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Academic literature on the topic 'Reduced Length Modeling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Reduced Length Modeling"
1
Kwon, O., та F. E. Ames. "A Velocity and Length Scale Approach to k–ε Modeling". Journal of Heat Transfer 118, № 4 (1996): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822581.
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This paper describes a velocity and length scale approach to low-Reynolds-number k–ε modeling, which formulates the eddy viscosity on the normal component of turbulence and a length scale. The normal component of turbulence is modeled based on the dissipation and distance from the wall and is bounded by the isotropic condition. The model accounts for the anisotropy of the dissipation and the reduced length of mixing in the near wall region. The kinetic energy and dissipation rate were computed from the k and ε transport equations of Durbin (1993). The model was tested for a wide range of turbulent flows and proved to be superior to other k–ε based models.
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Liu, Yujiong, and Pinhas Ben-Tzvi. "Dynamic Modeling, Analysis, and Design Synthesis of a Reduced Complexity Quadruped with a Serpentine Robotic Tail." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 2 (2021): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab083.
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Synopsis Serpentine tail structures are widely observed in the animal kingdom and are thought to help animals to handle various motion tasks. Developing serpentine robotic tails and using them on legged robots has been an attractive idea for robotics. This article presents the theoretical analysis for such a robotic system that consists of a reduced complexity quadruped and a serpentine robotic tail. Dynamic model and motion controller are formulated first. Simulations are then conducted to analyze the tail’s performance on the airborne righting and maneuvering tasks of the quadruped. Using the established simulation environment, systematic analyses on critical design parameters, namely, the tail mounting point, tail length, torso center of mass (COM) location, tail–torso mass ratio, and the power consumption distribution, are performed. The results show that the tail length and the mass ratio influence the maneuvering angle the most while the COM location affects the landing stability the most. Based on these design guidelines, for the current robot design, the optimal tail parameters are determined as a length of two times as long as the torso length and a weight of 0.09 times as heavy as the torso weight.
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Chowdhury, Md Arman, Ahmad Rahmzadeh, Saber Moradi, and M. Shahria Alam. "Feasibility of using reduced length superelastic shape memory alloy strands in post-tensioned steel beam–column connections." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 2 (2018): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18806393.
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Driven by a need to reduce repair costs and downtime in structures following a major earthquake, self-centering systems have been introduced. Post-tensioned high strength steel strands have shown promising results in providing self-centering capability in steel frames, where the beams are compressed to columns. This study aims at investigating the feasibility of using reduced length of steel and shape memory alloy strands in steel beam–column connections. Through finite element modeling, the study first evaluates the effect of using short-length regular post-tensioned strands in steel connections. The results show higher strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity for connections with shorter length regular post-tensioned strands. The moment capacity and energy absorption capacity of a post-tensioned beam–column connection with one-third strand length were 105% and 114% higher than those of with full-length strands, respectively. However, residual drifts increased from 4 to 39 mm. To avoid loss in the re-centering capability of such connections due to yielding/failing of post-tensioned steel strands, the application of shape memory alloy and hybrid strands are proposed. The results show that shorter length shape memory alloy strands are effective in regaining self-centering and dissipating higher amount of energy compared to the full-length steel strands.
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Xu, Shi Xian, Yu Zhang, Meng Lan Duan, and Bing Dai. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Single-Lap Joints with Variable Interfacial Crack Length ." Key Engineering Materials 665 (September 2015): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.665.161.
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This paper investigated the performance of single-lap joints with interfacial crack through the finite element method. The finite element method was validated by the G-R solutions at first. And then the influence of geometric parameter of the joint as well as the length of the interfacial crack were discussed. Results showed that the presence of a spew fillet can reduced the stress intensity factors (SIF).The relationship of the crack length ratio and SIF, adhesive thickness ratio and SIF were built.
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Yilmaz, Ibrahim, Ece Ayli, and Selin Aradag. "Investigation of the Effects of Length to Depth Ratio on Open Supersonic Cavities Using CFD and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/810175.
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Simulations of supersonic turbulent flow over an open rectangular cavity are performed to observe the effects of length to depth ratio (L/D) of the cavity on the flow structure. Two-dimensional compressible time-dependent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with k-ωturbulence model are solved. A reduced order modeling approach, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method, is used to further analyze the flow. Results are obtained for cavities with severalL/Dratios at a Mach number of 1.5. Mostly, sound pressure levels (SPL) are used for comparison. After a reduced order modeling approach, the number of modes necessary to represent the systems is observed for each case. The necessary minimum number of modes to define the system increases as the flow becomes more complex with the increase in theL/Dratio. This study provides a basis for the control of flow over supersonic open cavities by providing a reduced order model for flow control, and it also gives an insight to cavity flow physics by comparing several simulation results with different length to depth ratios.
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Anderson, L. S., and R. S. Anderson. "Modeling debris-covered glaciers: extension due to steady debris input." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 6 (2015): 6423–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-6423-2015.
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Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers are common in rapidly-eroding alpine landscapes. When thicker than a few centimeters, surface debris suppresses melt rates. If continuous debris cover is present, mass balance gradients can be reduced leading to increases in glacier length. In order to quantify feedbacks in the debris-glacier-climate system, we developed a 2-D long-valley numerical glacier model that includes englacial and supraglacial advection. We ran 120 simulations in which a steady state debris-free glacier responds to a step increase of surface debris deposition. Simulated glaciers advance to steady states in which ice accumulation equals ice ablation, and debris input equals debris loss from the glacier. Our model and parameter selections produce two-fold increases in glacier length. Debris flux onto the glacier and the relationship between debris thickness and melt rate strongly control glacier length. Debris deposited near the equilibrium-line altitude, where ice discharge is high, results in the greatest glacier extension when other debris related variables are held constant. Continuous debris cover reduces ice discharge gradients, ice thickness gradients, and velocity gradients relative to initial debris-free glaciers. Debris-forced glacier extension decreases the ratio of accumulation zone to total glacier area (AAR). The model reproduces first-order relationships between debris cover, AARs, and glacier surface velocities from glaciers in High Asia. We provide a quantitative, theoretical foundation to interpret the effect of debris cover on the moraine record, and to assess the effects of climate change on debris-covered glaciers.
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Anderson, Leif S., and Robert S. Anderson. "Modeling debris-covered glaciers: response to steady debris deposition." Cryosphere 10, no. 3 (2016): 1105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1105-2016.
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Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers are common in rapidly eroding alpine landscapes. When thicker than a few centimeters, surface debris suppresses melt rates. If continuous debris cover is present, ablation rates can be significantly reduced leading to increases in glacier length. In order to quantify feedbacks in the debris–glacier–climate system, we developed a 2-D long-valley numerical glacier model that includes englacial and supraglacial debris advection. We ran 120 simulations on a linear bed profile in which a hypothetical steady state debris-free glacier responds to a step increase of surface debris deposition. Simulated glaciers advance to steady states in which ice accumulation equals ice ablation, and debris input equals debris loss from the glacier terminus. Our model and parameter selections can produce 2-fold increases in glacier length. Debris flux onto the glacier and the relationship between debris thickness and melt rate strongly control glacier length. Debris deposited near the equilibrium-line altitude, where ice discharge is high, results in the greatest glacier extension when other debris-related variables are held constant. Debris deposited near the equilibrium-line altitude re-emerges high in the ablation zone and therefore impacts melt rate over a greater fraction of the glacier surface. Continuous debris cover reduces ice discharge gradients, ice thickness gradients, and velocity gradients relative to initial debris-free glaciers. Debris-forced glacier extension decreases the ratio of accumulation zone to total glacier area (AAR). Our simulations reproduce the "general trends" between debris cover, AARs, and glacier surface velocity patterns from modern debris-covered glaciers. We provide a quantitative, theoretical foundation to interpret the effect of debris cover on the moraine record, and to assess the effects of climate change on debris-covered glaciers.
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Mehr, E. H., and H. R. Saba. "Ductility Evaluation of Steel Structures with Reduced Beam Sections and Post-Tensioned Cables Using the Finite Element Method." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 6 (2017): 2236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1568.
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Given the importance of structure strengthening, this research introduces a particular type of steel structure in which the reduced beam section and post-tensioned cables were used for creating centralized property and preventing the formation of plastic hinges in the beam and columns. After introducing the system, ABAQUS modeling results are compared with a reliable laboratory sample to check its accuracy. Good convergence was seen which shows the modeling accuracy. The results of the model’s nonlinear static analysis revealed that the above steel structure has higher ductility when compared to conventional steel structures. Also, the results showed that with the rising of height, span length and early post-tensioned power of the cables we can increase the ductility of the structure.
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Cheng, Fang-Yi, Chin-Fang Lin, Yu-Tzu Wang, Jeng-Lin Tsai, Ben-Jei Tsuang, and Ching-Ho Lin. "Impact of Effective Roughness Length on Mesoscale Meteorological Simulations over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces in Taiwan." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (2019): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120805.
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The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system obtains the aerodynamic roughness length (z0) from a land use (LU) lookup table. The effective aerodynamic roughness length (z0eff) was estimated for the island of Taiwan by considering the individual roughness lengths (z0i) of the underlying LU types within a modeling grid box. Two z0eff datasets were prepared: one using the z0i from the default LU lookup table and the other using the observed z0i for three LU types (urban, dry cropland and pasture, and irrigated cropland and pasture). The spatial variability of the z0eff distribution was higher than that of the LU table-based z0 distribution. Three WRF sensitivity experiments were performed: (1) dominant LU table-based z0 (namely, S1), (2) z0eff estimated from the default z0i (namely, S2), and (3) z0eff estimated from the observed z0i (namely, S3). Comparisons of the thermal field, temperature, and surface sensible and latent heat fluxes revealed no significant differences among the three simulations. The wind field overestimation and surface momentum flux underestimation in S1 were reduced in S2 and S3, and these improvements were more prominent over areas with highly heterogeneous land surface conditions.
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Zhou, Beibei, Xiaopeng Chen, Lijun Su, Hujun Li, Quanjiu Wang, and Wanghai Tao. "Evaluation and modeling of factors influencing the depth of mixing layer in which soil solute releasing from soil to surface runoff." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 101, no. 3 (2021): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2020-0141.
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The depth of mixing layer is one of the important parameters which cannot be assigned a constant value affected by many factors in the slope runoff. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of slope length and underground biomass on slope runoff, solute transport processes, as well as mixing layer depth. In this study, the experimental plots with the four slope lengths (5, 10, 15, and 20 m) and a width of 2 m were built on the slope with the gradient of 20°. In addition, the plots with the millet or wheat planting were built on the slope. The change of runoff and solute transport was analyzed through simulated rainfall experiments and then to estimate mixing layer depth. The results showed that the runoff rate decreased and more runoff seeped into the slope soil with increasing slope length. Increasing underground biomass also promoted greater rainfall infiltration into the soil. The increase in slope length increased the concentration of solute in runoff, but more underground biomass reduced the nutrients transported with runoff. The effective mixing depth increased with an increase in slope length, but effective mixing depth decreased with increased underground biomass. The modified expression of the equivalent mixing model under different slope lengths and underground biomass could accurately describe the solute transfer process in runoff when compared with complete mixing model and incomplete mixing model based on exponential functions. This research provided a reference for improving the application of mixing layer models in the slope management.