Academic literature on the topic 'Redox polymerization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Redox polymerization"
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Sarac, A. S. "Redox polymerization." Progress in Polymer Science 24, no. 8 (October 1999): 1149–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6700(99)00026-x.
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Lee, Khai Ern, Norhashimah Morad, Tjoon Tow Teng, and Beng Teik Poh. "Evaluation of factors and kinetics study of polyacrylamide redox polymerization using statistical design modeling." Journal of Polymer Engineering 32, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2012): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0008.
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Abstract Polyacrylamide was produced through redox polymerization in a single batch reactor. Ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite were applied as the redox initiators. Statistical design consisting a 24 full factorial design was used to determine the dependence of the factors such as temperature, concentrations of acrylamide, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, as well as their interactions in affecting the initial rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization. All independent factors were shown to have a significant effect on the rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization. The order of significance was: temperature>ammonium persulfate>acrylamide>sodium bisulfite. The interactive effects of the factors were also investigated. The 24 ull factorial design was augmented to central composite design (CCD), to optimize the rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization. The results showed that a high rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization occurred at a high level of the factors. A statistical design kinetics model was constructed through second-order regression to predict the rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization and the R2 value was 0.9888, which fitted the experimental rate of polyacrylamide redox polymerization better compared to the classical kinetics model.
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Reyhani, Amin, Thomas G. McKenzie, Qiang Fu, and Greg G. Qiao. "Redox-Initiated Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 7 (2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19109.
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Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization initiated by a radical-forming redox reaction between a reducing and an oxidizing agent (i.e. ‘redox RAFT’) represents a simple, versatile, and highly useful platform for controlled polymer synthesis. Herein, the potency of a wide range of redox initiation systems including enzyme-mediated redox reactions, the Fenton reaction, peroxide-based reactions, and metal-catalyzed redox reactions, and their application in initiating RAFT polymerization, are reviewed. These redox-RAFT polymerization methods have been widely studied for synthesizing a broad range of homo- and co-polymers with tailored molecular weights, compositions, and (macro)molecular structures. It has been demonstrated that redox-RAFT polymerization holds particular promise due to its excellent performance under mild conditions, typically operating at room temperature. Redox-RAFT polymerization is therefore an important and core part of the RAFT methodology handbook and may be of particular importance going forward for the fabrication of polymeric biomaterials under biologically relevant conditions or in biological systems, in which naturally occurring redox reactions are prevalent.
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Crivello, James V. "Redox initiated cationic polymerization." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 47, no. 7 (April 1, 2009): 1825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.23284.
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Crivello, James V. "Redox Intitiated Cationic Polymerization." Macromolecular Symposia 323, no. 1 (January 2013): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201100085.
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Saito, Yusuke. "Polymerization with Redox Switchable Catalyst." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 76, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.1354.
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Studer, Katia, Christian Decker, Erich Beck, Reinhold Schwalm, and Nick Gruber. "Redox and photoinitiated crosslinking polymerization." Progress in Organic Coatings 53, no. 2 (June 2005): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.01.010.
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Studer, Katia, Christian Decker, Céline Babé, Erich Beck, Reinhold Schwalm, and Nick Gruber. "Redox and photoinitiated crosslinking polymerization." Progress in Organic Coatings 53, no. 2 (June 2005): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.01.011.
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Studer, Katia, Phuong Tri Nguyen, Christian Decker, Erich Beck, and Reinhold Schwalm. "Redox and photoinitiated crosslinking polymerization." Progress in Organic Coatings 54, no. 3 (November 2005): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.06.011.
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Chen, Changle. "Redox-Controlled Polymerization and Copolymerization." ACS Catalysis 8, no. 6 (May 7, 2018): 5506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b01096.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Redox polymerization"
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Fujimura, Kojiro. "“Concerted Redox” Catalysis in Living Radical Polymerization." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215571.
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Debnath, Bidyut. "Studies on water soluble synthetic polymers : redox polymerization and physico-chemical properties." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1358.
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Nguema, Edzang Ronald W. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à propriétés rédox pour un contrôle des propriétés d'adhésion bactérienne." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0006/document.
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En raison des propriétés redox réversibles du ferrocène et de son activité antibactérienne, les polymères à base de ferrocène sont intéressants pour synthétiser de nouveaux liants pour des revêtements anti-adhésifs bactériens. Cette étude rend compte de l’homopolymérisation et de la copolymérisation de monomères méthacryliques porteurs de groupes ferrocényles avec le méthacrylate de lauryle (LM). Le méthacrylate de méthylferrocène (FMMA) mais aussi quatre nouveaux monomères nommés méthacrylate de 2- ferrocénylméthoxyéthyle (FMOEMA), méthacrylate de 3-ferrocénylméthoxypropyle (FMOPMA), 4- ferrocénylméthoxybutyle (FMOBMA) et de 2-ferrocénylméthoxyméthyléthyle (FMOMEMA) ont d’ bord été synthétisés et ensuite polymérisés via le procédé RAFT. Les cinétiques ’homopolymérisation ont été étudiées par RMN 1H in situ. La polymérisation a été contrôlée en utilisant le 2-cyanoprop-2-yl dithiobenzoate (CPDB) comme agent de transfert de chaîne, à 70°C, dans le toluène deutéré. Ces monomères contenant le groupement ferrocényle se sont révélés très réactifs via le procédé RAFT, conduisant à des conversions de 96% et à des polymères de faibles indices de polymolécularité (Ð<1,6). La conversion des monomères suit une cinétique de premier ordre (jusqu’à 80%) avec une augmentation linéaire de la masse molaire en fonction de la conversion en monomère. En utilisant le monomère FMMA comme référence, l’ spacement entre la partie polymérisable et le groupement ferrocényle a été augmenté pour le FMOEMA, FMOPMA, FMOMEMA et FMOBMA afin d’ méliorer la mobilité des groupements latéraux. Cette mobilité se traduit par une diminution notable des températures de transition vitreuse des homopolymères entre le pFMMA et le pFMOBMA. De plus, les copolymères diblocs préparés par voie séquencée présentent deux températures de transition vitreuse spécifiques à chaque bloc, démontrant une incompatibilité de ces derniers. Les propriétés électrochimiques des monomères et celles des polymères ont été caractérisées par voltampérométrie cyclique. Enfin, les propriétés anti-adhésives de ces homopolymères et copolymères diblocs vis-à-vis d’une bactérie marine ont été évaluéesDue to the reversible redox properties of ferrocene and its antibacterial activity, ferrocenyl-based polymers are useful for the synthesis of new anti-adhesive binders for marine antifouling coatings. This study reports the homopolymerization and copolymerization with lauryl methacrylate of ferrocenyl-based methacrylic monomers. Ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) as well as four novel monomers, namely 2- (ferrocenylmethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (FMOEMA), 3-(ferrocenylmethoxy)propyl methacrylate (FMOPMA),4-(ferrocenylmethoxy)butyl methacrylate (FMOBMA) and 2-(ferrocenylmethoxy)methylethyl methacrylate (FMOMEMA) were first synthesized, and subsequently polymerized by the RAFT process. The homopolymerization kinetics were investigated by in situ NMR. The radical polymerization was controlled by using 2-cyanoprop-2-yl dithiobenzoate (CPDB) as a chain transfer agent, at 70 °C in deuterated toluene. These monomers containing a ferrocenyl moiety with alcoxy linkers were found to be as reactive as FMMA in RAFT polymerization, resulting in conversions of 96% and in polymers with low dispersities (ÐM < 1.6). Monomer conversion follows a first order kinetics (up to 80%) with a linear increase in the molecular mass as a function of the monomer conversion. By using the FMMA monomer as a reference, the length of the alcoxy linker between the ferrocene unit and the backbone was increased for FMOEMA, FMOPMA, FMOMEMA and FMOBMA to improve the mobility of the side groups. This increase in macromolecular mobility led to a significant decrease of glass transition temperatures of the homopolymers. In addition, diblock copolymers exhibited two glass transition temperatures indicating that the two blocks are incompatible. The electrochemical properties of the monomers and those of the polymers were characterized using cyclic voltammetry. Finally, the anti-adhesive properties of these homopolymers and diblock copolymers toward marine bacteria were evaluated
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Biernesser, Ashley B. "Synthesis of Diverse Degradable Polymers by Redox-Switchable Iron-Based Catalysis:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107403.
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Thesis advisor: Jeffery A. ByersChapter 1. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources that has garnered much interest in recent years as an environmentally friendly substitute to conventional petroleum-derived engineering polymers. PLA has many applications in textiles, packaging, compostable consumables, and biomedical devices, as PLA displays excellent biocompatibility. This polymer is primarily produced from the ring-opening polymerization of lactide, a cyclic dimer of lactic acid. This introductory chapter highlights mechanistic features of this ring-opening polymerization reaction as well as metal-based catalysts that have been reported for lactide polymerization. In addition, switchable catalysis is an emerging field that has gained interest with polymer chemists for the potential of creating original polymer compositions and architectures. The utilization of redox-switchable catalysis to control lactide polymerization is discussed in this chapter. Chapter 2. Bis(imino)pyridine iron bis(alkoxide) complexes have been synthesized and utilized in the polymerization of (rac)-lactide. The activities of the catalysts were particularly sensitive to the identity of the initiating alkoxide with more electron-donating alkoxides resulting in faster polymerization rates. The reaction displayed characteristics of a living polymerization with production of polymers that exhibited low molecular weight distributions, linear relationships between molecular weight and conversion, and polymer growth observed for up to fifteen sequential additions of lactide monomer to the polymerization reaction. Mechanistic experiments revealed that iron bis(aryloxide) catalysts initiate polymerization with one alkoxide ligand, while iron bis(alkylalkoxide) catalysts initiate polymerization with both alkoxide ligands. Oxidation of an iron(II) catalyst precursor lead to a cationic iron(III) bis(alkoxide) complex that was completely inactive towards lactide polymerization. When redox reactions were carried out during lactide polymerization, catalysis could be switched off and turned back on upon oxidation and reduction of the iron catalyst, respectively. In addition, preliminary investigations of copolymerization reactions of lactide with ethylene are reported. Chapter 3. A cationic iron(III) complex is active for the polymerization of various epoxides, whereas the analogous neutral iron(II) complex is inactive. Cyclohexene oxide polymerization could be "switched off" upon in situ reduction of the Fe(III) complex and “switched on” upon in situ oxidation, which is orthogonal to what was observed previously for lactide polymerization. Conducting copolymerization reactions in the presence of both monomers resulted in block copolymers whose identity can be controlled by the oxidation state of the complex: selective lactide polymerization was observed in the iron(II) oxidation state and selective epoxide polymerization was observed in the iron(III) oxidation state. Evidence for the formation of block copolymers was obtained from solubility differences, GPC, and DOSY-NMR studies. Chapter 4. Formally iron(I) bis(imino)pyridine monoalkoxide complexes were synthesized through protonolysis of a bis(imino)pyridine iron alkyl species with p-methoxyphenol or neopentyl alcohol. The resulting complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, 1H NMR, EPR, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and preliminary characterization of the electronic structure of these complexes is discussed. These iron complexes were found to be highly active catalysts for the polymerization of various cyclic esters and carbonates, with the iron mono(neopentoxide) complex being much more active and giving more narrow molecular weight distributions than the mono(aryloxide) complex. The bis(imino)pyridine iron neopentoxide complex was highly active in particular for the polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL), giving full conversion within 10 minutes at room temperature in toluene, making it one of the most active iron complexes reported for this transformation ([Fe]:[CL] = 1:2000). Comparison of the polymerization activity of these iron mono(alkoxide) complexes with the analogous iron(II) bis(alkoxide) complexes is reported
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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Bui, Thi Tuyet Van. "Redox active ionic liquids from synthesis to surface modification : grafting and surface polymerization towards functional electrode materials." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC205.
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Les liquides ioniques sont des sels formés par l'association d'un anion et d'un cation, dont l'un des deux au moins est organique, ayant une température de fusion inférieure à 100°C. Un des avantages des liquides ioniques réside dans la possibilité d'adapter la structure de celui -ci en fonction des propriétés désirées. En modifiant à volonté la nature du cation ou de l'anion, il est possible d'accéder à des propriétés tout à fait originales. Tout un domaine de recherche a été récemment dédié au développement de séries de cations et d'anions fonctionnalisés permettant d'obtenir des liquides ioniques à tâches spécifiques. En synthétisant des monomères polymérisables, nous avons développé une nouvelle famille de liquide ionique : les polymères liquides ioniques électroactifs. Ces liquides ioniques et polymères liquides ioniques électroactifs ont des potentialités intéressantes dans différents domaines tels l'électronique moléculaire, les (bio)capteurs, la transduction d'énergie, les actionneurs électrochimiques, les cellules photovoltaïques, les surfaces intelligentes, les mémoires organiques, ainsi que les batteries organiques. Depuis les années 2000, on assiste à un développement considérable des électrodes modifiées par des liquides ioniques. Le travail réalisé dans cette thèse est centré sur les points suivants : (i) la synthèse de liquides ioniques électroactifs, (ii) le greffage électrochimique de liquides ioniques électroactifs, et (iii) l'immobilisation de polymères liquides ioniques sur une surface d'électrode. Le manuscrit est divisé en six chapitres : - le Chapitre 1 décrit une revue présentant une généralité sur les liquidès ioniques et polymères liquides ioniques. La composition, la synthèse ainsi que les propriétés électrochimiques sont décrites ; - le Chapitre 2 est dédié à la synthèse des liquides ioniques ; -le Chapitre 3 détaille l'immobilisation de liquide ionique électroactif par une méthode électrochimique ; - le Chapitre 4 analyse l'élaboration de polymères liquides ioniques sur électrode en carbone par différentes méthodes : Graft-fast, Surface Electro-initiated Emulsion Polymerization (SEEP) et Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) ; -le Chapitre 5 décrit la préparation de polymères liquides ioniques bi-fonctionnels contenant des groupements ferrocène et anthraquinone par la méthode SI-ATRP ; - le Chapitre 6 résume l'essentiel des résultats obtenus lors de cette thèse ainsi que les perspectivesIonic liquids (ILs) are described as a new class of molten salts consisting entirely of ions having a melting point below 100°C. Ionic liquids constitute a class of materials with many promising applications in very diverse fields. Their properties can be tailored by modifying the combination of ions in their composition. The introduction of the functional group forms "functionalized or task-specific ionic liquids" and allows us to tune the property for a particular application. Taking the advantage of introducing a monomer group to ILs, we can give rise a new family of functional polymer labeled polymeric ionic liquids or poly(ionic liquids) (PILs). ILs or PILs containing redox active groups are interesting because of their different applications such as molecular electronics, (bio)analytical sensor, energy transduction materials, electrochemical actuator, smart surfaces, solar cells, organic memory devices, as well as polymer based batteries. Since 2000, the research on ionic liquid-modified electrodes became intensively developing area. In term of electrochemical approach and considering the above factors, the work in this thesis focused on three points: i) synthesis of redox active ionic liquids, ii) grafting redox active ionic liquids by electrochemical process, iii) immobilization of redox poly(ionic liquids) on electrode surface. This thesis contains six chapters : -Chapter 1 presents an overview of ionic liquids and Poly(ionic liquids), their composition synthesis and use in electrochemical investigations. -Chapter 2 concentrates on the synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) and report their protocol. - Chapter 3 reports the immobilization of task-specific ionic liquids on carbon electrodes by means of electrochemical grafting. Chapter 4 studies the formation redox Poly(ionic liquids) onto carbon electrode surfaces using four methods: direct electropolymerization, Graft-fast, Surface Electro-initiated Emulsion Polymerization (SEEP) and Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI-ATRP). -Chapter 5 envisages the preparation of bi-functional PILs containing both ferrocene and anthraquinone on polymer chain by SI-ATRP method. -Chapter 6 lists the conclusions of this thesis and displays future prospects for the bi-functional materials
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Dai, Xiaoshu. "Synthesis and Processing of Polymers for Biomedical Applications." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/431.
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"In situ polymerizing hydrogel systems play an important role in many tissue engineering applications. They have proven to be useful in biomedical applications that require conversion of liquid macromer solution to tissue compliant hydrogel under physiological conditions. A series of poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(lactate) diacrylate macromers were synthesized with variable PEG molecular weight and lactate content. The macromer compositions were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and ion chromatography. These macromers were polymerized to form hydrogels by free radical polymerization using either redox or photochemical initiators. The current study focused on the optimization of polymerization conditions. Compressive modulus and residual acrylate analysis were used to evaluate polymerization efficiency. To characterize the network structure, the swelling ratio values were converted to the average molecular weight between crosslinks ( ) and mesh sizes (ξ) using Flory-Rehner theory. Current study suggested hydrophobic modification is desired to achieve high polymerization efficiency. Electrospinning is a developing technique to produce ultra fine fibrous structures from polymer solutions. Current research efforts have focused on understanding the effects of principal parameters such as molecular weight distribution (MWD) and polymer surfactant interactions on the morphology of the electrospun patterns. Fundamental understanding of the dilute solution rheology of the polydisperse polymer/solvent and polymer/solvent/surfactant systems was first established. Using viscometry, the on-set of entanglement concentrations could be obtained for various systems. Electrospinning was then carried out to evaluate the effects of polymer molecular weight, molecular weight distribution (MWD) and the polymer-surfactant interaction on the fiber formation and morphological features. The importance of increased chain entanglements due to high molecular weight component within the polydisperse system and the expansion of the coil dimension by binding the surfactant micelles have been recognized. The critical concentrations for incipient as well as stable fiber formation were determined. "
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Zouhri, Yassir. "Amélioration du procédé de synthèse de polychlorure de vinyle par décomposition catalytique de peroxydes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR017.
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L'accélération de la polymérisation en suspension du monomère chlorure de vinyle (VCM) par amorçage de peroxyde à l’aide d’un système redox a été étudié ainsi que son impact sur les propriétés du polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) qui en résulte. Ce projet s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une collaboration CIFRE entre la société Vynova-Mazingarbe et l'équipe MOCAH du Laboratoire UCCS de l'université de Lille. L'amorçage de la polymérisation est basé sur la formation de radicaux par décomposition redox d'un pré-amorceur peroxyde, induite par un activateur à deux composants, appelé "kicker". Cet activateur consiste en un dérivé organométallique en quantité catalytique, le catalyseur, qui réduit le peroxyde et provoque sa décomposition, combiné à un agent réducteur capable de régénérer la forme oxydée du catalyseur. Une étape de développement préliminaire a été réalisée sur le 1-chlorobutane en tant que modèle du monomère VCM, afin de fournir une première évaluation de l'effet de l’amorçage redox avec le kicker avant sa mise en œuvre en polymérisation du VCM en suspension. Une série de catalyseurs à base de fer, de type ferrocène (Fc) et ses dérivés ont été évalués, combinés à une série d'agents réducteurs hydrosolubles, pour la décomposition des pré-amorceurs di-(2-éthylhexylperoxydicarbonate) (EHP) ou peroxyde de lauroyle (LPO). Lorsqu’ils ont été utilisés pour la polymérisation en suspension du VCM, une amélioration significative de la vitesse a été obtenue en utilisant le système kicker Fc/Rongalite ou decamethylferrocene/Rongalite en présence des peroxydes EHP ou LPO. L'utilisation d’un agent de transfert de phase visant à améliorer le contact entre les constituants du kicker situés dans différentes phases du milieu réactionnel a également été examinée; l'agent de transfert de phase bromure de cétyltriméthylammonium utilisé dans cette étude s’est avéré capable d’améliorer les performances du kicker Fc/Rongalite dans certaines conditions optimisées. D'autres agents réducteurs, dont certains nouveaux, appartenant à la famille des sulfinates et potentiellement plus solubles en phase organique ont également été synthétisés, en utilisant la Rongalite comme produit de départ. Au sein de cette famille, tous les dérivés et en particulier le N-perfluoroéthane α-aminométhanesulfinate de dicyclohexylammonium, ont montré en combinaison avec le ferrocène une bonne efficacité pour accélérer la vitesse de polymérisation tout en préservant la stabilité du milieu réactionnel et les propriétés du polymère finalThe acceleration of radical suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) by peroxide initiation using a redox system has been investigated as well as its impact on the properties of the resulting polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This project is part of a CIFRE collaboration between the company Vynova-Mazingarbe and the MOCAH team of the UCCS Laboratory of the University of Lille. The initiation of the polymerization was based on the formation of radicals via redox decomposition of a peroxide pre-initiator, promoted by a dual-component activator, so-called “kicker”. This kicker consists of an organometallic derivative in catalytic amount, the catalyst, that reduces the peroxide and causes its decomposition combined with a reducing agent, which is able to regenerate the oxidized form of the catalyst. A preliminary development stage was carried out on a model monomer of VCM, 1-chlorobutane, to provide a first evaluation of the effect of redox initiation with the kicker before being applied in the suspension polymerization of VCM. A series of iron-based catalysts, mainly ferrocene (Fc) and its derivatives, combined with a range of water-soluble reducing agents, have been evaluated toward the decomposition of di-(2-ethylhexylperoxydicarbonate) (EHP) or lauroyl peroxide (LPO) as pre-initiators. When applied to the suspension polymerization of VCM, a significant improvement in rate has been achieved using Fc/Rongalite or decamethylferrocene/Rongalite as kicker in the presence of EHP or LPO. The use of a phase transfer agent to improve the interaction between the kicker compounds located in different phases has also been examined; the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide phase transfer agent used in this study has been shown to further improve the performance of the Fc/Rongalite kicker under certain optimized conditions. Other reducing agents, including some new ones, belonging to the family of sulfinates and potentially more soluble in the organic phase have been synthesized, using Rongalite as a starting product. Within this family, all compounds, in particular dicyclohexylammonium N-perfluoroethane α-aminomethanesulfinate, have shown a good efficiency in accelerating the rate of polymerization when combined with Fc in the presence of EHP peroxide, while preserving the stability of the reaction medium as well as the properties of the resulting polymer
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Jouaiti, Abdelaziz. "Activation electrochimique de petites molecules par des composes bi-metalliques et elaboration de films polymeres conducteurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13036.
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Reduction electrocatalytique de co::(2) dans le dmf en presence de ni(cyclam)**(2+) (bis cyclam)**(4+). Modification d'electrodes par polymerisation electrolytique de differents complexes de fe ii, co ii et ru ii avec le coordinat (p-pyrrolylmethylphenyl)-4' terpyridine-2,2:6',2". Ce nouveau type d'electrodes peut jouer le role de mediateur redox
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Chen, Chao-Yen, and 陳兆彥. "Novel method to synthesize exfoliated PAN/DEA-MMT by surface-initiated redox polymerization." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25552551895044354559.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
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Polymerization of acrylonitrile from surface of Diethanolamine ( DEA )-modified montmorillonite ( MMT ) by Ce( IV )/HNO3 redox system is an efficient way to produce delaminated MMT which got intercalated/exfoliated morphology. This method combines the advantages of redox system and inorganic filler: low reaction temperature, high yield, low activation energy, good physical properties, improvement of mechanical properties… Here we use acrylonitrile ( AN ) as monomer which can be used as a good material of acrylic fiber and ABS plastic; DEA intercalated MMT serves as the initiator of the system, amount of intercalating DEA was analyzed by EA. Nanocomposites made from different molar ratio of AN with respect to hydroxy groups ( OH ) of DEA was investigated by XRD, TGA, IR. Molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile ( PAN ) was accomplished before extraction of polyacrylonitrile from nanocomposites by LiCl/DMF solution. Molecular weight of PAN decreased as the amount of feeding AN decreased. D-spacings of MMT enlarged as the amount of feeding AN increased and basal reflection detected from XRD disappeared when amount of AN was 160 times as more as OH groups of DEA bounded on MMT. After embedded the nanocomposites in epoxy resin and sectioned it with ultramicrotome to 30nm. We can easily observed the nanoscale dispersion of nanocomposites characterized by TEM. PAN/DEA-MMT can be used as a kind of carbon source and a better PAN material to apply in many other aspects such as copolymer, fiber,etc…
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Kamplain, Justin Wade 1980. "Novel N-heterocyclic carbene architectures for use in carbene based polymers and redox swithcable : catalysis." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17900.
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The central focus of this dissertation pertains to the synthesis and study of novel N-Heterocyclic carbene architectures. This pursuit has led to advances in carbine structure and bonding, and application of NHCs in materials chemistry in the role of monomer and catalysttext
Book chapters on the topic "Redox polymerization"
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Göktaş, Melahat. "Copolymer Synthesis with Redox Polymerization and Free Radical Polymerization Systems." In Redox. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88088.
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Mishra, Munmaya, Norman Gaylord, and Yusuf Yagci. "Suspension Polymerization Redox Initiators." In Plastics Engineering, 77–130. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420015133.ch6.
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Sandler, Stanley R., Wolf Karo, Jo-Anne Bonesteel, and Eli M. Pearce. "Redox emulsion polymerization of ethyl acrylate." In Polymer Synthesis and Characterization, 41–43. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012618240-8/50010-1.
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Gorincioi, Elena, Alic Barba, and Crina Vicol. "NMR spectral data - notable testimony in antioxidant interactions research: case studies of some grape metabolites." In Redox Processes with Electron and Proton Transfer, 184–98. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/prtep2023_09.
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Current research portrays the natural antioxidant systems in wine: trans- resveratrol-L-ascorbic acid and dihydroxyfumaric acid-L-ascorbic acid, in an attempt to model and elucidate plausible interactions between naturally occurring antioxidants in grapes and wine based on of the scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radicals by the named antioxidants and relying on 13 C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy data as a method of investigation. The evidence provided by the NMR experiments was compared with the UV-VIS spectroscopy data. For the trans- resveratrol-L-ascorbic acid system, based on the 13 C NMR method, the formation of trans-resveratrol oligomers (viniferins) was demonstrated as an effect of oxidation, in a process assisted by DPPH•. By comparing the 13 C NMR spectral results with the UV- VIS data, it was established that pronounced synergistic effects in the mentioned system are present precisely in the experimental cases for which the presence of viniferins was attested. For the dihydroxyfumaric acid-L-ascorbic acid system, the oxidation of dihydroxyfumaric acid to diketosuccinic acid, described in the literature, was not attested. Instead, through 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral studies, it was established that as a result of the interaction of dihydroxyfumaric acid with DPPH•, acid degradation occurs. The exact identification of the products of the transformation of dihydroxyfumaric acid was hindered by the secondary processes involved, with the major involvement of dihydroxyfumaric acid, namely the polymerization of acetone, triggered by dihydroxyfumaric acid, with the participation of methanol. These conclusions are supported on the basis of two-dimensional NMR experiments: 1 H/ 13 C HMBC and 1 H/ 13 C HSQC and DOSY.
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Epstein, Irving R., and John A. Pojman. "Polymer Systems." In An Introduction to Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195096705.003.0017.
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In the classic 1967 film “The Graduate” the protagonist, Benjamin (Dustin Hoffman), is attempting to plan his postcollege path. His neighbor provides one word of advice, “Plastics.” This counsel has become part of American culture and is often parodied. But, it is good advice, because not since the transformations from stone to bronze and then to iron have new materials so completely transformed a society. Plastics made from synthetic polymers are ubiquitous, from Tupperware to artificial hearts. About half the world’s chemists work in polymer-related industries. In this chapter, we will survey some of the work that has been done in applying nonlinear dynamics to polymerization processes. These systems differ from those we have considered so far because they do not involve redox reactions. We will consider polymerization reactions in a CSTR that exhibit oscillations through the coupling of temperature-dependent viscosity and viscosity-dependent rate constants. Emulsion polymerization, which produces small polymer particles dispersed in water, can also oscillate in a CSTR. Both types of systems are important industrially, and their stabilities have been studied by engineers with the goal of eliminating their time-dependent behavior. Our favorite oscillating system, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, can be used to create an isothermal periodic polymerization reaction in either a batch or continuous system. This, however, is not a practical system because of the cost of the reagents. In most industrial processes, nonlinear behavior is seen not as an advantage but as something to be avoided. However, we will look at several reaction-diffusion systems that have desirable properties precisely because of their nonlinear behavior. Replication of RNA is autocatalytic and can occur as a traveling front. Since not all RNA molecules replicate equally well, faster mutants gradually take over. At each mutation, the front propagates faster. Evolution can be directly observed in a test tube. Propagating polymerization fronts of synthetic polymers may be useful for making new materials, and they are interesting because of the rich array of nonlinear phenomena they show, with pulsations, convection, and spinning fronts. Finally, we will consider photopolymerization systems that exhibit spatial pattern formation on the micron scale, which can be used to control the macroscopic properties.
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H. Narasimhamurthy, Kereyagalahally, Nichhapurada Kallesha, Chakrabhavi D. Mohan, and Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa. "Anticancer Functions of Pyridine Heterocycles." In Cytotoxicity [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106156.
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Pyridine is a heterocyclic molecule with a nitrogen atom that is often found in nature. As a prosthetic group taking part in redox processes in the biological system, it plays an important function in many enzymes of the living system. Pyridine is an important pharmacophore, a privileged scaffold, and a superior heterocyclic system in drug development, with various applications in anticancer research because of its ability to work on significant receptors. Typically, it is the core of several currently available medicines. In the fight against cancer, many pyridine derivatives have been shown to inhibit kinases, androgen receptors, tubulin polymerization, topoisomerase enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase, and several other targets. Researchers are now concentrating on developing pyridine novel entities with other moieties for cancer therapy. This section presents pyridine derivative synthesis and biological expansions, as well as their target receptor sites.
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"High-Throughput Synthesis, Deposition and Characterization Techniques." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering, 28–62. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9896-1.ch002.
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Polyaniline (PANI) has an exclusive representation probably owing to the fact that it has new applications in several fields of nano-technology. It is known for its straightforward synthesis process, high environmental stability and it can be easily doped by different acids. This chapter deals with the synthesis of PANI by several methods in which oxidative polymerization is the simplest and the most highly studied process. The synthesized PANI thin films can be deposited on different substances by a number of chemical and physical-based methods. These PANI thin films have been characterized by different techniques. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy used for structural analysis of synthesized PANI thin films while the crystalline nature determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Similarly, SEM, TEM, and AFM have been used for surface analysis of PANI thin films. The thermal and optical characteristics of PANI thin films studied by TGA and optical absorbance spectroscopy, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve gives information about the electrochemical reaction rate and the redox potential of PANI thin films.
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"Reaction Mechanism of Vinyl Polymerization with Amine in Redox and Photo-Induced Charge-Transfer Initiation Systems." In Handbook of Engineering Polymeric Materials, 241–56. CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482292183-22.
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Patel, Ashok Raj, Geetika Patel, Arti Srivastava, Bhaskar Sharma, Goutam Kumar Patra, and Subhash Banerjee. "Nano-Catalysis in the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols and Anilines." In Diverse Strategies for Catalytic Reactions, 33–58. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079036123020004.
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Recently, the development of eco-friendly and sustainable organic redox reactions has attracted considerable attention. In the classification of catalysis, the two categories, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, have their own advantages and limitations. Thus, we need catalytic species that show properties like homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Nano-catalysts fulfill the above requirements as it works as a “linker” between the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. In past years, various heterogeneous nanomaterials have been used in different organic transformations as green catalysts due to their larger surface area and smaller size. Most importantly, nano-catalysts are the modern catalysts that promise green synthesis. Methods: Selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds is essential due to the wide applications of carbonyl compounds in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, fragrances, food industries, and electronic industries. Traditional methods for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds require a large number of oxidants; homogeneous catalysts, heavy metal catalysts, and precious metal supports are used. Further, aromatic azo compounds, composed of two phenyl groups interconnected by nitrogen-nitrogen double bonds, are well-known chromophores that have important applications in the synthesis of dyes, pigments, indicators, chemosensors, radical initiators, food additives, and therapeutic, diagnostic, and pro-drug agents as well as building blocks of various polymers and natural products. These compounds exhibited photophysical properties and significant applications in electronics and optics. Several methods have been developed for the preparation of aromatic azo compounds. Moreover, the selective oxidation of aniline is an important and useful organic reaction for the synthesis of oxygenated compound such as azoxybenzenes. Azoxybenzenes have attracted special importance as synthetically useful intermediates, precursors and employed as dyes, reducing agents, chemical stabilizers, and polymerization inhibitors, liquid crystals displays and therapeutic medicines. Here, some green approaches have discussed for the preparation of azoxy compounds. Conclusion: This review focused on the recent green methods for the selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds and direct oxidative azo-coupling of anilines to aromatic azo and azoxy compounds using heterogeneous nano-based catalysts.
Conference papers on the topic "Redox polymerization"
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Visy, C. S., J. Lukkari, and J. Kankare. "Electrochemical polymerization and redox transformations of polythiophene." In International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsm.1994.835357.
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Ishihara, H., K. Niitsu, and K. Nakazato. "DNA Single Base Polymerization Detection Using CMOS FET-Based Redox Potential Sensor Array." In 2014 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2014.d-6-1.
Full textReports on the topic "Redox polymerization"
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Long, Brian K. STIR: Redox-Switchable Olefin Polymerization Catalysis: Electronically Tunable Ligands for Controlled Polymer Synthesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579827.
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Van Pelt, Christopher. Investigation into Redox-Active Copolymers for use in Polymerization Induced Self-Assembled Particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1923624.
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