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Huang, Huidong. "Developing Saturated Fat-reduced Processed Cheese Products." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431089024.
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Boshuck, William H. "Reduced products and strong completeness of regular logic." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61131.
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By analogy with the Makkai duality for first order logic, we develop a duality theory for $ kappa$-exact categories in which the structure on the model categories is that induced by $ kappa$-reduced products. The main theorem, a strong completeness result, states that for any small $ kappa$-exact category $F$, the functor $F { buildrel{e sb F} over longrightarrow} hom({ bf Mod}F,{ bf Sets})$ defined by evaluation is an equivalence of categories, where $hom({ bf Mod}F,{ bf Sets})$ is the category of functors from ${ bf Mod}F$ to Sets which preserve the reduced product structure.
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Arayarat, Pornthip. "Refractory products based on the pore reduced cement technique." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245256.
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The present study was aimed at an investigation of the use of the pore reduced cement (PRC) technique on the fabrication and properties of calcium aluminate-based refractories. Physical and chemical performances were compared with those of conventionally prepared (unpressed) refractory castables. The influence of firing on two types of calcium aluminate cements; (Ciment Fondu and Secar 80), mixed with aggregates such as firebrick and alpha-alumina, were observed. Most of the pressed samples based on Ciment Fondu cracked and melted during firing to 1250oC. Pressed samples based on Secar 80, however, tended to crack less with increased tabular alumina content. An appropriate weight proportion of tabular alumina and Secar 80 was found to be 70 to 30. The physical properties of Secar 80 blended with (i) tabular aluminas (20-μm and 250-μm) only and (ii) round (RMA325) and 250-μm tabular alumina were investigated before and after firing to 1350oC. Pressed tabular alumina mixes containing various percentages of aggregate showed very little change in bulk density (3000 kg/m3) and flexural strength (23 MPa), but after firing, flexural strengths increased considerably as the fine tabular alumina content increased (up to 50 MPa). Microstructural evidence indicated that the interlocking structure occurring from the crystallisation of hexagonal plates of calcium hexaluminate including partial sintering of fine alumina grains could be the origin of the increased strength on firing. Although unpressed samples show similar structures, they are more porous. On firing, unpressed samples tended to expand (0.43 to 0.64%) less than pressed samples (1.32 to 1.71%) because the phase transformation from CA2 to CA6 occurred which in pressed samples leads to expansion whereas in unpressed products, expansion is accommodated within available porosity. Abrasion resistance increases as strength increases. Fracture toughness increases with the coarse tabular alumina content increases. Similar improvements in bulk density and flexural strength are observed when round alumina (~ 44μm) and tabular alumina (250-μm) are blended. The thermal shock resistance of pressed samples was also found to be better than for unpressed samples as shown by the higher relative strength after the test. The chemical durability of unpressed and pressed samples based on the slag test was investigated. Pressed samples resist slag penetration better than the unpressed samples because of the smaller pores and reduced pores connectivity. Otherwise, chemical interaction between cement and slag was similar. In conclusion, refractory products based on the PRC technique have shown considerable improvements in both physical and chemical performance, especially green strengths which are substantially higher than for conventional castables, making them less susceptible to handling damage prior to service, i.e. during transport and installation.
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Malykhina, A. V., G. M. Cherkashina, and O. M. Rassokha. "Research of properties of polyamide products with reduced water." Thesis, ТОВ "ТВОРИ", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/48822.
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Cobb, Caroline. "EVALUATING ORAL, NON-COMBUSTIBLE POTENTIAL REDUCED EXPOSURE PRODUCTS MARKETED TO SMOKERS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1671.
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Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) are marketed to reduce smoking’s harm, despite little information concerning their effects. This study adapts previously reported clinical laboratory methods used to evaluate combustible PREPs to investigate the acute effects of four non-combustible PREPs (Ariva, Camel Snus, Marlboro Snus, Commit nicotine lozenge) relative to own brand cigarettes, sham smoking, and one combustible PREP that delivers no measurable nicotine (Quest). Twenty-eight smokers participated in 7 Latin-squared ordered, 2.5-hr sessions in which each product was administered twice (60-minute inter-administration interval). Sessions differed by product and were separated by > 48 hours. Plasma nicotine, heart rate, expired air carbon monoxide (CO), and subjective effects were assessed. Relative to own brand, non-combustible PREPs decreased nicotine and CO exposure, did not suppress abstinence symptoms fully, and were less acceptable. These short-term clinical laboratory methods are reliable and provide valuable information concerning non-combustible PREPs for smokers.
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Plagens, Owen. "Investigation of combustion products of metal rods in normal and reduced gravity." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/105375/1/Owen_Plagens_Thesis.pdf.
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This research studied the combustion products generated from the burning of metals in high-pressure oxygen. The work revealed the effects of oxygen pressure and gravity level on the products produced. The findings contribute to our understanding of how bulk metals burn, the morphology and size distribution of the products produced and is relevant to applications in terrestrial and space environments of fire safety, forensics, particle generation and fundamental combustion science.
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Ranjith, H. M. P. "Assessment of some properties of calcium-reduced milk and milk products from heat treatment and other processes." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283635.
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Shear, Michael A. "Ultrasonic measurement of thin condensing fluid films." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0910102-141712.
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Yasuba, Hirotaka. "INCREASED RELEASABILITY OF PLATELET PRODUCTS AND REDUCED HEPARIN-INDUCED PLATELET FACTOR 4 RELEASE FROM ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA." Kyoto University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168713.
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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものであるKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
医学博士
甲第4772号
医博第1273号
新制||医||500(附属図書館)
UT51-91-E143
京都大学大学院医学研究科内科系専攻
(主査)教授 三河 春樹, 教授 泉 孝英, 教授 大島 駿作
学位規則第5条第1項該当
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Eckenrode, Joseph Michael. "DEVELOPMENT OF MITHRAMYCIN ANALOGUES WITH IMPROVED EFFICACY AND REDUCED TOXICITY FOR TREATMENT OF ETS-DEPENDENT TUMORS IN EWING SARCOMA AND PROSTATE CANCER." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/107.
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Introduction: Genetic rearrangements in Ewing sarcoma, prostate, and leukemia cells result in activation of oncogenic ETS transcription factor fusions. Mithramycin (MTM) has been identified as an inhibitor of EWS-FLI1 transcription factor, a gene fusion product responsible for oncogenesis in Ewing sarcoma. Despite preclinical success, a phase I/II clinical trial testing MTM therapy in refractory Ewing sarcoma was terminated. Liver and blood toxicities resulted in dose de-escalation and sub-therapeutic exposures. However, the promise of selectively targeting oncogenic ETS transcription factors like EWS-FLI1 prompted us to undertake the discovery of more selective, less toxic analogues of MTM. MTM is a potent inhibitor of ubiquitous SP1 transcription factor, likely inducing non-specific toxicity. In collaboration with two medicinal chemistry groups, two semi-synthetic efforts were implemented to develop novel analogues of MTM. The first effort utilized the biosynthetic product mithramycin SA (MTMSA) to modify C3-side chain. The second effort utilized an oxime linker directly formed on MTM’s C3-side chain (MTM-oxime; MTMox). Here I present the pharmacological assessment of over 75 novel MTM analogues towards selectively targeting oncogenic ETS transcription factors, like EWS-FLI1, over ubiquitous transcription factors, like SP1.
Methods: Novel MTM analogues were evaluated for selective cytotoxicity against ETS fusion-dependent cell lines. Selectively cytotoxic analogues were evaluated for inhibitory effects on several gene promoters in TC-32 reporter cell lines, a Ewing sarcoma cell line dependent on EWS-FLI1, transfected with luciferase reporter vector. Cloned reporter vectors incorporated NR0B1 (EWS-FLI1 binding), β-actin (SP1 binding) and CMV (non-specific) gene promoters. Furthermore, gene (mRNA) and protein expression changes of EWS-FLI1 and SP1, as well as regulated target genes, namely NR0B1, VEGFA and BCL-2 were evaluated with MTM analogue treatments. The MTM analogues with most selective activity in vitro were administered to mice by intravenous bolus dose for pharmacokinetic analysis. The MTM analogues with highest systemic exposure from each semi-synthetic effort, namely MTMSA-Trp-A10 and MTMox-24, were further evaluated. Metabolic stabilities in whole blood, plasma, and tumor cell matrices, and across multiple species were compared with MTM. Moreover, intrinsic hepatic clearances were estimated using mouse liver microsomes. Tumor and liver distributions were estimated in tumor bearing mice. Additionally, the effect of organic anionic transporter polypeptides (OATP) on distribution of MTM was investigated. Maximum tolerated doses were evaluated for lead MTM analogues, having both selective activities in vitro and high systemic exposure, compared to MTM. Complete blood cell counts and plasma alanine aminotransferase activity were measured to evaluate dose-dependent blood and liver toxicities, respectively. ETS fusion-dependent and non-dependent cell lines were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice for efficacy studies. Average tumor volumes and survival were tracked for mice receiving treatment, compared to MTM and vehicle treatment.
Results: Evaluation of MTM analogues from both semi-synthetic efforts revealed that conjugation of MTM C3-side chain with tryptophan (Trp) and/or phenylalanine (Phe) improved selective cytotoxicity against ETS fusion-dependent cell lines. This was highlighted by MTMSA-Trp-A2 (also refer to as MTMSA-Phe-Trp) and MTMSA-Trp-A10 (also refer to as MTMSA-Trp-Trp), with selective indices of 19.1 and 15.6, respectively, compared to MTM (1.5). Similarly, MTMox-23 (also refer to as MTMox-Phe-Trp) and MTMox-20 (also refer to as MTMox-Trp) had selectivity indices of 4.6 and 4.5, respectively. These selectively cytotoxic MTM analogues inhibited EWS-FLI1-mediated transcription 10-fold more effectively than both non-specific CMV-mediated and SP1-mediated (via β-actin promoter) transcription in TC-32 reporter cell lines. Moreover, gene (mRNA) and protein expression of EWS-FLI1 and regulated gene, NR0B1, were inhibited with MTM analogue treatment (GI50, 6-hour) in TC-32 cells. Similarly, SP1 and target genes, VEGFA and BCL-2, gene (mRNA) and protein expressions were also inhibited with MTM analogue treatment (GI50, 6-hour) in TC-32 cells.
Conjugation of Trp and/or Phe to C3-side chain of MTM increased systemic exposure in vivo. Most impressively, the addition of two Trp residues, namely MTMSA-Trp-A10 and MTMox-24 (also refer to as MTMox-Trp-Trp), resulted in systemic exposure increases of 218- and 42-fold, respectively, after intravenous (IV) bolus dose. Metabolically, tryptophan/phenylalanine conjugated MTM analogues are liable to esterase activity on carboxy-methyl functional group. Very rapid de-methylation in biological matrix was observed with MTMox-24, compared to MTMSA-Trp-A10, suggesting a regiospecific effect. However, esterase activity was limited to rodent matrices and demethylation occurred at significantly diminished rates in non-human primate and human plasma. MTM analogues were not susceptible to p450-mediated metabolism, with negligible loss in mouse liver microsome assay compared to verapamil control. MTM (1mg/kg) and MTMox-24 (6mg/kg) were detected in subcutaneously implanted (flank) LL2 tumors and liver homogenates after IV bolus dose. Interestingly, MTMSA-Trp-A10 (2mg/kg) was not. Despite a 3-fold increase in systemic exposure with rifampin oral pretreatment, an OATP inhibitor, exposure of MTM was unaffected in Oatp knockout mouse model. Exposure of MTM in liver tissue was 8.4-fold higher compared to tumor tissue with low tissue clearance. This agrees with the lack of metabolism observed in liver microsomes and may provide a mechanism for clinically observed liver toxicity.
MTMSATrp-A10 had a single maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 0.75mg/kg, compared to 1mg/kg for MTM, administered by IV bolus. In contrast, MTM-oxime analogues (MTMox-20, -23, -24 and -25) had single maximum tolerated doses of 20 – 25mg/kg. These increased tolerances are the result of additive differences in whole blood stability, cytotoxicity and systemic exposure. At a dose of 0.75mg/kg, administered every 3 days, MTMSA-Trp-A10 did not result in an efficacious result in tumor xenograft studies. These studies remain under further investigation, but the result may indicate high plasma protein binding of MTMSA-Trp-A10 and lack of free fraction available within tumor. The most selective MTM-oxime analogue in vitro, MTMox-23, significantly inhibited TC-32 (EWS-FLI1+) tumor xenograft growth (p=0.0025, day 16, one-way ANOVA multiple comparisons test) compared to MTM (p=0.1174, day 16) and extending survival for 17 days out of 48 days on study (p=0.0003, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) single comparison test) with treatment at MTD every 3 days, compared to vehicle. Additionally, the MTM-oxime analogue with highest systemic exposure, MTMox-24, also significantly inhibited TC-32 (EWS-FLI1+) tumor xenograft growth (p=0.0003, day 21, one-way ANOVA multiple comparisons test) compared to MTM (p=0.032, day 21) and extending survival for 12 days out of 37 days on study (p=0.0004, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) single comparison test) with treatment, compared to vehicle.
Conclusion: These studies in whole highlight the importance of exposure (pharmacokinetics; PK), toxicity and efficacy (pharmacodynamics; PD) relationships. The cytotoxicity and high systemic exposure of MTMSA-Trp-A10 directly contributes to its lower tolerated dose. However, despite a similar tolerated dose to MTM, systemic exposure remains 163-fold higher at the MTD. High systemic exposure may be attributed to high plasma protein binding, but also reduces the exposure of free MTMSA-Trp-A10 within the tumor tissue, which drives the efficacious response. In contrast, the less cytotoxic and rapidly de-methylated MTM-oxime analogues allow for 25-fold higher tolerances in mice. This unique metabolism and clearance may prevent exposures required to induced systemic blood and liver toxicities induced by MTM. Moreover, at these highly tolerated doses, the initial systemic exposure at MTD is highest among analogues tested, which resulted in an efficacious response with MTMox-23 and MTMox-24 treatment in tumor xenograft models. It remains to be determined if these PK/PD relationships can be reproduced in additional animal models, including human, without inducing toxicity. Nonetheless, these initial studies in mice demonstrate that a more selective, more tolerated analogue of MTM has potential for clinical success in treating ETS fusion-dependent tumors.
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Santos, Bibiana Alves dos 1982. "Reformulação de produto cárneo fermentado cozido = redução de gordura e sódio." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255085.
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Orientador: Marise Aparecida Rodrigues PollonioDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T20:58:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_BibianaAlvesdos_M.pdf: 679604 bytes, checksum: 8d581230bd1d2104faef357ea63607b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A busca por alimentos com melhores propriedades nutricionais tem levado osegmentode processamento de produtos cárneos a rever suas formulações em relação a alguns componentes que podem aumentar o risco de doenças crônicas, tais como teores de gordura, sal, aditivos, entre outros. No entanto, a reformulação destes produtos deve manter as características de segurança, estabilidade, sabor e demais atributos característicos do produto. As carnes constituem-se em importante fonte de nutrientes importantes, como ácidos graxos, minerais, proteínas e peptídeos bioativos na dieta. Porém, produtos cárneos apresentam grande percentual de gordura saturada e colesterol além do elevado teor de sódio. Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi substituir em 50% o percentual de gordura em produto fermentado cozido (pepperoni) por diferentes níveis de fibra prebiótica (3, 6 e 9% de frutooligossacarídeo ¿ FOS) e avaliar a qualidade global durante 60 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. E substituir em 50 e 75% o teor de NaCl por KCl em pepperoni ao utilizar realçadores de sabor (0,06% glutamato monossódico, 0,06% 5¿ribonucleotídeos- inosinato dissódico e guanilato dissódico) e aminoácidos (1% lisina e 0,075% taurina) com avaliação físico-química, cor, perfil de textura e sensorial. Pepperonis com teor reduzido de gordura adicionado de diferentes níveis de FOS mantiveram as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas, cor, perfil de textura e sensoriais comparadas à formulação controle (sem redução de gordura). Além disso, o frutooligossacarídeo adicionado não foi degradado durante todo o período de vida útil dos produtos. Os pepperonis com redução de cloreto de sódio em 50% foram similares ao produto controle (sem redução de NaCl) em relação a todos os parâmetros avaliados e a redução de sódio foi de 42,80%. No entanto, a redução de 75% NaCl proporcionou alterações na cor e perfil de textura. A aceitação sensorial também foi prejudicada na maioria das formulações estudadas porém a combinação de glutamato monossódico com inosinato dissódico/guanilato dissódico, lisina e taurina resultou em formulações com notas semelhantes à formulação controle. Neste experimento, a redução de sódio foi de 68,10%. Deste modo, o estudo demonstra que a redução de gordura e cloreto e sódio em produto cárneo fermentado cozido é possível e traz benefícios à qualidade nutricional destes produtos
Abstract: The demand for food with improved nutritional properties has led the meat products industry to re-evaluate their formulations. However, the reformulation of these products must preserve the food safety, stability, taste and other functional properties. The meat will constitute an important source of nutrients such as fatty acids, minerals, proteins and bioactive peptides in the diet. On the other hand, meat products have a high content of saturated fat and cholesterol, besides the high sodium content and very low levels of fibers. In this context, the aim of this study was: replace 50% of the total fat in cooked fermented product (pepperoni) by different levels of prebiotic fibre (3, 6 and 9% of fructooligosaccharides - FOS) and to evaluate the overall quality during 60 days of in refrigerated storage. And to replace 50 and 75% of NaCl content by using KCl in the pepperoni using flavor enhancers (06% monosodium glutamate, 06% 5'ribonucleotídeos-inosinate disodium and guanylate disodium) and amino acids (1% lysine and 075% taurine) with physico-chemical evaluation, color, texture profile and sensory analysis compared to a control formulation (no fat reduction). Pepperoni with reduced fat supplemented with different levels of FOS maintain the physico-chemical and microbiological properaties, color, texture profile and sensory characteristics when compared to the control formulation (no fat reduction). Moreover, the fructooligosaccharides were not degraded during the whole store period of the products. Pepperonis with 50% sodium chloride reduction were similar to the control (no reduction of NaCl) for all evaluated parameters, and the sodium reduction was 42.80%. However, the reduction of 75% NaCl resulted in changes in color and texture profile. The sensorial acceptance was also impaired in most of the formulations of this study, although the combination of monosodium glutamate with disodium inosinate / disodium guanylate, lysine and taurine resulted in formulations with a similar score when compare to the control formulation. In this experiment, sodium reduction was 68.10%. Thus, the study demonstrates that reducing fat and sodium chloride in fermented cooked meat products is possible and can bring benefits in the nutritional quality of these products
Mestrado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Clarke-Pringle, Tracy Lee. "Product quality control in reduced dimension spaces." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0034/NQ66260.pdf.
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Hopkinson, Aaron John. "Evaluating the Application of Modularity to Reduce Market Risk in Technology Push Products." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1720.pdf.
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Haratifar, Sanaz. "The stability of electro-reduced milk lipids." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25960/25960.pdf.
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McNutt, Ross Theodore. "Reduced DoD product development time : the role of the schedule development process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58866.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Technology, Management, and Policy Program, February 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 539-544).
According to the Packard Commission, "Unreasonably long acquisition cycles -- ten to fifteen years for major weapon systems is a central problem from which most other acquisition Problems stem." Since the commission issued its report in 1986, the time required to develop new military systems has only grown. This research and its recommendations are intended to identify and eliminate the causes of those long development times for military systems. This report addresses a key factor in determining the development time for military projects: the project's initial schedule. Part 1 outlines the current situation, previous efforts to reduce development time, and experiences with cutting development time in the commercial sector. It also documents the military product development process. Part 2 identifies a key area--the schedule development process, and its impact on development time--for in-depth research. Through understanding what is driving the initial project schedule and the impact of the initial project schedule on the eventual development time, the author identifies key drivers of development time. Part 3 presents the results of three surveys and analyzes the processes used to develop a project's initial schedule, the process used to develop a contracted schedule, and the impact of these schedules on actual development time. Part 4 presents observations, draws conclusions, and makes specific recommendations for remedial action. The key barriers to reducing development time for military systems are the lack of importance placed on project schedules; the lack of effective schedule-based information and tools; the lack of schedule-based incentives; and the overriding impact of the funding-based limitations on defense projects. The steps necessary to establish a focus on reducing development time are: 1) recognizing the impact of development time, 2) providing the necessary information for decision makers, 3) providing proper incentives at each organizational level, and finally providing a structure to effectively managce the set of all development projects to ensure that each project can be funded based on its development related requirements. Implementing the recommendations and focusing on reducing development time will force other changes in the acquisition process. The focus on reducing the time to develop and field systems will drive the acquisition system to better meet the needs of our warfighters, more rapidly, and at lower cost. Better, Faster, and Cheaper. Even more importantly, shortening development times is critical to develop and produce with limited resources, the right weapons at the right time to deter or to defeat any potential enemy at any time with the minimum cost to our warfighters.
by Ross McNutt.
Ph.D.
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Wasserman, Thomas A. "A reduced tensor product of braided fusion categories over a symmetric fusion category." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:58c6aae3-cb0e-4381-821f-f7291ff95657.
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The main goal of this thesis is to construct a tensor product on the 2-category BFC-A of braided fusion categories containing a symmetric fusion category A. We achieve this by introducing the new notion of Z(A)-crossed braided categories. These are categories enriched over the Drinfeld centre Z(A) of the symmetric fusion category. We show that Z(A) admits an additional symmetric tensor structure, which makes it into a 2-fold monoidal category. ByTannaka duality, A= Rep(G) (or Rep(G; w)) for a finite group G (or finite super-group (G,w)). Under this identication Z(A) = VectG[G], the category of G-equivariant vector bundles over G, and we show that the symmetric tensor product corresponds to (a super version of) to the brewise tensor product. We use the additional symmetric tensor product on Z(A) to define the composition in Z(A)-crossed braided categories, whereas the usual tensor product is used for the monoidal structure. We further require this monoidal structure to be braided for the switch map that uses the braiding in Z(A). We show that the 2-category Z(A)-XBF is equivalent to both BFC=A and the 2-category of (super)-G-crossed braided categories. Using the former equivalence, the reduced tensor product on BFC-A is dened in terms of the enriched Cartesian product of Z(A)-enriched categories on Z(A)-XBF. The reduced tensor product obtained in this way has as unit Z(A). It induces a pairing between minimal modular extensions of categories having A as their Mueger centre.
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STEFANINI, NICOLA. "Optimization of Industrial Polymeric Products to Improve Quality and Reduce Environmental Impact." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/428907.
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The present thesis is the result of three years’ collaboration between the University of Camerino and ELANTAS Europe Srl. The strong collaboration between university and companies allows to students like others and me to do research with an industrial approach, facing with the problematics of working life.
The work was carried out among the laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Prof. Enrico Marcantoni at the University of Camerino (Camerino, Italy), the R&D laboratory of ELANTAS Europe in Ascoli Piceno (Italy) and the R&D laboratory of ELANTAS PDG INC in Saint Louis (Missouri, USA).
The thesis concern the environmental impact of some industrial polymeric materials. Polymeric materials are very important in modern society: they have considerable advantages over products of other origins with lower costs with the same performance. Nevertheless, they allow some applications that some years ago would have been unthinkable (microencapsulation, shape memory materials, and many others).
At the same time, environmental impact is a crucial topic strictly linked to polymeric materials (as all others materials), and to the period we are living. The production of such materials is constantly growing, exceeding the production of many others materials, and it is becoming increasingly important to find ways to produce them more efficiently and to recover waste products. The consequences of a production without limitation and control could be catastrophic for the whole world and humankind too.
During my PhD, I worked on three industrial products in order to reduce their environmental impact, keeping their physical properties unchanged.
After a first general introduction on polymeric materials, their uses, and their production, the second chapter concern about improving a recovery process for waste PMMA. The study allowed identifying undesirable by-products formed during the thermal depolymerization of PMMA and removing them in the consequent re-polymerization by an innovative dissolution/re-precipitation method.
The third and fourth chapters deal with two coatings for wires electrical insulation, one based on polyurethanes (PU) and the other on polyesterimides (PEI). With the PU-based one, the target was to reduce the amount of loss material during the application stage and to increase the speed of application in order to reduce the energy consumption of the process. Whereas with the PEI-based enamel the purpose was to synthesized a solvent-free product using a twin-screw extruder and using recycled PET as alternative raw material to form the polyester part. The extruder technology is less energy consuming compare to the batches ones and allows working without solvents, since it can work with high viscosity materials. Moreover, the extruded product, with an additional system, can be potentially applied onto the wire with a higher thickness compare to the respective solventbased product, allowing a greater flow of current along the wire, thus improving the performance of the finished products (i.e. reducing the charging time of electrical motors).
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Schiveley, Steven C. (Steven Charles) 1974. "Reducing the cost of quality (COQ) through increased product reliability and reduced process variability." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34757.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 61).
Today, Dell, Inc. (Dell) spends millions of dollars each year to prevent product defects from reaching the end customer and to manage those product defects that have escaped to the end customer. The cost of the equipment, labor, and materials to prevent and manage product defects is referred to as Dell's Cost Of Quality (COQ). A large percentage of Dell's COQ is spent by warranty-support and customer service organizations (Services). While the costs of defects most directly affects Dell through the expenditures in such Service organizations, the causes of are found predominantly in other organizations, such as Design, Materials, and Manufacturing. Without a causal link which directly ties the costs of quality defects to the causes of quality defects, it is difficult to justify increased quality-improvement expenditures in product design, product validation, component selection, or manufacturing processes. The Cost Of Quality methodology described here is a practical approach to a) quantifying the financial impact of quality defects, b) shifting the problem-solving focus from "find-and-fix" to prevention, and c) prioritizing quality improvement investments based on expected financial return. This methodology aligns well with Dell's focus on financial performance and has provided the foundation for a COQ program which has been adopted by Dell's Executive Office as one of five top cost reduction projects for fiscal years 2005-2007. This paper provides background on the current tools, process, and culture affecting quality at Dell, describes the financial impact of quality on Dell's business, details the evolution of Dell's COQ initiative, and analyzes five possible methods to sustain the COQ effort.
by Steven C. Schiveley.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Ziat, Ghiles. "A combination of abstract interpretation and constraint programming." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS429.
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Nous étudions dans cette thèse une collaboration étroite entre les techniques de l’Interprétation Abstraite et de la Programmation Par Contraintes au sein d’une méthode unifiée de résolution de problèmes de satisfaction de contrainte. Ce travail aborde le problème de la conception de manière générique et modulaire d’un solveur de contraintes basé sur des domaines abstraits qui permettent l’inférence de propriétés spécifiques d’un programme ou d’un système de contraintes. Nous exploitons les atouts des deux domaines pour contourner les restrictions des solveurs de contraintes standards, telles que la spécialisation à un certain type de contraintes ou de variables. Notre travail consiste aussi à concevoir une méthode robuste tenant compte des problématiques liées à l’utilisation de calculs en précision flottante avec une gestion correcte des erreurs d’arrondi. De plus, nous nous intéressons à différentes techniques permettant la construction d’une partition d’un espace de solution qui peut être facilement réutilisée, tant d’un point de vue quantitatif que qualitatif. Notre travail a été concrétisé sous la forme d’une implémentation dans le solveur de contraintes AbSolute et appliqué sur plusieurs exemples. Les expériences que nous avons menées au sein de ce solveur montrent que nos méthodes améliorent l’efficacité du solveur et la qualité de ses résultats par rapport aux métriques que nous avons définiWe investigate in this thesis a tight collaboration between techniques of Abstract Interpretation and Constraint Programming within a unified method of resolution of constraint satisfaction problems. This work addresses the problem of the design in a generic and modular way of a constraint solver based on abstract domains, which capture specific properties of program or constrained variables. We exploit the assets of both fields to bypass the restriction of standard constraint solvers, such as the dedication to a certain type of constraints or variables. Our effort also consists in the design of a robust method, providing soundness properties even in thecontext of floating-point errors. Moreover, we are interested in different techniques allowing the construction of a partition of a solution space that can be easily reused, both from a quantitative and a qualitative point of view. Our work has been concretized in the form of an implementation within the AbSolute constraint solver and applied on several examples. Our experiments show that our methods improve the solver’s efficiency or the quality of the results according to the metrics we have defined
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Meredith, Hazel. "Technologies and systems to control Campylobacter and reduce the microflora on poultry products." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669230.
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Campylobacter is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Ireland and the EU. In Ireland, over 98% of broilers are contaminated with Campylobacter. The objectives of this study were to investigate (I) the efficiency of slaughtering plant level cloacal treatments as a Campylobacter control technology; (2) the impact of dipping/spraying treatments in reducing Campylobacter on fresh and stored poultry carcasses, and to assess related sensory effects; (3) the impact of available chemicals, and application methods on the natural microflora of poultry carcasses; (4) the impact of 7 modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) gas mixtures on Campylobacter, the natural microflora of fresh and stored chicken fillets, and related sensory effects; and (5) the impact of "cook in the pack" and "freezing" technologies in reducing cross contamination in the domestic kitchen. The most effective cloacal treatment was 5% lactic acid (v/v), reducing Campylobacter numbers by 0.66 log CFU cm-2 • The two most effective chemical dipping and spraying methods were 14% (w/v) tri-sodium phosphate and 5% (w/v) citric acid, which reduced Campylobacter by 2.49 and 1.44 log CFU cm-2 respectively. The study established that a MAP mixture of 40:30:30% CO2:N2:02, resulted in a 1.17 loglo CPU per gram Campylobacter reduction and significant (x3) extension of product shelf-life. The study established that cook-in-the-bag technology can significantly reduce cross contamination, while freezing can significantly reduce Campylobacter numbers. In conclusion, the technologies developed and validated in this project offer a suite of control measures to reduce Campylobacter levels within the human population.
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Luo, Xiao. "Food reformulation of baked products as a strategy to reduce added sugar intake." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24134.
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Aims: 1. review the current status of added sugar intake and potential strategies to reduce intakes; 2. review the literature on food reformulation to reduce added sugar content of baked products such as cakes and biscuits, and 3. conduct an experimental study to explore the feasibility of a potential alternative sweetener, D-tagatose, in baked products. Narrative reviews were undertaken to assess the first and second aims. The third aim was achieved by assessing the physicochemical properties of muffins when replacing sucrose with D-tagatose The review on food reformulation addressed the multiple roles of sugar (mainly as sucrose) in baked products including sweetness, bulking, colour and aroma, and that suitable substitutes must be able to address these functions. Various combinations of non-nutritive sweeteners (sucralose, Acesulfame-K, Stevia and monk fruit extract), polyols (maltitol, sorbitol and lactitol) and bulking agents (maltodextrins and polydextrose) have been demonstrated to deliver the functionalities of sucrose and can be used as partial or complete replacement in baked products. The experimental study replacing sucrose with D-tagatose in muffins, found that substitution of 25% of sucrose with D-tagatose had minimal impact on the physicochemical properties tested. Higher levels of sucrose substitution resulted in an inferior product. The reformulation of baked goods is a promising avenue to reduce sugar intake in the population. Although several sugar alternatives have been trailed with some success, more research is needed to explore the synergistic effects of different sweeteners and bulking agents in baked products using standardised and comprehensive assessment methods.
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GUPTA, NITIN. "MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTIVE ANALYTIC MODEL TO REDUCE COST OF QUALITY FOR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18484.
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In today’s world, high quality product are need of the time. The low-quality product
results in the high cost. This can be explained from the quality graph below
1) Prevention cost can be define as the issue/bugs found out before the
deployment/delivered to customer. This cost is initially very low but in the longer
run goes up
2) Failure cost includes cost of losing customers, Root cause analysis and
rectification. This cost is defiantly very huge
Figure 11 : Cost of Quality
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/
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If there can be any mechanism that can help to identify the expected issues in the
prevention cost then the overall all cost of quality can be reduce as shown in below graph
Figure 12 : Modified Cost of Quality
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/
Electronic and Design Automation (EDA) Industry is backbone of Semiconductor
Industry as it provide software tool aiding in the development of Semi-Conductors chips.
EDA tools are from specification to the foundry input.
Below figure shows mapping of Chip design verification and currently available tools
technologies
Modified
prevention cost
Modified
TCQ
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Figure 13 : Tools offered by EDA Industry
Sourced: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_design_automation
Term tape out means the chip out of foundry and ready for use in electronic circuit. Re-
spin means incident post Tape-out chips does not function as required and re-build is
required. Cost of the tape out is minimum 5 million of dollars. Major re-spin reason is
functionality issues, therefore function verification tools delivered by EDA needs to
be always of high quality.
A major problem faced by the Functional verification tool R&D team is to predict the
numbers of the bugs that might have been introduced during the design phase to sign off
the completeness and quality. If these bugs can be predicted, then the COQ can be
reduced. Hence saving million of dollar to company and customer.
Machine learning, a upcoming new discipline, define scientific study of algorithm and
using computing power develop prediction model so that certainty of the task can be
managed.
In this project, prediction model for expected bugs during the development of the
software is designed to help the Product manager to get confidence on quality.
For the data, explanatory research and Interview was conducted with-in the Synopsys.
This project has been successfully adopted with-in the Verification IP group of EDA
leader and is in process to get it implemented in all different Business Units.
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Akkas, Arzum 1978. "Strategies to reduce product waste in the consumer packaged goods industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103546.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-169).
The cost of waste for products such as soft drinks, shelf stable dry food, and dairy in the consumer packaged goods industry is massive, about $15 billion annually in the U.S.A. This thesis focuses on waste associated with product expiration since this type of waste involves both manufacturers and retailers as well as different functional areas such as production, warehousing, sales, procurement, and store operations. As a result, the industry has not made much progress in reducing this type of waste. We study three problems related to product expiration. Chapter 2 presents a descriptive study examining the root causes of product expiration and their impact on expiration. Using econometrics and our collaborator's data, we find that the amount of expiration can be reduced considerably via a case size reduction. We identify the next important opportunities in the areas of inventory aging in the manufacturer's supply chain and sales incentives, and thus the remainder of this thesis focuses on these two areas. Chapter 3 examines the manufacturer's sell-or-dispose decision for aged inventory. We develop an optimization model to find the minimum remaining shelf life below which the manufacturer does not sell the product since the cost of expiration is more than the sunk cost of production. We use machine learning to approximate optimum values which can be used as a low cost alternative method. If supply chain managers are held accountable for the cost of disposed items, they will have an incentive to better manage inventory. As a result, expiration will be reduced. Chapter 4 analyses sales-force compensation schemes from the perspective of product expiration caused by overselling. We develop a game theoretic model of the decision process of the manufacturer and the sales representative. We find a compensation scheme that aligns the interests of the manufacturer and the sales representative preventing overselling while achieving full profit potential for the manufacturer.
by Arzum Akkas.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
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Deeter, Jonathon Michael. "Degradation of Trichloroethene By Radicals Produced By Oxygenation of Various Reduced Iron Minerals." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1598892463038822.
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Řádková, Lucie. "Redukce korozních vrstev mosazi pomocí nízkotlakého nízkoteplotního plazmatu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234528.
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This thesis presents results of the corrosion layers removal which could be found on the archaeological artefact surfaces. The low pressure low temperature plasma reduction was used for this purpose. Brass samples were chosen for this study. Two different ways have been used to form model corrosion layers. Several sets of corrosion layers were prepared in laboratory in two different corrosion atmospheres, namely ammonia atmosphere and atmosphere of hydrochloric acid. These samples were placed into desiccator. Small quantities of sand were added to some sets of samples so samples with sandy incrustation were prepared. The corrosion layers had been usually formed during four weeks. The second way, which was used to prepare model corrosion layer, was the natural corrosion in soil or compost. In this case, the corrosion layers had been formed approximately 2 years. The samples were treated in the low pressure (150 Pa) cylindrical Quartz reactor (90 cm long and 9.5 cm in diameter) with a pair of external copper electrodes connected via the matching network to a radiofrequency generator (13.56 MHz). The flows of working gases were set by independent mass flow controllers. Whole system was continuously pumped by the rotary oil pump which was separated from the discharge reactor by liquid nitrogen trap with aluminium chips eliminating dust and reactive species from the gas flow. Each sample was placed on a glass holder at the reactor center. Plasma was generated in pure hydrogen or in mixture of hydrogen and argon. Total flow of working gas was 50 sccm. Different ratios of gas mixture were tested, the ratio 30 sccm hydrogen and 20 sccm argon flows was the best. RF discharge was used in a continuous and pulsed regime. Pulsed mode was carried out with various duty cycle at the frequency of 1000 Hz. There were two ways of temperature monitoring. The sample temperature during the treatment was monitored by a K-type thermocouple installed inside the sample in the first case. Thermometer optical probe was connected to the sample surface by a small stainless plate and allowed continuous sample temperature monitoring in the second way. Safe object temperature for copper and copper alloys is 100–120 °C. To avoid exceeding this temperature, power control or the duty cycle in pulse mode were automatically controlled if thermometer optical probe was used. Plasma chemical treatment is based on generation of reactive atomic hydrogen in plasma discharge. The main reactions during reduction were reactions between oxygen and chloride contained in the corrosion layer and the hydrogen ions and neutral atoms generated in the plasma. These reactions create an unstable OH radical, which emits light in the region of 306–312 nm. This radiation was detected by the optical emission spectroscopy using Ocean Optics HR4000 spectrometer with 2400 gr/mm grating. Data obtained from this method were used to calculate rotational temperatures and integral intensity of OH radicals that were used for the process monitoring. Corrosion layer was not completely removed during the reduction, but due to the reactions which occur in the plasma corrosion layer became brittle and after plasma chemical treatment can be removed easily. The SEM-EDS material analyses were carried out before and after treatment of some samples. Some samples were analysed by XRD analysis. EDS analysis showed that amount of oxygen and chloride was decreased, mainly at 400 W pulse mode.
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Casamayor, J. L. "How to reduce the environmental impact of LED-based lighting products during the design process." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2015. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/30382/.
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Lighting products are essential in people's daily life. The global lighting market is expected to have over 100 billion euros’ revenue by 2020 (McKinsey & Company 2012), and the introduction of Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology in the lighting sector is leading to a rapid growth of LED-based lighting products. By 2020, it is predicted that the LED-based lighting market share will be almost 70% of the total lighting market (McKinsey & Company 2012). However, lighting products also cause a negative impact on the environment during all the product life cycle stages, especially during the use stage. To date, there are no in-depth studies that have researched how to reduce the environmental impact caused by LED-based lighting products; therefore, research in this area is needed. This research aims to contribute to the body of knowledge in this area by studying the following issues: 1) What the key product-related features are that influence the environmental impact of LED-based lighting products at each product life cycle stage, 2) What design recommendations can contribute to extend the lifespan of LED-based lighting products, 3) What the most effective and efficient method is to assess and compare the environmental impact of LED-based lighting products, and 4) What the most effective and efficient eco-design tools, techniques and methods are to reduce the environmental impact of LED-based lighting products during the design process, and how these can be integrated into an eco-design approach to reduce the environmental impact of LED-based lighting products. The methodological approach followed to gather and analyse the data necessary to understand and answer the issues above mentioned has been based on the utilisation of two research methodologies: 1) Case study research, and 2) Survey. The case study research consisted of the study and critical examination of a real-world eco-design process of an awarded and patented LED-based product designed by the author in collaboration with several manufacturers. The data was collected using direct participatory observation. In addition to this, a survey was also conducted to understand the lifespan and causes of end of life of LED-based lighting products. The data was collected using on-line self-completion close-ended questionnaires. This research contributes to body of knowledge of how to eco-design LED-based lighting products. In particular, it has made the following contributions to knowledge: 1) Identification of key product-related features that influence the environmental impact of LED-based lighting products at each product life cycle stage, 2) Definition of design recommendations to extend the lifespan of LED-based lighting products, 3) Development of a method to assess and compare the environmental impact of LED-based lighting products, and 4) Development of approach to eco-design of LED-based lighting products. These contributions can be utilised to inform product developers' decision-making processes to reduce the environmental impact of this category of products.
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Johansson, Anthon. "How can Atlassian products be modified to reduce the average time usage for common tasks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138981.
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Software tools such as Build systems and project management tools are sometimes notwell designed when it comes to usability. This paper investigates the possibility of creatingcustom solutions for the three Atlassian products Jira, Confluence, and BitBucket, in orderto increase the efficiency when performing common tasks at the Atlassian administration atSaab AB. It was discovered that the main issue was performing reoccurring project-accesspermission audits, which was a very repetitive task with many manual steps involved.The solution to the issue was a Python script that, through the use of the Atlassian RESTAPI, could collect all the necessary information automatically and present it in a readablesummarized view. The amount of manual steps was significantly decreased to just a fewsteps which made a huge difference for the Atlassian administrators at Saab AB.
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Shine, Francis, and Akhildas Mohandas. "Product standardization to reduce lead time to meet customer demand in glulam manufacturing industry." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38870.
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Standardization is Organizing and showcasing a manufacturing firm’s product or potentially benefits abroad are confronted with the choice of whether to institutionalize or adjust their product variants which simply means “one size fits all” method (Lundeteg, 2012). As industrial revolution was in peak many manufacturing industries around the world moved from mass production to mass customization. As per then, customers need was to gain a desirable product even if the lead time was higher than of buying a common product which everyone has.Main aim of the study is to re implement mass production in a firm where mass customization was adopted decades ago. As there are two categories of customers supporting both customized production and mass production, they need to adopt an innovative way without losing both types of customers. This report consist of the ways standardized production was done in the case company without affecting both types of customers and by decreasing lead time which was their main problem. The report consist detailed description of methods adopted for analyzing and how standardized production is effectively incorporated with customized production. Report also consist of quantitative data and qualitative literature support for analyzing and creating simulation model.Case study was also aiming at production systems in the company to understand the productions in deeper manner and how the new system could be effectively implemented in current situation. New proposal for standardized production was done based on the detailed study of factory layout and the products were proposed after detailed analysis of the quantitative data. Study was mainly concentrated on quantitative sales data analysis as the production is done base on make to stock and the customization is just done in cutting section. Analysis and simulation model creation was done in excel as the internal documents were done in excel and complex operations also is possible in excel.
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Raue, Judith Doris. "Recycled organic products to reduce the negative impact of salinity and sodicity on acidic soil properties and plant growth." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/20652/1/Judith_Raue_Thesis.pdf.
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Salt affected soils and their effects on land and water resources have been identified as one of the most severe environmental problems facing Australia. This current study focused on the incorporation of recycled organic products (RO) into an acidic saline soil that had been irrigated with an industrial effluent (IE), specifically to investigate the potential for these organics to be used in rehabilitation. Compost incorporated into the acidic saline soil was able to raise pH to more favourable levels required for plant growth (pH 6 – 7.5). Plant growth was however dependent on the input material of the compost as well as the irrigation scheme. The soils amended with this compost generally showed higher and more rapid microbial activity, measured by CO2 emissions, in all amendment rates than the plant derived compost. Overall it could be concluded that the application of RO on saline soils improved the establishment and growth of plants and alleviated to some degree the negative effects of IE. However great care should be taken at the selection of the input material, as high rates of ammonium, calcium and other soluble salts can increase the EC of an amended soil further.
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Raue, Judith Doris. "Recycled organic products to reduce the negative impact of salinity and sodicity on acidic soil properties and plant growth." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/20652/.
Full textAbstract:
Salt affected soils and their effects on land and water resources have been identified as one of the most severe environmental problems facing Australia. This current study focused on the incorporation of recycled organic products (RO) into an acidic saline soil that had been irrigated with an industrial effluent (IE), specifically to investigate the potential for these organics to be used in rehabilitation. Compost incorporated into the acidic saline soil was able to raise pH to more favourable levels required for plant growth (pH 6 – 7.5). Plant growth was however dependent on the input material of the compost as well as the irrigation scheme. The soils amended with this compost generally showed higher and more rapid microbial activity, measured by CO2 emissions, in all amendment rates than the plant derived compost. Overall it could be concluded that the application of RO on saline soils improved the establishment and growth of plants and alleviated to some degree the negative effects of IE. However great care should be taken at the selection of the input material, as high rates of ammonium, calcium and other soluble salts can increase the EC of an amended soil further.
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Cuellar-Valer, Stephanie, Angie Gongora-Vilca, Ernesto Altamirano-Flores, and Daniel Aderhold. "Application of lean manufacturing in a peruvian clothing company to reduce the amount of non-conforming products." Springer, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655941.
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This article describes how Lean Manufacturing tools were applied in a Peruvian textile company. A production management model is proposed whose goal is to reduce the number of non-conforming products in the pants manufacturing line. For this, all information was gathered from the production area of the company under study. With the use of quality tools, the diagnosis of the current situation of the pants line was made, identifying the most significant defects, which were 19.43% of produced units in 2018. It was determined that the main causes of the observed defects refer to non-standardized sewing processes, quality control errors, non-standardized cutting processes, and poor production planning. The application of VSM and SMED allowed the correct standardization of denim pants production, TQM allowed proper control and quality management of the production process, and JIT for optimal production planning.
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Björkman, Jacob, and Sebastian Wisén. "Investigation of defective products and how to reduce them : A case study at a Scandinavian plastic manufacturer." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48966.
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Purpose – The purpose of the research is to explore how defective parts and products affect the sustainability aspect of manufacturing companies and how defects can be reduced. Method – To reach the purpose of the study, a single case study and literature review have been conducted. The single case study has used an abductive approach throughout the study with the use of quantitative and qualitative data. The different methods to collect the data throughout the study were observations, interviews, questionnaires, and document studies. The empirical data was later analysed with pattern matching against the theoretical framework to reach results. Findings – It is clear that defective parts and products have a negative effect on manufacturers’ sustainability performance. The use of lean methodology and its tools can provide manufacturing companies with accurate information on what defects they have and the causes behind, in order to reduce the number of defects and improve the sustainability aspect. Limitations – The research has been limited to one company and a certain area within its production. The studied area was further narrowed down to only include the closest processes to the machines, hence, processes before and after the area are not covered in this research. Keywords – Defects, Sustainability, Production, Lean, Plastic injection moulding, Process.
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Eriksson, Erik. "The potential for forestry to reduce net CO₂ emissions /." Uppsala : Dept. of Bioenergy, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/2006103.pdf.
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Lee, Do Young. "Moving from Ownership to Leasing: A Design Strategy to Extend Product Life and Reduce Waste." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342715875.
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Nguyen, Van Hieu, Thanh Nghi Nguyen, Quang Vinh Le, Minh Anh Le, Van Hung Nguyen, and Martin Gummert. "Developing densified products to reduce transportation costs and improve the quality of rice straw feedstocks for cattle feeding." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33313.
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Densification of rice straw such as compacting and pelletizing is an important process to increase the density of rice straw resulting in a reduction of transportation cost. Within this research, we conducted a techno-economic investigation of rice straw densification to produce compressed bales and pellets, which are later used for animal feed. In line with the main deliverable of the performance of rice straw compacting and pelletizing processes, we also looked into the quality of the product in terms of uptake and digestibility of the cattle feed which could be improved by adding amendments such as urea during the compacting process. The compacting technology resulted in a 400% increase of bale density (from 94 to 390 kg.m-3). This could reduce transportation costs by about 60% for a 60 km driving distance using trucks. The net profit that resulted from compacted bales was USD 0.0062 kg-1. Although the pelletizing technology increased the cost of the densified product by 40–50%, its density increases by 700%, from 94 to 666 kg.m-3. The enriched-rice straw pellets contained 12.1% protein, 2.8% lipid, 32.7% raw fibre, and 11.2% ash. In addition, a test of this product for cattle feeding illustrated an increase in its eating desirability for cows. Findings from this study contribute to reducing feedstock cost and developing densified rice straw products. These, therefore, provide more alternative options to increase the benefits from rice production and thus, reduce the unsustainable burning of rice straw in the field.Nén ép rơm là quá trình quan trọng và cần thiết để tăng khối lượng thể tích với mục đích giảm chi phí vận chuyển. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã thực hiện nghiên cứu đánh giá tính khả thi về kỹ thuật và kinh tế đối với nội dung nén ép rơm cuộn và ép viên rơm. Cùng với mục đích chính là tăng dung trọng của sản phẩm từ rơm, chúng tôi cũng đánh giá chất lượng sản phẩm làm thức ăn cho bò giúp cho tăng kích thích quá trình tiêu hóa. Kết quả nén ép cuộn rơm đã làm tăng dung trọng của kiện rơm đến 400% (từ 94 đến 398.7 kg.m-3). Qua đó, đã giảm được chi phí vận chuyển 60% được ước tính cho 60 km khoảng cách vận chuyển. Đối với ép viên rơm, dung trọng tăng đến 700% (từ 94 đến 666 kg.m-3). Hàm lượng dinh dưỡng của viên nén hỗn hợp rơm gồm protein (12,1%), chất béo (2,8%), chất xơ (32,7%), và lượng tro tổng (11,2%). Ngoài ra, kết quả thử nghiệm cho bò ăn sản phẩm viên nén này cho thấy bò có cảm giác thích và ăn hết toàn bộ viên nén. Kết quả của nghiên cứu đã góp phần giảm chi phí khi sản xuất thức ăn cho bò, tăng thu nhập cho người nông dân và từ đó giảm tác động môi trường do việc đốt rơm trên đồng.
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Cordeiro, Amábela de Avelar. "Padrão alimentar e consumo domiciliar de produtos com redução de gorduras na área metropolitana de São Paulo\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-06022015-121206/.
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Os guias alimentares orientam o público quanto às práticas alimentares saudáveis. As indústrias de alimentos têm desenvolvido produtos com redução de gorduras (PRG) para atender a demanda que encontra dificuldade em seguir as orientações propostas. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar o padrão alimentar dos domicílios consumidores de PRG. A população foi composta por 2337 domicílios que participaram da POF/FIPE/USP 1998-1999, que estudou uma amostra probabilística da área metropolitana de São Paulo. Foram considerados domicílios consumidores de PRG aqueles que apresentaram consumo de produtos desnatado, semi-desnatado e light com redução de gordura (n=445 19,1%). Foi investigado o perfil demográfico, socioeconômico e de escolaridade. O consumo alimentar domiciliar foi obtido pela média per capita/dia da unidade domiciliar, ajustada para gênero e idade, para 14 grupos de alimentos. A Análise de Componentes Principais foi utilizada para a obtenção do padrão alimentar, a Regressão Logística Múltipla e a Análise Discriminante foram utilizadas para identificar as diferenças entre os grupos. Os domicílios consumidores de PRG apresentaram escolaridade, renda familiar, idade dos integrantes da família, disponibilidade de frutas, hortaliças, produtos industrializados, lipídios de adição e açúcares superiores aos não consumidores. O padrão alimentar dos domicílios consumidores de PRG se caracterizou como \"tradicional\" e entre os não consumidores se caracterizou como \"misto\". Os resultados sugerem que os domicílios consumidores de PRG não apresentam estrutura de alimentar homogênea e o padrão alimentar adotado pode não atender as recomendações nutricionais.The Food Guides orientate the public to healthy practices concerning food. The food industry has developed low-fat products to attend the demand from those who have difficulties to follow the proposed instructions. This work focused on describing the food standard at low-fat consumers\' domiciles. The .population was composed by 2,337 domiciles, which participated in a research - realized by POF/FIPE/USP in 1998-1999 - about a probabilistic sample from a metropolitan area in São Paulo. We considered low-fat consumers\' domiciles; those who presented skim, semi-skim and Light products consumption (#445 19.1 %). Herein, the demographical, socioecohomical and scholarity level profiles, were also investigated. The housing food consumption was obtained by the per capita/day average at the unity of domicile, tailored to gender and age, for 14 aliments groups. The Principal Components Analyze was used to obtain the food standard as the Multiple Logistical Regression and Discriminat Analyse were used to identify the differences among the groups. The housing low-fat consumers presented scholarity level, the revenue, age of the family members, availability of fruit and greens, industrial products, addition of lipids and sugars higher than those who were not consumers. The food standard at the low-fat consumers was characterized as \"traditional\" and among those who were nor consumers it was characterized as \"mix\". The results suggest that the low-fat consumers have not presented a homogeneous food structure and the food standard adopted by then may not consider nutritional recommendations.
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Dutton, Adam. "Examining when and why farming might reduce demand for wildlife products and by extension extractive pressure on wild populations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556474.
Full textAbstract:
Humans have been farming plants and animals for over 10,000 years. Meat, grain, medicinal ingredients, fabrics and cloths can all be produced efficiently and cheaply on farms or synthesised. If there is plentiful supply then why does the wildlife trade continue to threaten populations of our remaining natural environments? Clearly the available products do not present an appropriate substitute for the wild product given their prices, attributes or availability. Farming the desired species is therefore an intuitively neat solution to trade issues facing some species. However, I argue and present data to support that argument, that farming is not a panacea for wildlife trade problems. This thesis begins by outlining a theoretical framework around the impact which farming might have upon the poaching of species from the wild. Once the pre-requisites for a successful farming policy to protect wild populations were identified the thesis began to test these for existing trades. Chapters 2 and 3 quantitatively examine the substitutability of wild and farmed products with data from the Atlantic salmon (Salmo sa/ar) market in the UK and the bear bile (Ursus spp.) markets in China. Chapter 3 examines demand for wildlife derived pharmaceuticals by examining the health seeking behaviour in a dual system of traditional Chinese and western medicines. The fifth chapter estimates the total size of the market for wild bear bile after 3 decades of competition from legal farmed bile. The thesis then tests the assumption that competition from the farmed alternative will significantly diminish the incentive to hunt bears for bile by interviewing rural Cambodians. The last two chapters represent methodological work incidental to the core work of this thesis. A novel method to measuring attitudes was developed (and used in chapter 5) to measure moral attitudes towards bear bile use. Finally a method for measuring the marginal value of small changes in available habitat was developed and published during the course of this thesis.
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Moscoso, Rios Yves Igor, and Zanabria Henry Alcántara. "Propuesta para reducir reclamos en el abastecimiento de repuestos de productos de línea blanca." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1303.
Full textAbstract:
La presente investigación consiste en Proponer una Solución para Reducir los Reclamos en el Abastecimiento de Repuestos de Productos de Línea Blanca.
Para ello, se aplicó principalmente Métodos de Clasificación ABC, Diagramas de Análisis de Actividades, Distribución por Mezcla de Familias, Métodos de Pronósticos de la Demanda, entre otras herramientas de la Ingeniería Industrial.
Finalmente, se concluyó que al mejorar la Productividad del “Picking” (Sacado) y del Embalaje, al mejorar la Identificación y Reconocimiento Visual de los Repuestos y de los Espacios y al realizar una mejor Planificación de la Demanda, un adecuado Control del Inventario, una mejor Planificación del Abastecimiento, se reducirán los Reclamos en el Abastecimiento de Repuestos de productos de línea blanca.
The present research is to propose a solution to Reduce Claims in supply of spare parts Products Appliances.
To do this, we will mainly apply ABC classification methods, diagrams Analysis Activities, Distribution mix of families Methods demand forecast and other tools of industrial engineering.
Finally, it was concluded that by improving the productivity of the "Picking" (Taken) and packaging, improving the identification and Visual Recognition of parts and spaces and improving planning Demand with an adequate control of inventory and with a better supply planning, Claims will be reduced in the Supply of white goods´ spare parts.
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Pettersson, Anna-Lena. "Zero Tolerance Program : A strategic approach to reduce operational cost and improve quality levels." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10015.
Full textAbstract:
For a company to be competitive today, one way is to create a natural feedback loop from the production department to the design department with information regarding the production systems ability to deliver a finished component. The purpose with this feedback loop is to create respect for tolerances and to more design for manufacturing and assembly. The studied company in this thesis work developed a quality program to reach a spiral of continuous improvements to reduce cost of poor quality (CoPQ) and to reach an improved quality level (PPM). The object of this work was to test and improve the quality program called The Zero Tolerance Program. Delimitations were made when the work was started and ongoing which led to that the impact on PPM could not be studied. The connection to CoPQ was difficult to obtain and could only be proved theoretically, not practically, due to the short timetable.
During the short amount of time the right root cause could not be found. The thesis work findings came to a number of identified Measurable Success Criteria and requirements which must be in place for the further progress of The Zero Tolerance Program.
PREPARE
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Lara, Torres Nicolás Antonio. "Inserción y crecimiento de las marcas propias en el mercado del arroz. Análisis en forma reducida." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150551.
Full textAbstract:
Magíster en Economía Aplicada.
Ingeniero Civil IndustrialLos hechos muestran que las marcas propias se han transformado en una tendencia en la industria del retail en las últimas décadas, incorporándose cada vez en más mercados y con mayor penetración dentro de los mismos, constituyendo una estrategia de negocios a nivel mundial. Las razones de dicho auge tienen relación con el valor que éstas poseen tanto de cara al consumidor - productos de menores precios y calidad similar - como a las empresas - mayores márgenes, foco de lealtad y punto de diferenciación de cara a sus competidores-, lo que se ha traducido en la entrada intensiva de marcas propias, y donde el mercado chileno no ha sido la excepción, cuya oferta actual considera la venta de marcas propias en categorías tales como vestuario, electrónica y electrodomésticos, distintas categorías de alimentos y decoración, entre otros. El presente trabajo estudia el impacto de la inserción y crecimiento de las marcas propias en el rubro del arroz en Chile y para dos cadenas de supermercados relevantes dentro de la industria supermercadista. Para lo anterior, se lleva a cabo un análisis en forma reducida y estimaciones lineales, de manera de identificar las consecuencias que las marcas propias hayan provocado debido a su entrada, específicamente en variables tales como las participaciones de mercado, márgenes del retailer, márgenes del proveedor, utilidades del retailer y mix de productos o assortment. Esto, en el contexto de la competencia entre el retailer y los proveedores en la negociación bilateral que estos llevan a cabo por los precios de compra o negociados a los que se tranzan los productos. Los principales resultados obtenidos muestran un crecimiento importante de las marcas propias durante el período de estudio en términos de su participación de mercado, junto con un incremento en las utilidades percibidas por el retailer por la venta de productos de la categoría de arroz tras la inserción de las marcas propias. Sin embargo, también se señala que en torno a los márgenes - del retailer y proveedor -, no existen efectos atribuibles a la entrada de las marcas propias que pudiera significar un incremento en el poder de negociación por parte del retailer. Por último, los resultados también muestran una concentración del mercado, indicando que las marcas propias incrementaron su presencia de mercado a costa de marcas pequeñas, siendo éstas desplazadas, dando lugar a una composición de mercado más concentrada, donde los principales proveedores se vieron favorecidos incrementando tanto sus participaciones de mercado como sus márgenes.
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Bengtsson, Peder. "Apply heat pump systems in commercial household products to reduce environmental impact : How to halve the electricity consumption for a household dishwasher." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48132.
Full textAbstract:
In the household appliance industry, heat pump systems have been used for a long time in refrigerators and freezers to cool food, and the industry has driven the development of small, high-quality, low-price heat pump components. In the last few decades, heat pump systems have been introduced in other household appliances, with the express purpose of reducing electricity consumption. Heat pump tumble dryers have been on the market since 2000 and dominate the market today. A heat pump dishwasher was introduced on the market in 2014 and a heat pump washing machine in 2016. The purpose of adding a heat pump system in these three products was to decrease electricity consumption. Papers I and II used a methodology where transient simulation models were developed and used to increase knowledge about how to decrease electricity consumption for a tumble dryer and a dishwasher by adding a heat pump system. Papers II to V showed that a lower electricity consumption and lower global warming potential together with an energy-efficient drying method, where no humid air evacuates to the kitchen, give a heat pump dishwasher competitive advantages compared to any conventional dishwasher currently on the market. Using simulations, this dissertation concludes that a future commercial heat pump dishwasher, using R600a as a refrigerant, will reduce electricity consumption and total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) by 50% compared to the conventional dishwasher. The willingness from the customer chain to pay extra for this heat pump dishwasher is because of the decreases electricity consumption and the fact that no humid air evacuates to the kitchen. This willingness makes the heat pump dishwasher to a variant which have possibility to succeed on the future market. The challenge for the manufacturer is to develop and produce a high-quality heat pump dishwasher with low electricity consumption, predict future willingness to pay for it, and launch it on the market at the right moment with the right promotion in order to succeed.The competition in the household appliances industry is strong. Manufacturers are continuously trying to develop, produce and sell product functions and features with good profit. To continually develop new features that the customer chain is willing to pay for is a key factor for a manufacturer to survive. In this study has a heat pump system been added as a new feature to a dishwasher. The first heat pump dishwasher was introduced on the market in 2014 and the heat pump system was only used to heat the dishwasher. Comparing that first heat pump dishwasher was a new closed drying method introduced in this study where no humid air evacuates to the kitchen. Experiments and simulations showed that a dishwasher with an added heat pump system can decrease the total electricity consumption by 50% when cleaning and drying the dishware comparing to an on market conventional dishwasher. The willingness from the customer chain to pay extra for this heat pump dishwasher is because of the decreases in electricity consumption and the fact that no humid air evacuates to the kitchen. This willingness makes the heat pump dishwasher to a variant which have possibility to succeed on the future market.
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Sweney, Jill Marie. "Combining Systems Methodologies to Reduce Allergen-Related Food Recalls." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2373.
Full textAbstract:
The risk of poor food safety is a major focus for managers in the food manufacturing industry. Despite industry-led and regulatory efforts to improve the overall food safety of US packaged consumer foods, product recalls and market withdrawals are increasing. This is especially true for the most frequent cause for food recall: the undeclared allergen. With industry trends leaning toward adoption of third-party food safety management certifications, a popular food safety code from the Safe Quality Foods Institute is evaluated using Systems Analysis. Three changes to the food safety code are proposed to address three of the top causes for an allergen-related recall in the United States. In practice, the SQF code should make better use of control theory to reduce delays in production monitoring activities, should make better use of purposeful action in the implementation of a HACCP plan to ensure continuing validity of the plan, and SQFI needs to consider adding an organizational assessment for food safety culture.
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Welihockyj, Nastassja. "Killing two ostriches with one stone : will barriers to SADC trade be reduced as a by-product of exchange control liberalisation within the region?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5675.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Thesis (M.Com. (Economics))--University of Cape Town, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis investigates the effect of exchange controls on trade of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Restrictions on foreign exchange should be adjusted (liberalised to an extent) in order to harmonise policies between members, as an important part of the regional integration plan, which aims at the creation of a Monetary Union by 2018. The first step taken to examine the collateral effect of this on trade involves the construction of a new index, measuring exchange control restrictiveness (ECRI) across SADC countries over the last 10 years, based on the IMF’s Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements (AREAR).
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Izaguirre, Neira Javier Gabino. "Aplicación de herramientas de calidad en una fábrica de refrigeradoras para reducir fallos en el producto final." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5686.
Full textAbstract:
Identifica y propone soluciones para reducir los fallos recurrentes en el período de garantía del producto de una línea de refrigeradoras en usuarios finales utilizando las herramientas básicas de calidad y las metodologías 8D y AMFETrabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Machuca, Vásquez Paola Alexandra, and Olivar Milena Cristina Perea. "Modelo de planificación Lean para reducir las devoluciones de productos termosensibles en una empresa químico-farmacéutica peruana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654629.
Full textAbstract:
El crecimiento de productos sanitarios enviados a través de logística de frío, en los últimos años, ha sido sostenible y significativo. Este incremento trae consigo desafíos orientados a mantener los productos en los rangos de temperatura establecidos y, por lo tanto, mantener su calidad; considerando, además, que gran mayoría de estos afectan directamente la salud de los clientes. Las deficiencias en la gestión de la cadena de frío afectan la rentabilidad de las empresas del sector químico-farmacéutico, debido a las devoluciones ocasionadas por la entrega de productos de baja calidad. En ese contexto, la presente investigación propone una solución que incluye la aplicación de tres herramientas: Jidoka, el sistema de planificación MRP II y la estandarización del trabajo para reducir el nivel de devoluciones. La propuesta se sustenta en la mejora del proceso de embalaje, considerando nuevas políticas de inventario, mecanismos óptimos para la gestión de materiales de embalaje y la actualización del protocolo de trabajo. Luego de la implementación del modelo mediante un piloto, se logró reducir las devoluciones en 41.5% y aumentar la cantidad de órdenes entregadas perfectamente a 95.2%.The growth of sanitary products shipped through cold logistics, in recent years, has been sustainable and significant. This increase brings with it challenges aimed at maintaining the products in the established temperature ranges and, therefore, maintaining their quality; considering, furthermore, that most of them directly affect the health of customers. The deficiencies in the management of the cold chain affect the profitability of the companies in the chemical-pharmaceutical sector, due to the returns caused by the delivery of low-quality products. In this context, this research proposes a solution that includes the application of three tools: Jidoka, the MRP II planning system and the Standardization of Work to reduce the level of returns. The proposal is based on the improvement of the packaging process, by applying new inventory policies, optimal mechanisms for the management of packaging materials and the updating of the work protocol. After the implementation of the model through a pilot test, it was possible to reduce returns by 41.5% and increase the number of perfectly delivered orders to 95.2%.
Trabajo de investigación
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Castillo, Rodriguez Pedro Carlos. "Propuesta de mejora de la gestión de inventarios en una empresa comercializadora mayorista de materiales de construcción para reducir los pedidos no atendidos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1847.
Full textAbstract:
En el presente trabajo de investigación se aborda la problemática identificada en una empresa comercializadora mayorista de materiales de construcción, una inadecuada gestión de inventarios que se refleja en la inexactitud de inventarios, constantes quiebres de stock, productos dañados por las inadecuadas condiciones de almacenamiento y la falta de supervisión. Contar con una correcta gestión de inventarios no solo le permitirá a la empresa evitar el problema que abarca de los pedidos que no vienen siendo atendidos por causa de lo antes mencionado; sino que a la vez le permitirá ahorrar dinero y tiempo, tanto en el aprovisionamiento como en el despacho de productos, incrementando la fidelidad y rentabilidad de la empresa. Es por ello que, con este proyecto, se busca proponer la mejora de la gestión de inventario en la empresa mayorista de materiales de construcción con el fin de reducir los pedidos no atendidos, para lo cual esta investigación propone la aplicación del modelo de reaprovisionamiento de período fijo con inventario de seguridad (modelo P), realizar capacitaciones a los trabajadores, redistribuir el almacén para mejorar la gestión y control de los productos. Al realizar estas propuestas se tiene un Valor Actual Neto de 35 607,56 soles, la tasa interna de retorno es de 44,11%, junto con ello también se analizó que por cada sol invertido en los tres años se obtiene una ganancia de 0,13 soles y la inversión se recupera en 1 año 9 meses con 10 días de la inversión.Tesis
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Lind, Amelia. "3D-simulering : Möjligheten med ett förändrat arbetssätt vid implementering av CLO3D." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26567.
Full textAbstract:
Denna studie undersöker den möjliga förändring som kommer ske när 3D-simulering som arbetssätt får ta en allt större plats i en textil produktframtagningsprocess. Detta genom att besvara om det finns en marknad och ett intresse för ett förändrat arbetssätt. Undersöka vilka för- och nackdelar ett arbetssätt av implementerad 3D har. Samt utforska hur branschens yrkesroller kommer påverkas av detta. Situationen av COVID-19 har påvisat hur sårbar en produktframtagningsprocess på andra sidan jorden är i en global kris och därmed har intresset för ett arbetssätt av 3D ökat. Studien bedrivs med en abduktiv metod av kvalitativa undersökningar i form av fokusgrupp och intervjutillfälle. Rapportens resultat påvisar att marknaden är öppen och angelägen för ett nytt arbetssätt i form av 3D-baserad produktutveckling. COVID-19 har varit en bromskloss för många företag inom textilbranschen vilket har lett till ett ökat intresse och öppenheten för implementeringen av 3D. Efterfrågan och intresset av 3D-kompetens ses även på de utbildningar i programvaran CLO3D som redan från första terminsstart drevs med överfulla klasser. Implementerad 3D ses som det nya och framtida sätt att uppnå en mer effektiv och lättlöpande arbetsprocess.This study examines the possible change that will take place when 3D-simulation will take a major place in a textile product development process. This by answering whether there is a market for a changed way of working. Investigate the advantages and disadvantages of an implemented 3D approach. And explore how the industry's professional roles will be affected by it. COVID-19 has shown how vulnerable a product development process on the other side of the world becomes in a global crisis and because of that the interest of 3D has increased. The study is conducted with an abductive method of qualitative research methods in the form of a focus group and an interview. The report's results show that the market is open for a new way of working in the form of implement 3D. The prevailing pandemic has led to a more open sight for implementing 3D. The demand and interest in 3D-competence has also been seen in the course of CLO3D software that from the first semester start with overfull classes. Implemented 3D is seen as the new way to achieve a more efficient and flexible work process.
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Guo, Yi 1977. "Quebec hog producers' willingness to accept carbon credit revenue for adopting management practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112628.
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Canada's commitment to the Kyoto Protocol provides agricultural producers with an opportunity to supply carbon offset credits to a domestic carbon market and receive revenue from the sale of these credits. This study employed the multiple bounded discrete choice method to estimate Quebec hog producers' willingness to accept compensation to adopt two management practices that reduce carbon emissions; i.e. reduced protein feeding and adopting a manure storage cover. The average willingness to accept compensation for reduced protein feeding was $46.71 per tonne of CO2 equivalent and for the manure storage cover was $40.40 per tonne of CO2 equivalent. In addition, hog producers were asked what cost they would be willing to bear if they received $20 per animal unit in carbon offset credit revenue. The average cost they were willing to bear was $11.88. Key factors that influenced producers' decisions were identified. Results can be used to improve the institutional rules and public policy associated with developing a domestic carbon emission trading mechanism. Starting-point and sequencing bias were tested for with the convolution approach. Starting-point bias was found in all the hypothetical situations; while sequencing bias was not found.
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Solari, Bascur Ignacio Andrés. "Rediseño de procesos para reducir costos mediante la disminución de los niveles de inventario de maderas Arauco S.A." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149125.
Full textAbstract:
Ingeniero Civil IndustrialEl presente trabajo expone en detalle el desarrollo de un rediseño de procesos para reducir los costos de la empresa Maderas Arauco S.A. mediante la disminución de los niveles de inventario. Maderas Arauco S.A. pertenece al sector industrial de la Madera Aserrada, sector industrial que ha experimentado una gran recuperación luego de la crisis Subprime en los Estados Unidos que afecto fuertemente al sector en el año 2009. Sumado a lo anterior, la empresa ha ido aumentando su capacidad productiva y esto se ve reflejado con la adquisición del 50% de una fábrica de tableros en España, aumentando en 1,45 millones de m3 su producción de tableros MDF. Dado esto es que se hace imperante mantener un nivel de inventario óptimo de manera de evitar sobre costos derivados de este, ya que, si se analiza la línea de productos MDP de la empresa para los mercados de Chile, Perú, Colombia y México, esta presenta costos de más de 4 millones de dólares solo por concepto de sobre stock. Para llevar a cabo este rediseño, se realizará una investigación bibliográfica enfocada en la gestión de operaciones, específicamente en los sistemas de administración de inventario y rediseños de procesos. Posteriormente, se cuantificará los costos asociados al sobre stock que posee la empresa, contrastando el stock optimo que deberían tener versus el real. A continuación, se realizará un levantamiento de procesos de la situación actual, específicamente de aquellos procesos que están relacionados con la administración de inventarios a modo de poder diagnosticar las posibles falencias y causas que provoquen esos altos niveles de stock. Luego, se rediseñarán aquellos procesos que permiten reducir los niveles de inventario sin disminuir los niveles de servicio existentes para las oficinas comerciales que posee la empresa en Chile, Perú, Colombia y México. Finalmente, se realizará una evaluación económica del impacto que tendrá este rediseño de procesos, si efectivamente se reducen los niveles de inventario sin perjudicar los niveles de servicio y los ahorros en términos monetarios que puede tener para la empresa. El resultado de este trabajo se traduce en un rediseño de procesos enfocado en aquellos que tienen relación con la varianza de la oferta, logrando reducir los lead time de los productos, reducir los niveles de inventario anual de la empresa para las líneas de MDP y MDF en 86.925 m3, lo que se traduce en una reducción de costos por un total de USD $1.907.603.
21/11/2022
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Miková, Petra. "Plazmochemické odstraňování korozních vrstev bronzu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402109.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deal with applying low-pressure low-temperature plasma to corrosion products layers on bronze. Layers of corrosion products on samples were artificially prepared. As a result, they had the same composition and could be irreversibly destroyed during experiments, which would not be possible with real archeological artifacts. Bronze, copper and tin alloy, samples were cut with respect to the size of the plasma-chemical device. XRF was used to determine the bronze composition. Before being corroded by the active medium, each sample was washed with ethanol and dried with a hot air stream. Until now, the procedure was the same for all samples. During formation of corrosion products layers, two factors have to be taken into account: the time consumption and the corrosiveness of the active environment. By focusing on one or the other factor, several groups of samples with differently degraded surfaces were created. The fastest way was to place samples in a corrosion chamber where sodium chloride solution was applied at the elevated temperature. The samples were corroded within a few days there. Longer, but in terms of corrosion products layers compactness better way proved procedure where the samples were sealed in the desiccator. At the desiccator bottom the Petri dish with an inorganic acid was placed, in our case, with hydrochloric acid inside. This method corroded the samples within one month. The longest but the most closed to the real live method was the burial of samples into soil or compost. However, this method corroded the samples within two years. Final step after the samples were removed from any corrosive environment, were dried under low pressure and were placed in a barrier film made bag together with moisture and oxygen absorbers. So prepared samples with layers of corrosion products have been treated in a low-pressure low-temperature plasma. Treatment was carried out in the apparatus which is based on the reactor: cylinder of quartz glass having a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 900 mm. The reactor was supplied with a working gas or a mixture of working gases with a total flow rate of 50 sccm. In our case, one is pure hydrogen or a combination with argon. A rotary oil pump was used to provide vacuum. The reactor base pressure was 10 Pa before treatment, while during the treatment it was 150 Pa. High-frequency generator (13.54 MHz) was used for supply the system with energy through two copper electrodes located outside the reactor. According to the energy delivery method, the treatment was carried out in a continuous or pulse mode. The sample temperature was monitored during the experiment and were evaluated the emission spectra from OES. The sample temperature was one of the key factors. The measurement was first done with a thermocouple, later switched to a thermocouple with optical data transmission. A safe temperature was set and then the whole process was controlled through it. In addition, the effect of the energy delivery method, value of the delivered power, sample size, presence of incrusted layers and composition of working gas were studied. After application of plasma, samples were analyzed by SEM – EDX and XRD. After the evaluation of the acquired knowledge and experience, a real artifact - a bronze chisel from the site of Boskovice - was treated. This documentation lacked the artifact, so it could be used to verify the lessons learned about plasma chemical reduction.