Relevant bibliographies by topics / Red algae

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Red algae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Red algae"

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Rasha Hamdy, Rasha Hamdy. "Diversity and Distribution of Polychaetes Associated with Macroalgae along the Alexandria Coast, Egypt." journal of king abdulaziz university marine science 28, no. 2 (February 4, 2018): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/mar.28-2.5.

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The relationship between benthic macroalgae and associated polychaetes was studied monthly from October 2014 to October 2015 along the Alexandria coast, Egypt. A total of 56 polychaete species were found among 28 macroalgal species, which belonging to green, brown and red algae. The red algae hosted pronouncedly higher number of polychaete species than the brown and green algae, particularly during winter and spring, while green algae were associated with higher number of polychaete species in January, April, August and October 2015. In contrast, the average count of polychaete individuals associated with the green algae was higher in winter and autumn than that recorded with the red algae, while low with both red and green algae in spring and summer, and very poor within the brown algae. The present study revealed that the structure of algal species my affect the diversity and abundance of the associated polychaetes and the diversity of these worms varied among the hosting algal species.
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Brawley, Susan H., Nicolas A. Blouin, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Glen L. Wheeler, Martin Lohr, Holly V. Goodson, Jerry W. Jenkins, et al. "Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome ofPorphyra umbilicalis(Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 31 (July 17, 2017): E6361—E6370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703088114.

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Porphyra umbilicalis(laver) belongs to an ancient group of red algae (Bangiophyceae), is harvested for human food, and thrives in the harsh conditions of the upper intertidal zone. Here we present the 87.7-Mbp haploidPorphyragenome (65.8% G + C content, 13,125 gene loci) and elucidate traits that inform our understanding of the biology of red algae as one of the few multicellular eukaryotic lineages. Novel features of thePorphyragenome shared by other red algae relate to the cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, the cell cycle, and stress-tolerance mechanisms including photoprotection. Cytoskeletal motor proteins inPorphyraare restricted to a small set of kinesins that appear to be the only universal cytoskeletal motors within the red algae. Dynein motors are absent, and most red algae, includingPorphyra, lack myosin. This surprisingly minimal cytoskeleton offers a potential explanation for why red algal cells and multicellular structures are more limited in size than in most multicellular lineages. Additional discoveries further relating to the stress tolerance of bangiophytes include ancestral enzymes for sulfation of the hydrophilic galactan-rich cell wall, evidence for mannan synthesis that originated before the divergence of green and red algae, and a high capacity for nutrient uptake. Our analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the red algae, which are both commercially important and have played a major role in the evolution of other algal groups through secondary endosymbioses.
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Mikhaylova, T. A. "Vegetation of the red algal belt of the White Sea (European Arctic, Russia)." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 53, no. 1 (2019): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2019.53.1.39.

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In 2016–2018, during the summer period, the first detail studies of the red algal belt of the White Sea were carried out time with SCUBA diving at the Chupa Inlet, near the Cape Kartesh, and at the Kolvitsa Inlet (the Kandalaksha Bay), in the vicinity of Sonostrov Island (the White Sea Basin) and Bolshoy Zhuzhmuy Island (the Onega Bay). The upper boundary of the red algal belt lies at a depth of about 7 m, and the lower boundary, at a depth of about 20 m. In the White Sea, the algae distribution in the lower part of the photic zone depends on the geomorphological structure of the bottom and on the composition of the accompanying sedentary fauna, so the lower boundary may vary in the depth range from 14 down to 23 m. In total, 87 species of algae belonging to the three large taxonomic groups have been registered: Chlorophyta (13), Phaeophyceae (33), and Rhodophyta (41). Significant richness of the species composition, vertical zoning, and a variety of phytocoenoses of the red algal belt in different parts of the White Sea have been found. Phytocoenoses of the red algal belt refer to three associations: ass. Odonthalia dentata(–Pseudolithoderma extensum), ass. Phycodrys rubens+Coccotylus truncatus(–Pseudolithoderma extensum), and ass. Lithothamnion glaciale. Nineteen species of macrophytes were the most common and characteristic representatives of the red algal belt, including thirteen species of red algae, four species of brown algae, and two species of green algae. It has been found that abundant and characteristic species of the red algal belt have an additional edificatory function in the studied phytocoenoses, being the consorts that carry rich epiflora and form favorable conditions for increasing the species diversity of algae in the lower phytal zone. The observed rapid shrinkage of the depth range of the kelp and red algal belts, as well as the changes in the vertical distribution of some other algal species in the White Sea, require specific attention concerning altering of their habitat conditions.
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Rockwell, Nathan C., Deqiang Duanmu, Shelley S. Martin, Charles Bachy, Dana C. Price, Debashish Bhattacharya, Alexandra Z. Worden, and J. Clark Lagarias. "Eukaryotic algal phytochromes span the visible spectrum." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 10 (February 24, 2014): 3871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1401871111.

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Plant phytochromes are photoswitchable red/far-red photoreceptors that allow competition with neighboring plants for photosynthetically active red light. In aquatic environments, red and far-red light are rapidly attenuated with depth; therefore, photosynthetic species must use shorter wavelengths of light. Nevertheless, phytochrome-related proteins are found in recently sequenced genomes of many eukaryotic algae from aquatic environments. We examined the photosensory properties of seven phytochromes from diverse algae: four prasinophyte (green algal) species, the heterokont (brown algal) Ectocarpus siliculosus, and two glaucophyte species. We demonstrate that algal phytochromes are not limited to red and far-red responses. Instead, different algal phytochromes can sense orange, green, and even blue light. Characterization of these previously undescribed photosensors using CD spectroscopy supports a structurally heterogeneous chromophore in the far-red–absorbing photostate. Our study thus demonstrates that extensive spectral tuning of phytochromes has evolved in phylogenetically distinct lineages of aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Lewin, Ralph A. "Algae in red." Nature 360, no. 6400 (November 1992): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/360119a0.

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Ghosh, Amit K., and Suman Sarkar. "Contemporary taxonomic perspectives of fossil Coralline Red Algae: their possible origin and evolution." Journal of Palaeosciences 59, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2010): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2010.193.

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Studies done by various phycologists have brought about remarkable changes in the present-day coralline algal taxonomy. The taxonomy of fossil coralline red algae also has been under the process of continuous revision and modification since 1993. Prior to 1993 it was believed that several diagnostic characters used in recent coralline red algae were unpreservable in fossil forms. Palaeoalgologists have now understood the value of unification of taxonomy, for extant and fossil corallines to accurately interpret the phylogeny, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Phylogenetically, the corallines are very important as they represent a major evolutionary line within the red algae as evidenced by anatomical studies on recent forms as well as various studies on gene sequence analysis. The present contribution deals with the remarkable changes that have taken place since 1993 in the taxonomic aspects of fossil coralline algae and the modern trends of research in this context. Presently, an attempt has been made to establish the possible origin and evolution of coralline red algae.
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Wen, Xianying, Giuseppe C. Zuccarello, Tatyana A. Klochkova, and Gwang Hoon Kim. "Oomycete pathogens, red algal defense mechanisms and control measures." Algae 38, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.12.13.

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Oomycete pathogens are one of the most serious threats to the rapidly growing global algae aquaculture industry but research into how they spread and how algae respond to infection is unresolved, let alone a proper classification of the pathogens. Even the taxonomy of the genera <i>Pythium</i> and <i>Olpidiopsis</i>, which contain the most economically damaging pathogens in red algal aquaculture, and are among the best studied, needs urgent clarification, as existing morphological classifications and molecular evidence are often inconsistent. Recent studies have reported a number of genes involved in defense responses against oomycete pathogens in red algae, including pattern-triggered immunity and effectortriggered immunity. Accumulating evidence also suggests that calcium-mediated reactive oxygen species signaling plays an important role in the response of red algae to oomycete pathogens. Current management strategies to control oomycete pathogens in aquaculture are based on the high resistance of red algae to abiotic stress, these have environmental consequences and are not fully effective. Here, we compile a revised list of oomycete pathogens known to infect marine red algae and outline the current taxonomic situation. We also review recent research on the molecular and cellular responses of red algae to oomycete infection that has only recently begun, and outline the methods currently used to control disease in the field.
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Hultgren, Kristin M., and Hannah Mittelstaedt. "Color change in a marine isopod is adaptive in reducing predation." Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.739.

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Abstract Although background matching is a common form of camouflage across a wide diversity of animals, there has been surprisingly little experimental work testing the fitness consequences of this camouflage strategy, especially in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested whether color camouflage enhances survival of the intertidal marine isopod Pentidotea (Idotea) wosnesenskii, quantified patterns of camouflage in different algal habitats, and examined how algal diet affected color change and growth using laboratory assays. In the field, isopods collected from two differently colored algal habitats (the brown alga Fucus distichus and the red alga Odonthalia floccosa) matched the color of their respective algal habitats, and also differed significantly in body size: smaller red isopods were found on red algae, while larger brown isopods were found on brown algae. Predation experiments demonstrated these color differences had fitness benefits: brown isopods that matched their brown algae habitats survived at higher rates than red unmatched isopods. Surprisingly, despite the propensity of isopods to match their algal habitats, algal diet had no effect on color change in color change experiments. Instead, isopods in all treatments turned browner, matching the color of the algal habitat that many isopods are found on as adults. In summary, our data supported our hypothesis that background matching serves an adaptive function in reducing predation, with important evolutionary implications for explaining the wide variation in color change mechanisms in idoteid isopods.
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Khan, Alia L., Heidi M. Dierssen, Ted A. Scambos, Juan Höfer, and Raul R. Cordero. "Spectral characterization, radiative forcing and pigment content of coastal Antarctic snow algae: approaches to spectrally discriminate red and green communities and their impact on snowmelt." Cryosphere 15, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-133-2021.

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Abstract. Here, we present radiative forcing (RF) estimates by snow algae in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region from multi-year measurements of solar radiation and ground-based hyperspectral characterization of red and green snow algae collected during a brief field expedition in austral summer 2018. Our analysis includes pigment content from samples at three bloom sites. Algal biomass in the snow and albedo reduction are well-correlated across the visible spectrum. Relative to clean snow, visibly green patches reduce snow albedo by ∼40 % and red patches by ∼20 %. However, red communities absorb considerably more light per milligram of pigment compared to green communities, particularly in green wavelengths. Based on our study results, it should be possible to differentiate red and green algae using Sentinel-2 bands in blue, green and red wavelengths. Instantaneous RF averages were double for green (180 W m−2) vs. red communities (88 W m−2), with a maximum of 228 W m−2. Based on multi-year solar radiation measurements at Palmer Station, this translated to a mean daily RF of ∼26 W m−2 (green) and ∼13 W m−2 (red) during peak growing season – on par with midlatitude dust attributions capable of advancing snowmelt. This results in ∼2522 m3 of snow melted by green-colored algae and ∼1218 m3 of snow melted by red-colored algae annually over the summer, suggesting snow algae play a significant role in snowmelt in the AP regions where they occur. We suggest impacts of RF by snow algae on snowmelt be accounted for in future estimates of Antarctic ice-free expansion in the AP region.
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Rajanikanth, A. "Rock building Cretaceous - Tertiary algae from India - an ecological perspective." Journal of Palaeosciences 40 (December 31, 1991): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1991.1790.

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Fossil benthonic photosynthetic algae capable of calcification contributed to the formation of Indian Cretaceous-Tertiary carbonate deposits. A comparative assessment of different marine calcareous algal assemblages known from various sedimentary basins and their ecological requirements have been highlighted. A comprehensive synthesis and retrospect of research on calcareous algae demonstrate extensive growth of green and red algae during Cretaceous-Tertiary times in India. The calcareous blue-green algae are feebly represented in the Cretaceous deposits and not recorded from the Tertiary deposits. Various ecological factors determined the distribution of different calcareous algal groups. An apparent extinction of calcareous algae is attributed to gaps in our knowledge and evolutionary changes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Red algae"

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Tam, Carol Elizabeth. "A morphological and cytological study of Audouinella porphyrae and A. vaga (Rhodophyta)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25055.

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A comparative study was made between two similar red algal endophytes, Audouinella porphyrae (Drew) Garbary and Audouinella vaga (Drew) Garbary, Hansen et Scagel, (Acrochaetiaceae, Acrochaetiales) and their red algal hosts Porphyra spp. and Pterosiphonia bipinnata, respectively. Both endophytes have axial, stellate chloroplasts with a central pyrenoid and reside in their host's cell walls, producing erect portions outside the host that may bear monosporangia. The endophytes were cultured "free" from their hosts and morphological and cytological features of the free-living forms were compared with field material. Although the two endophytes differ significantly in cell dimensions and branching patterns, the free-living forms do not retain these differences. Cell dimensions, branching patterns and developmental patterns are identical in the two free-living forms. Asexual reproduction with regeneration by monospores was observed. Sexual reproduction was not observed in either endophytic or free-living forms of the endophytes. Free-living forms were used for re-infection and cross-infection experiments. Under all experimental conditions, the endophytes showed only epiphytic growth. The hosts seem to have some effect on both of the endophytes. Epiphytes, Audouinella porphyrae and A. vaga were not selective and grew on both hosts, Porphyra torta and Pterosiphonia bipinnata. Both epiphtyes growing on blades of Porphyra tended to branch and have more extensive prostrate portions (3-5 cells) whereas both epiphytes on Pterosiphoni a bipinnata tend not to branch and have only 1-2 cells in the prostrate portions. Ultrastructural studies of both endophytes showed typical florideophycean features. Ultrastructural features of field material of the two endophytes were similar and free-living, cultured endophytes were similar to field material. A large vacuole was observed in sections of the field material of both prostrate and erect portions whereas this was not observed in cultured material. Based on the results of this study it is proposed that the two endophytes are conspecific. Audouinella vaga is referred to synonymy in Audouinella porphyrae (Drew) Garbary, Hansen et Scagel.
Science, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Graduate
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Hunt, Jannine M. "A psbA phylogeny for selected rhodophyceae /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-2/huntj/janninehunt.pdf.

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Carter, Alan Robert. "Studies on the biology of the economic marine red alga Gelidium pristoides (Turner) Kuetzing (Gelidiales : Rhodophyta)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004774.

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Various aspects of the biology of the intertidal agarophyte, Gelidium pristoides, were investigated, with the aim of providing information that would assist in formulating a management policy for this economic seaweed resource. G.pristoides occurs as tufts comprising as many as 40 individual plants, representing all three conspicuous life history stages, that are linked by the intertwining of their basal creeping axes. Individual plants consist of a system of branched creeping axes, which is largely responsible for colonizing surrounding substrata, from which one or more erect flattened fronds arise. These erect fronds may reach a height of 15 cm, and are irregularly bipinnately branched. Internal vegetative anatomy is generally typical of the genus. Morphological variation in mature plants is limited to increased plant height and branch density during the summer season. A dorso-ventrally flattened creeping habit was seen during early recruitment on flat rock surfaces and limpet shells within grazer exclusion plots, which developed into typical erect plants. Although there is a close taxonomic affinity between G.pristoides and the low-growing Gelidium turf, which occurs on wave-cut platforms in the eastern Cape (both produce bispores), the turf appears to represent a genetically divergent ecotype of the typical G.pristoides habit. In the light of present observations, it is suggested that the recent inclusion of G.pristoides in the new Onikusa genus should be questioned. Reproduction in G.pristoides is typical of the genus, except for the production of bispores, instead of tetraspores, in the sporophyte generation. The smaller nuclei in the binucleate bispores, in comparison to carpospores, suggested they are the product of normal meiosis (meiospores). This was confi rmed by chromosome counts of germl i ngs deri ved from bispores (n = 13-17) and carpospores (2n = 28-33). Throughout the geographical range of the seaweed, the bisporophyte generation is dominant over the combined male and female gametophyte generati on by a ratio of about 3 : 1. This imbalance may be due to bispores. G.pristoides a greater germination success of carpospores over plants are fertile throughout the year, while at Port Alfred there is no apparent seasonality in spore release. Growth of carpospore and bispore germlings is similar under various temperature treatments in culture. Optimum temperatures for growth were from 15-23°C, which corresponds with the sea temperatures experienced within the geographical range of the species . At Port Alfred, growth (linear frond elongation) and standing crop levels were maximal during summer . Ory weight levels were significantly inversely related to both growth and ash levels. Agar contents (% of dry weight) were generally greater in summer (48% ) than in winter (30%), and were inversely correlated with thallus nitrogen levels. Agar contents of distal plant halves were higher (8-15%) than in proximal halves. Regrowth of G.pristoides to original biomass or standing crop levels after harvesting, is similar for plucking and shearing at different times of the year. Regrowth is more rapid after spring and summer harvests (2-3 months) than after winter harvests (4-5 months). During the summer season, harvesting at monthly intervals showed significantly greater total yields, and production rates (e.g . 3.13 g. dry wt. / m2 / day for plucking) than under 3-monthly intervals (1.42 g. dry wt. / m2 / day for plucking). In contrast, average yields per harvest were Significantly greater when recovery period was longer (e.g. 3 months). Quadrats that were completely denuded failed to recover after a year, while regrowth was also retarded with increased elevation on the shore. Agar contents did not differ Significantly between plucked (38%) and sheared (42%) plant material. G.pristoides is distributed from about 0 . 2-0.75 m above MLWS, with a reduction in stature and frequency corresponding to increased elevation on the shore. Frond elongation rates, germling survival and recruitment within grazer-exclusion plots, is retarded with increased elevation level. Plants transplanted above the normal vertical range of the seaweed became severely bleached and died, while plants transplanted below the normal range of the seaweed (sub littoral fringe) senesced due to overgrowth by the epiphytic encrusting coralline, Polyporolithon patena (Hook . et Harv . ) Mason . G.pristoides recrui t ment in the sublittoral fri nge was enhanced with the exclusion of grazers . However, successful recruits were displaced due to smothering by articulated corallines (e.g. Corallina sp. and Jania sp. ) . G.pristoides is largely restricted to cracks and crevices in the rock, and also occurs on a large proportion of the available shells of the limpet Patella oculus Born., and to a lesser extent, shells of the barnacle Tetraclita serrata. G.pristoides recruitment was significantly enhanced by the exclusion of grazers (using toxic antifouling paint barriers). G.pristoides recruitment within the exclusion plots was significantly greater on artificially attached limpet shells (almost 100% cover) than on rock surfaces (20-30% cover), which occurred largely within cracks and crevies in the rocky substratum. ly attached to limpet G.pristoides plants are significantly more strongand barnacle shells than to rock and epilithic encrusting corallines (Lithothamnion sp.). Removal of G.pristoides from limpet shells revealed pits of a uniform size in the surface of the shells, into which the rhizoidal attachment organs of the seaweed penetrate. It is concluded that the horizontal distribution of G.pristoides is largely controlled by grazers (and "escapes" from grazing) and resistance to dislodgement by wave action. Based on present results, and considering some of the socio-economic factors associated with the Gelidium industry in South Africa, suggestions are made concerning the management and long-term maintenance of G.pristoides resources in the eastern Cape.
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Browne, K. L. "Mariculture of the edible red algae, Palmaria palmata." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368754.

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Hector, Stanton Bevan Ernest. "Molecular studies of galactan biosynthesis in red algae." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85620.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sulfated galactans (agarans and carrageenans) are accumulated in the cell wall of various red algae (Rhodophyta) species. These polysaccharides are of commercial importance in the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries due to their unique physicochemical properties. Although having received significant research attention over the last 20 years, events regarding their biosynthesis have not been elucidated. Aiming for the identification of galactosyltransferase (GalT) genes involved in sulfated galactan biosynthesis, cDNA expression libraries were constructed from the prolific agar-producing South African red seaweed Gelidium pristoides (Turner) Kützing and screened by functional complementation of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase deficient mutants (E. coli and S. cerevisiae). Regretfully, no GalTs were identified. The study however yielded the first UGE enzyme described for a red seaweed. Southern hybridization indicated the presence of two UGE copies and confirmed the gene originated from G. pristoides. Bioinformatic analysis of G. pristoides UGE shows amino acid sequence homology to known UGEs from various organisms. The enzyme was shown to be functional in E. coli crude extracts and showed affinity for UDP-D-galactose, similar to other UDP-galactose 4-epimerases. Further, the isolated G. pristoides UGE (GpUGE) was biochemically characterized and its kinetic parameters determined. We found that there was no kinetic difference between this enzyme and previously described UGE enzymes except enhanced activity in the presence of exogenously added NAD+. The UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, UGE, EC 5.1.3.2) is an essential Leloir pathway enzyme facilitating the catalytic inter-conversion between UDP-D-glucose and UDP-D-galactose. UDP-D-galactose is the nucleotide sugar required by galactosyltransferases for the production of red algae sulfated galactans. UGE is suspected as being responsible for supplying UDP-D-galactose for the synthesis of sulfated galactans. In planta monitoring of GpUGE transcript levels with respect to dark and light cycling indicated high expression of the enzyme at night, while expression diminished during the day. The occurrence of increased nocturnal UGE expression correlates with floridean starch breakdown at night. Evidence for hydrolysis of floridean starch is also reflected in obtained G. pristoides transcriptome sequence data. In red algae, floridean starch degradation coincides with sulfated galactan production. The detection of starch hydrolysis enzyme transcripts alongside increased expression of GpUGE suggests the enzyme plays a role in supplying UDP-Dgalactose for sulfated galactan production. As far as we know, this the first report of sequencing and biochemical characterization of a UGE from red seaweed.
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Nylund, Göran M. "Epibiosis of red algae and algal metabolites as settlement inhibitors of the barnacle Balanus improvisus Darwin." Göteborg [Sweden] : Dept. of Marine Botany, Göteborg University, 1999. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/20311.

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Thesis (master's)--Göteborg University, 1999.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 25, 2007). At head of title: Tjärno Marine Biological Laboratory. Includes bibliographical references (p. 13-14).
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Snare, David Joseph. "Mechanistic evaluation of red algal extracts that slow aging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49050.

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Aging results from an accumulation of damage to macromolecules inhibiting cellular replication, repair, and other necessary functions. Damage may be due to environmental stressors such as metal toxicity, oxidative stress caused by imperfections in electron transfer reactions, or other metabolic processes. In an effort to discover medical treatments that counteract this damage, we have initiated a program to search for small molecule drugs from natural sources. We have identified marine red algae as a source of natural products that slow aging of the invertebrate rotifer Brachionus manjavacas. Rotifers are a promising model organism for life extension studies as they maintain a short, measurable lifespan while also having an accepted literature precedent related to aging. Rotifer lifespan was increased 9-14% by exposure to three of 200 screened red algal extracts. Bioassay guided fractionation led to semi-purified extracts composed primarily of lipids responsible for rotifer life extension. The life extending effects of these small molecule mixtures are not a result of their antioxidant capacity; instead they may activate pathways that slow the accumulation of cellular damage. An understanding of how these natural products interact with their molecular targets could lead to selective and efficient treatments for slowing aging and reducing age related diseases.
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Goodman, Keri M. "Freshwater red algae use activated chemical defenses against herbivores." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41208.

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Chemically mediated interactions have important ecological and evolutionary effects on populations and communities. Despite recognition that herbivory can significantly affect the biomass and composition of freshwater macrophyte communities, there are few investigations of chemical defenses among freshwater vascular plants and mosses and none of freshwater red algae. This study compares the palatability of five species of freshwater red algae (Batrachospermum helminthosum, Boldia erythrosiphon, Kumanoa sp., Paralemanea annulata, and Tuomeya americana) that occur in the southeastern United States relative to two co-occurring macrophytes (the chemically defended aquatic moss Fontinalis novae-angliae and the broadly palatable green alga Cladophora glomerata). We assessed the potential role of structural, nutritional, and chemical traits in reducing macrophyte susceptibility to generalist crayfish grazers. Both native and non-native crayfish significantly preferred the green alga C. glomerata over four of the five species of red algae. B. erythrosiphon was palatable, while the cartilaginous structure of P. annulata reduced its susceptibility to grazing, and chemical defenses of B. helminthosum, Kumanoa sp., and T. americana rendered these species as unpalatable as the moss F. novae-angliae. Extracts from these latter species reduced feeding by ~30-60% relative to solvent controls if tissues were crushed (simulating herbivore damage) prior to extraction in organic solvents. However, if algae were first soaked in organic solvents that inhibit enzymatic activity and then crushed, crude extracts stimulated or had no effect on herbivory. B. helminthosum, Kumanoa sp., and T. americana all exhibited "activated" chemical defenses in which anti-herbivore compounds are produced rapidly upon herbivore attack via enzymatic processes. In an additional accept/reject behavioral assay, B. helminthosum extracts reduced the number of crayfish willing to feed by >90%. Given that three of the five red algal taxa examined in this study yielded deterrent crude extracts, selection for defensive chemistry in freshwater rhodophytes appears to be substantial. Activated chemical defenses are thought to be an adaptation to reduce the resource allocation and ecological costs of defense. As such, activated chemical defenses may be favored in freshwater red algae, whose short-lived gametophytes must grow and reproduce rapidly. Roughly 20% of the known chemical defenses produced by marine algae are activated; further examination is needed to determine whether the frequency of activated chemistry is higher in freshwater red algae compared to their marine counterparts. Continued investigation of chemical defenses in freshwater red algae will contribute to among-system comparisons, providing new insights in the generality of plant-herbivore interactions and their evolution.
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Renfrew, Dawn Elizabeth. "Gelidiales (rhodophyta, red algae) in British Columbia and Northern Washington : taxonomy, morphology, development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29170.

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A study of the red algal order Gelidiales in British Columbia and northern Washington was conducted. Gelidiales are represented in the study area by four species, Gelidium coulteri, G. purpurascens, G. vagum and Pterocladia caloglossoides, and a key to identify the taxa is provided. Earlier reports of G. crinale, G. pusillum, G. robustum and G. sinicola from British Columbia and northern Washington have been shown to be misidentifications of the other taxa and are excluded from the flora. The occurrence of G. vagum in the British Columbian flora is significant because it appears to have been introduced from the northwest Pacific and now has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Japan and China and on two islands in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Gelidium vagum and the Gulf of California species, G. johnstonii, are considered to be sister species. They share the unique character of monoecy (i.e. unique in the genus) and a morphological resemblance, but differ in several other characters, including arrangement of cortical cells, shape and flattening of tetrasporangial stichidia, shape of stichidial apices and position of the apical initial with respect to the adjacent cortex, presence/absence of an apical furrow and sterile margin in tetrasporangial stichidia and presence/absence of intact third order filaments in mature cystocarps. The life history of Gelidium vagum was completed in culture, only the second Gelidium species for which this has been accomplished. Gelidium vagum has a triphasic Polysiphonia-type life history with isomorphic (monoecious) gametophytes and tetrasporophytes, and carposporophytes growing on gametophytes. The rare occurrence (G. purpurascens, G. coulteri) or absence (Pterocladia caloglossoid.gametophytes in the field and the lack of successful completion of a life history in culture suggests that, whereas these species may occasionally complete a Polysiphonia-type life history in situ, vegetative or apomictic mechanisms are more important in maintaining field populations. Chromosome counts of n = 14 - 15 were made on undivided tetrasporangia of G. vagum. The pattern of spore germination in Gelidium coulteri, G. purpurascens and G. vagum is similar for carpospores and tetraspores. A single germ tube grows from the spore, the entire cytoplasmic contents of the spore evacuate into the germ tube and a wall cuts the germ tube off from the empty spore. The germ tube divides unequally to form a concave and a fusiform cell. The primary attachment rhizoid forms from a derivative of the concave cell and the sporeling apical cell forms from a fusion cell derivative. As apical organization is established, the subapical cell produces two lateral periaxial cells. Carpogonium and carposporophj'te development was followed in Gelidium purpurascens and G. vagum. The functional carpogonium is intercalary. Non-functional carpogonia divide transversely with a concave wall and become sessile and degenerate. The fertilized carpogonium consistenty forms a fusion cell by fusing with adjacent cortical cells. Fusion cell lobes cut off gonimoblast filaments that send out processes that fuse with haploid gametophyte cells of nutritive chains. Carposporangia are produced terminally and laterally by gonimoblast cells and protrude into two locules that have formed as the cortex is pushed away from the plate of second order filaments. Carpospores are released through a single ostiole in each locule. Spermatogenesis, tetrasporogenesis and rhizine morphology were studied ultrastructurally for the first time in Gelidiales. In spermatangial development, apical chloroplasts in the spermatangial mother cell are cut off by a furrow, a mechanism previously not reported in red algae for exclusion of chloroplasts from spermatangia. As the spermatangium matures, spermatangial vacuoles form from the coalescence of vesiculated endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosome-derived vesicles. Spermatangial vacuoles are discharged from the spermatangium just prior to the release of the spermatium. Stages of tetrasporangium development are marked by wall development. Prior to karyokinesis, the young tetrasporangium is dominated by a large nucleus. Following karyokinesis, chloroplasts, starch grains and dictyosomes increase in abundance, a wall layer is deposited, and dictyosomes undergo a series of morphological changes from small and flat, to large and flat producing fibrillar vesicles, to hemispherical and producing cored vesicles. At cytokinesis an electron dense wall layer is deposited around the tetrasporangium and in the cleavage furrow, and cored vesicles secrete a mucilage-like material inside this wall layer.
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Botany, Department of
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Biswas, Rajib. "Biomethanation of Red Algae from the Eutrophied Baltic Sea." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51338.

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In the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea, excessive filamentous macro-algal biomass growth as a result of eutrophication is an increasing environmental problem. Drifting huge masses of red algae of the genera Polysiphonia, Rhodomela, and Ceramium accumulate on the open shore, up to five tones of algae per meter beach. During the aerobic decomposition of these algal bodies, large quantities of red colored effluents leak into the water what are toxic for the marine environment. In this study, feasibility of anaerobic conversion of red algae Polysiphonia, rich in nitrogen and phosphorous, was investigated. Biogas and methane potential of Polysiphonia, harvested in two different seasons [October and March], was investigated through three different batch digestion experiments and laboratory scale CSTR [continuous stirred tank reactor] at mesophilic (37oC) condition. Autoclavation [steam and heat] and ultrasound pretreatments were applied in order to enhance the biodegradation. In STR, anaerobic codigestion of algal biomass with SS [sewage sludge] was applied with a gradual increase in organic loading rate [1.5-4.0 g VS/L/day] and operated for 117 days at 20days HRT [hydraulic retention time]. Reactor digestate was analyzed four times over the period to determine the nutrients and heavy metals content. It is concluded that the methane potential of algae harvested in October is almost two-fold than that of algae harvested in March, probably due to it’s higher [more than double] nitrogen richness. An increase in biogas yield was observed upto 28% and VS reduction was increased from 37% to 45% due to autoclave pretreatment. Ultrasound pretreatment had no effect on digestion. In batch digestion, maximum methane yield 0.25 m3/kg VS added at 273oK, was obtained from algae [harvested in October] pretreated in autoclave. Codigestion of algae with SS worked well in STR with a comparatively lower OLR. At a higher OLR, methanogens were inhibited due to increased VFAs accumulation and decreased pH. A maximum biogas yield 0.49 m3/kg VS added at 310oK , was obtained from algae [harvested in October] pretreated with autoclave. The methane content of the produced biogas was 54%. Average [over a short period, day 99-107, reactor showed steady performance] maximum biogas yields from untreated algae obtained 0.44 m3/kg VSadded at 310oK and the VS reduction was calculated 32%. Digestate, to be used as a fertilizer, was found NH4-N, N, P, K, S and Na rich and only Cadmium level was above the maximal limit among the heavy metals. The sand content in algae during harvesting was considered as a factor to disrupt the operation. Codigestion of Polysiphonia algal biomass with substrate with higher C:N ratio like paper mill waste should be more appropriate to increase the methane and biogas yield. It is inconclusive whether AD process is a good method to dewater redalgae or not but large scale harvesting of algae will definitely contribute to curb eutrophication of the Baltic Sea through decreasing N and P level.

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Books on the topic "Red algae"

1

L Vis, Morgan, and Orlando Necchi Jr. Freshwater Red Algae. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83970-3.

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M, Cole Kathleen, and Sheath Robert G, eds. Biology of the red algae. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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author, Vis Morgan L., ed. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Stuttgart: J. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2012.

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Vijayaraghavan, M. R. Red algae: Structure, ultrastructure and reproduction. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp., 1997.

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Kumano, Shigeru. Freshwater red algae of the world. Bristol: Biopress, 2002.

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Hiscock, Sue. A field key to the British red seaweeds (Rhodophyta). Taunton: Field Studies Council, 1986.

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Bird, Carolyn J. Seaweed flora of the Maritimes. Bristol, England: Biopress, 1992.

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Seckbach, Joseph, and David J. Chapman, eds. Red Algae in the Genomic Age. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3795-4.

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1952-, Oren Aharon, ed. Red algae in the genomic age. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.

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E, Payri Claude, ed. Marine algal flora of French Polynesia. Paris: Laboratoire de cryptogamie, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Red algae"

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Mayanglambam, Arunjit, and Dinabandhu Sahoo. "Red Algae." In The Algae World, 205–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7321-8_7.

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Necchi, Orlando. "Red Algae (Rhodophyta) in Rivers." In River Algae, 65–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31984-1_4.

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Necchi Jr, Orlando, and Morgan L Vis. "Subphylum Cyanidiophytina, Class Cyanidiophyceae; Subphylum Proteorhodophytina, Classes Compsopogonophyceae, Porphyridiophyceae, Rhodellophyceae, and Stylonematophyceae." In Freshwater Red Algae, 27–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83970-3_2.

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Vis, Morgan L., and Orlando Necchi Jr. "Subphylum Eurhodophytina, Class Florideophyceae, Subclass Nemaliophycidae, Order Batrachospermales." In Freshwater Red Algae, 129–332. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83970-3_5.

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Necchi Jr, Orlando, and Morgan L. Vis. "Subphylum Eurhodophytina, Classes Bangiophyceae and Florideophyceae, Subclasses Corallinophycidae, Hildenbrandiophycidae, and Rhodymeniophycidae." In Freshwater Red Algae, 57–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83970-3_3.

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Necchi Jr, Orlando, and Morgan L Vis. "History of Freshwater Red Algal Studies; Taxonomic Diversity and Phylogeny; Biogeographic Trends; Collection of Freshwater Red Algae; Scope and Organization of This Book." In Freshwater Red Algae, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83970-3_1.

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Vis, Morgan L., and Orlando Necchi Jr. "Subphylum Eurhodophytina, Class Florideophyceae, Subclass Nemaliophycidae, Orders Acrochaetiales, Balbianiales, and Thoreales." In Freshwater Red Algae, 95–128. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83970-3_4.

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Toole, Colleen Mary, and F. C. Thomas Allnutt. "Red, Cryptomonad and Glaucocystophyte Algal Phycobiliproteins." In Photosynthesis in Algae, 305–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1038-2_14.

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Broadwater, Sharon T., and Joseph L. Scott. "Ultrastructure of unicellular red algae." In Evolutionary Pathways and Enigmatic Algae: Cyanidium caldarium (Rhodophyta) and Related Cells, 215–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0882-9_17.

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Reddy, C. R. K., Vishal Gupta, and Bhavanath Jha. "Developments in Biotechnology of Red Algae." In Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 307–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3795-4_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Red algae"

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Matveeva, N. A. "Composition of algae in the Middle-Upper carboniferous skeletal mounds on the Shchuger river." In All-Russia Lithological Meeting «Geology of reefs». Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/98491-013-89-92.

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Lithological-paleoecological study of the Mid–Upper Carboniferous reef limestones from the section «Verkhnie Vorota» on the Shchuger River revealed the complex of green phylloid algae Ivanovia tenuissima Khvorova, Eugonophyllum konishi Kulik, Anchicodium gracile Johnson, which are directly involved in the construction of buildup frameworks. Problematic Tubiphytes, rare cyanobacteria Bevocastria sp., dasiclads Clavaporella sp., Pseudoepimastopora cf. likana (Kochansky et Herak), Pseudoepimastopora sp., Asphaltinella cf. horowizi Mamet et Roux, phylloid Neoanchicodium sp. and red Ungdarella uralica Maslov, Komia sp., Flugelia johnsoni (Flugel) algae were associated with them. The revealed algal complex indicates the existence of a shallow warm sea with good bottom illumination and weak water movement.
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Kim, Byoung, Hyun Kang, and Young Kim. "Measurement of Algae Population for Red-Tide Prediction." In 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2006.314702.

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Astrauskas, T., V. Monin, and T. Januševičius. "Sound Absorption of Dried Brown, Red and Green Algae." In 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. Turin, Italy: European Acoustics Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0013.

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Jiang Tao, Wang Cheng, Wang Boliang, Xie Jiezhen, Jiao Nianzhi, and Luo Tingwei. "Real-time red tide algae recognition using SVM and SVDD." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicisys.2010.5658453.

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Watt, Nicole J., Anthony Chiovitti, David J. Craik, and Gerald T. Kraft. "CHARACTERISATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM RED ALGAE OF THE GENUS PEYSSONNELIA." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.569.

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chen, Senlin, Shihan Shan, Wenguang Zhang, Xiaoping Wang, and Mengmeng Tong. "Automated red tide algae recognition by the color microscopic image." In 2020 13th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp-bmei51763.2020.9263574.

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Lucaci, Author Alina-Roxana, Dumitru Bulgariu, and Laura Bulgariu. "Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Marine Red Algae Biomass." In 2021 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb52898.2021.9657628.

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Al-AShwal, Aisha Ahmed, Noora Al-Naimi, Jassim Al-Khayat, Bruno Giraldes, Najat Al-Omari, Noora Al-Fardi, Caesar Sorino, and Ekhlas Abdelbari. "Distribution and Diversity of Benthic Marine Macroalgae in Islands around Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0052.

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Extending into the Arabian Gulf, Qatar is surrounded by a number of islands mostly scattered by the eastern coastline. With the unique physical characteristics of the Gulf, which is a highly saline sea with high seawater temperatures, there is an urge need to investigate the macroalgae living in such harsh environment. Macroalgae plays an important role in the food web as they are primary producers and providers of food for other organisms. They also provide shelter and habitat in the marine ecosystem for herbivorous fish and other invertebrate animals. Additionally, macroalgae plays an outstanding role in reducing CO2 from the atmosphere and increasing the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment. However, there are few studies on marine macroalgae in Qatar and no previous studies found related to macroalgae from the islands around Qatar. The present work contributes to the macroalgae research by providing the first survey of distribution and diversity of benthic marine macroalgae in islands around Qatar. The marine benthic green, red and brown macroalgae of intertidal and subtidal in marine zone areas around Qatar were collected during Qatar’s Islands project, which started 2018. The collected macroalgae are documented and a total of 67 species of macroalgae are recorded for all islands around Qatar, 24 Chlorophyta (Green algae), 25 Rhodophyta (Red algae) and 18 species Phaeophyta (Brown algae). The Red algae are dominant taxon in term of species richness, accounting for an average of 37% of the species at all study sites. The islands which had more species are Al-Beshaireya 58 Species, Al-Aaliya 53 Species, Sheraouh 48 Species, Janan 43 Species and Bu Felaita 37 Species. Our results show that islands located at eastern and southeastern coast of Qatar have more diversity of algae species than those located at the western and northwestern coast.
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Lili Xu, Jiezhen Xie, Tao Jiang, and Shaoping Zheng. "Red tide algae classification using SVM-SNP and semi-supervised FCM." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer (ICETC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetc.2010.5529223.

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Declerck, C., M. Sekkal, B. Sombret, Jean P. Huvenne, P. Legrand, J. C. Mollet, and M. C. Verdus. "Direct structural characterization of agar on red algae by FTIR microspectrometry." In Luebeck - DL tentative, edited by Herbert M. Heise, Ernst H. Korte, and Heinz W. Siesler. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.56373.

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Reports on the topic "Red algae"

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Arad, Shoshana, and Joseph Ramus. Agroproduction of Viscoelastic Biopolymers from Unicellular Red Algae. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7566589.bard.

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Cender, Clinton, Catherine Thomas, Benjamin Greeling, Bradley Sartain, Ashley Gonzalez, and Martin Page. Pilot-scale optimization : Research on Algae Flotation Techniques (RAFT). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47722.

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The impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) on US national waterways continue to cause significant economic and environmental damage. Re-searchers at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center successfully demonstrated the Research on Algae Flotation Techniques (RAFT) project at pilot scale. This study was designed to show that the sur-face concentrations of algal biomass can be effectively increased with near linear scalability utilizing the natural methods by which some algae entrap air within excreted mucilage for flotation. The surface concentration of cyanobacteria measured as phycocyanin pigment increased by six-fold after RAFT flocculation treatment. Further optimization of chemical delivery systems, mixing, and dissolved air exposure will be required before full scale readiness.
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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff, and Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.

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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), based on phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein sequences. RGNNV type is quite important as it has a broad host-range, infecting warm-water fish species. At present, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent VNN in fish. The general goal of this research was to develop oral fish vaccines in yeast and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp.) against the RGNNV genotype. To achieve this, we planned to clone and sequence the coat protein gene of RGNNV, express the coat protein gene of RGNNV in yeast and red microalgae and evaluate the immune response in fish fed with recombinantVLPs antigens produced in yeast and algae. The collaboration between the Israeli group and the US group, having wide experience in red microalgae biochemistry, molecular genetics and large-scale cultivation, and the development of viral vaccines and eukaryotic protein expression systems, respectively, was synergistic to produce a vaccine for fish that would be cost-effective and efficacious against the betanodavirus infection.
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Friedlander, Michael, Clinton Dawes, and Y. (Joel) Kashman. The Interaction between Epiphytes and Seaweeds. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571355.bard.

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Two Israeli laboratories (IOLR and TAU) cooperated with one American laboratory (USF) in the research of the interaction between epiphytes (Ulva sp.) and the cultivated seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) The main objectives included the following aspects: Structural aspects, effects of different irradiances on growth, sensitivity studies, allelopathic excretions, selective chemicals and integration of studies of epiphytization. The studies were operated in outdoor tanks, indoor growth chambers and in the lab. The main conclusions and their relevance for mariculture are as following: 1. The green algal epiphyte, does penetrate its red algal host. 2. Gracilaria spp. in monoculture released more halogenated hydrocarbons than in biculture with U lactuca, whereas other metabolic parameters did not show a discriminating effect in biculture. 3. Hydrogen peroxide and halogenated hydrocarbons could be a part of the effective excretion compounds in biculture. 4. The presence of mature Gracilaria inhibited the growth of U. lactuca sporelings. 5. G. conferta is most sensitive to epiphytes among Gracilaria species tested. 6. The use of green light can enhance growth in basiphytes but inhibit epiphytes. 7. Effective selectivity has been defined by the use of hydrogen hypochlorite. 8. It may be more profitable in seaweed mariculture to select for epiphyte resistant strains than to search for inhibitors of epiphytization. 9 It is important as well to examine how the basiphyte may be able to prevent penetration. 10. Definition of the effective excretions in biculture has still to be done.
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Hackbarth, Carolyn, and Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.

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Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...
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Pandori, Lauren, Lauren Strope, and Linh Cat. Rocky intertidal community shift over 30 years: 1990–2020 rocky intertidal long term trend report. National Park Service, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297397.

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Cabrillo National Monument (CABR) is a unit of the National Park System located on the Point Loma peninsula in San Diego, CA, USA. Despite its small size (0.65 terrestrial km2), the monument attracts 851,000 annual visitors (IRMA SRSS Reports 2011-2020), and acts as an “urban island”, providing habitat for unique algal, plant and animal species in an area of increasing development and urbanization. The coastal area of the park also leads to the rocky intertidal zone, which is regarded by many as the best conserved shorelines in mainland southern California. Due to the high-quality habitat and proximity to an urban area, it is critical to monitor community composition and visitor use of the rocky intertidal area. We leveraged over 30 years of long-term monitoring data of both rocky intertidal communities and visitation to investigate: (1) whether visitation has increased over time, (2) if community composition has changed over time across intertidal management zones. We found that visitation to management Zone I has increased over time. Additionally, we found that visitation doesn’t scale linearly across management zones: 73% of people were observed in Zone I, 19% of people in Zone II, and 4% of people in Zone III. PERMANOVA analyses indicated that community composition differed over time and across management zones for all plot types. Documenting community shifts, rather than changes in populations of single species, allows NPS staff to capture, and respond to, ecological transformation. Using the Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) framework, we recommend that CABR either accept or direct changes to the rocky intertidal (e.g., directing changes in higher visitation areas by implementing a timed entry or shuttle system, and accepting changes in closed or very low visitation areas). Looking forward, long-term rocky intertidal monitoring will inform the effectiveness of resisting, accepting, or directing actions the park takes to uphold the NPS mission at CABR and other NPS units with rocky intertidal habitat, which span the Pacific coast.
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