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Journal articles on the topic 'Reducing atmosphere'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ceponis, M. J., and R. A. Cappellini. "Reducing Decay in Fresh Blueberries with Controlled Atmospheres." HortScience 20, no. 2 (1985): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.2.228.

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Abstract Freshly harvested blueberry fruit (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were held for 7 or 14 days at 2°C under constant atmospheres of CO2 in air or with 2% O2, under 2% O2 alone or in normal atmosphere. When the berries were removed from the controlled atmospheres and held for 3 days at 21°, the CO2-enriched atmospheres of 10%, 15%, or 20% significantly inhibited decay development for 1-2 days. The higher CO2-enriched atmospheres generally were more effective. The 2% O2 atmosphere alone was ineffective and did not enhance the CO2 treatment.

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2

Itcovitz, Jonathan P., Auriol S. P. Rae, Robert I. Citron, et al. "Reduced Atmospheres of Post-impact Worlds: The Early Earth." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 5 (2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac67a9.

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Abstract Impacts may have had a significant effect on the atmospheric chemistry of the early Earth. Reduced phases in the impactor (e.g., metallic iron) can reduce the planet’s H2O inventory to produce massive atmospheres rich in H2. While previous studies have focused on the interactions between the impactor and atmosphere in such scenarios, we investigate two further effects: (1) the distribution of the impactor’s iron inventory during impact between the target interior, target atmosphere, and escaping the target; and (2) interactions between the post-impact atmosphere and the impact-generat

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3

Wienhage, Gabriel Henrique, Vinícius Henrique de Freitas, Julio Zeppone Carlos, et al. "Flash Calcination of Kaolinite Clay in a Pilot Reactor: Evaluation of Clay Color Change in Oxidizing, Inert and Reducing Atmospheres." Journal of Building Material Science 7, no. 1 (2025): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v7i1.8104.

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Cement production, while essential for global infrastructure, contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions, accounting for approximately 7% of total emissions. To mitigate these environmental impacts, flash calcination of kaolinitic clays has been investigated as a sustainable alternative. This technique involves the rapid heating of clays, enabling their use as supplementary cementitious materials. The primary objective of this study was to modify the color of calcined clay in various atmospheres (oxidizing, inert, and reducing) to achieve a grayish tone similar to commercial cement

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Wang, Xiaohuan, Zhiming Shi, and Lina Wang. "Effects of sintering atmospheres on phase transformation, oxygen vacancy and photoabsorption behaviors of highly Fe-doped titania crystals." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 06 (2017): 1750062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917500622.

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Fe-doped TiO2 crystals were successfully prepared using a sol–gel technique in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres. The effects of sintering atmosphere on phase transformation, oxygen vacancy concentration and photoabsorption behaviors were investigated. The results indicate that upon sintering in reducing atmosphere, Ti and Fe ion valences were decreased and highly Fe ions (12 mol%) were entirely dissolved into titania crystals, increasing oxygen vacancy concentration and leading to increased photoabsorption capability. In contrast, sintering in oxidizing atmosphere causes precipitation of the

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Watanabe, Yasuto, and Kazumi Ozaki. "Relative Abundances of CO₂, CO, and CH₄ in Atmospheres of Earth-like Lifeless Planets." Astrophysical Journal 961, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad10a2.

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Abstract Carbon is an essential element for life on Earth, and the relative abundances of major carbon species (CO2, CO, and CH4) in the atmosphere exert fundamental controls on planetary climate and biogeochemistry. Here we employed a theoretical model of atmospheric chemistry to investigate diversity in the atmospheric abundances of CO2, CO, and CH4 on Earth-like lifeless planets orbiting Sun-like (F-, G-, and K-type) stars. We focused on the conditions for the formation of a CO-rich atmosphere, which would be favorable for the origin of life. Results demonstrated that elevated atmospheric C

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Tuo, Yong Feng, Yu Ping Wu, Min Huang, et al. "The Surface Plasmon Resonance Absorption of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and its Control." Advanced Materials Research 1118 (July 2015): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1118.160.

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Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a coprecipitation process from a mixed solution consisting of indium chloride and tin chloride. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption was studied under different calcinate atmospheres. The characteristics of the optical properties, especially the absorption of near-infrared (NIR) region was recorded by the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the SPR absorption peak appears at 2500 nm under an oxidizing atmosphere (air) or at 1300 nm under a reducing atmosphere (a gas mixture of Ar and 5 vol% H2) when cal

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Vidotto, A. A., and A. Cleary. "Stellar wind effects on the atmospheres of close-in giants: a possible reduction in escape instead of increased erosion." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 2 (2020): 2417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa852.

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ABSTRACT The atmospheres of highly irradiated exoplanets are observed to undergo hydrodynamic escape. However, due to strong pressures, stellar winds can confine planetary atmospheres, reducing their escape. Here, we investigate under which conditions atmospheric escape of close-in giants could be confined by the large pressure of their host star’s winds. For that, we simulate escape in planets at a range of orbital distances ([0.04, 0.14] au), planetary gravities ([36, 87 per cent] of Jupiter’s gravity), and ages ([1, 6.9] Gyr). For each of these simulations, we calculate the ram pressure of

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8

RYASNAYA, O. I., and P. E. NOR. "LOW-WASTE TECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCING HYDROCARBONS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR." Actual Issues Of Energy 6, no. 1 (2024): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2024-6-1-119-123.

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When using oil resources in one form or another, atmospheric air pollution with hydrocarbons almost always occurs. The tasks of this work included the organization of environmental protection measures at the oil pumping station in the field of atmospheric air protection. To do this, they gave a description of this object, the main type of its activity. In this paper, the possibility of using a system for capturing light fractions of hydrocarbons, which will allow them to be selected and disposed of, is considered. The system works by increasing the pressure in the gas space of the container wi

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9

Jiao, Facun, Xulong Ma, Tao Liu, Chengli Wu, Hanxu Li, and Zhongbing Dong. "Effect of Atmospheres on Transformation of Heavy Metals during Thermal Treatment of MSWI Fly Ash: By Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculation." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010131.

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The vaporization behaviors of eight heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, and Ni) in municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) fly ash during thermal treatment under air atmosphere (21% O2/79% N2), an inert atmosphere (100% N2), and a reducing atmosphere (50% CO/50% N2) were evaluated based on a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation by FactSage 8.1. The results show that the reducing atmosphere promotes the melting of MSWI fly ash, resulting in a more liquid phase than in air or an inert atmosphere. Except for Cd, the formation of liquids can dissolve heavy metals and reduce their vaporiz

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10

Wogan, Nicholas F., David C. Catling, Kevin J. Zahnle, and Roxana Lupu. "Origin-of-life Molecules in the Atmosphere after Big Impacts on the Early Earth." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 9 (2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/aced83.

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Abstract The origin of life on Earth would benefit from a prebiotic atmosphere that produced nitriles, like HCN, which enable ribonucleotide synthesis. However, geochemical evidence suggests that Hadean air was relatively oxidizing with negligible photochemical production of prebiotic molecules. These paradoxes are resolved by iron-rich asteroid impacts that transiently reduced the entire atmosphere, allowing nitriles to form in subsequent photochemistry. Here we investigate impact-generated reducing atmospheres using new time-dependent, coupled atmospheric chemistry and climate models that ac

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11

Moura, Francisco, Alexandre Simões, Carla Riccardi, Maria Zaghete, Jose Varela, and Elson Longo. "Effect of oxidizing and reducing atmospheres on Ba(Ti0.90 Zr0.10)o3:2V ceramics as characterized by piezoresponse force microscopy." Processing and Application of Ceramics 5, no. 3 (2011): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1103139m.

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The effect of annealing atmospheres (Atamb, N2 and O2) on the electrical properties of Ba(Ti0.90Zr0.10 )O3:2V (BZT10:2V) ceramics obtained by the mixed oxide method was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that oxygen vacancies present near Zr and Ti ions reduce ferroelectric properties, especially in samples treated in an ambient atmosphere (Atamb ). BZT10:2V ceramics sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere showed better dielectric behaviour at room temperature with a dielectric permittivity measured at a frequency of 10 kHz equal to 16800 with dielectric loss of

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12

Guo, Jing, Chong He, Mengran Yuan, Feifei Fan, Yuhong Qin, and Jingchong Yan. "Solid Precipitation Behaviors in Coal Slag from Different Primary Phases and Their Effects on Slag Viscosity from Thermochemistry and Experimental." Processes 11, no. 5 (2023): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051522.

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Undesired solid precipitation in coal slag at high temperatures can cause serious blockages, or even the shutdown of coal gasifiers, due to a rapid increase in slag viscosity. In this study, the solid precipitation behaviors of coal slag from different primary phases and under different atmospheres were both experimentally and theoretically investigated. Our results demonstrated that the viscosity of the coal slag in the primary phase of mullite was strongly influenced by the atmosphere at a typical tapping temperature of 1300 °C because of the high content of network formers. The viscosity of

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13

Sonnemann, G. R., and M. Grygalashvyly. "Effective CO<sub>2</sub> lifetime and future CO<sub>2</sub> levels based on fit function." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 9 (2013): 1591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1591-2013.

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Abstract. The estimated global CO2 emission rates and the measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations show that only a certain share of the emitted CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere. For given atmospheric emissions of CO2, the effective lifetime determines its accumulation in the atmosphere and, consequently, its impact on the future global warming. We found that on average the inferred effective lifetime of CO2 decreases as its atmospheric concentration increases, reducing the rate of its accumulation in the atmosphere. We derived a power function that fits the varying lifetimes. Based on this fi

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14

Hendry, George A. F., and R. M. M. Crawford. "Oxygen and environmental stress in plants - an overview." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 102 (1994): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000013932.

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The Galileo satellite during its recent passes close to the Earth recorded a planet with an unusual red-absorbing pigment, a poisonous atmosphere, simultaneously rich in oxygen and in methane, with strong, modulated, narrow-band, radio emissions in the MHz frequencies (Sagan et al. 1993). To an observer visiting the solar system, these features; the photo-oxidisable pigment chlorophyll, abundant atmospheric oxygen, the existence of reducing conditions and intelligent life might well appear self-contradictory. While intelligent life is a recent event, the presence of other forms of life based o

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15

Parveg, A. S. M. Sazzad, Ramin Ordikhani-Seyedlar, Tejasvi Sharma, Scott K. Shaw, and Albert Ratner. "A Recycling Pathway for Rare Earth Metals (REMs) from E-Waste through Co-Gasification with Biomass." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239141.

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This manuscript investigates an improvised gasification process for capturing and recycling rare earth metals (REMs) from consumer and industrial electronic wastes, often termed “e-waste”. The proposed procedure is based on the formation of coalesced and aggregated metal nodules on biochar surfaces through the gasification of e-waste mixed with gasifier feedstocks. A preliminary understanding of metal nodule formation based on different atmospheric conditions (inert, oxidizing, and oxidizing followed by reducing atmospheres) was examined in both pilot-scale gasifier and tube furnace experiment

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16

Trung, Doan Thanh, and John G. Fisher. "Controlled-Atmosphere Sintering of KNbO3." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062131.

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The effect of sintering atmosphere (O2, air, N2, N2-5% H2, and H2) on the densification, grain growth, and structure of KNbO3 was studied. KNbO3 powder was prepared by solid state reaction, and samples were sintered at 1040 °C for 1–10 h. The sample microstructure was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The sample structure was studied using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). H2-sintered samples showed reduced density, whereas other sintering atmospheres did not affect density much. Samples sintered in N2-5% H2 showed abnormal grain growth, whereas sintering in other atmospheres caused sta

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17

Chang, Sung-Sik, S. O. Yoon, and Hye Jeong Park. "Characteristics of SnO2 annealed in reducing atmosphere." Ceramics International 31, no. 3 (2005): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.05.026.

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18

Yates, S. R., J. Gan, S. K. Papiernik, R. Dungan, and D. Wang. "Reducing Fumigant Emissions After Soil Application." Phytopathology® 92, no. 12 (2002): 1344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.12.1344.

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Volatilization and soil transformation are major pathways by which pesticides dissipate from treated agricultural soil. Volatilization is a primary source of unwanted agricultural chemicals in the atmosphere and can significantly affect fumigant efficacy. Volatile pesticides may cause other unique problems; for example, the soil fumigant methyl bromide has been shown to damage stratospheric ozone and will soon be phased out. There is also great concern about the health consequences of inhalation of fumigants by people living in proximity to treated fields. Because replacement fumigants will li

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19

Pantoja Enriquez, J., G. Pérez Hernandez, X. Mathew, et al. "Modification of the Optical and Electrical Properties CdS Films by Annealing in Neutral and Reducing Atmospheres." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1045.

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ABSTRACTCadmium sulfide (CdS) films were deposited onto glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) from a bath containing cadmium acetate, ammonium acetate, thiourea, and ammonium hydroxide. The CdS thin films were annealed in argon (neutral atmosphere) or hydrogen (reducing atmosphere) for 1 h at various temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 °C). The changes in optical and electrical properties of annealed treated CdS thin films were analyzed. The results showed that, the band-gap and resistivity depend on the post-deposition annealing atmosphere and temperatures. Thus, it was foun

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20

Čajová Kantová, Nikola, Michal Holubčík, Juraj Trnka, and Alexander Čaja. "Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different Conditions." Fire 6, no. 3 (2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6030088.

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Agricultural and other residues are promising renewable energy sources. However, they can cause problems in combustion processes. One of these problems is also low ash melting temperatures. Except, the ash melting behavior can be impacted by many factors, such as ash preparation or used atmosphere. This article deals with comparing different atmosphere conditions during measurements of ash melting temperatures of three agricultural pellets: alfalfa, straw, and hay. The first one was oxidizing with compressed air and nitrogen. The second atmosphere was reduced with the air purge, and the last w

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21

Minami, K., and K. Takata. "Atmospheric methane: sources, sinks, and strategies for reducing agricultural emissions." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (1997): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0630.

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Methane (CH4) is one of the most abundant organic gases in the atmosphere. Recently the importance of CH4 as a greenhouse gas has been recognized and studies have been carried out to asses its contribution to global warming. In this paper we show that atmospheric CH4 is produced by a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic processes. Then, we discuss mainly production, consumption and emission of CH4 in paddy fields. Finally, we provide an estimate of the mitigation potential in agricultural systems including rice production, ruminant animals and animal waste.

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22

Pandová, Iveta. "Secondary Ways of Nitrogen Oxides Reduction." Advances in Thermal Processes and Energy Transformation 2, no. 3 (2019): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54570/atpet2019/02/03/0052.

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Nitrogen oxides are combustion pollutants that play an important role in many atmospheric processes that affect climate change, ecosystem stability and population health. Their occurrence is highest in industrial and densely populated areas. Nitrogen oxides undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere, leading to a greenhouse effect and global warming. The paper contains an overview of reactions in which nitrogen oxides are involved in atmosphere, as well as an overview of methods for nitrogen oxides emissions reducing into the environment.

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23

SAWADA, Masamitsu, Tsuneo UETSUKI, Moriya SUZUKI, Junji HAYAKAWA, and Thoru KOMIYAMA. "Estimation on Glass Shaping Mold in Reducing Atmosphere." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 97, no. 1128 (1989): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.97.787.

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24

Nagata, Kunihiro. "Properties of Piezoelectric Ceramics Sintered in Reducing Atmosphere." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 30, Part 1, No. 9B (1991): 2224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.30.2224.

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25

Shukaev, I. L., A. A. Pospelov, and A. A. Gannochenko. "Ordered tetragonal spinel LiMnNbO4 prepared in reducing atmosphere." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 180, no. 8 (2007): 2189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2007.05.020.

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26

MOLOKOVA, Elena I. "Technologies for reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere." XXI century. Technosphere Safety 8, no. 3 (2023): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2023-3-212-227.

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The article provides a brief overview of existing and developing methods for capturing, depositing and using carbon dioxide. These technologies are of interest due to the implementation of the Paris Agreement on greenhouse emission reduction in the environmental legislation of Russia. The article classifies technologies that reduce CO2 in the atmosphere; the classification includes technologies aimed at capturing carbon dioxide directly from the air. Pilot technologies and potential directions for storing captured carbon dioxide are considered. The article shows that there are technological pr

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27

Gao, G. F., X. L. Zhou, Z. Shi, and L. P. Liu. "Study on the kinetics of gas-solid based synergistic reduction of limonite carbon-containing pellets." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 57, no. 2 (2021): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb200510017g.

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The gas-solid-based synergistic reduction of pellets is an innovative and effective method for iron ore smelting. With the development and utilization of iron resources, ore reserves have been greatly depleted; therefore, as a scarce mineral resource, the comprehensive utilization of limonite has become increasingly important. To study the reduction kinetics of pellets in depth, this study used coke and reducing gases (CO and H2) to study the reduction characteristics and changes occurring in carbon-containing limonite pellets. The results showed that the total weight loss percentage of pellet

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28

Chung, Shyan-Lung, Cheng-Yu Hsieh, and Chih-Wei Chang. "Enhancement of thermal conductivity in ceramics obtained from a combustion synthesized AlN powder by microwave sintering and reheating." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 3 (2008): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0094.

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A combustion-synthesized AlN powder was investigated for use as a starting material in obtaining a high thermal conductivity AlN by microwave sintering followed by microwave reheating under a reducing atmosphere. Microwave sintering was found to proceed very quickly so that a density of 99.5% of theoretical with a thermal conductivity of 165 W/mK was achieved after sintering at 1900 °C for 5 min. The thermal conductivity could be improved by prolonging the soaking time, which is attributed to decreases in both oxygen content and secondary phases by evaporation and sublimation of the secondary

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29

Hocko, Marián. "Possibilities of Reducing Exhaust Emissions from Piston Engines by Adding the Bio component FAME to the Fuel." Advances in Thermal Processes and Energy Transformation 7, no. 4 (2024): 59–70. https://doi.org/10.54570/atpet2024/07/04/0059.

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The article solves the current problem of possibilities of reducing the harmful impact of emissions in the exhaust gases of piston engines on the atmosphere. Based on the results of the experimental measurements, the article presents the effect of the addition of FAME biofuel on the reduction of harmful emissions of automotive and aircraft piston engines on atmospheric pollution.

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30

Hashimoto, Takeo, and Shigeko Hatano. "Tire-road noise assessment." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 3 (2023): 5965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0863.

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The powertrain of passenger cars is now in place of an electric motor instead of a conventional reciprocal gasoline engine for reducing carbon dioxide for not to increase atmospheric temperature. By this change, sound emitted from passenger cars are becoming quieter compared with the former stage. And because of this, exterior and interior sound atmosphere are far quieter than before and while running on the road, interior tire-road noise and tire-pattern noise are more significant under quiet atmosphere. So, the treatment of tire-road noise is important for comfortable atmosphere. This paper

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31

Aleksandrov, K. A., N. N. Batalov, Z. R. Kozlova, and V. T. Surikov. "Degradation of matrix electrolyte under Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell environment." Electrochemical Energetics 7, no. 1 (2007): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2007-7-1-21-26.

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The change in phase composition, dispersibility and morphology of ?-, ?- and ?-lithium aluminates, which are the components of molten carbonate fuel cell were investigated after long exposure in Li/KCO3 (62/38 vol.%) eutectic melt under H2, H2 + CO2 (20-mol.%) and 0.33 O2 + 0.67 CO2 atmospheres at 650°C. ?- , ?- , ?- aluminates and their mixtures were found to transform into ?-phase under oxidative atmosphere. Under reducing atmosphere both ?- and ?-phases always coexist. It was also found that degradation processes that is particle enlargement, decrease of specific surface and morphology chan

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Mariano-Nasser, Flávia Aparecida de Carvalho, Cristine Vanz Borges, Juliana Arruda Ramos, et al. "Bioactive compounds and enzymatic activity in minimally processed eggplant packedunderactive modified atmosphere." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 1 (2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p139.

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The study aimed to assess bioactive compounds and polyphenoloxidase activity of minimally processed eggplants stored in different atmospheres. Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.; cv. Ciça) were minimally processed (MP), sanitized and treated with a 2% citric acid solution. They were packed in plastic containers (vacuum) of nylon + transparent polyethylene and submitted to modified atmospheres with the following concentrations of gases: control (atmospheric air), vacuum, 4% O2 + 5% CO2,4% O2 + 6% CO2, 4% O2 + 7% CO2, and 4% O2 + 8% CO2, being stored in a cold chamber (5 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 1% relative

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Padhy, Isha. "REDUCING ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE IN IMAGES CAPTURED THROUGH CCTV IN WAR FIELD AREA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 04 (2022): 1058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14646.

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Atmospheric turbulence caused by chaotic changes in air pressure and velocity will deter Charge Coupled Devices from getting a useful image which limits the capabilities of a surveillance system. The turbulent nature of the atmosphere poses a great problem in many situations. One such area is the Military. With rising conflicts around the world, security through surveillance and reconnaissance has increased. In such a situation, videos or images captured through long range observation systems in sensitive areas across the world need to be clear and without errors. Atmospheric turbulence is mai

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Paschek, Klaus, Thomas K. Henning, Karan Molaverdikhani, et al. "Deep Mantle–Atmosphere Coupling and Carbonaceous Bombardment: Options for Biomolecule Formation on an Oxidized Early Earth." Astrophysical Journal 985, no. 1 (2025): 50. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc39b.

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Abstract Understanding what environmental conditions prevailed on early Earth during the Hadean eon, and how this set the stage for the origins of life, remains a challenge. Geologic processes such as serpentinization and bombardment by chondritic material during the late veneer might have been very active, shaping an atmospheric composition reducing enough to allow efficient photochemical synthesis of HCN, one of the key precursors of prebiotic molecules. HCN can rain out and accumulate in warm little ponds (WLPs), forming prebiotic molecules such as nucleobases and the sugar ribose. These mo

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Sun, Lifeng, Zhengyue Liu, and Maofa Jiang. "Phase Equilibria of CaO-SiO2-La2O3-Nb2O5 System in Reducing Atmosphere." Metals 12, no. 5 (2022): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050768.

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In the current work, the phase equilibria of CaO-SiO2-La2O3-Nb2O5 system at 1200 °C in reducing atmosphere (PO2 = 10−15 atm) was investigated according to the melting separation process for extracting lanthanum and niobium resources from Bayan Obo tailing. High temperature equilibrium experiment, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) were used to determine the compositions of equilibrium phases. According to the experiment results, the phase equilibria of the CaO-SiO2-La2O3-Nb2O5 system in reducing atmosphere were ascertained and the 1200 °C isothermal phas

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Li, Feng Hai, Zhen Zhu Li, Jie Jie Huang, and Yi Tian Fang. "Investigation on the Influencing Factors of Sintering Characteristics of Huolinhe (HLH) Lignite Ashes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3022.

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The sintering temperature of coal ashes plays a great important role in the design and operation of fluidized-bed gasifier. The sintering temperatures (Ts) of Huolinhe lignite (HLH) ashes under different atmospheres and pressures were tested by self-made pressure-difference measuring system. The results show that the Ts under reducing atmosphere (H2, CO or the mixture of 50% CO and H2,volume ratio) are lower than those of under oxidizing atmosphere (O2, CO2, N2). The Ts of HLH ashes decrease with the pressure increase, it changes slightly under low pressure, and decrease clearly under 0.7~1.0

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Feng, Hui, and Rongsheng Xie. "Phosphogypsum pyrolysis with mineralization agent under weak reducing atmosphere." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (July 25, 2019): 052030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/295/5/052030.

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Amelina, L. V., M. M. Biliaiev, and P. B. Mashykhina. "REDUCING AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN ATMOSPHERE AFTER ITS UNPLANNED RELEASE." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 4(70) (September 5, 2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2017/109520.

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Ferus, Martin, Fabio Pietrucci, Antonino Marco Saitta, et al. "Formation of nucleobases in a Miller–Urey reducing atmosphere." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 17 (2017): 4306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700010114.

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The Miller–Urey experiments pioneered modern research on the molecular origins of life, but their actual relevance in this field was later questioned because the gas mixture used in their research is considered too reducing with respect to the most accepted hypotheses for the conditions on primordial Earth. In particular, the production of only amino acids has been taken as evidence of the limited relevance of the results. Here, we report an experimental work, combined with state-of-the-art computational methods, in which both electric discharge and laser-driven plasma impact simulations were

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Kubota, Hiroshi, Ryuji Miyagawa, Takanori Fujiyoshi, Kuniyuki Miyahara, and Masami Onuki. "BaCuO2Single-Crystal Growth on Ceramic Substrate under Reducing Atmosphere." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 33, Part 1, No. 8 (1994): 4604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.4604.

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Naghizadeh, R., F. Golestani-fard, and H. R. Rezaie. "Stability and phase evolution of mullite in reducing atmosphere." Materials Characterization 62, no. 5 (2011): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2011.03.013.

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Wang, Haigang, Penghua Qiu, Shijun Wu, Yun Zhu, Yaoqiang Li, and Guangbo Zhao. "Melting Behavior of Typical Ash Particles in Reducing Atmosphere." Energy & Fuels 26, no. 6 (2012): 3527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef300247y.

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Li, Zhi-Peng, Toshiyuki Mori, Graeme John Auchterlonie, Jin Zou, and John Drennan. "Microstructure evolution of yttria-doped ceria in reducing atmosphere." Renewable Energy 50 (February 2013): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.019.

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Wurr, K., and A. Reller. "Thermochemical reactivity of manganese(IV) oxides in reducing atmosphere." Journal of Thermal Analysis 47, no. 2 (1996): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01983975.

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L., V. AMELINA, M. BILIAIEV M., and B. MASHYKHINA P. "REDUCING AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN ATMOSPHERE AFTER ITS UNPLANNED RELEASE." Science and Transport Progress, no. 4(70) (September 5, 2017): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.15802/stp2017/109520.

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<strong>Purpose.</strong> The aim of this work is development of numerical model, which allows to calculate the efficiency of neutralizer supply for reduction of air pollution in case of unplanned ammonia emission at the territory of ammonia pump station. The numerical model should allow fast calculating, taking into account the meteorological parameters and buildings situated near the source of toxic chemical emission and equipment for neutralizer supply. <strong>Methodology.</strong> The developed model is based on the equation for potential flow and equation of pollutant disp

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Li, Feng Hai, Jie Jie Huang, and Yi Tian Fang. "Transformation Behaviors of Mineral Matter in Lignite Ashes under Reducing Atmosphere." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.676.

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To optimize operational parameters of fluidized-bed lignite gasification technology. Experiments have been conducted with Huolinhe (HLH) and Xiaolongtan (XLT) lignite ashes to investigate the mineral transformation behaviors under reducing atmosphere by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the initial melted parts are primarily result from wustite interacted other minerals under reducing atmosphere. Wustite can react with aluminosilicate minerals to form some low-melting eutectic compounds, and lead to its initial melting temperature 200 °C below the deformation temperature. Mullite

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Serrazina, Ricardo, Luis Pereira, Paula M. Vilarinho, and Ana M. Senos. "Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (2022): 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193415.

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The request for extremely low-temperature and short-time sintering techniques has guided the development of alternative ceramic processing. Atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS) combines the direct use of electric power to packed powders with the engineering of operating atmosphere to allow low-temperature conduction. The AAFS of nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate, K0.5Na0.5NbO3, a lead-free piezoelectric, is of great interest to electronics technology to produce efficient, low-thermal-budget sensors, actuators and piezo harvesters, among others. Not previously studied, the role of diffe

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Williams, John L., and Reed M. Maxwell. "Propagating Subsurface Uncertainty to the Atmosphere Using Fully Coupled Stochastic Simulations." Journal of Hydrometeorology 12, no. 4 (2011): 690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jhm1363.1.

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Abstract Feedbacks between the land surface and the atmosphere, manifested as mass and energy fluxes, are strongly correlated with soil moisture, making soil moisture an important factor in land–atmosphere interactions. It is shown that a reduction of the uncertainty in subsurface properties such as hydraulic conductivity (K) propagates into the atmosphere, resulting in a reduction in uncertainty in land–atmosphere feedbacks that yields more accurate atmospheric predictions. Using the fully coupled groundwater-to-atmosphere model ParFlow-WRF, which couples the hydrologic model ParFlow with the

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Luo, Jing-Jia, Sebastien Masson, Erich Roeckner, Gurvan Madec, and Toshio Yamagata. "Reducing Climatology Bias in an Ocean–Atmosphere CGCM with Improved Coupling Physics." Journal of Climate 18, no. 13 (2005): 2344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3404.1.

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Abstract The cold tongue in the tropical Pacific extends too far west in most current ocean–atmosphere coupled GCMs (CGCMs). This bias also exists in the relatively high-resolution SINTEX-F CGCM despite its remarkable performance of simulating ENSO variations. In terms of the importance of air–sea interactions to the climatology formation in the tropical Pacific, several sensitivity experiments with improved coupling physics have been performed in order to reduce the cold-tongue bias in CGCMs. By allowing for momentum transfer of the ocean surface current to the atmosphere [full coupled simula

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Miller, R. L. "Adjustment to Radiative Forcing in a Simple Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model." Journal of Climate 25, no. 22 (2012): 7802–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00119.1.

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Abstract This study calculates the adjustment to radiative forcing in a simple model of a mixed layer ocean coupled to the overlying atmosphere. One application of the model is to calculate how dust aerosols perturb the temperature of the atmosphere and ocean, which in turn influence tropical cyclone development. Forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is the primary control upon both the atmospheric and ocean temperature anomalies, both at equilibrium and during most of the adjustment to the forcing. Ocean temperature is directly influenced by forcing only at the surface, but is indirectly

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