yunus. "Clinical effectiveness of tailored E2 coaching in reducing cardiovascular risk assessed using cardiovascular imaging and functional assessment : a primary prevention trial in moderate to high risk individuals." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24707.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Innovative techniques are required to tackle its anticipated rise due to rising obesity, diabetes and an ageing population. Personalised electronic coaching (eb coaching) using the Internet and emails may help motivate healthier living and be of clinical benefit in complementing current programmes for cardiovascular risk reduction. I investigated whether personalised ebcoaching on top of SOC was more clinically effective than SOC alone, in reducing cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic individuals with high cardiovascular risk. I lead a randomised controlled trial of 402 participants using robust surrogate markers to identify change over 6 months. I assessed the feasibility of using cardiovascular magnetic resonance surrogate markers to guide their use in future studies of lifestyle interventions. I performed systematic reviews to identify 1) similarities and differences among leading primary prevention guidelines that address cardiovascular screening and risk assessment and 2) guideline recommendations on lifestyle advice and interventions to identify how ebcoaching could be used and what advice to incorporate in ebcoaching platforms. I found modest but statistically significant improvements in both ebcoaching and SOC groups to a similar level. Personalised ebcoaching did not show additional benefit in a highbrisk primary prevention cohort. It is feasible to use cardiovascular surrogate markers derived from cardiovascular magnetic resonance in lifestyle interventions studies. However, further studies correlating change in these markers with longbterm outcomes are required. Considerable discrepancies exist in the guidelines on risk on cardiovascular screening and risk assessment, with no consensus on optimum screening strategies or classification of high risk thus affecting treatment threshold. Guidelines did highlight the importance of lifestyle interventions in primary prevention and generally provided similar advice. Ebcoaching should not be incorporated into current prevention programmes for high risk populations unless the tools are improved and effectiveness is proven.
19
Mejía, Lancheros Cília. "Impact of psychological and social factors on cardiovascular risk in an adult population at high cardiovascular risk." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/290844.
Full textAbstract:
Antecedentes: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) siguen siendo la principal causa de morbi-mortalidad y discapacidad en el mundo. Aunque España tiene una de las tasas de morbimortalidad cardiovascular más bajas, las ECV continúan siendo la principal causa de muerte. Así mismo, la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos, como la hipertensión, la diabetes, la dislipemia y la obesidad en la población general es alta.
Las causas que conducen a padecer una ECV son multifactoriales, y varios factores de riesgo y estilos de vida poco saludables están frecuentemente involucrados. En las últimas tres décadas, la evidencia científica ha mostrado que condiciones socioeconómicas y psicológicas desfavorables a nivel individual y ecológico están directa e indirectamente relacionadas con la prevalencia de estilos de vida poco saludables, un perfil alto de riesgo cardiovascular, la incidencia y un peor pronóstico de las ECV. A pesar de ello, los mecanismos por los cuales estas condiciones pueden afectar la salud cardiovascular no están completamente establecidos. En España, el papel de esas circunstancias en el riesgo cardiovascular ha sido poco estudiado.
Objetivo General: La presente tesis tiene como objetivo estudiar el papel de la depresión, la posición socioeconómica y el apoyo social sobre tres aspectos del riesgo cardiovascular: (1) el tratamiento recibido en la prevención primaria cardiovascular; (2) el grado de control y los valores de la presión arterial; y (3) el aumento del riesgo de sufrir infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), accidente cerebrovascular (AC) y muerte cardiovascular en una población adulta con de alto riesgo cardiovascular, en España (participantes en el estudio PREDIMED).
Métodos: tres estudios fueron llevados a cabo en 7447 adultos con alto riesgo cardiovascular, sin ECV al inicio de los estudios. Un estudio transversal se llevó a cabo para evaluar (1) la relación entre el nivel socioeconómico y las desigualdades en recibir tratamiento para la prevención cardiovascular primaria; y (2) para evaluar el efecto de la depresión tratada y no tratada en los valores de la presión arterial. Un estudio prospectivo longitudinal (seguimiento medio de 4,8 años) se realizó para determinar si la depresión, el nivel educativo bajo, y un bajo apoyo social contribuían a aumentar el riesgo de sufrir IMA, AC y muerte por ECV. Otras características como el sexo, edad, IMC, comorbilidad cardiovascular, estilos de vida al inicio del estudio fueron también consideradas en todos los estudiados realizados.
Resultados: En cuanto al impacto de los factores psicológicos y socioeconómicos sobre los tres aspectos de riesgo cardiovascular estudiado, se encontró: (1) los participantes con medio y bajo nivel de educación fueron tratadas de forma similar para la hipertensión (OR (IC95%): nivel educativo medio (NEM): 0.75 (0.56 a 1.00), nivel educativo bajo (NEB): 0.85 (0.65-1.10); diabetes (NEM: 0.86 (0.61 a 1.22), NEB: (0.90 (0.67 a 1.22), y dislipidemia (NEM: 0.93 (0.75 a 1.15), NEB: 0.99 (0.82 a 1,19) comparados con aquellos con nivel educativo alto; (2) participante hipertensos con depresión no tratada (OR (IC95%): 1.28 (1.06 a 1.55), y tratada (1.30 (1.03-1.65) mostraron mejor control de la presión arterial que aquellos sin depresión; (3) participantes con nivel educativo bajo presentaron mayor riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular (HR (IC 95%): 1.83 (1.09 a 3.09) comparados con aquellos con un nivel educativo superior
Conclusiones: en la población estudiada, (1) no se observaron diferencias socioeconómicas en el tratamiento recibido en prevención cardiovascular primaria; (2) en los pacientes hipertensos con alto riesgo cardiovascular, el control de la presión arterial fue mejor en las personas diagnosticadas con depresión, en comparación con aquellos sin depresión.; y (3) los participantes con bajo nivel educativo tenían un mayor riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular. La depresión y el bajo apoyo social no se asociaron con la incidencia de ECV.Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbimortality and disability in the world. Although Spain has one of the lowest cardiovascular morbimortality rates worldwide, CVDs continue to be the main cause of death. In addition the prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and obesity in the general population is high. Causes leading to cardiovascular diseases are multifactorial and several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are involved. In the last three decades, the scientific evidence has shown that socioeconomic and psychological disadvantaged conditions at individual and ecological levels are directly and indirectly related with prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles, poor cardiovascular profile, and incidence and worsening progression of CVDs. However, the mechanisms or pathways through which these conditions lead to adverse cardiovascular outcomes are not completely clear. In Spain, the role of those circumstances in the cardiovascular risk has been scarcely studied. General Objective: The present thesis is aimed at studying the role of socioeconomic position, depression and social support on three topics of the cardiovascular risk.: (1) the treatment received in primary cardiovascular prevention; (2) the degree of control and the values of blood pressure; and (3) the increased risk of suffering primary major cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death) in an adult population with high cardiovascular risk (PREDIMED study participants), living in Spain. Methods: This thesis is composed of three research studies carried out on 7447 adults at high cardiovascular risk, free of CVDs at baseline. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess (1) the relationship between the socioeconomic status and inequalities in receiving treatment for primary cardiovascular prevention; and (2) to assess the effect of treated and untreated depression on blood pressure values. A prospective cohort study (average follow up of 4.8 years) was performed to determine whether depression, lower educational level and weak social support contributed to increase the risk of suffering myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from CVDs. Other characteristics such as sex, age, BMI, cardiovascular comorbidity, lifestyles at study baseline, were also taken into account in the studies performed. Results: Regarding the impact of the psychological and socioeconomic factors on the three aspects of cardiovascular risk studied, it was found: (1) participants with low and middle education level were similarly treated for hypertension (OR (95% CI): middle education level (MEL): 0.75 (0.56-1.00), low educational level (LEL): 0.85 (0.65-1.10); diabetes (MEL: 0.86 (0.61-1.22), LEL: (0.90 (0.67-1.22), and dyslipidaemia (MEL: 0.93 (0.75-1.15), LEL: 0.99 (0.82-1.19) if compared with those at high education level; (2) hypertensive participants with not treatment (OR (95% CI): 1.28 (1.06-1.55), and treatment (OR (95% CI): 1.30 (1.03-1.65) for depression shown better blood pressure control than those without depression; (3) Participant with low education presented higher risk of suffering stroke (HR (95% CI): 1.83 (1.09–3.09) ) compared with those with high education. Conclusions: in the studied population, (1) socioeconomic differences did not affect the treatment prescribed for primary cardiovascular prevention; (2) among hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk, the control of blood pressure was better in those diagnosed with depression compared to those without depression; and (3) participants with low educational level had a higher risk of stroke. Depression and low social support were not associated with CVD incidence.
20
Wilson, Johanna. "Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores and Novel Risk Factors in Relation to Race and Gender." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6434.
Full textAbstract:
The use of cardiovascular risk scores remains the foundation for risk stratification to guide clinical management. Clinicians have access to several cardiovascular risk scores in practice settings. While having several risk scores with different risk factors may provide more information, it does not imply accuracy of the cardiovascular risk score used to calculate individual patient cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to compare the Framingham Risk score, Reynolds Risk scores, and the Pooled Cohort Risk Equation (3 commonly used equations) scores with respect to ability to predict cardiovascular events in a diverse ethnic population. Additionally, the potential predictive utility of three novel risk factors (carotid intima media thickness, peripheral arterial tonometry and vasa vasorum) was examined in relation to ability to improve 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction.
A secondary analysis of the longitudinal prospective study cohort known as Heart Strategies Concentrating On Risk Evaluation (Heart SCORE) was conducted. The cardiovascular risk scores of study participants who did and did not experience a cardiovascular event composite index consisting of myocardial infarction, death, stroke, acute ischemic stroke, or revascularization were assessed using methods of calibration and discrimination overall and by race and gender. When examining performance of the 3 risk scores, the overall 10-year absolute predicted cardiovascular risk varied substantially (e.g. approximately 2-fold) and this wide variation in predicted 10-year cardiovascular risk was present across race and gender. Nonetheless, despite the wide variation in estimates of absolute risk, the 3 cardiovascular risk score equations were strongly associated with future cardiovascular risk overall and by race and gender. There was some indication that the Reynolds risk score was the most accurate measure of future cardiovascular risk. The 3 novel risk factors examined did not significantly improve 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction above and beyond the standard demographic and clinical variables used in these well-known equations.
21
Then, Karen L. "Cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents, an exploratory descriptive study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0008/NQ60031.pdf.
Full text
22
Dedkhard, Saowapa. "Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Rural Thai Women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195629.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health problem among women worldwide. In Thailand, risk factors of CVD in rural Thai women have not yet been examined. The purpose of this predictive correlational study was to examine risk factors of CVD in rural Thai women. Non-modifiable risk factors, modifiable risk factors (physiological, behavioral, and psychological risk factors), contextual risk factors, as well as, coping were conceptualized as major variables in this study.The sample consisted of 149 rural Thai women who had been diagnosed with CVD and resided in rural northern Thailand. A set of questionnaires and physiological measures were used to obtain data. The Chi-square test and the Pearson correlation technique, as well as the Multiple regression were used for data analysis.The results revealed that age, hypertension, cigarette smoking, stress, depression, and poverty had positive relationships with the severity of CVD. BMI, physical activity, education level, and family income were inversely related to the severity of CVD. However, total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, menopause status, alcohol consumption, distance to hospital, transportation to health care, and coping had no relationship to the severity of CVD. A few of the physiological and behavioral risk factors were significant predictors of the severity of CVD in rural Thai women. These included high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity. Notably, psychological stress and the contextual risk factors of income and poverty were also significant predictors of the severity of CVD in these women. Moreover, there were the significant moderator effects in predicting to the severity of CVD: total serum cholesterol and family income, diabetes and distance to a hospital, BMI and transportation, menopause and income, cigarette smoking and transportation, and depression and poverty.In conclusion, the findings from this study suggested that few of traditional risk factors of CVD were significant risk factors for CVD. Noteworthy findings demonstrated that psychological stress and contextual risk factors played an important role in contributing to CVD in rural Thai women. It is suggested that specific and effective interventions are needed for these women in order to reduce their morbidity and mortality rates of CVD.
23
Abshire, Demetrius A. "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS AMONG EMERGING ADULTS IN COLLEGE." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/12.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this dissertation was to examine factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among emerging adults in college aged 18-25 years. CVD risks that develop during this period often persist into adulthood making it an ideal time to target CVD prevention. The specific aims of this dissertation were to 1) explore perceptions of cardiovascular risk among emerging adult men in college; 2) compare differences in unhealthy behaviors and obesity between emerging adults in college living in rural, Appalachian Kentucky and urban Fayette County, Kentucky; and 3) compare measures of general and abdominal obesity in predicting blood pressure among emerging adults in college.
Specific Aim One was addressed by a qualitative study of perceptions of cardiovascular risk in 10 emerging adult males in college. Specific Aims Two and Three were addressed by a study of emerging adult college students living in rural, Appalachian and urban Fayette County, Kentucky. We hypothesized that students in rural, Appalachian Kentucky would engage in more unhealthy behaviors and be obese due to living in an austere environment with barriers to healthy behaviors. Although obesity and hypertension are known to be related, researchers have not determined whether body fat distribution, general vs. abdominal, is predictive of blood pressure in emerging adults. Knowing which body fat distribution is the strongest predictor of blood pressure may help in evaluating cardiovascular risk in emerging adults.
Emerging adult men emphasized difficulty engaging in CVD health behaviors while attending college and choose to ignore long-term CVD risk. Overcoming college-specific and developmental barriers to engaging in healthy behaviors is critical to reducing cardiovascular risk in this population. Students living in rural, Appalachian Kentucky had more CVD risk behaviors and more were obese compared to those in urban Fayette County, Kentucky. Reducing CVD risk behaviors and obesity among students in rural Appalachian Kentucky may help decrease the high burden of CVD in this region. Findings suggest that waist circumference was the best predictor of systolic blood pressure among emerging adults in college.
24
Blair, S. A. "Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527660.
Full text
25
McFarlane, C. "Lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood obesity." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411370.
Full text
26
Brett, Sally Emma. "Influence of cardiovascular risk factors on exercise blood pressure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341138.
Full text
27
McGraw, Leigh Kyle. "Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors in deployed military personnel." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3324615.
Full text
28
Guo, Xiaohui. "Effects of Total Polyphenol Intakes on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in an Elderly Population at High Cardiovascular Risk." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399542.
Full textAbstract:
There is a consensus that CVD has been the leading cause of death worldwide in recent decades, and it is predicted that will raise from 17.5 million in 2012 to 22.2 million in 2030. Besides, CVD is a heavy economic burden on the health care system at both global and national scales. For the primary prevention, prediction models based on established risk factors are useful tools in the prevention of CVD. In this study, the cardiovascular risk factors among the elderly population have been assessed, which used to set up associations between total polyphenol intakes from a Mediterranean diet and prevention of CVD.
The Mediterranean diet is a nutritional recommendation that has recently shown beneficial effects on human health. Numerous studies have demonstrated there is a negative association between consumption of the Mediterranean diet and the prevalence of CVD. The evidence concerning the potential mechanisms of action which underlie the cardio-protective effects may be attributed to a high amount of dietary fiber, vitamins, folic acid, natural antioxidants, monounsaturated fat; moderate amounts of animal protein, moderate amount of alcohol mainly in the form of wine; and low amount of saturated and trans fat. However, only limited studies have focused on the observed protection from the most abundant antioxidants in nature, polyphenol. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that a high dietary polyphenol intakes, recorded by urinary polyphenol excretion, could be associated with low CVD risk parameters, diabetes, and obesity in an elderly population with high cardiovascular risk.
Traditional methods of obtaining information on polyphenol intakes, such as from dietary recalls, FFQs, and databases on the polyphenol content of foods, are not accurate enough to reflect polyphenol concentration after metabolism. To solve this problem, we used excretion of urine as a reliable and effective biomarker to track polyphenol after digestion.
High glucose levels, TG concentration, DBP are classic cardiovascular risk factors for developing of CVD. In this thesis, we found significant inverse correlations between changes in TPE and plasma TG concentration, glucose concentration, and DBP after adjustment for potential confounders after a 5-year of intervention.
Overweight and obesity are also important risk factors for developing of CVD. Inverse correlations were observed between TPE at 5 years of follow-up and BW, BMI, WC and WHtR after adjustment for potential confounders, indicating higher polyphenol intakes improve body weight managements.
Prevalence of T2D is positively associated with incidence of CVD. We found a high intake of total polyphenols, calculated by FFQs and the Phenol-Explorer database, was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes in elderly people at high risk of CVD.
To conclude, we suggest that a high consumption of polyphenol-rich foods in the frame of a Mediterranean diet could potentially help to reduce multiple risk factors of CVD.Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (CVD) representan la principal causa de mortalidad en el mundo. Numerosos estudios han demostrado una asociación negativa entre el consumo de la dieta mediterránea y la prevalencia de las CVD. Sin embargo, sólo algunos estudios se han centrado en evaluar la protección que pueden ejercer los polifenoles. En este trabajo se propuso la siguiente hipótesis de que una ingesta elevada de polifenoles a través de la dieta, podría estar asociada a una disminución de parámetros de bajo riesgo de CVD, diabetes y obesidad en una población de edad avanzada con alto riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se observó que una alta ingesta de polifenoles totales, calculado por las encuestas de frecuencia de consumo (FFQ) y la base de datos de Phenol-Explorer, se asoció con un menor riesgo de diabetes en personas de edad avanzada con alto riesgo de CVD. Los métodos tradicionales para obtener las informaciones de la ingesta de polifenoles, como los recordatorios de la dieta, las encuestas de frecuencia de consumo y bases de datos, no son suficientemente precisos. Para resolver este problema, se utilizó la además la excreción de los polifenoles en la orina (TPE) como un biomarcador fiable, robusto y eficaz para realizar un seguimiento del consumo de polifenoles. Hemos observado correlaciones inversas significativas entre los cambios en la concentración plasmática de TPE a los 5 años de seguimiento y triglicéridos plasmáticos, la concentración de glucosa y la presión sanguínea diastólica después de ajustar por posibles factores de confusión. El sobrepeso y la obesidad también son importantes factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se observaron correlaciones inversas entre TPE a los 5 años de seguimiento y peso corporal (BW), índice de masa corporal (BMI), circunferencia de la cintura (WC) y cintura a la altura (WHtR) después del ajuste por posibles factores de confusión. Para concluir, se sugiere que un alto consumo de alimentos con alto contenido en polifenoles en el marco de una dieta mediterránea podría reducir múltiples factores de riesgo de CVD.
29
Waern, Susanna. "Accuracy of risk perception and evaluation of risk communication in patients with cardiovascular risk factors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443370.
Full text
30
Bitkover, Catarina Yael. "Postoperative mediastinitis : risk factors, wound contamination and diagnostic possibilities /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3591-2/.
Full text
31
Lovasi, Gina Schellenbaum. "Neighborhood walkability, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10859.
Full text
32
Florvall, Gösta, Samar Basu, Johanna Helmersson, and Anders Larsson. "Microalbuminuria, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly males." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6151.
Full textAbstract:
Objective - To correlate blood pressure and inflammatory markers with urine albumin analysed with a point-of-care testing (POCT) instrument, nephelometric determination of albumin and creatinine related urine albumin in elderly males.
Methods and Results - The study population consisted of 103 diabetic and 603 nondiabetic males (age 77 years) in a cross-sectional study in central Sweden. We analyzed urine albumin with a HemoCue® Urine Albumin POCT instrument and a ProSpec® nephelometer and creatinine related urine albumin. There were strong correlation between both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all three urine albumin methods (p<0.0001). There were also significant correlations between the different urine albumin measurements and SAA, hsCRP and IL-6.
Conclusions - Hypertension has a strong impact on hyperfiltration in diabetic and nondiabetic elderly males.
33
Kool, Mirian Josephina Francina. "Large artery properties relation to cardiovascular risk factors and therapy /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1995. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5772.
Full text
34
Moore, Vivienne M. "Fetal growth and cardiovascular risk factors in an Australian cohort /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm824.pdf.
Full text
35
De, Lorenzo Ferruccio Francesco. "Cardiovascular risk factors and physical reconditioning in cold adapted humans." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400471.
Full text
36
Preston, Emma Chevallier. "Cardiovascular risk factors in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497669.
Full text
37
King, Karen, and 金穎和. "Anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors in a Chinese population." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970199.
Full text
38
Woodhouse, Peter Robert. "Seasonal variation of cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295672.
Full text
39
King, Karen. "Anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors in a Chinese population." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23424680.
Full text
40
Miranda, Luísa Maria da Cruz Soares. ""Associations between cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity and autonomic function"." Tese, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56801.
Full text
41
Heydon, Emma Elizabeth. "Telomere length and cardiovascular disease risk factors in South Asians." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708496.
Full text
42
Lund, Adam John Svenn. "Physical activity, chronic inflammation and risk factors for cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519920.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis was to examine the interaction between cardiovascular risk factors (particularly novel inflammatory measures) and short-term changes in physical activity. This is important as it is necessary to establish whether the changes that occur to these markers over the longer-term might be a consequence of short-term changes in physical activity. Chapter 4 investigated the challenges in handling the large volume of minute-by-minute data obtained from the use of a novel device for estimating physical activity energy expenditure from synchronous heart rate and accelerometer data. This chapter describes the development of specific software to enable efficient data-processing and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of this new method of physical activity measurement. Chapter 5 sought to understand the reproducibility of various measures that were central to progress in this field in order to justify their inclusion in future intervention-based studies. This work showed that the inflammatory markers C-Reactive Protein and interleukin-6 and the lipid markers total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were all reproducible measures. The measurement of physical activity energy expenditure, when demarked into common categories, was also mostly reproducible. The circulating marker oxidised-low-density lipoprotein, an in-house adhesion assay and in-house mononuclear cell cytokine secretion assay were determined to be not reproducible and were not used further in this thesis. In Chapter 6 a group of highly active middle-aged men undertook one week of detraining where all structured exercise was removed but activities of daily living were allowed. It was shown that this short-term period of detraining did not elicit any changes in any of the inflammatory, lipid or glucose/insulin markers measured including a commercial, externally-validated whole-blood cytokine secretion assay. In Chapter 7 a sedentary group of middle-aged men performed daily brisk walking for 30 minutes over one week. This period of training did not elicit any change in any of the inflammatory, lipid or glucose/insulin markers measured; including no changes in glucose measures with an oral glucose tolerance test either one day after the last training session or three days later. The differences between the highly-active (Chapter 6) and sedentary (Chapter 7) participants in inflammatory markers were large with substantially higher concentrations for C-Reactive Protein and interleukin-6 in the sedentary middle-aged men. Because these do not change in response to relatively short-term detraining (Chapter 6) or training (Chapter 7) it appears that these differences represent long-term changes and adaptations. Therefore, in addition to being reproducible, fasting inflammatory and lipid markers are very stable with no changes after positive or negative short-term alterations in physical activity level. One immediate implication of this stability is improved ease of follow-up measures after interventions (e.g., training studies) since differences appear to reflect chronic changes in response to the regular training/detraining undertaken and not to recent exercise per se. In the future it will be important to establish better demarcations of acceptable physical activity behaviour. It will also be important to establish whether recently-trained individuals also exhibit stability in their inflammatory markers after a short-period of detraining and whether sedentary individuals are ever capable of achieving the blood profiles of their highly-active counterparts.
43
Guo, Lin. "Analysis of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in UK health services." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2015. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9402/.
Full textAbstract:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 17·3 million people died from cardiovascular disease worldwide in 2008 and more than 23 million people will die annually from cardiovascular disease by 2030. In the UK, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is high — over 3 million people currently suffer from this disorder. There are a number of cardiovascular researchers in the UK population who access the National Health Services, but little evidence has been gathered from those who access the private medical insurance. According to figures from the Association of British Insurers, the number of people covered by private medical insurance rose to 6 million in 2008—about 10% of the UK’s population. Due to an increasing large number of this population, there is an urgent need to investigate their health, especially cardiovascular health in this affluent group. This PhD study used a retrospective cross-sectional design, and aimed to examine the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors—BMI, waist circumference, WHR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol—in a population who attended Nuffield Health, a private medical insurance company. The dataset provided by Nuffield Health is one of the largest UK datasets specifically in a commercial setting. When examining the association of socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors in this affluent population, the findings show that the likelihood of having high blood pressure was lower in the most deprived area than in the least deprived area. The likelihood of having low HDL cholesterol was not significantly different between groups, but the likelihood of having high total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was statistically significantly lower in more deprived groups. In the study assessing the effect of geographical variations on cardiovascular risk factors, no North-South effect was detected in this relatively affluent population. This finding might be generalisable to affluent populations in other European countries. In order to see the difference between this affluent population and another population from an affluent region in England, data provided by Hampshire Health Record were analysed. Although the two datasets are comparable, people living in the south England region were more likely to develop obesity and hypertension, but less likely to have elevated cholesterol and LDL, as well as low HDL, compared with those from Nuffield Health on the basis of socioeconomic status. Evidence-based population-wide policy interventions exist, and these interventions should now be urgently implemented to tackle persistent inequalities of cardiovascular health in the UK effectively.
44
Appannah, Geeta. "Dietary patterns, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in young people." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648138.
Full text
45
Toori, Mehdi Akbartabar. "Relationships between modifiable lifestyle factors and indicators of cardiovascular risk." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30967/.
Full textAbstract:
The global demographic, socio-economic and technological changes linked with lifestyle modifications are widely considered to be the underlying cause of the increased prevalence of CVD and other non-communicable disease worldwide. Understanding the role of the lifestyle factors in associations with these problems is important for treatment and prevention. The aims of the present thesis were: 1) To evaluate the associations between some lifestyle factors, body weight and shape, and CVD risk factors. 2) To determine the combination association between lifestyle factors and body weight and CVD risk factors. 3) To evaluate the effects of a smoking cessation program on energy balance. To achieve these aims a secondary analysis of Scottish Health Survey (SHS) 1998 and an observational study have been carried out. The relationships between smoking status and body size and shape have been examined using the SHS data from those aged 16-74 years. After adjustment for some confounding factors, BMI was lower in current smokers and higher in ex-smokers (p<0.001) when compared to non-smokers in the survey population as a whole. Smoking was associated with a lower BMI in the sample as a whole, but not for the youngest age group. Smoking cessation was associated with weight gain. Smoking and obesity were the two major risk factors, which showed the strongest associations with the CVD risk factors, and their combination exaggerated CVD risk factors. Achievement of currently recommended physical activity levels were associated with lower BMI and prevalence of obesity, and a smaller WC and WHR. However, approximately 50% of active subjects were overweight and obese. These levels of activity were associated with lower CVD risk factors, however the joint associations of physical activity and BMI showed that obese active people still had higher CVD risk factors than inactive people with BMI < 25 kg/m2. Smoking and inactivity were two major modifiable behaviours that showed the strongest associations with unhealthy dietary habits. Smoking cessation was associated with increased body weight and WC within weeks of cessation, particularly in females with NRT. Attrition rates were high and effective weight maintenance strategies may improve this.
46
Cooper, Chadrick. "The Influence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors on Exercise Participation." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3520.
Full textAbstract:
The study's purpose was to analyze whether the control (sustained healthy level) of independent cardiovascular disease risk factors could be used to significantly predict aerobic exercise status. The health belief and ecological model helped describe health awareness, autonomy, and ecological influences that could also influence the control of each risk factor. Multiple logistic regression analysis of behaviors and demographics was utilized to assess relationships of met aerobic recommendations to hypertension, diabetes, obesity, tobacco/alcohol use, diet, physical activity limitations, mood, and socio-economic status. The study consisted of 340 African American participants (37% male 63% female), between the ages of 30-64 who, lived in the state of Texas. With a 95% confidence internal, p < .05, and effect size of .15, results indicated that participants controlling the risk factor poor diet (P = .011; OR 3.3 [CI 95%]) were three times more likely to meet aerobic recommendations than those who did not. Participants controlling risk factors education status (P = .002; OR 2.4 [CL 95%]), sex (P = .012; OR 1.9 [CI 95%]), and high blood pressure diagnosis (P = .044; OR 1.7 [CI 95%]) were also more likely to meet exercise recommendations than those who did not. Findings showed that by initiating and sustaining changes in modifiable factors, participants were likely to meet aerobic recommendations and reduce their risk for cardiovascular disease. Policy makers, educators, health professionals, and employers are recommended to implement the study's results in communities, workplaces, and schools to target health promotion at persons with poor diet, hypertension, and less than a college education.
47
Yanouri, Lamia L. "Racial/Ethnic Discrimination: Relationship to Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707296/.
Full textAbstract:
The current project used data from the Health & Retirement Study (HRS) 2016 wave and assesses the relationship between everyday racial/ethnic discrimination and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The role of acculturation and social support on this relationship was also considered. The sample size consisted of 3,994 non-Hispanic White, 1,140 non-Hispanic Black, and 842 Hispanic older adults. The results suggest that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals endorse higher perceived everyday racial/ethnic discrimination (p < .001) in comparison to non-Hispanic White individuals. Additionally, non-Hispanic Black adults have higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings (p < .001) than non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adults. Support for the direct and moderating role of certain aspects of social support and acculturation on health outcomes/behaviors related to cardiovascular disease risk among non-Hispanic Black (R2 = .07, F(15, 415) = 2.06, p= .011) and Hispanic (R2 = .30, F(5, 34) = 2.97, p = .025) older adults, respectively, were found. The limitations and clinical implications of the study are further discussed.
48
Miranda, Luísa Maria da Cruz Soares. ""Associations between cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity and autonomic function"." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56801.
Full text
49
Glover, Jessica Colleen. "Coronary Vasospasm signs, symptoms, risk factors and management /." Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/glover/GloverJ0509.pdf.
Full text
50
Xu, Lin, and 徐琳. "Subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and metabolicsyndrome in older Chinese people." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4451430X.
Full text