Journal articles: 'Red agarophyte alga'

1

Chiheb, Houda, Pilar García-Jiménez, Rafael R. Robaina, Mustapha Hassoun, and Hassane Riadi. "Développement D’un Stock De Semences (Seedstocks) De L’algue Rouge Gelidium Corneum (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n6p112.

Full text

Abstract:

Gelidium corneum is a species of red algae notable for its commercial important as an agarophyte in Morocco. Several regions from the Moroccan Atlantic show that this alga is an endangered species due to the excessive tearing. Hence, the repopulation of these areas is necessary. The in vitro culture of the species was carried out in three media: enriched seawater medium (PES medium (Provasoli Enriched Seawater, Provasoli 1968)), medium with seawater (SW) and medium with artificial seawater, with the addition of polyamines (putrescine (put), spermidine (spd), and spermine (spr)) as a growth regulator in the three media. The results obtained are very significant, especially in PES medium with a growth rate of 95%. Rhizoid formation and attachment of explants have been noted, especially in PES + Put medium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

McReynolds, Colin, Amandine Adrien, Antoine Silvestre de Ferron, Nadia Boussetta, Nabil Grimi, Laurent Pecastaing, and Susana C. M. Fernandes. "Extraction of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids and Proteins from the Agarophyte Gelidium corneum Using Pulsed Power Techniques." Foods 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071473.

Full text

Abstract:

Gelidium corneum (syn. sesquipedale) is an industrially and ecologically important species of red alga used for the production of high-quality agar. However, the species is also of growing interest for the production of other valuable compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), with potential cosmeceutical and biomedical applications. Novel methods using two pulsed power techniques, high-voltage electrical discharges (HVED) and pulsed electrical fields (PEF), were evaluated for efficacy of MAA extraction. Algal suspensions were prepared at two ratios (1:20 and 1:40 w:v). Four different extraction protocols were compared: (i) high-voltage electrical discharges, (ii) pulsed electric fields, (iii) maceration at room temperature, and (iv) maceration at 50 °C. The algae were treated in three states: freshly harvested, dried, and powdered. HVED and PEF treatments were effective when performed on fresh algae, and in particular the HVED treatment resulted in yields of MAAs twenty times higher than the control: 0.81 ± 0.05 mg/gDry Weight (DW) vs. 0.037 ± 0.002 mg/gDW. This effect was not observed to the same extent when the algae were dried or powdered, although HVED remained the most selective method overall.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Schroeder, Declan C., Mohamed A. Jaffer, and Vernon E. Coyne. "Investigation of the role of a β(1–4) agarase produced by Pseudoalteromonas gracilis B9 in eliciting disease symptoms in the red alga Gracilaria gracilis." Microbiology 149, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 2919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26513-0.

Full text

Abstract:

Gracilaria species are an important source of agar. The South African Gracilaria industry has experienced a number of setbacks over the last decade in the form of complete or partial die-offs of the agarophyte growing in Saldanha Bay, which may be attributed to bacterial infection. Since a positive correlation was observed between the presence of agarolytic epiphytes and bacterial pathogenicity, we investigated the role of an agarase in the virulence mechanism employed by a bacterium that elicits disease in Gracilaria gracilis. The recombinant plasmid pDA1, isolated from a Pseudoalteromonas gracilis B9 genomic library, was responsible for the agarolytic activity exhibited by Escherichia coli transformants when grown on solid medium. A blast search of the GenBank database showed that an 873 bp ORF (aagA) located on pDA1 had 85 % identity to the β-agarase (dagA) from Pseudoalteromonas atlantica ATCC 19262T (or IAM 12927T) at the amino acid level. AagA was purified from the extracellular medium of an E. coli transformant harbouring pDA1 by using a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. AagA has an M r of 30 000 on SDS-PAGE. TLC of the digestion products of AagA showed that the enzyme cleaves the β-(1,4) linkages of agarose to yield predominately neoagarotetraose. Western hybridization confirmed that the cloned agarase was in fact the extracellular β-agarase of P. gracilis B9. The observed relationship between disease symptoms of G. gracilis and the agarolytic phenotype of P. gracilis B9 was confirmed. Transmission electron microscope examination of cross sections of both healthy G. gracilis and G. gracilis infected with P. gracilis, revealed a weakening of the cell structure in the latter plants. Immunogold-labelled antibodies localized the agarase in situ to the cell walls of bleached G. gracilis. Thus, the weakening observed in the cell structure of G. gracilis infected with P. gracilis can be attributed to degradation of the mucilaginous component of the cell wall of the bleached thalli.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Honda, Masaki, Takashi Ishimaru, Yutaka Itabashi, and Mikhail Vyssotski. "Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga Agarophyton Chilensis and Comparison to the Closely Related Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids." Marine Drugs 17, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17020096.

Full text

Abstract:

The red macroalga Agarophyton chilensis is a well-known producer of eicosanoids such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, but the alga produces almost no prostaglandins, unlike the closely related A. vermiculophyllum. This indicates that the related two algae would have different enzyme systems or substrate composition. To carry out more in-depth discussions on the metabolic pathway of eicosanoids between the two algae, we investigated the characteristics of glycerolipids, which are the substrates of eicosanoids production, of A. chilensis and compared them to the reported values of A. vermiculophyllum. In A. chilensis, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were the major lipid classes and accounted for 44.4% of the total lipid extract. The predominant fatty acids were arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), an eicosanoids precursor, and palmitic acid (16:0). The 20:4n-6 content was extremely high in MGDG and PC (>70%), and the 16:0 content was extremely high in DGDG and SQDG (>40%). A chiral-phase HPLC analysis showed that fatty acids were esterified at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of those lipids. The glycerolipid molecular species were determined by reversed-phase HPLC–ESI–MS analysis. The main glycerolipid molecular species were 20:4n-6/20:4n-6 (sn-1/sn-2) for MGDG (63.8%) and PC (48.2%), 20:4n-6/16:0 for DGDG (71.1%) and SQDG (29.4%). These lipid characteristics of A. chilensis were almost the same as those of A. vermiculophyllum. Hence, the differences of the eicosanoids producing ability between the two algae would not be due to the difference of substrate composition but the difference of enzyme system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ficko-Blean, Elizabeth, Delphine Duffieux, Étienne Rebuffet, Robert Larocque, Agnes Groisillier, Gurvan Michel, and Mirjam Czjzek. "Biochemical and structural investigation of two paralogous glycoside hydrolases fromZobellia galactanivorans: novel insights into the evolution, dimerization plasticity and catalytic mechanism of the GH117 family." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 2 (January 23, 2015): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714025024.

Full text

Abstract:

The family 117 glycoside hydrolase (GH117) enzymes have exo-α-1,3-(3,6-anhydro)-L-galactosidase activity, removing terminal nonreducing α-1,3-linked 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose residues from their red algal neoagarose substrate. These enzymes have previously been phylogenetically divided into clades, and only the clade A enzymes have been experimentally studied to date. The investigation of two GH117 enzymes, Zg3615 and Zg3597, produced by the marine bacteriumZobellia galactanivoransreveals structural, biochemical and further phylogenetic diversity between clades. A product complex with the unusual β-3,6-anhydro-L-galactose residue sheds light on the inverting catalytic mechanism of the GH117 enzymes as well as the structure of this unique sugar produced by hydrolysis of the agarophyte red algal cell wall.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ignatova, T. A., A. V. Podkorytova, A. I. Usov, and T. V. Rodina. "Ranking of red algae-agarophytes by their quality criteria using the methods of mathematical analysis." Trudy VNIRO 176 (2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2019-176-27-40.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Goff, Lynda J., Debra A. Moon, and Annette W. Coleman. "MOLECULAR DELINEATION OF SPECIES AND SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN THE RED ALGAL AGAROPHYTES GRACILARIOPSIS AND GRACILARIA (GRACILARIALES)1." Journal of Phycology 30, no. 3 (June 1994): 521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1994.00521.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Saha, Mahasweta, Shawn Dove, and Florian Weinberger. "Chemically Mediated Microbial “Gardening” Capacity of a Seaweed Holobiont Is Dynamic." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121893.

Full text

Abstract:

Terrestrial plants are known to “garden” the microbiota of their rhizosphere via released metabolites (that can attract beneficial microbes and deter pathogenic microbes). Such a “gardening” capacity is also known to be dynamic in plants. Although microbial “gardening” has been recently demonstrated for seaweeds, we do not know whether this capacity is a dynamic property in any aquatic flora like in terrestrial plants. Here, we tested the dynamic microbial “gardening” capacity of seaweeds using the model invasive red seaweed Agarophyton vermiculophyllum. Following an initial extraction of surface-associated metabolites (immediately after field collection), we conducted a long-term mesocosm experiment for 5 months to test the effect of two different salinities (low = 8.5 and medium = 16.5) on the microbial “gardening” capacity of the alga over time. We tested “gardening” capacity of A. vermiculophyllum originating from two different salinity levels (after 5 months treatments) in settlement assays against three disease causing pathogenic bacteria and seven protective bacteria. We also compared the capacity of the alga with field-collected samples. Abiotic factors like low salinity significantly increased the capacity of the alga to deter colonization by pathogenic bacteria while medium salinity significantly decreased the capacity of the alga over time when compared to field-collected samples. However, capacity to attract beneficial bacteria significantly decreased at both tested salinity levels when compared to field-collected samples. Dynamic microbial “gardening” capacity of a seaweed to attract beneficial bacteria and deter pathogenic bacteria is demonstrated for the first time. Such a dynamic capacity as found in the current study could also be applicable to other aquatic host–microbe interactions. Our results may provide an attractive direction of research towards manipulation of salinity and other abiotic factors leading to better defended A. vermiculophyllum towards pathogenic bacteria thereby enhancing sustained production of healthy A. vermiculophyllum in farms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Oates, Brian R., and Kathleen M. Cole. "Comparative studies on hair cells of two agarophyte red algae, Gelidium vagum (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) and Gracilaria pacifica (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)." Phycologia 33, no. 6 (November 1994): 420–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-33-6-420.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Fu, Feng, Xia Zhang, Xuejiao Zhang, Qianqian Li, and Liqin Sun. "Comprehensive analysis and identification of heat-responsive genes in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum by RNA-sequencing." Botanica Marina 63, no. 5 (October 25, 2020): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0006.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAgarophyton vermiculophyllum is a commercially important red alga for agar production in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and is an invasive seaweed in Europe. High temperature is an important environmental stressor that influences its growth, metabolism, and migration. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the response of A. vermiculophyllum to heat stress. Using RNA-sequencing, we performed the first comprehensive transcriptome analysis of A. vermiculophyllum under heat stress to explore and identify potentially important heat stress-responsive genes. After de novo assembly of the transcriptome, 55,486 unigenes were found, of which 39,687 unigenes (71.52%) were functionally annotated. In total, 2,923 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between heat-stressed and control samples. Heat shock proteins represented the most abundant DEGs. Transcript factors were also significantly differently expressed under heat stress. Meanwhile, the photoprotective mechanism based on PsbS (Photosystem II subunit S) related nonphotochemical quenching and PGR5 (proton gradient regulation 5) dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I was found to be promoted under heat stress, which may help A. vermiculophyllum to cope with the high temperature. This study lays an important foundation for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying heat tolerance in A. vermiculophyllum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Podkorytova, A. V., T. A. Ignatova, and T. V. Rodina. "Russian and International Legislation in the sphere of red algae-agarophytes processing and determining the quality of gelling polysaccharides." Trudy VNIRO 176 (2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2019-176-5-13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

S.S, Sumayya, Sreelekshmi S.G, and Murugan K. "CULTIVATION AND ECONOMICAL PERSPECTIVES OF GRACILLARIA: MARINE SEAWEED." Kongunadu Research Journal 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj206.

Full text

Abstract:

For decades, seaweed has been of biological, industrial, and pharmaceutical importance. Because of their nutraceutical potential, seaweed has been used as a food throughout Asia. Traditional Chinese medicine used aqueous hot extracts of certain seaweeds in the treatment of cancer. Further, the Japanese and Chinesecultures have used seaweeds to treat goiter and other glandular problems since 300 BC. The Romans used seaweeds in the treatment of wounds, burns, and rashes. The Celts noted that ordinary seaweed contracted as it dried and then expanded with moisture. In Scotland during the 18th century, physicians used dried seaweed stem to successfully drain abdominal wall abscesses. They also inserted seaweed into the cervix in an attempt to treat dysmenorrhea. Many reports outline the use of seaweed to induce abortion. Seaweed was employed intravaginally for ripening of the cervix and was used rectally for strictures. In this juncture, culture and therapeutic potential of Gracilaria was reviewed. Gracilaria is a genus of red algae notable for its economic importance as an agarophyte, as well as its use as a food for humans and various species of shellfish. Various species within the genus are cultivated among Asia, South America, Africa and Oceania. Gracilaria is used as a food in Japanese, Hawaiian, and Filipino cuisine. In Japanese cuisine, it is called ogonori or ogo. In thePhilippines, it is called gulaman and used to make gelatin. In Jamaica, it is known as Irish moss. The moisture content is 12% and protein is 8%. The species are used by local people as salad, preparation of various curries and industrially many by products are synthesized from this sea weed. Medicinally as microbicidal, antiinflammatory, antimetastatic and immuno modulatory potential.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kameyama, Ryo, Gregory N. Nishihara, Chikara Kawagoe, and Ryuta Terada. "The effects of four stressors, irradiance, temperature, desiccation, and salinity on the photosynthesis of a red alga, Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Gracilariales) from a native distributional range in Japan." Journal of Applied Phycology 33, no. 4 (May 1, 2021): 2561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02469-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Abidizadegan, Maryam. "DEPTH-DEPENDENCY OF THE AGAROPHYTE RED ALGA Gracilaria corticata J. AGARDH FOR AGAR YIELD AND QUALITY DURING ITS GROWING SEASON." Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 2016, 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/jaefr16010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ignatova, Tatiana A., Nataliya G. Strokova, and Anna N. Roshchina. "The Feasibility of Using Agarophyte Processing Waste." KnE Life Sciences, January 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i1.10136.

Full text

Abstract:

When agarophytes are processed, 16-89% algal waste (AW) is formed. Due to the high content of minerals in this waste and the presence of proteins that are resistant to the action of proteolytic enzymes, such AW is mainly used in the production of feed for farm animals. The significant content of polysaccharides in dry AW indicates that it could be used as a raw material for the production of dietary fiber (DF). Due to the difference in the chemical composition of AW depending on the type of red algae, different approaches for its deproteinization have been used. Thus, a 3% alkali solution should be used for the deproteinization of algal waste from the red algae Gracilaria, a 0.5% alkali solution for GelidiumAW, and a 1% sodium carbonate solution for A. plicataAW.The duration of the deproteinization process is 30 min at a temperature of 97±2 ∘C for all types of AW. In this study, functional and technological solutions of DF from AW were developed. The results showed that their water binding capacity was 6-22 g of water per 1 g of the preparation, the fat binding capacity was 1.6-3.3 g of fat per 1 g of the preparation, and the swelling capacity was 46-312% depending on the type of red algae.The obtained DF was used in the production of minced fish food products of the ‘fish sticks’ type, based on minced fish and consisting of cod and pink salmon. The study of the chemical composition and calorie content of the developed food product showed the possibility of its use in dietary nutrition. Keywords: red algae, algal waste, deproteinization, dietary fiber

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kim, Hocheol, Ji Hyun Yang, Danilo E. Bustamante, Martha S. Calderon, Andres Mansilla, Christine A. Maggs, Gayle I. Hansen, and Hwan Su Yoon. "Organelle Genome Variation in the Red Algal Genus Ahnfeltia (Florideophyceae)." Frontiers in Genetics 12 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.724734.

Full text

Abstract:

The agarophyte Ahnfeltia (Ahnfeltiales, Rhodophyta) is a globally widespread genus with 11 accepted species names. Two of the most widespread species in this genus, A. plicata and A. fastigiata, may have diverged genetically due to past geographic changes and subsequent geographic isolation. To investigate this genomic and genetic diversity, we generated new plastid (ptDNAs) and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) of these Ahnfeltia species from four different regions (A. plicata - Chile and UK and A. fastigiata - Korea and Oregon). Two architecture variations were found in the Ahnfeltia genomes: in ptDNA of A. fastigiata Oregon, the hypothetical pseudogene region was translocated, likely due to recombination with palindromic repeats or a gene transfer from a red algal plasmid. In mtDNA of A. fastigiata Korea, the composition of the group II intronic ORFs was distinct from others suggesting different scenarios of gain and loss of group II intronic ORFs. These features resulted in genome size differences between the two species. Overall gene contents of organelle genomes of Ahnfeltia were conserved. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated genes from ptDNAs and mtDNAs supported the monophyly of the Ahnfeltiophycidae. The most probable individual gene trees showed that the Ahnfeltia populations were genetically diversified. These trees, the cox1 haplotype network, and a dN/dS analysis all supported the theory that these Ahnfeltia populations have diversified genetically in accordance with geographic distribution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Usandizaga, Sara, Paula Valenzuela, Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia, Christophe Destombe, and Marie Laure Guillemin. "Reproductive effort in the domesticated red alga Agarophyton chilense: differences between farms and natural populations." Journal of Applied Phycology, January 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02325-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Zhong, Kai-Le, Xiao-Han Song, Han-Gil Choi, Shimada Satoshi, Florian Weinberger, Stefano G. A. Draisma, De-Lin Duan, and Zi-Min Hu. "MtDNA-Based Phylogeography of the Red Alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in the Native Northwest Pacific." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (June 4, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00366.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Vieira, Vasco M. N. C. S., Aschwin H. Engelen, Oscar R. Huanel, and Marie-Laure Guillemin. "An Individual-Based Model of the Red Alga Agarophyton chilense Unravels the Complex Demography of Its Intertidal Stands." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10 (February 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.797350.

Full text

Abstract:

Algal demographic models have been developed mainly to study their life cycle evolution or optimize their commercial exploitation. Most commonly, structured-aggregated population models simulate the main life cycle stages considering their fertility, growth and survival. Their coarse resolution results in weak predictive abilities since neglected details may still impact the whole. In our case, we need a model of Agarophyton chilense natural intertidal populations that unravels the complex demography of isomorphic biphasic life cycles and be further used for: (i) introduction of genetics, aimed at studying the evolutionary stability of life cycles, (ii) optimizing commercial exploitation, and (iii) adaptation for other species. Long-term monitoring yield 6,066 individual observations and 40 population observations. For a holistic perspective, we developed an Individual-Based Model (IBM) considering ploidy stage, sex stage, holdfast age and survival, frond size, growth and breakage, fecundity, spore survival, stand biomass, location and season. The IBM was calibrated and validated comparing observed and estimated sizes and abundances of gametophyte males, gametophyte females and tetrasporophytes, stand biomass, haploid:dipoid ratio (known as H:D or G:T), fecundity and recruitment. The IBM replicated well the respective individual and population properties, and processes such as winter competition for light, self-thinning, summer stress from desiccation, frond breakage and re-growth, and different niche occupation by haploids and diploids. Its success depended on simulating with precision details such as the holdfasts’ dynamics. Because “details” often occur for a reduced number of individuals, inferring about them required going beyond statistically significant evidences and integrating these with parameter calibration aimed at maximized model fit. On average, the population was haploid-dominated (H:D > 1). In locations stressed by desiccation, the population was slightly biased toward the diploids and younger individuals due to the superior germination and survival of the diploid sporelings. In permanently submerged rock pools the population was biased toward the haploids and older individuals due to the superior growth and survival of the haploid adults. The IBM application demonstrated that conditional differentiation among ploidy stages was responsible for their differential niche occupation, which, in its turn, has been argued as the driver of the evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life cycles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Elfahira, Dieo Riezma, Lukman Hudi, and Syarifa Ramadhani Nurbaya. "The Effect of Gracilaria verrucosa Seaweed Flour Proportion with White Glutinous Rice Flour (Oryza sativa Glutinosa) and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) Concentration on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Seaweed Dodol." Procedia of Engineering and Life Science 3, no. 1 (December 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pels.v3i1.1304.

Full text

Abstract:

Gracillaria verrucosa seaweed is one type of agar-producing red algae (agarophyte) that has the potential to be developed because it can be cultivated in polyculture in ponds together with shrimp and crab rearing. Gracillaria verrucosa seaweed is usually used as a raw material for making gelatin, but it would be better to develop it in its processing so that it can produce products that have better economic value and nutritional value by utilizing Gracillaria verrucosa seaweed, and one of these preparations is dodol. This study used factorial RAK (Randomized Block Design) which was repeated 3 times, with the first factor being the proportion of Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed flour with white glutinous rice flour (P) 75%: 25%, 50%: 50%, and 25%: 75%. The second factor is the concentration of CMC (K) 2%, 4%, and 6%. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and then continued with the BNJ test (Honest Significant Difference) at 5% level. The best treatment was obtained in the P3K3 treatment (the proportion of Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed flour with white glutinous rice flour 75%: 25% and CMC concentration 6%) with color profile L (lightness) 43.1; color profile *a (redness) 4.9; color profile *b (yellowness) 10.6; 1.66N texture water content 37.40%; free fatty acid content of 0.28%; reducing sugar content 0.4%; antioxidant activity 368.6 g/ml.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wang, Gaoge, Yifei Ren, Shasha Wang, Minglei Hou, and Florian Weinberger. "Shifting chemical defence or novel weapons? A review of defence traits in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and other invasive seaweeds." Marine Life Science & Technology, July 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42995-021-00109-8.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSeaweed bioinvasions increasingly affect coastal environments around the world, which increases the need for predictive models and mitigation strategies. The biotic interactions between seaweed invaders and invaded communities are often considered a key determinant of invasion success and failure and we here revise the current evidence that the capacity of seaweed invaders to deter enemies in newly reached environments correlates with their invasion success. Particularly efficient chemical defences have been described for several of the more problematic seaweed invaders during the last decades. However, confirmed cases in which seaweed invaders confronted un-adapted enemies in newly gained environments with deterrents that were absent from these environments prior to the invasion (so-called “novel weapons”) are scarce, although an increasing number of invasive and non-invasive seaweeds are screened for defence compounds. More evidence exists that seaweeds may adapt defence intensities to changing pressure by biological enemies in newly invaded habitats. However, most of this evidence of shifting defence was gathered with only one particular model seaweed, the Asia-endemic red alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum, which is particularly accessible for direct comparisons of native and non-native populations in common garden experiments. A. vermiculophyllum interacts with consumers, epibionts and bacterial pathogens and in most of these interactions, non-native populations have rather gained than lost defensive capacity relative to native conspecifics. The increases in the few examined cases were due to an increased production of broad-spectrum deterrents and the relative scarcity of specialized deterrents perhaps reflects the circumstance that seaweed consumers and epibionts are overwhelmingly generalists.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Red agarophyte alga'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles