Relevant bibliographies by topics / RED CHILLI

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'RED CHILLI'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "RED CHILLI"

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Sativa, Mirza, Harianto Harianto, and Achmad Suryana. "Impact of Red Chilli Reference Price Policy in Indonesia." International Journal of Agriculture System 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i2.1201.

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Red chilli is one of basic commodities in Indonesia, in household consumption and raw material of industry even though the price of red chilli not only often fluctuates but also contributing to inflation. Policies taken by the government against the red chilli was with the application of the reference price, as the management of importation, for stabilizing the price of red chilli. This study aims to see the effectiveness of the reference price policy in influencing red chilli deals through red chilli import management and determine the factors that affect the red chilli deals in the effort to stabilize the price, using two stage least square (TSLS) simultaneous model with secondary data from Desember 2010- September 2016. In this study, red chili supply models in Indonesia consisted of five equations, four structural equations, and one identity equation. The structural equation consisted of red chili production, red chili import, red chili export, and red chili prices while the identity equation namely red chili supply. The results showed that reference price application had not been effective because it was not able to manage the importation properly, caused red chilli prices were still fluctuating. Implementation of reference prices did not significantly affect imports and prices, it indicated that the reference price policy was ineffective. This policy should be pursued by strengthening the development of production and to encourage red chilli farmers interest to increase the amount of production for continuity the supply side.
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Suliansyah, I., F. Ekawati, and D. Hariandi. "Identification and morphological characterization of local red chilies from West Sumatra." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1160, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1160/1/012013.

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Abstract West Sumatra still stocks local chilies, which, based on information, have good resistance to viruses. This study aims to characterize the morphology of several local red chilies in West Sumatra due to exploration. The characterization refers to general guidelines for compiling descriptions of vegetable (chili) varieties issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia in 2021. The qualitative data from the characterization results were processed using the NTsys Ver.2.02 program to see the kinship of several West Sumatra local red chili. In comparison, the quantitative data were analyzed with various values to determine the criteria for diversity. Based on the results of grouping phylogenetic trees, at a similarity coefficient of 59%, two groups were obtained, namely, the first group consisting of Chilli Kawek Solok Selatan and Chilli Kampung Solok Selatan and the second group consisting of chilies from Chilli Kampung Manangah Solok Selatan, Chilli Lotanbar Limapuluh Kota, Chilli Local Dharmasraya 1, Chilli Local Maninjau, Chilli Local Tanah Datar, Chilli Ateng Maninjau, Chilli Local Pesisir Selatan, Chilli Ateng Pasaman Barat, Chilli Local Sijunjung, Chilli Kuhay Padang Pariaman, Chilli Akar Solok Selatan, and Chilli Local Dharmasraya 2. Chilli Kuhay Padang Pariaman, and Chilli Akar Solok Selatan, have the closest relationship, 94%. In general, the chilies resulting from the exploration had narrow criteria for diversity except for the observation of fruit length of the Chilli Local Maninjau variety.
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Brahmana, Maria Nina Egyna, Sahara, and Nia Kurniawati Hidayat. "Price Volatility Analysis of Red and Cayenne Pepper of Java Islands during Covid-19 Pandemic." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 4, no. 4 (September 28, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.4.2.

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One of the food crops that is considered an essential commodity in Indonesia and has economic value is chilli. Chilli consumption continues to increase, especially red chilli and cayenne pepper, but since the Covid-19 Pandemic, consumption has decreased. Red chilli and cayenne pepper are commodities whose production is seasonal, easily damaged, and uneven throughout Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia was first on the island of Java, which shook the supply of agricultural products and caused colossal price fluctuations in the market. Since the implementation of large-scale restrictions in Indonesia, it has caused a hampering of product distribution between regions. Fluctuations in the price of red chili and cayenne pepper often impact the high contribution of chilli to inflation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the price volatility of red chili on Java Island and the price volatility of cayenne pepper on Java Island. The analysis method used is ARCH GARCH modelling to measure volatility. The results showed that the volatility of red chilli on Java Island is high. In contrast, the volatility of cayenne pepper on Java Island is low.
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Bayu, Eva Sartini. "Developing Red Chilli Downstream Business In Simalungun District." Journal of Saintech Transfer 2, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jst.v2i1.967.

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This training held at Gondang Rejo Farmers Group, Bandar Huluan District, Simalungun District. The purpose of this training is (1) provide broader knowledge to farmers in handling post-harvest red chili; (2) train and guide farmers in managing red chili to become a durable food product; and (3) increasing the economic value of red chili so that farmers do not experience losses when the harvest is abundant, and the price of chili is low. Development of local commodities, especially red chili; providing training material in the process of product manufacturing and packaging; Implementation of this training is the processing of fresh red chili into powdered red chili using a simple dryer and grinder capable of producing chili powder products that have a longer shelf life and are in accordance by the standard.The outcome will developed skill abilty,built networking and encourage red chilli farmers interest to increase the amount of production for continuity the supply side. By developing the downstream red chilli it could increase the income of the red chili farmers.
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Putri, Tika Leoni, Dyah Aring Hepiana Lestari, and Sudarma Widjaya. "EFISIENSI TEKNIS DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI CABAI MERAH ANGGOTA KOPERASI AGRO SIGER MANDIRI DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 8, no. 2 (July 9, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v8i2.4067.

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This study aims to analyze the technical efficiency of red chilli farming, the profitability of red chili farming, and factors that influence the profits of red chili farming and relative economic efficiency. Data collection was carried out in seven sub-districts, namely Sidomulyo, Candipuro, Kalianda, Palas, Penengahan, Ketapang, and Bakauheni of South Lampung District in September 2017 - January 2018. The number of respondents was 41 red chili farmers who were members of the independent Agro Siger Mandiri Cooperative taken by census. Data were analyzed using frontier production functions, income analysis, profit Unit Output Price function, and comparative analysis of relative economic efficiency. The results showed that the red chili farming is veryefficient technically. Red chili farming is beneficial for farmers. The factors influencing the profits of red chili farming are land size, price of pesticides per production, wages of labor per production, and planting groups. Economic efficiency of planting groupone is higher than planting group two.Key words: cooperation, frontier, income, red chilli, technical efficiency
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Romadhon, Pebri, Tomi Tristono, and Pradityo Utomo. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Diagnosa Penyakit Tanaman Cabai Merah Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS Berbasis Web di Desa Kerik Magetan Jawa Timur." Journal of Software Engineering Ampera 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51519/journalsea.v2i1.73.

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Kerik Village, Takeran District, Magetan Regency, part of the community, work as red chilli farmers. Farmers experience some difficulties in red chilli cultivation because farmers still have little experience in red chilli cultivation. The farmers cannot know the types of diseases and pests and the symptoms that hit chilli plants that can reduce the productivity of chilli plants and can even cause crop failure. In addition, farmers also do not have experience handling it when they encounter problems that hit chilli plants that are being cultivated. To assist farmers in overcoming these problems, a web-based decision support system was built using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The decision support system was created and designed using the Waterfall method and tested using the Blackbox Testing system testing method. With this decision support system, it is hoped that it will help farmers in Kerik Village diagnose diseases of the red chilli plants they cultivate. The test results from the Decision Support System for Diagnosing Red Chili Plant Diseases Using the Web-Based TOPSIS Method got the results as expected with the Blackbox Testing test, which brought the results of the percentage of system success of 100%.
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Zamili, Nista, Gustami Harahap, and Rahma Sari Siregar. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan dan Penawaran Cabe Merah." Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian ( JIPERTA) 2, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiperta.v2i1.71.

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This research aims to know what are the factors that influence the demand and supply of red pepper in MMTC market Medan Medan Estate sub district percut sei tuan deli serdang district. This research was carried out in July 2017. This research using sampling method with way of census and purposive sampling, in this research sam 20 for trader and sample for consumer 40. Sample in this research is merchant selling red chilli and consumer shopping red chilli in MMTC highway market Medan in village medan estate sub district percut sei host district deli serdang. Simultaneously consumer opinion has a significant influence in this case because if the opinion of red chili consumers is high it can affect the demand because the size of the opinion will be able to affect the demand for goods tersebuat.. Factors affecting the supplyple used is of red chili in Pasar Raya MMTC Medan simultaneously have a positive effect is the purchase price of red pepper, production cost, profit. Partially production cost give significant influence to red chilli supply in Pasar Raya MMTC Medan.
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Pertami, Rindha Rentina Darah, E. Eliyatiningsih, Abdurrahman Salim, and B. Basuki. "Optimization of Land Use Based on Land Suitability Class for the Development of Red Chillies in Jember Regency." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2022.009.1.18.

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Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is a horticulture comodities that high demand because it has a high economic value. The demand of Chilli increase every year as the population grows and the industry grows which requires Chilli as raw materials. The productivity of red chili in Jember Regency is also low, which is only 87.68 quintals hectare-1. Fluctuations in red chili production that occurred in the Jember area were caused by several things including an unsupportive environment such as declining soil fertility, high pest attacks, and excessive use of pesticides. Therefore there is a need for agricultural development in order to be able to meet food needs and increase export opportunities to neighboring countries. The parameters observed in this study were secondary data from the soil unit map. The secondary data referred to are soil drainage, soil depth in cm, slope related to erosion, altitude, standing water, soil cation exchange capacity, and soil pH. The improvement efforts made to improve the land suitability class is by setting the spacing, giving organic matter, agricultural lime, P fertilization, cutting and filling the land with a mound terrace system or bench terrace to reduce soil erosion.
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Fassya, Hasti Maulidya, Tundjung Tripeni Handayani, Sri Wahyuningsih, and Mahfut Mahfut. "Pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Dan Atonik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Merah Besar (Capsicum annuum L.)." Techno: Jurnal Penelitian 9, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/tjp.v9i1.1681.

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Large red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has a fairly complete nutrition and economic value. The supply of large red chili in the country is considered low compared to its demand, that’s why we need to increase its production. Increasing production can be done by fertilizing using natural fertilizers is coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) and administration of Growth Regulatory Substances (ZPT) is atonik. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of coconut water and atonic to the growth of large red chilli pepper sprouts determine which consentration of coconut water and atonic that has the most effective effect to the growth of large chilli pepper. This research was conducted in October - November 2019 at the Botany Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Lampung. This research was carried out using a 2x3 factorial design using young coconut water (a) with 3 levels of concentration ie 0% v / v (a1), 25% v / v (a2) and 50% v / v (a3) and atonic solution ( b) with 2 concentrations, namely 0% v / v (b1) and 10% v / v (b2). Data analysis is the data homogeneous first with the Levene test at 5% significance level. Data analysis using analysis of variance (Analysis Of Variance) ɑ = 5%. If the interaction between the two factors is real, then proceed with the determination of the simple effect of coconut water at each level of atonic concentration with the F test at 5% significance level. The results of this research shows that the use of atonic and coconut water effects the growth of large red chili plants, and the most effective concentration to the growth of large red chilli pepper plants is the combination of 0% coconut water + 10% atonic.
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Sari, Elsa Indah, Suhada Suhada, Fitri Anggraini, Dedy Hartama, and Ika Okta Kirana. "Prototype Alat Pengecekan dan Penyortir Kesegaran Cabai Berdasarkan Warna Menggunakan Sensor Tcs230 Berbasis Arduino." BEES: Bulletin of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bees.v2i1.762.

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This study aims to create an arduino- based tool to determine the freshness of red chillies using the TCS230 color sensor to facilitate chilli traders, supermarkets and markets in choosing good and bad quality based on the color of chili. Fresh chili will be red while the bad ones are usually dull red, slightly brownish and yellowish. TCS230 converts the color of light to fermentation with a square signal output with a frequency that is proportional to the current. The working principle is that the chili passes through the TCS230 sensor from the display of this tool, it will be seen the amount of color based on the specified chili criteria will produce chili output through checking and sorting the chillies of good and bad quality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "RED CHILLI"

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Gómez, E. Luis. "Plataforma de intercambio red mar y tierra : infraestructura para la transferencia marítima terrestre de pasajeros en el borde mar." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112603.

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Arquitecto
El presente proyecto busca consolidar el intercambio modal del Archipiélago, entre las Islas Menores y la Isla Grande de Chiloé. Esto, mediante infraestructura que facilite la movilidad, coordinando eficientemente cambio modal del transporte. Así se otorgará y realzara la vocación de intercambio que posee el borde mar chilote, identificando su estructura organizativa y funcional, clasificando las distintas escalas de intercambio que se desarrollan en el borde.
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Asai, Takao, Yasuo Tsuchiya, Kiyoshi Okano, Alejandro Piscoya, Nishi Carlos Yoshito, Toshikazu Ikoma, Tomizo Oyama, Kikuo Ikegami, and Masaharu Yamamoto. "Aflatoxin Contamination of Red Chili Pepper From Bolivia and Peru, Countries with High Gallbladder Cancer Incidence Rates." Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevetion, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/311040.

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Chilean red chili peppers contaminated with aflatoxins were reported in a previous study. If the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Chile is associated with a high level of consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated red chili peppers, such peppers from other countries having a high GBC incidence rate may also be contaminated with aflatoxins. We aimed to determine whether this might be the case for red chili peppers from Bolivia and Peru. A total of 7 samples (3 from Bolivia, 4 from Peru) and 3 controls (2 from China, 1 from Japan) were evaluated. Aflatoxins were extracted with acetonitrile:water (9:1, v/v) and eluted through an immuno-affinity column. The concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the detected aflatoxins were identified using HPLC-mass spectrometry. In some but not all of the samples from Bolivia and Peru, aflatoxin B1 or aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected. In particular, aflatoxin B1 or total aflatoxin concentrations in a Bolivian samples were above the maximum levels for aflatoxins in spices proposed by the European Commission. Red chili peppers from Bolivia and Peru consumed by populations having high GBC incidence rates would appear to be contaminated with aflatoxins. These data suggest the possibility that a high level of consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated red chili peppers is related to the development of GBC, and the association between the two should be confirmed by a case-control study.
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Hartzfeld, David Frederick. "Gerhard von Rad, Brevard S. Childs : two methodologies." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14496/.

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Sumpter, Philip E. "The substance of Psalm 24 : an attempt to read scripture after Brevard S. Childs." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2011. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2497/.

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This thesis seeks to contribute to the theory and practice of theological interpretation by explicating the inner coherence of B. S. Childs' "canonical approach" and by exemplifying that approach in an interpretation of Psalm 24. Part 1 concerns the theory. In this section I argue that Childs' approach rests upon a particular understanding of the nature of the Biblical text. In short, it has a twofold function, that of witnessing to the reality of God and that of shaping the community of faith in light of that reality. The God to whom it witnesses is himself involved in this witnessing activity in that he both evokes and infuses the tradition with his Spirit so that he may be known. The hermeneutical implication is that interpretation must attempt to grasp the reality "behind" the text while respecting the particular form in which that reality has been rendered. The result is a multi-level approach to interpretation involving a continuous dialectic between the witness (verbum) and its content (res). The affirmation of the nature of Scripture as an ongoing vehicle of revelation also implies the significance of the history of faithful Christian interpretation. Part 2 seeks to exemplify this approach by showing how such a multi-level interpretation of Psalm 24 is both possible and fruitful for our understanding of the reality to which it witnesses. I achieve this by moving through several stages. After reviewing contemporary methodology, I first provide a poetic analysis of the Psalm and conclude that it witnesses to the economy of God in a bid to call Israel to realize its true identity. I then provide a hypothesis of how the final form of the psalm is a result of a tradition historical process with its roots in the pre-exilic temple liturgy. This historical perspective not only clarifies the poetic shape of the psalm, it provides a bridge to discussing the question of the nature of the reality experienced within Israel's cult. I conclude that there is a parallel between the structure of this reality and the shape of Ps 24. I then both confirm and attempt to deepen our understanding of this reality by following canonical pointers internal to the psalm to three other bodies of text: Samuel, the Psalter, and Isaiah. Key to this broader context is the agency of the David found in Ps 24's superscription. I conclude my analysis by suggesting how a better grasp of the divine economy in the light of Christ may help us better understand the inner unity of Ps 24 itself.
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Pizarro, Canales Andrea. "El trabajo geométrico en clases de séptimo básico en Chile : un estudio de casos sobre la enseñanza de los triángulos." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC336.

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Cette investigation cherche à déterminer l’Espace de Travail Mathématique de référence et idoine (Kuzniak, 2011) sur l’enseignement des triangles en septième année de primaire (13 ans). La méthodologie suivie a été de type ex post-facto, non-experimentale-observationale. D’abord, nous avons fait une révision des objectifs et des tâches mathématiques offerts par les programmes officiels. Nous avons fait l’analyse des manuels scolaires que deux professeurs utilisent en vue de planifier leur cours, l’une est institutrice primaire spécialisée en mathématiques et l’autre est enseignant dans un lycée.Ensuite, nous avons étudié les discours des enseignants pendant les cours ordinaires du point de vue sémiotique, technologique et théorique. Nous avons observé lors de ces classes l’utilisation d’un répertoire de codes, lesquelles définissent des variables et des catégories de l’ETM et nous avons quantifiées leurs fréquences d’apparition. En même temps, nous avons décrit les tâches selon l’ETMG idoine selon une perspective qualitative.Les résultats montrent que l’ETMG de référence ne vise pas le développent du raisonnement mathématique. Sur 110 tâches analysées, le 8% traite le processus d’épreuve. Le 18% mobilise le semiplan [sem-ref], avec des tâches d’observation, de description et de désignation. Le 61% mobilise les planes [sem-ins] et épistémologique, avec des tâches de constatation des théorèmes. Nous analysons 173 tâches des manuels scolaires. Le 69% mobilise les plans [sem-ins] et épistémologiques, le 24% mobilise le semi-plan [sem-ref] et le 1% correspond au processus d’épreuve. Enfin, le discours technologique est très utilisé lors des classes, avec une présence discrète d’instruments géométriques et une absence du processus d’épreuve. D’après nos conclusions, la modification des documents officiels pourrait améliorer les processus d’enseignement-apprentissage et les résultats de test internationaux
This study aims to determine the reference and suitable Mathematical Working Space (MWS, ETM in French) (Kuzniak, 2011) regarding the teaching of triangles in Primary School (approximately 13-years-old students). The research design is observational, non-experimental or ex-post-facto.First, a preliminary analysis of the learning objectives and mathematical tasks suggested in the national curriculum was conducted. The textbooks used by two teachers for designing their lesson plans were analysed. One of them was a Primary Teacher with specialisation and the other a Secondary Teacher. Additionally, focus on the lessons’ development, it was analysed the teachers’ discourses named semiotic, technological, and theoretical based on a codebook, which defined the variables and categories emerging from the MWS. The frequencies of appearance of those variables were quantified. At the same time, the tasks implemented are described considering the suitable MWS’ effective from a qualitative perspective.The results reveal that the MWS of triangles references does not favour mathematical reasoning. Over 110 analysed tasks, 8% demanded trial process, 18% mobilised the half-plane [sem-ref] in which it was asked to observe, describe, and nominate. 61% mobilised the [sem-ins] and the epistemological planes asking to verify theorems. One hundred seventy-three (173) textbook tasks were analysed. 69% mobilised the [sem-ins] and epistemological planes, 24% the [sem-ref] half-plane and 1% corresponded to the trial process. The classrooms evidenced a high appearance of technological discourse, low presence of geometric instruments and the absence of the trial process. Modifying the official documents will improve teaching and learning processes and, in consequence, the international measurements' outcomes
Esta investigación busca determinar el Espacio de Trabajo Matemático de referencia e idóneo (Kuzniak, 2011) sobre la enseñanza de los triángulos en séptimo básico en Chile (13 años). El diseño de investigación es de tipo no experimental o ex post-facto, de carácter observacional.Primero, se realizan análisis preliminares de los objetivos de aprendizaje y las tareas matemáticas propuestas en los programas oficiales. Se analizan los textos escolares que utilizan dos profesoras para el diseño de sus clases, una profesora de primaria con mención, y otra, de secundaria. Adicionalmente, se estudia el desarrollo de sus clases, analizando sus discursos: semiótico, tecnológico y teórico, a partir de un libro de códigos. En él se definen variables y categorías a la luz del ETM, cuantificando sus frecuencias de aparición. Al mismo tiempo, se describen las tareas implementadas según el ETMG idóneo efectivo desde una perspectiva cualitativa.Los resultados muestran que el ETMG de referencia de triángulos no propicia el desarrollo de razonamiento matemático. Sobre 110 tareas analizadas, 8% solicita proceso de prueba, 18 % movilizan el semiplano [sem-ref], en el cual se pide observar, describir y nominar. 61% moviliza los planos [sem-ins] y epistemológico, pidiéndose constatar teoremas.Se analizan 173 tareas de los textos escolares. 69 % movilizan los planos [sem-ins] y epistemológico, 24 % el semiplano [sem-ref] y 1 % corresponde al proceso de prueba.Se evidencia en clases, una alta aparición del discurso tecnológico, baja presencia de instrumentos geométricos y ausencia del proceso de prueba.Modificar los documentos oficiales, mejorará los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Y como consecuencia los resultados en mediciones internacionales
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MALIK, SNEHA. "PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TURMERIC POWDER AND RED CHILLI POWDER (STRAIGHT SPICES)." Thesis, 2023. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/20009.

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This thesis report focuses on the quality testing of red chilli and turmeric in the Quality Assurance (QA) department of a spice manufacturing company. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality control measures in place for these spices and to identify any areas for improvement. The study consists of a literature review on quality testing methods for spices, an analysis of the company's current quality control measures, and a comparison of the results obtained from different testing methods. The study concludes that the current quality control measures are effective in ensuring the quality of the spices, but there is scope for improvement in terms of standardizing the testing methods and increasing the frequency of testing. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the quality testing of spices and makes recommendations for enhancing the quality control measures in the QA department. Spices have been associated with India since time immemorial. India, the “home of spices' ' is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of spices. India alone accounts for 70% of the world’s spice production. As per the UN Food & Agriculture Organization, the country produced 1,525,000 metric tons of spice in 2011. According to the Spice board, as many as 52 different species of spices are grown in India. The Indian Spice Board’s (ISB) spice definition goes as “in various forms; fresh, ripe, dried, broken, powdered, etc. that contributes aroma, taste, flavor, color and pungency to food.” Spices are obtained from different parts of the plant like leaves, stem, bark, fruits, flower, and seeds. Apart from imparting flavor, spices are also used as flavor disguisers to mask off flavors, as antioxidants, antimicrobials and as a preservation aid. Spices have also been reported to impart medicinal and physiological benefits. The flavor compounds of spices are trapped in the essential oils present in them, also known as oleoresins. Flavors are imparted by a combination of different components like terpenes, alcohols, phenols, esters, resins, alkaloids, organic acids and sulfur compounds. Along with flavor compounds, spices also contain proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, minerals and tannins or polyphenols. In the case of spices, quality can be defined as “fit for the purpose intended”. ISO 9000 has defined quality control as “A part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". Quality control operations refer to the precautionary steps used to regulate the finished product by some standard. The focus should be on the major quality requirements of spice and the quality control activities associated with the same. Spices and condiments are added to foods in small amounts but they make important contribution to the sensory qualities due to presence of volatile and v fixed oils. Apart from all these, consumption of spice provides infinite health benefits. In this study, the physical and chemical analysis of Red Chili and Turmeric was reported. It is done for detection of food adulterants in chilli powder and turmeric powder. Various samples of the above-mentioned spices were tested to determine the adulteration levels and the qualitative difference between them. The tests were carried out by chemical analysis and visual inspection in above mentioned products. Visual analysis is performed by using various parameters like colour, mold contamination, damaged matter, broken matter, rodent contamination, sieve size, etc. Chemical analysis is performed by some specific tests like moisture determination, Total ash determination Acid insoluble ash, crude fiber, non – volatile ether extract, colour value, etc.
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Van, Jhon Chen, and 周成文. "Price Volatility of Cayenne Pepper and Red Chili Pepper in Papua and Maluku Provinces, Indonesia." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8qqt95.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理國際碩士學位學程
105
Chili is a strategic vegetable commodity in Indonesia, especially for the cayenne pepper and red chili pepper. One of the factors contributing to the price of chili increased year by year due to the high demand of chili which the Indonesian people love and become an identity as cuisine culture of spicy distinctive. In 2010, chili was one of the top three commodities causing inflation. The chili price usually spiked quite high toward the end the year of until the beginning of the year to reach more than Rp100,000.00/kg, while at a certain price can fall below Rp10,000.00/kg. The varied and random fluctuations of chili contribute to the high volatility of prices in the market, so the price of chili is difficult to predict. This is the reason for price volatility will be a concern in recent years. Volatility refers to variations in economic variables over time. Volatility is not determined by the price level, but the level of price variations on the market. This study used the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model to test the price volatility and suitability as forecasting model of cayenne pepper and red chili pepper in Papua and Maluku Provinces so as to know the magnitude of future volatility on producer and consumer prices with time series data which is monthly data from January 2008 to December 2015. Then analyze the price correlation between cayenne pepper and red chili pepper in both provinces to provide an additional picture in recognizing the relationship of both commodities. The results showed that the volatility appeared only on producer prices for cayenne pepper and red chili pepper in both provinces with low volatility level. The market operation (with the reference price) conducted by the government through Ministry of Trade is quite effective in suppressing price uncertainty for the consumer market, as evidenced by no case of observation that has experienced price volatility of cayenne pepper and red chili pepper in both provinces for next period in 2016. On the other side, price correlation between cayenne pepper and red chili pepper on the producer market for Maluku Province show a significant correlation. Furthermore, the correlation is supported a negative and high relationship. Conversely, for the producer market in Papua Province and also the consumer markets in Papua and Maluku Provinces shows no significant relationship.
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Hung, Ke-Chun, and 洪克群. "Applying Multiplex PCR to Molecular Identification of the Social Form of Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Chiayi, Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79452821980036839011.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
94
The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is a dangerous and serious invader pest in Taiwan. It exhibits in two distinct social forms, the monogyne and polygyne forms. Besides, the type of control is also according to the social form. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the occurrence and distribution of the social forms for assessing management strategy. In this study, under the knowledge of Gp-9 gene which has been shown to be associated with the variation in S. invicta social forms: monogyne form has only the Gp-9B allele, whereas polygyne form possess Gp-9B and Gp-9b alleles, S. invicta are collected from eight locations in the infested region of Shueishang and Jhongpu Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan, between January 2005 and March 2006. Multiplex PCR was applied to identify the social form of S. invicta by using Gp-9-specific primers. The result indicates that S. invicta from all these eight locations are polygyne forms. All of them possess Gp-9B and Gp-9b alleles.
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Books on the topic "RED CHILLI"

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Derek, Brazell, Dysayon Vannak, and Hem Sary, eds. Lima's red hot chilli. London: Mantra, 1999.

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Mills, David. Lima de la jiao =: Lima's red hot chilli. London: Mantra, 1999.

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Karen, Thomas, and Marks & Spencer plc, eds. Chilli: A fiery feast of red-hot recipes. London: Marks and Spencer, 2004.

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Mills, David. Lima's red hot chilli =: Speci djegës i Limës. London: Mantra Publishing, 1999.

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Mills, David. Lima 'nin kırmızı acı biberi =: Lima's red hot chilli. London: Mantra, 1999.

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Mills, David. Lima et le piment rouge =: Lima's red hot chilli. London: Mantra Publishing Ltd, 2003.

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Mills, David. Quka wot đko ckua Lima =: Lima's red hot chilli. London: Mantra, 1999.

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Derek, Brazell, ed. El chile rojo y picante de Lima =: Lima's red hot chilli. London: Mantra Pub., 1999.

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Watts, Chris. Red Hot Chili Peppers: Sugar and spice. Chessington: Castle Communications, 1994.

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1962-, Smith Chad, ed. Red Hot Chili Peppers. New York: Abrams Image, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "RED CHILLI"

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Renupriya, P., H. B. Anita, and Smrithy R. Sunil. "Grading of Red Chilli, Cardamom and Coriander Using Image Processing." In Ambient Communications and Computer Systems, 425–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7952-0_40.

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Harniati, Harniati, Thomas Widodo, and Arifin Tasrif. "Disruption to Supply Chain of Red Chili." In Proceedings of the International Symposium Southeast Asia Vegetable 2021 (SEAVEG 2021), 238–46. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-028-2_26.

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Kusnaman, Djeimy, Indah Setiawati, Arief Kelik Nugroho, and Rifki Andi Novia. "Price Volatility Analysis of Red Cayenne Pepper and Curly Red Chili in Kebumen District." In Advances in Biological Sciences Research, 56–69. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-128-9_8.

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Siregar, Junita Juwita, and Arif Imam Suroso. "Big Data Analytics Based Model for Red Chili Agriculture in Indonesia." In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, 554–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70713-2_51.

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Berger, Carol. "Building the Red Army." In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army, 50–101. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156826-3.

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Getahun, Eshetu, Maarten Vanierschot, Nigus Gabbiye, Mulugeta A. Delele, Solomon Workneh, and Mekonnen Gebreslasie. "Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Red Chili Solar Cabinet Dryer." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 597–609. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43690-2_45.

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Berger, Carol. "The Red Army in Cuba." In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army, 102–40. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156826-4.

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Irawan and L. Pramudyani. "Financial Analysis of Biofertilizer Application: Case Study of Gliocompost Utilization on Red Chili Farming." In Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture, 175–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6790-8_15.

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Gold, Jerry. "Redl, Fritz." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 1233–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2376.

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Berger, Carol. "Post-war Status of Red Army Veterans." In The Child Soldiers of Africa's Red Army, 183–99. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156826-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "RED CHILLI"

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Alimuddin, Dwi Rahmat Aryanto, Dewa Made Subrata, Rida Oktorida Khastini, Nurmayulis, Ria Arafiyah, and Irma Saraswati. "Monitoring System of Humidity Environmental on Chilli Red Green House Aeroponic System." In 2nd and 3rd International Conference on Food Security Innovation (ICFSI 2018-2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210304.028.

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Zhao, Zhilei, Xiaoting Li, and Guangchen Wu. "Determination of Xylidine Ponceau 2R in Red Chilli Pepper by HPLC With Solid Phase." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.266.

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De Paredes Gallardo, Carla, Lucía Aparicio, Elisa Giménez, and Cristina Escamilla. "Prevención Primaria como aprendizaje experiencial real." In IN-RED 2018: IV Congreso Nacional de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2018.2018.8627.

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En este trabajo se presenta una actividad a los estudiantes universitarios mediante el “aprendizaje experiencial”, con el que desarrollar un proyecto dirigido a menores vulnerables con el fin de establecer una herramienta de prevención primaria en la escuela. Se seleccionó un tema transversal en asignaturas del Doble Grado de Criminología y Psicología, el “Child Grooming”, enfocado hacia una situación real, más allá de la “simulación”. Se pretende que los menores aprendan estrategias de identificación y evitación de ciertos peligros en la red. La metodología consistió en desarrollo por fases consecutivas: 1ª Unificación criterios con la institución donde se llevó a cabo la actividad; 2ª Desarrollo y elaboración de la herramienta; 3ª. Simulación; 4ª Situación real. Los resultados de la actividad fueron muy satisfactorios, desde el aprendizaje, hasta la utilidad. Las conclusiones, la puesta en marcha de esta metodología fue muy satisfactoria por varias razones: por llevar a cabo la práctica de lo aprendido y elaborado en relación con la titulación; por practicar la futura profesión en uno de sus ámbitos como es la “prevención”; por la sensación de sentirse útiles aportando su contribución a la comunidad, y como motivación para seguir estudiando, aprendiendo y creciendo en el campo profesional. Palabras clave: child grooming, prevención, learnig by doing, aprendizaje experencial, ciencias sociales
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Eliyatiningsih, Eliyatiningsih, Rindha Pertami, and Abdurrahman Salim. "Risk Management of Red Chili Farming in Wuluhan District Jember Regency." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Science, Humanity and Public Health, ICoSHIP 2022, 05-06 November 2022, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-11-2022.2326525.

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S. P. Cholera, N. C. Patel, and D. M. Vyas. "Development of Waste Fired Dryer for Drying Red Chillies." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.4742.

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Ram, Pusala Pawan Venkata Sai, Kaza Venkata Siva Yaswanth, Sujatha Kamepalli, Bodapati Siva Sankar, and Manpj Madupalli. "Deep Learning Model YOLOv5 for Red Chilies Detection from Chilly Crop Images." In 2023 IEEE 8th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct57861.2023.10126327.

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Bonifazi, Giuseppe, Riccardo Gasbarrone, and Silvia Serranti. "Dried red chili peppers pungency assessment by visible and near infrared spectroscopy." In Algorithms, Technologies, and Applications for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery XXV, edited by David W. Messinger and Miguel Velez-Reyes. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2517069.

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Damayanti, Karisma, Susanawati, and Muhammad Fauzan. "Flexibility of Red Chili Supply Chain in Panjatan District Kulon Progo Regency." In International Conference on Sustainable Innovation Track Accounting and Management Sciences (ICOSIAMS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.211225.037.

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Feng, Yang. "Parent-Child Palm-size Red Linked Picture Books Reading:." In 2021 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.102.

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Renate, Dharia, Lavlinesia, Editha Renesteen, Indriyani, and Novita Sari. "Chemical Properties of Ground Red Chili Based on Dihydrocapsaicin at Different Heating Process." In The 3rd Green Development International Conference (GDIC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210825.069.

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Reports on the topic "RED CHILLI"

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ENTECH ENGINEERING INC READING PA. Chilled Water Study EEAP Program for Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Book 1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330823.

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หนูจักร, ธรรมนูญ, อมร เพชรสม, and วาสนา โตเลี้ยง. การพัฒนาวิธีการวิเคราะห์และการหาปริมาณแคปไซซินและไดไฮโดรแคปไซซิน ในผลิตภัณฑ์พริกและอาหารรสเผ็ด : รายงานฉบับสมบูรณ์ ปี 2551 ( Development of analytical methods and determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in chili products and hot spicy food). จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2008.1.

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งานวิจัยนี้ได้พัฒนาวิธีการเตรียมตัวอย่างซอสพริก สำหรับปริมาณวิเคราะห์แคปไซซินอยด์ (CAPs) ด้วยเทคนิคไมเซลลาร์อิเล็กโทรไคเนทิกโครมาโทกราฟี (MEKC) ที่ได้พัฒนาแล้วจากงานวิจัยก่อนหน้านี้ โดยศึกษาและเปรียบเทียบผลของชนิดของตัวทำละลายอินทรีย์ที่ใช้สกัด (เอทิลอะซิเตตหรืออะซิโตไนไทรล์) แบบที่เติมเกลือและไม่เติมเกลือ พบว่าการสกัดตัวอย่างด้วยเอทิลอะซิเตตแบบเติมเกลือให้ประสิทธิภาพของการสกัด CAPs ที่ดีกว่า เมื่อศึกษาการสกัดด้วยวิธีนี้ โดยใช้ซอสพริกเตรียมที่ประกอบด้วย CAPs ที่ 20, 50 และ 100 ppm (µg/g) พบว่าได้ recovery ในช่วง 96-105% แสดงว่ามีความเที่ยงสูงทั้งภายในวัน (RSD <3.7%, n=5 batch) และต่างวันกัน (RSD <2.5%, เป็นเวลา 5วัน) เมื่อวิเคราะห์ตัวอย่างซอสพริกจริง 8 ตัวอย่าง ด้วย MEKC โดยเตรียมตัวอย่างด้วยวิธีที่พัฒนาขึ้น พบว่ามีปริมาณ CAPs ในช่วง 21-128 ppm โดยที่ 3 ตัวอย่างมีปริมาณ CAPs มากกว่า 50 ppm ซึ่งเกินปริมาณจำกัดของสหภาพยุโรป (European Commission) นอกจากนี้ปริมาณ CAPs ที่วิเคราะห์ได้จากต่างยี่ห้อกันไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับปริมาณพริกในซอสพริกและระดับความเผ็ดที่ระบุไว้ ดังนั้น MEKC และวิธีการเตรียมตัวอย่างที่พัฒนาขึ้นนี้จึงเป็นอีกทางเลือกหนึ่งของการวิเคราะห์ปริมาณ CAPs ในซอสพริก เพื่อควบคุมคุณภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์และเป็นข้อมูลความปลอดภัยของผู้บริโภคได้
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Campos, Maximiliano. Formación de la Administración Pública en entornos de red abierta de aprendizaje en Argentina, Chile y Uruguay. Vínculos entre Universidad, Estado y ONG. Fundación Carolina, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/ac_29.2021.

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Lambon-Quayefio, Monica P. The Challenges of Child Labour Research: Data Challenges and Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/acha.2021.006.

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his Rapid Review is an attempt to instigate a broader discussion on child labour by considering the various dimensions and angles associated with the phenomenon beyond the straitjacket definitions provided in most reports. Its objectives are threefold. First, it aims to determine whether re-analysis of existing data sets is likely to yield new insights into the forms, prevalence and drivers of children’s work in agriculture in Ghana. Second, it aims to provide specific guidance on how these re-analyses might be undertaken and framed. And third, it aims to determine whether any of the available data sets might be used to map the number or density of children to the main agro-ecological zones or agricultural systems. In doing this, the review describes the nature of child work in the agricultural sector, highlighting areas that have often been ignored in the literature. The conclusion offers suggestions for future research on child labour based on our renewed understanding of the broad concept of child work.
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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad, and Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.

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ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Rosser, Katy, Iulia Gherman, Erica Kintz, Paul Cook, and Anthony WIlson. Assessment of the risk to consumers as a result of disruption to the cold chain during direct supply of Qurbani meat and offal. Food Standards Agency, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.nuc910.

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Qurbani is a religious practice that takes place during Eid al-Adha. Consumers practicing Qurbani typically wish to collect meat and red offal within a short time after slaughter, which means these products cannot complete normal chilling processes before leaving the slaughterhouse. This could permit greater growth of pathogens and has the potential to increase the risk of consumer illness. The FSA is working with industry and stakeholder groups to ensure that the risk to consumers under these conditions remains at an acceptable level. To help inform these discussions, the FSA commissioned this assessment to understand the difference in risk from allowing meat and offal to be provided to consumers without the normal chilling process. The microbiological team at the FSA have analysed scientific literature, expert opinion and business and consumer survey data to assess the effect of disrupting the cold chain on pathogens in Qurbani meat. The pathogens that were chosen for inclusion in this assessment are non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens. Their growth characteristics and prevalence in beef, lamb and goat meat and offal are discussed. The assessment concluded that given the reported variation in the process, there were two important scenarios with distinct outcomes. In the typical scenario, which is the most likely outcome based on the collected data, there is no significant difference in risk to consumer health compared to normal chilling processes, and the risk level was established as Very Low (“very rare but cannot be excluded”). In a reasonably foreseeable worst-case scenario, Salmonella spp. and STEC levels may increase, presenting an increased risk to the consumer. This risk level was established as Low (“rare but does occur”). We also identified several areas where more evidence would be helpful, and as a result identified a High level of uncertainty in our conclusion.
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Nguyen, Yen Thi Hai, Truc Ngoc Hoang Dang, Brian Buh, and Isabella Buber-Ennser. CORESIDING WITH PARENTS, SON PREFERENCE, AND WOMEN’S DESIRE FOR ADDITIONAL CHILDREN IN VIETNAM. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x003e7385.

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Due to strong filial piety, parents(-in-law) play an important role in their adult daughters’ fertility decisions in Vietnam; women feel pressured to fulfil their duties to produce a male descendant for the family. However, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation mean that multigenerational households are becoming less common, despite having been the standard household structure for centuries. Based on the 2020–21 Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, we investigate if women who coreside with the parental generation are more likely to desire additional children. In an industrialised economy, grandparents may be an important source of childcare while simultaneously exerting pressure on their adult children to have additional children. Further, we explore the association of the sex of previous child(ren) to capture the pressure associated with son preference. Multivariate regressions reveal an association between coresiding with parents and the desire for a second child, regardless of the sex of the first child. Among women with two children, third-child desires do not appear to be associated with coresiding with parents but are substantially related to having two daughters. Given the strong two-child norm in Vietnam and previous policies implying negative consequences for parents with three or more children, few women show a desire for a third child. Those women who report a desire for a third child mostly have two daughters, reflecting societal norms about the need for a male heir.
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8

Bernal, CArolina, and Razvan Vlaicu. Child Labor, Rainfall Shocks, and Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Rural Households. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005058.

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This paper examines how rural households cope with climate change related rainfall shocks by re-allocating childrens time between domestic activities and school attendance. Households affected by an unanticipated rainfall shock face an inter-temporal trade-off between current household income and future potential earnings. Financial inclusion may mitigate or exacerbate the human capital impacts of rainfall shocks depending on whether it relaxes or constrains household budgets. The data come from a three-round panel household survey in rural Colombia collected between 2010-2016. The main findings are that rainfall shocks induce households to choose immediate benefits over long-run investments in education by increasing the incidence of child labor and household chores at the expense of school attendance. Over-indebtedness through pre-existing formal loans reinforces the likelihood that a child works due to rainfall shocks, whereas asset insurance, foreign remittances, and natural disaster aid mitigate or eliminate the shock-induced shift toward domestic activities and away from schooling.
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9

Oza, Shardul, and Jacobus Cilliers. What Did Children Do During School Closures? Insights from a Parent Survey in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/027.

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In this Insight Note, we report results of a phone survey that the RISE Tanzania Research team conducted with 2,240 parents (or alternate primary care-givers) of primary school children following the school closures in Tanzania. After the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Tanzania on 16 March 2020, the government ordered all primary schools closed the following day. Schools remained closed until 29 June 2020. Policymakers and other education stakeholders were concerned that the closures would lead to significant learning loss if children did not receive educational support or engagement at home. To help stem learning loss, the government promoted radio, TV, and internet-based learning content to parents of school-age children. The primary aims of the survey were to understand how children and families responded to the school closures, the education related activities they engaged in, and their strategies to send children back to school. The survey also measures households’ engagement with remote learning content over the period of school closures. We supplement the findings of the parent survey with insights from interviews with Ward Education Officers about their activities during the school closures. The survey sample is comprised of primary care-givers (in most cases, parents) of students enrolled in Grades 3 and 4 during the 2020 school year. The survey builds on an existing panel of students assessed in 2019 and 2020 in a nationally representative sample of schools.4 The parent surveys were conducted using Computer Assisted Telephonic Interviewing (CATI) over a two-week period in early September 2020, roughly two months after the re-opening of primary schools. We report the following key findings from this survey: *Almost all (more than 99 percent) of children in our sample were back in school two months after schools re-opened. The vast majority of parents believed it was either safe or extremely safe for their children to return to school. *Only 6 percent of households reported that their children listened to radio lessons during the school closures; and a similar fraction (5.5 percent) tuned into TV lessons over the same period. Less than 1 percent of those surveyed accessed educational programmes on the internet. Households with access to radio or TV reported higher usage. *Approximately 1 in 3 (36 percent) children worked on the family farm during the closures, with most children working either 2 or 3 days a week. Male children were 6.2 percentage points likelier to work on the family farm than female children. *Households have limited access to education materials for their child. While more than 9 out of 10 households have an exercise book, far fewer had access to textbooks (35 percent) or own reading books (31 percent). *One in four parents (24 percent) read a book to their child in the last week.
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Hao, Hongjuan, Li Feng, Lifei Dong, Wei Zhang, and XiaoLi Zhao. Reproductive outcomes of ectopic pregnancy with conservative and surgical treatment. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0032.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the natural pregnancy outcomes(IUP,REP) of ectopic pregnancy patients by comparing MTX versus surgery, MTX versus salpingostomy, MTX versus salpingectomy, salpingostomy versus salpingectomy, MTX versus expectant treatment. Condition being studied: Ectopic pregnancy(EP) remains one of the most common gynecological emergencies and a leading cause of maternal death in early pregnancy, Increase infertility and repeat ectopic pregnancy. Surgical treatment is considered the gold standard treatment, but with advances in early diagnosis, such as β -hCG levels and transvaginal ultrasound, EP can be diagnosed in the early stage, and the emergency operation rate and mortality rate of ectopic pregnancy are significantly reduced, and some patients can choose to expectant treatment or medical treatment, such as methotrexate (MTX). Naveed AK et al. suggests that expectant treatment is as safe and effective as MTX in EP patients with stable hemodynamic conditions and decreased or low β -hCG levels. The overall success rate of MTX is reported to be as high as 90% when choosing good indications. There is an increasing attention to reproductive outcomes for EP patients, especially for those who want to have a child, so it is crucial to clarify the impact of each treatment modality on natural pregnancy outcome.
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