Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reduced products

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Reduced products'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Reduced products"

1

Kennedy, Juliette, and Saharon Shelah. "On regular reduced products." Journal of Symbolic Logic 67, no. 3 (September 2002): 1169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1190150156.

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AbstractAssume (ℵ0, ℵ1) → (λ, λ+). Assume M is a model of a first order theory T of cardinality at most λ+ in a language of cardinality ≤ λ. Let N be a model with the same language. Let Δ be a set of first order formulas in and let D be a regular filter on λ. Then M is Δ-embeddable into the reduced power Nλ/D, provided that every Δ-existential formula true in M is true also in N. We obtain the following corollary: for M as above and D a regular ultrafilter over λ, Mλ/D is λ++-universal. Our second result is as follows: For i < μ let Mi, and Ni, be elementarily equivalent models of a language which has cardinality ≤ λ. Suppose D is a regular filter on λ and (ℵ0, ℵ1) → (λ, λ+) holds. We show that then the second player has a winning strategy in the Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé game of length λ+ on ΠiMi/D and ΠiNi/D. This yields the following corollary: Assume GCH and λ regular (or just (ℵ0, ℵ1) → (λ, λ+) and 2λ = λ+. For L, Mi and Ni be as above, if D is a regular filter on λ, then ΠiMi/D ≅ ΠiNi/D.
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Kadar, Janos G. "Leukocyte-reduced blood products." Current Opinion in Hematology 5, no. 6 (November 1998): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00062752-199811000-00005.

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Hyttinen, Tapani. "On?-complete reduced products." Archive for Mathematical Logic 31, no. 3 (May 1992): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01269947.

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Thornalley, P. K. "Esterification of reduced glutathione." Biochemical Journal 275, no. 2 (April 15, 1991): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2750535.

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GSH monoethyl ester [gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl(ethyl glycinate)] may be used to supplement cellular pools of GSH in vitro and in vivo. The compound was prepared by esterification of GSH in anhydrous ethanol with HCl as the catalyst. However, a full analysis of products from the esterification of GSH revealed the formation of minor products: gamma-L-(ethyl glutamyl)-L-cysteinylglycine, i.e. an isomeric monoester, gamma-L-(ethyl glutamyl)-L-cysteinyl(ethyl glycinate), i.e. GSH diethyl ester, and N-(3-amino-2,6-dioxopiperazino)-L-cysteinyl(ethyl glycinate), i.e. an acid-catalysed cyclization product. These compounds were separated and purified by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. Esterification of GSH produces mainly the glycyl monoester with minor products of gamma-glutamyl ester, diester and the cyclization product. Only analytical reverse-phase h.p.l.c. of the compounds was found to resolve these products.
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Kennedy, Juliette Cara, and Saharon Shelah. "More on regular reduced products." Journal of Symbolic Logic 69, no. 4 (December 2004): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1102022222.

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Abstract.The authors show, by means of a finitary version of the combinatorial principle of [7]. the consistency of the failure, relative to the consistency of supercompact cardinals, of the following: for all regular filters D on a cardinal λ. if Mi and Ni are elementarily equivalent models of a language of size ≤ λ, then the second player has a winning strategy in the Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé game of length λ+ on ΠiMi/D and ΠiNi/D. If in addition 2λ = λ+ and i < λ implies |Mi| + |Ni| ≤ λ+ this means that the ultrapowers are isomorphic. This settles negatively conjecture 18 in [2].
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Jenner, M., P. Jipsen, P. Ouwehand, and H. Rose. "ABSOLUTE RETRACTS AS REDUCED PRODUCTS." Quaestiones Mathematicae 24, no. 2 (June 2001): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16073606.2001.9639200.

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Göbel, Rüdiger, and Saharon Shelah. "How rigid are reduced products?" Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 202, no. 1-3 (November 2005): 230–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2005.02.002.

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Melnikova, E. I., and E. V. Bogdanova. "Milk-containing products with reduced antigenicity." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-4-142-147.

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Whey containing more than 50% of milk solids can be attributed to an insufficiently demanded raw material of the dairy industry. The restriction of its usage for food purposes is the high residual antigenicity of whey proteins. This work aimed to justify the possibility of using milk-containing products with whey protein hydrolysate, characterized by reduced residual antigenicity, in healthy and dietary diets. Experimental work was carried out at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Dairy Industry, the Animal-Derived Food Technology department and the Core Facilities Centre "Control and Management of Energy-efficient Projects" at the FSBEI HE VSUET. Compositions were developed for a sports nutrition drink made from whey protein hydrolysate with the addition of fructose, and a milk-containing drink with the replacement of 30% skimmed milk necessary for standardization with whey protein hydrolysate. The chemical composition, physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the finished products were established. The reduction of the true protein content was proven to 1.33% for a sports nutrition drink and to 1.69% for a milk-containing drink. Peptides and proteins in the finished products have a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa, which indicates a decrease in their potential antigenicity. The developed beverages are characterized by a high content of biologically active peptides, macro- and microelements, as well as vitamins. Their quality and safety indicators meet the requirements of the TR CU 033/2013. These products can be used as part of dietary diets for people who are allergic to cow's milk proteins. The organization of their production will contribute to import substitution in the segment of low-allergenic dairy products.
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Pisier, Gilles. "Strong convergence for reduced free products." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 19, no. 02 (June 2016): 1650008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025716500089.

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Using an inequality due to Ricard and Xu, we give a different proof of Paul Skoufranis’s recent result showing that the strong convergence of possibly non-commutative random variables [Formula: see text] is stable under reduced free product with a fixed non-commutative random variable [Formula: see text]. In fact we obtain a more general fact: assuming that the families [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are ∗-free as well as their limits (in moments) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the strong convergences [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] imply that of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Phrased in more striking language: the reduced free product is “continuous” with respect to strong convergence. The analogue for weak convergence (i.e. convergence of all moments) is obvious. Our approach extends to the amalgamated free product, left open by Skoufranis.
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Pokutta, Sebastian, and Lutz Strüngmann. "The Chase radical and reduced products." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 211, no. 2 (November 2007): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2007.02.007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reduced products"

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Huang, Huidong. "Developing Saturated Fat-reduced Processed Cheese Products." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431089024.

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Boshuck, William H. "Reduced products and strong completeness of regular logic." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61131.

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By analogy with the Makkai duality for first order logic, we develop a duality theory for $ kappa$-exact categories in which the structure on the model categories is that induced by $ kappa$-reduced products. The main theorem, a strong completeness result, states that for any small $ kappa$-exact category $F$, the functor $F { buildrel{e sb F} over longrightarrow} hom({ bf Mod}F,{ bf Sets})$ defined by evaluation is an equivalence of categories, where $hom({ bf Mod}F,{ bf Sets})$ is the category of functors from ${ bf Mod}F$ to Sets which preserve the reduced product structure.
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Arayarat, Pornthip. "Refractory products based on the pore reduced cement technique." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245256.

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The present study was aimed at an investigation of the use of the pore reduced cement (PRC) technique on the fabrication and properties of calcium aluminate-based refractories. Physical and chemical performances were compared with those of conventionally prepared (unpressed) refractory castables. The influence of firing on two types of calcium aluminate cements; (Ciment Fondu and Secar 80), mixed with aggregates such as firebrick and alpha-alumina, were observed. Most of the pressed samples based on Ciment Fondu cracked and melted during firing to 1250oC. Pressed samples based on Secar 80, however, tended to crack less with increased tabular alumina content. An appropriate weight proportion of tabular alumina and Secar 80 was found to be 70 to 30. The physical properties of Secar 80 blended with (i) tabular aluminas (20-μm and 250-μm) only and (ii) round (RMA325) and 250-μm tabular alumina were investigated before and after firing to 1350oC. Pressed tabular alumina mixes containing various percentages of aggregate showed very little change in bulk density (3000 kg/m3) and flexural strength (23 MPa), but after firing, flexural strengths increased considerably as the fine tabular alumina content increased (up to 50 MPa). Microstructural evidence indicated that the interlocking structure occurring from the crystallisation of hexagonal plates of calcium hexaluminate including partial sintering of fine alumina grains could be the origin of the increased strength on firing. Although unpressed samples show similar structures, they are more porous. On firing, unpressed samples tended to expand (0.43 to 0.64%) less than pressed samples (1.32 to 1.71%) because the phase transformation from CA2 to CA6 occurred which in pressed samples leads to expansion whereas in unpressed products, expansion is accommodated within available porosity. Abrasion resistance increases as strength increases. Fracture toughness increases with the coarse tabular alumina content increases. Similar improvements in bulk density and flexural strength are observed when round alumina (~ 44μm) and tabular alumina (250-μm) are blended. The thermal shock resistance of pressed samples was also found to be better than for unpressed samples as shown by the higher relative strength after the test. The chemical durability of unpressed and pressed samples based on the slag test was investigated. Pressed samples resist slag penetration better than the unpressed samples because of the smaller pores and reduced pores connectivity. Otherwise, chemical interaction between cement and slag was similar. In conclusion, refractory products based on the PRC technique have shown considerable improvements in both physical and chemical performance, especially green strengths which are substantially higher than for conventional castables, making them less susceptible to handling damage prior to service, i.e. during transport and installation.
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Malykhina, A. V., G. M. Cherkashina, and O. M. Rassokha. "Research of properties of polyamide products with reduced water." Thesis, ТОВ "ТВОРИ", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/48822.

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Cobb, Caroline. "EVALUATING ORAL, NON-COMBUSTIBLE POTENTIAL REDUCED EXPOSURE PRODUCTS MARKETED TO SMOKERS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1671.

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Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) are marketed to reduce smoking’s harm, despite little information concerning their effects. This study adapts previously reported clinical laboratory methods used to evaluate combustible PREPs to investigate the acute effects of four non-combustible PREPs (Ariva, Camel Snus, Marlboro Snus, Commit nicotine lozenge) relative to own brand cigarettes, sham smoking, and one combustible PREP that delivers no measurable nicotine (Quest). Twenty-eight smokers participated in 7 Latin-squared ordered, 2.5-hr sessions in which each product was administered twice (60-minute inter-administration interval). Sessions differed by product and were separated by > 48 hours. Plasma nicotine, heart rate, expired air carbon monoxide (CO), and subjective effects were assessed. Relative to own brand, non-combustible PREPs decreased nicotine and CO exposure, did not suppress abstinence symptoms fully, and were less acceptable. These short-term clinical laboratory methods are reliable and provide valuable information concerning non-combustible PREPs for smokers.
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Plagens, Owen. "Investigation of combustion products of metal rods in normal and reduced gravity." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/105375/1/Owen_Plagens_Thesis.pdf.

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This research studied the combustion products generated from the burning of metals in high-pressure oxygen. The work revealed the effects of oxygen pressure and gravity level on the products produced. The findings contribute to our understanding of how bulk metals burn, the morphology and size distribution of the products produced and is relevant to applications in terrestrial and space environments of fire safety, forensics, particle generation and fundamental combustion science.
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Ranjith, H. M. P. "Assessment of some properties of calcium-reduced milk and milk products from heat treatment and other processes." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283635.

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Shear, Michael A. "Ultrasonic measurement of thin condensing fluid films." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0910102-141712.

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Yasuba, Hirotaka. "INCREASED RELEASABILITY OF PLATELET PRODUCTS AND REDUCED HEPARIN-INDUCED PLATELET FACTOR 4 RELEASE FROM ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA." Kyoto University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168713.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
医学博士
甲第4772号
医博第1273号
新制||医||500(附属図書館)
UT51-91-E143
京都大学大学院医学研究科内科系専攻
(主査)教授 三河 春樹, 教授 泉 孝英, 教授 大島 駿作
学位規則第5条第1項該当
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Eckenrode, Joseph Michael. "DEVELOPMENT OF MITHRAMYCIN ANALOGUES WITH IMPROVED EFFICACY AND REDUCED TOXICITY FOR TREATMENT OF ETS-DEPENDENT TUMORS IN EWING SARCOMA AND PROSTATE CANCER." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/107.

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Introduction: Genetic rearrangements in Ewing sarcoma, prostate, and leukemia cells result in activation of oncogenic ETS transcription factor fusions. Mithramycin (MTM) has been identified as an inhibitor of EWS-FLI1 transcription factor, a gene fusion product responsible for oncogenesis in Ewing sarcoma. Despite preclinical success, a phase I/II clinical trial testing MTM therapy in refractory Ewing sarcoma was terminated. Liver and blood toxicities resulted in dose de-escalation and sub-therapeutic exposures. However, the promise of selectively targeting oncogenic ETS transcription factors like EWS-FLI1 prompted us to undertake the discovery of more selective, less toxic analogues of MTM. MTM is a potent inhibitor of ubiquitous SP1 transcription factor, likely inducing non-specific toxicity. In collaboration with two medicinal chemistry groups, two semi-synthetic efforts were implemented to develop novel analogues of MTM. The first effort utilized the biosynthetic product mithramycin SA (MTMSA) to modify C3-side chain. The second effort utilized an oxime linker directly formed on MTM’s C3-side chain (MTM-oxime; MTMox). Here I present the pharmacological assessment of over 75 novel MTM analogues towards selectively targeting oncogenic ETS transcription factors, like EWS-FLI1, over ubiquitous transcription factors, like SP1. Methods: Novel MTM analogues were evaluated for selective cytotoxicity against ETS fusion-dependent cell lines. Selectively cytotoxic analogues were evaluated for inhibitory effects on several gene promoters in TC-32 reporter cell lines, a Ewing sarcoma cell line dependent on EWS-FLI1, transfected with luciferase reporter vector. Cloned reporter vectors incorporated NR0B1 (EWS-FLI1 binding), β-actin (SP1 binding) and CMV (non-specific) gene promoters. Furthermore, gene (mRNA) and protein expression changes of EWS-FLI1 and SP1, as well as regulated target genes, namely NR0B1, VEGFA and BCL-2 were evaluated with MTM analogue treatments. The MTM analogues with most selective activity in vitro were administered to mice by intravenous bolus dose for pharmacokinetic analysis. The MTM analogues with highest systemic exposure from each semi-synthetic effort, namely MTMSA-Trp-A10 and MTMox-24, were further evaluated. Metabolic stabilities in whole blood, plasma, and tumor cell matrices, and across multiple species were compared with MTM. Moreover, intrinsic hepatic clearances were estimated using mouse liver microsomes. Tumor and liver distributions were estimated in tumor bearing mice. Additionally, the effect of organic anionic transporter polypeptides (OATP) on distribution of MTM was investigated. Maximum tolerated doses were evaluated for lead MTM analogues, having both selective activities in vitro and high systemic exposure, compared to MTM. Complete blood cell counts and plasma alanine aminotransferase activity were measured to evaluate dose-dependent blood and liver toxicities, respectively. ETS fusion-dependent and non-dependent cell lines were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice for efficacy studies. Average tumor volumes and survival were tracked for mice receiving treatment, compared to MTM and vehicle treatment. Results: Evaluation of MTM analogues from both semi-synthetic efforts revealed that conjugation of MTM C3-side chain with tryptophan (Trp) and/or phenylalanine (Phe) improved selective cytotoxicity against ETS fusion-dependent cell lines. This was highlighted by MTMSA-Trp-A2 (also refer to as MTMSA-Phe-Trp) and MTMSA-Trp-A10 (also refer to as MTMSA-Trp-Trp), with selective indices of 19.1 and 15.6, respectively, compared to MTM (1.5). Similarly, MTMox-23 (also refer to as MTMox-Phe-Trp) and MTMox-20 (also refer to as MTMox-Trp) had selectivity indices of 4.6 and 4.5, respectively. These selectively cytotoxic MTM analogues inhibited EWS-FLI1-mediated transcription 10-fold more effectively than both non-specific CMV-mediated and SP1-mediated (via β-actin promoter) transcription in TC-32 reporter cell lines. Moreover, gene (mRNA) and protein expression of EWS-FLI1 and regulated gene, NR0B1, were inhibited with MTM analogue treatment (GI50, 6-hour) in TC-32 cells. Similarly, SP1 and target genes, VEGFA and BCL-2, gene (mRNA) and protein expressions were also inhibited with MTM analogue treatment (GI50, 6-hour) in TC-32 cells. Conjugation of Trp and/or Phe to C3-side chain of MTM increased systemic exposure in vivo. Most impressively, the addition of two Trp residues, namely MTMSA-Trp-A10 and MTMox-24 (also refer to as MTMox-Trp-Trp), resulted in systemic exposure increases of 218- and 42-fold, respectively, after intravenous (IV) bolus dose. Metabolically, tryptophan/phenylalanine conjugated MTM analogues are liable to esterase activity on carboxy-methyl functional group. Very rapid de-methylation in biological matrix was observed with MTMox-24, compared to MTMSA-Trp-A10, suggesting a regiospecific effect. However, esterase activity was limited to rodent matrices and demethylation occurred at significantly diminished rates in non-human primate and human plasma. MTM analogues were not susceptible to p450-mediated metabolism, with negligible loss in mouse liver microsome assay compared to verapamil control. MTM (1mg/kg) and MTMox-24 (6mg/kg) were detected in subcutaneously implanted (flank) LL2 tumors and liver homogenates after IV bolus dose. Interestingly, MTMSA-Trp-A10 (2mg/kg) was not. Despite a 3-fold increase in systemic exposure with rifampin oral pretreatment, an OATP inhibitor, exposure of MTM was unaffected in Oatp knockout mouse model. Exposure of MTM in liver tissue was 8.4-fold higher compared to tumor tissue with low tissue clearance. This agrees with the lack of metabolism observed in liver microsomes and may provide a mechanism for clinically observed liver toxicity. MTMSATrp-A10 had a single maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 0.75mg/kg, compared to 1mg/kg for MTM, administered by IV bolus. In contrast, MTM-oxime analogues (MTMox-20, -23, -24 and -25) had single maximum tolerated doses of 20 – 25mg/kg. These increased tolerances are the result of additive differences in whole blood stability, cytotoxicity and systemic exposure. At a dose of 0.75mg/kg, administered every 3 days, MTMSA-Trp-A10 did not result in an efficacious result in tumor xenograft studies. These studies remain under further investigation, but the result may indicate high plasma protein binding of MTMSA-Trp-A10 and lack of free fraction available within tumor. The most selective MTM-oxime analogue in vitro, MTMox-23, significantly inhibited TC-32 (EWS-FLI1+) tumor xenograft growth (p=0.0025, day 16, one-way ANOVA multiple comparisons test) compared to MTM (p=0.1174, day 16) and extending survival for 17 days out of 48 days on study (p=0.0003, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) single comparison test) with treatment at MTD every 3 days, compared to vehicle. Additionally, the MTM-oxime analogue with highest systemic exposure, MTMox-24, also significantly inhibited TC-32 (EWS-FLI1+) tumor xenograft growth (p=0.0003, day 21, one-way ANOVA multiple comparisons test) compared to MTM (p=0.032, day 21) and extending survival for 12 days out of 37 days on study (p=0.0004, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) single comparison test) with treatment, compared to vehicle. Conclusion: These studies in whole highlight the importance of exposure (pharmacokinetics; PK), toxicity and efficacy (pharmacodynamics; PD) relationships. The cytotoxicity and high systemic exposure of MTMSA-Trp-A10 directly contributes to its lower tolerated dose. However, despite a similar tolerated dose to MTM, systemic exposure remains 163-fold higher at the MTD. High systemic exposure may be attributed to high plasma protein binding, but also reduces the exposure of free MTMSA-Trp-A10 within the tumor tissue, which drives the efficacious response. In contrast, the less cytotoxic and rapidly de-methylated MTM-oxime analogues allow for 25-fold higher tolerances in mice. This unique metabolism and clearance may prevent exposures required to induced systemic blood and liver toxicities induced by MTM. Moreover, at these highly tolerated doses, the initial systemic exposure at MTD is highest among analogues tested, which resulted in an efficacious response with MTMox-23 and MTMox-24 treatment in tumor xenograft models. It remains to be determined if these PK/PD relationships can be reproduced in additional animal models, including human, without inducing toxicity. Nonetheless, these initial studies in mice demonstrate that a more selective, more tolerated analogue of MTM has potential for clinical success in treating ETS fusion-dependent tumors.
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Books on the topic "Reduced products"

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Catherine, St Hilaire, and Life Science Research Office, Inc., eds. Scientific methods to evaluate potential reduced-risk tobacco products. Behesda, MD: Life Sciences Research Office, 2007.

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R, Hughes John, and Wilkenfield Judy, eds. Debunking myths around "light" cigarettes and implications for "reduced risk" products. London: BMJ Pub. Group, 2001.

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D, Lewis Kara, ed. Exposure assessment in the evaluation of potential reduced-risk tobacco products. Bethesda, MD: Life Sciences Research Office, Inc., 2008.

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McEwan, J. A. Barriers to the production and consumption of reduced fat bakery products: Final report. Chipping Campden: CCFRA, 1999.

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library, Wiley online, ed. Modified atmospheric processing and packaging of fish: Filtered smokes, carbon monoxide, and reduced oxygen packaging. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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Frost & Sullivan., ed. European drug delivery system markets: New products offer increased efficacy, reduced dosage intervals, and fewer side effects. Mountain View, CA: Frost & Sullivan, 1994.

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Steven, Otwell W., Kristinsson Hordur G, and Balaban Murat O, eds. Modified atmospheric processing and packaging of fish: Filtered smokes, carbon monoxide, and reduced oxygen packaging. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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Schertz, Willett Lois, and New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Dept. of Agricultural Economics., eds. Issues in the development and marketing of reduced chemical agricultural products: A look at disease-resistant apple cultivars. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1991.

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(Firm), Giant. Food guide: A guide to foods that are low or reduced in fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, calories, sodium, and higher in fiber, includes proteins, carbohydrates and sugars. [Landover, Md.]: Giant Food Inc., 2000.

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Gibbons, Elizabeth. Import price declines in 1986 reflected reduced oil prices: Despite price increases for major product categories resulting from the decline in the dollar, the overall import index decreased for the fourth consecutive year : export prices were relatively stable again last year. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reduced products"

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Monteiro, Maria Lúcia Guerra, Eliane Teixeira Mársico, and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior. "Reduced-Sodium Meat Products." In Functional Meat Products, 137–49. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3573-5_11.

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Ningtyas, Dian Widya, and Sangeeta Prakash. "Fat-Reduced Cream Cheeses." In Dairy Fat Products and Functionality, 533–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41661-4_22.

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Pearson, A. M., and T. A. Gillett. "Reduced and Low Fat Meat Products." In Processed Meats, 355–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7685-3_14.

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Morrissey, M. T. "Low fat and reduced fat fish products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 321–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_16.

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Quick, J. "Labeling of low and reduced fat/salt products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 48–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_3.

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Racke, Kenneth D. "A Reduced Risk Insecticide for Organic Agriculture: Spinosad Case Study." In Crop Protection Products for Organic Agriculture, 92–108. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0947.ch007.

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Czochralska, Barbara, Monika Wrona, and David Shugar. "Electrochemically reduced photoreversible products of pyrimidine and purine analogues." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 133–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-15810-3_4.

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Huffman, D. L., and R. D. Huffman. "Production of low fat and reduced fat ground beef." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 226–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_11.

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Crouse, Gary D. "Natural Products as Leads for New Pesticides with Reduced Risks." In ACS Symposium Series, 80–95. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch007.

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Thompson, Dean G., and David P. Kreutzweiser. "A Review of the Environmental Fate and Effects of Natural "Reduced-Risk" Pesticides in Canada." In Crop Protection Products for Organic Agriculture, 245–74. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0947.ch018.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reduced products"

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Abrantes, Noemi Pereira Araújo, Antonio Augusto Martins Pereira Júnior, Daysianne Kessy Mendes Isidorio, Matheus Emerick de Magellan, and Filipe de Almeida Araújo. "Environmentally friendly methods for synthesis of reduced graphene oxide." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-030.

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Abstract Orange production in Brazil is an expressive activity for the country's trade relations. According to an annual report by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Brazil is the largest producer of orangein the world, and produced 14,712,000 tons in the 2020/21 crop season. Records indicate that this panorama has been repeated over the last few years, which also occurs for orange products, such as processed fruit juice, which accounts for about 73% of the world's exports of the product (USDA, 2022).
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Гортинская, Юлия Александровна. "ONLINE PROMOTION OF REDUCED RISK PRODUCTS." In Наука, общество, производство и промышленность: актуальные проблемы и перспективы: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Омск, Апрель 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230407.2023.39.88.006.

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Автор статьи анализирует методы продвижения продуктов с потенциально пониженным риском в России в условиях законодательных ограничений, необходимость ведения социальных сетей и мессенджеров для коммуникации с целевой аудиторией. Методика сравнительного контент-анализа брендов IQOS и GLO, показала важность использования современных Digital площадок как VK и Telegram для удержания и привлечения аудитории. The author of the article analyzes the methods of promoting products with potentially reduced risk in Russia under legal restrictions, the need to maintain social networks and messengers to communicate with the target audience. The methodology of comparative content analysis of IQOS and GLO brands has shown the importance of using modern Digital platforms like VK and Telegram to retain and attract an audience.
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Patrakova, Irina, and V. V. Starkov. "SOCIAL INNOVATION - REDUCED SODIUM MEAT PRODUCTS." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-101.

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Currently, daily sodium intake is about three times the recommended daily allowance for an adult, and processed meat products account for about 20% of total dietary sodium intake. Dietary concerns about excessive salt intake are leading the food industry to look for ways to reduce salt intake. The paper presents private technologies for the production of sausages with a reduced salt content using salt substitutes and flavor enhancers.
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Harrison, D. "Novel circuit fabrication techniques for reduced environmental impact." In International Conference on Clean Electronics Products and Technology (CONCEPT). IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19951179.

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Scoggins, James, Nagi Mansour, and Hassan Hassan. "Development of Reduced Kinetic Mechanism for PICA Pyrolysis Products." In 42nd AIAA Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3126.

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Kusiak, Andrew, and Chang-Xue Feng. "Design of Products for an Agile Manufacturing Environment." In ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1994-0426.

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Abstract Many manufacturing companies have been striving to reduce setup times in order to produce smaller lot sizes and to obtain quicker responses to frequently changing market demands. This paper focuses on the reduction of setup time by design improvements of products. Based on the basic principles of setups and concepts from concurrent engineering, rules for design of products at the feature level are presented. Examples and computational results illustrate that the inter-lot setups and in-lot setups can be reduced by the feature-based design rules. The proposed approach for setup reduction appears to be more cost effective than optimizing the processes and operations where the product designs have been fixed. This research intends to bridge the gap between engineering design and manufacturing.
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Carlucci, G. "New technologies for feminine hygiene products with reduced environmental impact." In The Sustainable City 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc120501.

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Ali, Sy A., and Robert R. Moritz. "Rolls-Royce Power Generation Current Products and New Product Plans." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0393.

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Aero-derivative gas turbines have been successfully serving the power generation, mechanical drive, and marine markets for 40 years. These products are well suited for distributed generation, with sizes in the range from 3 MW to 50+ MW. The Rolls-Royce group of companies provide vertical integration for aero-derivative based energy systems, having marketing, sales, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, and customer service capabilities. The 3– 6 MW, 501-K family serves power generation and cogeneration applications. The new 6–8 MW 601 is used for cogeneration and mechanical drive. The 15 MW Avon is widely applied to mechanical drives, offering exceptional reliability and low life cycle cost. The RB211 provides over 30 MW at high efficiency, and is used in mechanical drive and electrical generation. The 42% efficient, 50 MW, Trent is primarily intended for electrical generation. This engine retains a higher than usual degree of commonality with aero production modules, thus retaining the cost advantage of high volume production and benefits from continuous improvements in aero engines. Plans: Cost reduction of mature existing products will be achieved by “industrialization”, e.g. by alloy changes and shape simplification, of parts no longer in aero production. Better integrated packaging and “more electric aircraft” features are rapidly becoming a necessity in the competitive marketplace. The trend is toward minimizing and possibly eliminating mechanical drives and other components in a gas turbine to improve product quality, efficiency, reduce product cost, while enhancing product quality and the environment. In this regard, the approach being taken near term is to substitute normal oil bearings with Active Magnetic Bearings. Such an action would help eliminate high cost skid lubrication system components and some environmental hazards as well as reducing maintenance. Several programs will make contributions to environmental improvements through reduced emissions and the use of “renewable” fuels. A prototype 501-K has been supplied to operate on gasified coal, a reduced emissions path to generating electricity from coal. A dual fuel DLE combustion system for very high pressure ratio and turbine temperature is in development for the Trent, having downward compatibility with other company products. The Next Generation Gas Turbine (NGGT) project, sponsored by the US Department of Energy, will use an existing engine core. Advanced modules, including a long life “spiral” recuperator and cycle enhancements combine to yield 50% cycle efficiency at a reduced cost per kW. The goal is to produce a 50 MW class plant with “combined cycle efficiency at simple cycle cost.” The NGGT is suited to using alternate fuel for part of the energy input. Following evaluation of fuel cell/gas turbine hybrids, a specially suited gas turbine development is being initiated with sponsorship by the U.S. Department of Energy. The company is also conducting a solid oxide fuel cell program. An auxiliary power unit(APU) was developed and is now in production for the M1 tank. A “microturbine” derivative of this product is being considered for distributed generation.
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Salmén, Lennart. "Response of Paper Properties to Changes in Moisture Content and Temperature." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.369.

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During production, converting and usage, paper and board products may be exposed to environmental conditions of both constant and variable nature. As these paper and board products are ultimately composites of the natural polymers cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, they are, due to their hydrophilic nature and also to the existence of thermal transitions, highly influenced by the surrounding environment. The paper properties are accordingly affected by moisture and temperature and it is these changes of a physical nature that are discussed in this paper. In this paper, an attempt is made to present a philosophy of how the total performance of paper products can be reduced to the question of how moisture and temperature interact with wood polymers on a molecular level. The multicomponent nature of the wood fibre and the consequences of the build up of dried-in stresses are particularly emphasised. Thus the sorptive properties of the wood polymers are described from the standpoint of molecular interaction and a plasticizing effect which reduces the glass transition temperatures of the wood polymers. The consequences that this softening have on mechanical properties and on hygroexpansivity are presented together with descriptions of the effect of drying stresses and the creep behaviour during moisture cycling. Practical examples are given, discussing high temperature processes such as hot calendering, corrugating and press drying. Effects related to printing and converting operations, such as dimensional stability, surface roughening and linting are also commented on. Finally some ideas regarding future research are presented.
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Liu, Qiong, Youquan Tian, Chao Wang, Freddy O. Chekem, and John W. Sutherland. "Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling for Reduced Manufacturing Carbon Footprint." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2630.

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In order to help manufacturing companies quantify and reduce product carbon footprints in a mixed model manufacturing system, a product carbon footprint oriented multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling optimization model is proposed. The production portion of the product carbon footprint, based on the mapping relations between products and the carbon emissions within the manufacturing system, is proposed to calculate the product carbon footprint in the mixed model manufacturing system. Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is adopted to solve the proposed model. In order to help decision makers to choose the most suitable solution from the Pareto set as its execution solution, a method based on grades of product carbon footprints is proposed. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed model and algorithm are examined via a case study.
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Reports on the topic "Reduced products"

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Bundy, Matthew, Anthony Hamins, Erik L. Johnsson, Sung Chan Kim, Gwon Hyun Ko, and David B. Lenhert. Measurements of heat and combustion products in reduced-scale ventilation-limited compartment fires. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1483.

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Vinson, D. Evaluation of reduced silver content relative to the activation products in remaining R- and P-reactor structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395262.

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SHEVTSOVA, T. P. FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF INCOME TAX IN AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2022-11-2-2-7-12.

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The dynamics of the elements of income tax from agricultural producers throughout the country as a whole, by federal districts, and some regions. It has been established that the number of payers of income tax is not decreasing, but the amount of revenues to the budget has been reduced. It is proposed to regulate the tax rate on profits from the sale of agricultural products at the regional level in conjunction with the established rate of the Unified Agricultural Tax.
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Rycroft, Taylor, Kerry Hamilton, Charles Haas, and Igor Linkov. A quantitative risk assessment method for synthetic biology products in the environment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41331.

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The need to prevent possible adverse environmental health impacts resulting from synthetic biology (SynBio) products is widely acknowledged in both the SynBio risk literature and the global regulatory community. However, discussions of potential risks of SynBio products have been largely speculative, and the attempts to characterize the risks of SynBio products have been non-uniform and entirely qualitative. As the discipline continues to accelerate, a standardized risk assessment framework will become critical for ensuring that the environmental risks of these products are characterized in a consistent, reliable, and objective manner that incorporates all SynBio-unique risk factors. Current established risk assessment frameworks fall short of the features required of this standard framework. To address this, we propose the Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Synthetic Biology Products (QRASynBio) – an incremental build on established risk assessment methodologies that supplements traditional paradigms with the SynBio risk factors that are currently absent and necessitates quantitative analysis for more transparent and objective risk characterizations. The proposed framework facilitates defensible quantification of the environmental risks of SynBio products in both foreseeable and hypothetical use scenarios. Additionally, we show how the proposed method can promote increased experimental investigation into the likelihood of hazard and exposure parameters and highlight the parameters where uncertainty should be reduced, leading to more targeted risk research and more precise characterizations of risk.
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Suir, Glenn, Christina Saltus, and Sam Jackson. Remote Assessment of Swamp and Bottomland Hardwood Habitat Condition in the Maurepas Diversion Project Area. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41563.

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This study used high spatial resolution satellite imagery to identify and map Bottomland Hardwood (BLH) BLH and swamp within the Maurepas Diversion Project area and use Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) elevation data, vegetation indices, and established stand-level thresholds to evaluate the condition of forested habitat. The Forest Condition methods and data developed as part of this study provide a remote sensing-based supplement to the field-based methods used in previous studies. Furthermore, several advantages are realized over traditional methods including higher resolution products, repeatability, improved coverage, and reduced effort and cost. This study advances previous methods and provides products useful for informing ecosystem decision making related to environmental assessments.
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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, West Bishop, Christopher Grasso, Kaitlin Volk, and Kurt Getsinger. Chemical management strategies for starry stonewort : a mesocosm study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42040.

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US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved algaecides and herbicides are frequently utilized to manage nuisance algae and aquatic macrophytes. However, there is limited information available on the effectiveness of these products for the management of starry stonewort. Thus, the goal of this research was to discern effective chemical control products for later growth stages of starry stonewort using mesocosm studies. Eleven treatments were evaluated using various combinations of four copper-based products, endothall, diquat, and carfentrazone – all with USEPA registrations for use in aquatic sites. To assess treatment efficacy, water quality, photophysiology, biomass changes, and bulbil viability were evaluated. Nine of the eleven treatments yielded lower dissolved oxygen concentrations and higher specific conductance when compared to the control. Photophysiological response varied by condition, but seven of eleven treatments resulted in significantly lower fluorescent and maximum fluorescent yield. Five of these also exhibited significantly lower average photosynthetic yields, with combination treatments resulting in more drastic decreases. Ten of the eleven treatments had significantly less biomass compared to the control when measured via wet weight; however, only four treatments were significant when measured via dry weight. Lastly, all conditions utilizing copper-based products significantly reduced bulbil viability while non-copper products had no impact.
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Hathaway, Dale E. The Impacts of U.S. Agricultural and Trade Policy on Trade Liberalization and Integation via a U.S.-Central American Free Trade Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011098.

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This study looks at several major legislative actions in 2002 that will substantially affect trade negotiations with the United States, and examines the US import protection for agricultural products that will be critical in trade negotiations with Central American countries. The two important legislative actions were the passage of the 2002 Farm Bill and the passage of Trade Promotion Authority, which provides for "fast track" treatment of trade agreements. The 2002 farm bill was widely denounced as a major reversal of US farm policy, away from the earlier move toward reduced levels of support and toward decoupled supports for key commodities. In fact, however, the 2002 farm bill contained the same support mechanisms that were in the highly touted 1996 farm bill. The 2002 farm bill also reauthorizes the various export programs that the US government uses to support the increased exports of US farm products. The Trade Promotion Authority contains several new restrictions on US negotiators. It lays out a list of sensitive agricultural products and requires special procedures before any negotiations to liberalize access can occur. In addition to the list of sensitive products the US has some significant tariffs on a number of products that the Central American countries export to the US. Elimination of these tariffs can provide significant gains in market access for some products. In summary, the successful negotiation and approval of a US-CAFTA will require major political will on both sides to overcome the major hurdles that exist.
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Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir, and Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.

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The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.
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Villacis, Alexis, Victor Barrera, Jeffrey Alwang, Carlos Caicedo, and James Quiroz. Strategies to strengthen Ecuador's high-value cacao value chain. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003960.

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Since the early nineteenth century, cacao has been an important export earner for Ecuador. Today the importance of this sector remains, as Ecuador is the main producer and exporter of Fine and Flavor cacao worldwide. Motivated by the main transformations of the global food systems and the increasing demand for multidimensional credence attributes, this study examines the present state of Ecuador's cacao industry, identifies areas of opportunity, and discusses how the private and public sectors can work together to meet existing and emerging challenges. Findings are supported by interviews conducted with the principal actors in the Ecuadorian cacao industry and two case studies. The first case study focuses on how associativity can help cacao farmers producing high-quality beans to differentiate themselves and succeed in modern agri-food markets. The second case study explores the success of a local chocolate firm and its links with local cacao farmers. Findings suggest that market trends have created new business opportunities for cacao producers and chocolate processors. These opportunities are most open to firms who can personalize and differentiate their products, for example, through the use of quality certifications such as organic, fair trade, reduced carbon load, etc. More importantly, market developments are driving exporters to enhance the performance of cacao value chains in the country, but the sector requires coordination to capture reputation and credence-based demands for the local cacao.
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Young, Erin, Cem Kuscu, Christine Watkins, and Murat Dogan. Using CRISPR Gene Editing to Prevent Accumulation of Lipids in Hepatocytes. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/com.lsp.2022.0007.

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CRISPR gene editing is a molecular technology that can be used to silence gene expression. In this experiment, genes that are known to play a role in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes were targeted. Specifically, levels of fatty acid transport proteins 2 and 5 (FATP2 & 5) have been shown to be elevated in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The goal of this experiment was to reduce expression of these genes by using a dead Cas9 (dCas9) protein with an attached inhibitory domain (KRAB) that acts on the promotor region. When measuring the mRNA expression, it was determined that the levels of the CRISPR-modified gene products were significantly reduced compared to the control. However, the same extent of inhibition was not consistently observed when conducting flow cytometry. Current work is aimed at discovering why lipid accumulation is not inhibited to the expected degree based on the results of mRNA expression.
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