Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recycling'
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Sidique, Shaufique Fahmi. "Analysis of recycling behavior, recycling demand, and effectiveness of policies promoting recycling." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Solis, Martyna. "Potential of chemical recyclingto improve the recycling of plastic waste." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232339.
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Chemical recycling can improve the plastic recycling rates and reduce the level of CO2 from fossil plasticsproduction. Thus, it is seen as an attractive technology in the action towards meeting the emission, circulareconomy and recycling targets. In the Swedish context, it could help reach the carbon neutrality goal by2045. This thesis aims to investigate the potential of chemical recycling in the Swedish plastic recyclingsystem with Brista waste-to-energy plant in Stockholm as a case study. The thesis describes different stagesof current Swedish plastic recycling system and quantifies material losses at every stage. The recycling rateof plastic packaging in the household waste stream in Stockholm was found to be lower than 7%.Remaining 93% is sent for energy recovery through incineration. The feasibility of implementing differentchemical recycling technologies is analysed together with the Technology Readiness Level (TRL). Theresults showed that there are three technologies with the highest TRL of 9: thermal cracking (pyrolysis),catalytic cracking and conventional gasification. The important parameters when implementing chemicalrecycling in an existing facility are discussed and used for the feasibility analysis of implementing thesethree technologies in Brista facility. It is not obvious which technology is the best one for this application.Gasification is proven for the production of intermediates (oil or syngas) which can be used for newplastic production, however, the scale of Brista facility is not large enough for a gasification plant to befeasible. Pyrolysis and catalytic cracking could be used at a smaller scale, but they have not contributed tothe production of new plastics so far, thus, both technologies would require further research and tests ona pilot scale before moving to commercial operation. The findings from this study have to be followed byan in-depth analysis of real data, from pilot or commercial projects, which is currently unavailable.The major challenges to implement chemical recycling of waste plastics in Sweden are of economic andpolitical nature. The key point in successful deployment of chemical recycling is the development ofa business model which would ensure that all actors along the plastic recycling chain benefit economicallyfrom the solution. For the Brista 2 plant case, the challenges include Stockholm Exergi’s insufficientexpertise to perform chemical recycling independently, uncertain feedstock purity requirements andchallenging market situation.Kemisk återvinning har potentialen att öka återvinningsgraden av plastförpackningar och minska därmedminska klimatpåverkan från fossila plastprodukter. Således ses den som en möjlig teknik för att mötautsläpps- och återvinningsmål samt införandet av en cirkulär ekonomi. I ett svenskt sammanhang kan detbidra till att nå målet om netto noll utsläpp 2045. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka potentialen förkemisk återvinning i det svenska återvinningssystemet för plast, med det avfallseldade Bristaverket somfallstudie. Avhandlingen beskriver ingående led i den nuvarande svenska plaståtervinningssystem ochkvantifierar materialförluster i alla steg. Återvinningsgraden för plastförpackningar i hushållsavfalleti Stockholm visar sig vara lägre än 7%. Återstående 93% skickas för energiåtervinning genom förbränning.Analysen av olika teknologier för kemisk återvinnings genomförs med hjälp av Technology ReadinessLevel (TRL). Resultatet visar att det fanns tre teknologier med högsta TRL på 9: termisk krackning(pyrolys), katalytisk krackning och konventionell förgasning. Viktiga parametrar för kemisk återvinningkopplat till en befintlig anläggning diskuteras och används för genomförbarhetsanalys av de tre valdateknologierna genom en fallstudie vid Bristaanläggningen. Det är inte uppenbart vilken teknik som är denbästa för denna applikation. Förgasning är bevisat framgångsrik för produktion av intermediära produkter(olja eller syngas) som kan användas för ny plastproduktion, men Bristaanläggningens storlek är för litenför att en förgasningsanläggning ska varamotiverad. Pyrolys och katalytisk krackning kan användasi mindre applikationer, men de har hittills inte lyckats bidra till framställning av ny plast. Därför skullebåda teknikerna kräva ytterligare forskning och test på pilotskala innan de skalas upp till kommersiell drift.Resultaten från denna studie måste följas av en djupgående analys av verklig data, från pilotprojekt ellerkommersiella projekt, som för närvarande inte är tillgänglig.De stora utmaningarna för att genomföra kemisk återvinning av plastavfall i Sverige är av ekonomisk ochpolitisk karaktär. Nyckeln till framgångsrik spridning av kemisk återvinning är utvecklingen av enaffärsmodell som säkerställer att alla aktörer längs plaståtervinningskedjan kan dra ekonomiskt fördel avlösningen. För en anläggning i Brista finns utmaningar i form av Stockholm Exergis otillräckliga expertisinom området kemisk återvinning, osäkra råvarukrav och en utmanande marknadssituation.
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Obermüller, Stefanie. "Recycling der Sauren Lysosomalen Phosphatase Eingrenzung der recycling-vermittelnden Aminosäuresequenz und Untersuchungen möglicher Sortierungsfaktoren, die zur Umsetzung des Recyclings benötigt werden /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96367272X.
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Башлак, Ірина Анатоліївна, Ирина Анатольевна Башлак, Iryna Anatoliivna Bashlak, S. P. Baranov, and О. V. Perepadya. "Recycling glass." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15994.
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Voytyuk, Nazariy. "Recycling of Polypropylene and Polyamide Blends Using Thermomechanical Recycling." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277883.
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The aim of the thesis was to recycle a common carpet waste containing polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) polymers with thermomechanical recycling. The produced products were compared to neat polymer materials. The recycled material underwent the thermomechanical process which includes shredding and extruding. The created filament was analyzed using various analysis techniques including FTIR, SEM, DSC and tensile testing for the mechanical properties. The filament was later evaluated with a 3D printer to see if a product could be made from the material. Filament containing recycled carpet material was used to create a 3D printed product, thus the method seems promising. The results from the structural analysis techniques showed that degradation of the polymers occurred after multiple recycling cycles, mostly of the PA6 polymer. The mechanical properties with the addition of recycled carpet to a blend of neat materials show similar properties when compared to only neat material. In conclusion, it is possible to 3D print recycled carp inted product so the method seems viable for future applications.Syftet med avhandlingen var att återvinna en vanlig matta som innehåller polyamid-6- och polypropenpolymerer med termomekanisk återvinning och jämföra produkten med rena polymermaterial. Det återvunna materialet tillverkades med den termomekaniska processen som inkluderar malning och strängsprutning (extrudering). Filamentet analyseras med olika analystekniker inklusive FTIR, SEM, DSC och dragprovning för mekaniska egenskaper. Filamentet testas sedan med en 3D-skrivare för att se om en produkt kan tillverkas av materialet. Filamentet med återvunnen matta användes för att skapa en 3D-skriven produkt, därför verkar metoden lovande. Resultaten från analysteknikerna visade polymererna bröts ner efter flera återvinningscykler, mestadels av PA6-polymeren. De mekaniska egenskaperna med tillsats av återvunnet matta till en blandning av rena material visar liknande egenskaper jämfört med endast rena material. Sammanfattningsvis är det möjligt att 3D-skriva med återvunnet mattfilament för att skapa en 3D-skriven produkt, metoden verkar lovande.
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Boeckx, W. D. "Recycling spare parts." Maastricht : Maastricht : Maastricht University ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13042.
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Soe-Lin, Shan. "Macrophage iron recycling." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66717.
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In an absurd twist of nature, the physiological role of iron is paradoxical. Iron is the most abundant element found on Earth and yet is insoluble under physiological conditions. Furthermore, life is not possible without iron; iron is indispensible for life, as it is a vital co-factor for essential enzymes due to its unique redox abilities. And yet, high concentrations of iron lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species and are toxic. Consequently, living creatures have evolved ingenious strategies for acquiring and managing otherwise insoluble iron atoms, and for tightly regulating its levels within the organism. The majority of bodily iron in humans is contained within the red blood cell (RBC) mass, as a component of hemoglobin. RBCs become more damaged and less deformable as they age, and at the end of their 120 day lifespan, senescent RBCs are engulfed by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system of the liver and spleen. These specialized macrophages ingest 2 million RBCs/sec, catabolize the hemoglobin, and release the iron contained within to plasma transferrin for reincorporation into new RBCs within the bone marrow. It is remarkable how reticuloendothelial macrophages safely manage the enormous quantities of iron which would otherwise prove toxic to other cells. In my studies, I have examined the specific aspects of iron metabolism within these iron-handling macrophages. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) is a divalent metal transporter expressed only within the phagosomes of professional phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Nramp1 has since been found to be the gene responsible for conferring host resistance against intracellular pathogens. Mice deficient in Nramp1 have been found to be susceptible to infection with intracellular pathogens. Nramp1 is thought to confer protection by depleting the phagosome of divalent metals necessary for pathogenLa majorité du fer dans le corps humain est contenu dans la masse de globule rouge, en tant que composante de l'hémoglobine. Les GR deviennent plus endommagés et moins déformables en vieillissant, et à la fin de leurs durée de vie de 120 jours, les GR sénescents sont ingurgités par les macrophages du système réticuloendothélial du foie et de rate. Ces macrophages spécialisés ingèrent 2 millions de GR∕sec, catabolisent l'hémoglobine et relâche le fer qui y est contenu à la transferrine plasmatique pour permettre son réincorporation dans de nouveau GR dans la moelle épinière. C'est remarquable comment les macrophages réticuloendothéliaux gèrent de manière sécuritaire l'énorme quantité de fer qui serait sinon toxique pour les autres cellules. Dans mes recherches, j'ai examiné les aspects spécifiques du métabolisme du fer dans ces macrophages spécialisés dans sa manutention.La protéine associée à la résistance naturelle du macrophage (Nramp1) est un transporteur de métaux divalents exprimé seulement dans les phagosomes de cellules phagocytiques telle que les macrophages et les neutrophiles. Nramp1 a depuis été reconnu comme le gène responsable de conférer à l'hôte la résistance contre les pathogènes intracellulaires. Nramp 1 est présumé donner une protection en vidant le phagosome de métaux divalents nécessaires à la croissance de pathogènes.Au cours des recherches nous avons trouvé qu'en plus de jouer un rôle significatif dans la résistance de l'hôte, Nramp1 est aussi important pour la régularisation de l'homéostasie du fer. Nous avons remarqué que les macrophages sans Nramp1 sont incapables de recycler le fer (après l'erythrophagocytose in vitro) de manière aussi efficace que les macrophages qui ont le Nramp1 fonctionnel. On a ensuite observé les souris knockout et trouvé que les animaux sans Nramp1 ont une surdose progressive de fer en vieil
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Włodarz, Marta. "Intelligent recycling database." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13125.
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Ansari, Rushina. "Creative Paper Recycling." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23795.
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With the intention of empowering children and guiding them towardssustainable habits at an early age, the empirical findings in the choseninternational school pointed towards a heavy use of paper. A study wascarried out to understand the various factors related to paper use.Interviews, experiments and workshops were conducted to probe furtherinto the variety of insights that were gathered.The scope of the project was to use interaction design techniques tounderstand and address the issues through creating small designinterventions using three main strategies of a) placing appropriateaffordances, b) designing for transparency and hence creating awarenessof the use of resources, and c) by attempting to instill a culture throughdirect involvement that supports eco-ethics.An effort was made to conceptualize and design an artifact that was inline with the mood and disposition of the specified section of the school. Ametaphorical concept prototype was created to test the effect of theproposed artifact. Moreover, the overall culture of the school affected thebehavioral patterns and hence a separate strategy was employed toaddress the awareness in the entire institution.
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Rock, Channah, Jean E. McLain, and Daniel Gerrity. "Water Recycling FAQs." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/225869.
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Santoro, Amanda. "Recycling as play: encouraging recycling through a participatory design process with children." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32708.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureLandscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Jason S. Brody
Recycling in many cities faces dilemmas with accessibility and education, especially within the public realm, which leads to a lack of participation in this sustainable activity. The City of Kansas City, Missouri does not currently provide recycling solutions for multi-family and commercial businesses and has minimal to non-existent recycling infrastructure within its downtown’s public realm. Envisioning a new recycling system for a city requires many entities to come together in the design process. However, the city, landscape architects, and other designers frequently overlook incorporating children into the participatory community design process, even though children have knowledge, experiences, and ideas to offer (Speak, 2000). Incorporating many avenues of community input can benefit the design outcomes, and children should be included in the participatory design process when it engages their built environment. The Kansas City Design Center (KCDC) produced a vision plan and conceptual site designs for downtown Kansas City’s recycling system. Community input was part of the KCDC studio project’s design process by utilizing a series of advisory council meetings, professional reviews, and open houses. This report integrated another form of community involvement into the project by working with children on designing urban space and playful infrastructure focused on encouraging participation in recycling. A series of design charrettes were conducted with 5th grade students from Kansas City’s urban charter school Crossroads Academy due to the school’s focus on immersion in the urban environment. The students’ design charrette ideas added a new perspective to how urban space and recycling infrastructure could encourage participation. These ideas and perspectives were shared with classmates and utilized to further design development in the recycling project's streetscape "Links" strategy. As the project developed, the researcher observed how the children's ideas impacted the "Links" strategy design coming through in playful ground plane designs, interactive elements, concepts of place-making, and considerations for a variety of users. The participatory process with the children was most influential on those involved directly with the children's process. This allowed the children's ideas to become inherent base knowledge when designing. Engaging youth’s imaginative minds in the design process for urban space and recycling infrastructure sparked new playful perspectives on how to encourage participation and led to meaningful recycling design outcomes within the public realm.
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Lim, Boon Hock. "The kerbside recycling dilemma /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl732.pdf.
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Moore, Margaret. "Recycling of Russian empires /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armm823.pdf.
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Zamudio-Ramírez, Pável. "Economics of automobile recycling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10976.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1996, and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1996.Includes bibliographical references.
by Pável Zamudio-Ramírez.
M.S.
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Shevchenko, Tetiana Ivanivna, Татьяна Ивановна Шевченко, and Тетяна Іванівна Шевченко. "Recycling of natural resources." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12809.
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Switching of economy to the market economy is related to creation and realization of order of resource saving in all links of economic mechanism. It is one of primary objectives and features of transitional period. The policy of resource saving must engulf all of branch structures and all of the tools of territorial-economic complex. Important line of work in policy of saving resources is drawing secondary resources in turnover. Their stake in production consumption is small yet, although certain experience is accumulated in separate countries.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12809
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Mattsson, Agnes-Matilda, Towa Eriksson, Caroline Löwnertz, and Marielle Holmbom. "Recycling of Prussian White." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445281.
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The aim of this project was to find a recycling route for Prussian white. During the experimental part, one recycling method was tested using sodium hydroxide and from this a method for re-synthesis of Prussian white was conducted as well as a method for re-crystallisation of sodium ferrocyanide. The method that proved most successful was the re-crystallisation of sodium ferrocyanide. Furthermore, the conditions needed to conduct a proper re-synthesis of Prussian white was not available during this research. Therefore, it was not possible to produce Prussian white of the right structure. The analysis was performed through XRD analysis and it was concluded that it is possible to re-crystallise sodium ferrocyanide from Prussian white.
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Brommer, Tracey H. (Tracey Helenius). "Recycling production designs : the value of coordination and flexibility in aluminum recycling operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79556.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-219).
The growing motivation for aluminum recycling has prompted interest in recycling alternative and more challenging secondary materials. The nature of these alternative secondary materials necessitates the development of an intermediate recycling facility that can reprocess the secondary materials into a liquid product. Two downstream aluminum remelters will incorporate the liquid products into their aluminum alloy production schedules. Energy and environmental benefits result from delivering the products as liquid but coordination challenges persist because of the energy cost to maintain the liquid. Further coordination challenges result from the necessity to establish a long term recycling production plan in the presence of long term downstream aluminum remelter production uncertainty and inherent variation in the daily order schedule of the downstream aluminum remelters. In this context a fundamental question arises, considering the metallurgical complexities of dross reprocessing, what is the value of operating a coordinated set of by-product reprocessing plants and remelting cast houses? A methodology is presented to calculate the optimal recycling center production parameters including 1) the number of recycled products, 2) the volume of recycled products, 3) allocation of recycled materials across recycled products, 4) allocation of recycled products across finished alloys, 4) the level of flexibility for the recycling center to operate. The methods implemented include, 1) an optimization model to describe the long term operations of the recycling center, 2) an uncertainty simulation tool, 3) a simulation optimization method, 4) a dynamic simulation tool with four embedded daily production optimization models of varying degrees of flexibility. This methodology is used to quantify the performance of several recycling center production designs of varying levels of coordination and flexibility. This analysis allowed the identification of the optimal recycling center production design based on maximizing liquid recycled product incorporation and minimizing cast sows. The long term production optimization model was used to evaluate the theoretical viability of the proposed two stage scrap and aluminum dross reprocessing operation including the impact of reducing coordination on model performance. Reducing the coordination between the recycling center and downstream remelters by reducing the number of recycled products from ten to five resulted in only 1.3% less secondary material incorporated into downstream production. The dynamic simulation tool was used to evaluate the performance of the calculated recycling center production plan when resolved on a daily timeframe for varying levels of operational flexibility. The dynamic simulation revealed the optimal performance corresponded to the fixed recipe with flexible production daily optimization model formulation. Calculating recycled product characteristics using the proposed simulation optimization method increased profitability in cases of uncertain downstream remelter production and expensive aluminum dross and post-consumed secondary materials.
by Tracey H. Brommer.
Ph.D.
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Elo, Kristofer. "Automation in the Recycling Industry : Recycling of Plastic and Large Liquid Crystal Displays." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell Produktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90503.
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In a world of growing population and increasing prosperity, the demand for new high-technology products is increasing together with the demand for rawmaterials. To be able to deal with the demand for new raw materials and the increasing amount of waste, the recycling industry needs to prepare itself to cope with these changes. If the waste can become the new raw materials, then the recycling industry has a bright future. The implementation of new ways to recycle products can be the solution to succeeding in this challenge. The objective of this research is to investigate, from a technical perspective, automation in the recycling industry. More specifically, the objective is to identify problems and solutions in the recycling of plastics and large liquid crystal displays in order to better cope with current recycling requirements. This research was inspired by the research methodologies of industry-aslaboratory, action research, experimental research and two concept development methods. The results related to the recycling of plastics come from a theoretical investigation of the possibilities for a plastic sorting facility. The investigation resulted in two concepts for recycling systems, implementable with today’s stateof-the-art technology and a more futuristic concept for sorting and separating the different plastics of interest. The systems are designed with standardised processes and are arranged in a flexible way to be able to manage with current industrial requirements. The results related to large liquid crystal displays include a clarification of the requirements for an automatic recycling plant, concept generation, and practical testing of different technologies. Two preferred processes for dismantle large liquid crystal displays are the circle saw and band saw. Additional results are the semi-automatic process structure to manage with current industrial requirements for large liquid crystal displays.
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Tall, Stefan. "Recycling of mixed plastic waste." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Polymer Technology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2928.
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Rorbach, Joanna. "Ribosome recycling in human mitochondria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489319.
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Despite many years ofresearch, the molecular processes that govern protein synthesis in human mitochondria remain unclear. The main objective in this study is to characterise factors involved in mitochondrial ribosome recycling after translation termination has been completed. Up to now, one protein has been identified bioinformatically as a putative human mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (mtRRF) but with no supporting experimentation. This study investigates cellular localization and function of this candidate protein. Data presented in this thesis demonstrate that the putative mitochondrial recycling factor is indeed a mitochondrial protein. Further, human !J1tRRF is able to associate with E. coli ribosomes in vitro and with mitoribosomes in vivo. Depletion of mtRRF in human cell lines is lethal, causing a profound mitochondrial dysmorphism, aggregation of mitoribosomes, elevated mitochondrial superoxide production and eventual loss of OXPHOS complexes. Finally, expression of mtRRF in yeast devoid of endogenous· mitochondrial recycling factor suppresses the respiratory phenotype, indicating functional compatibility between these factors. This thesis concludes that mtRRF is an essential protein in mammalian mitochondria directly involved in ribosome recycling and synthesis ofmitochondrial proteins.
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Kronstrand, Therese. "Vinster med återvinning, Stena Recycling." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29085.
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This project operate an environmental assessment of total waste was conducted by using a life cycle assessment (LCA), that examines the environmental benefits of recycling production waste from Atlas Copco at Stena recycling. Atlas Copco is a company engaged in the development and production of rig-mounted hydraulic breakers and handheld air breakers and handheld motorized rotisserie. Stena recycling is a recycling company engaged in recycling, processing and refining of metals, paper, electronics waste and hazardous waste. The purpose of this study is to focus on Stena customer Atlas Copco and evaluate environmental benefits between to recycle and not to do it. The result shows that the total energy gain, resulting from the recycling of waste fractions, lands at 6 990 089 MJ, corresponding to drive 3 times around the Equator with a truck (40 t). The result shows that recycling 3040 kg paper provides an energy gain of (38 600 MJ) compared with burning paper (19 500 MJ) is 19 100 MJ, which corresponds to heat a house for 11 weeks. The result also shows that the energy gain from the waste fraction can heat 77 houses for a whole year. The conclusion is that environmental benefits will be greater recycling the waste fractions not recycling them at all. If everyone does their part in the recycling, we can help preserve our world for future generations by reducing the environmental impact.
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Xie, Yiran. "Recycling of foundry waste materials." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6737/.
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The recycling of a foundry ceramic waste from investment casting has been investigated. The waste was reduced in size by fly pressing and disc milling to d50 < 20 μm and cleaned by magnetic separation and acid leaching. The powder contained zircon, alumina and amorphous silica with 37, 38 and 24 wt. % (ZrSiO4: Al2O3: SiO2) respectively. Two products were targeted: zirconia toughened mullite (ZTM) ceramics produced with an addition of alumina and zircon based pigments developed by the removal of alumina and reaction with colourant ions. With an addition of 23.5 wt. % Al2O3, a ZTM containing 30 wt. % zirconia and 70 wt. % mullite exhibiting strength, hardness, thermal shock resistance and toughness commensurate with data reported in the literature were developed. Milling in isopropanol, dry pressing and sintering at 1600 ℃ for two hours optimised the properties. The transition to ZTM appeared to be through an intermediate glassy phase and limited by the dissociation of ZrSiO4. It was estimated that 70 % of the ZrO2 was transformable tetragonal without the addition of Y2O3. With Y2O3 non-transformable tetragonal ZrO2 was produced. It was shown that a clean zircon powder free of Al2O3 was generated by reaction with K2S2O7. Dissociation-synthesis and direct-synthesis routes were used to produce pigment. It was found that higher reaction temperature and the introduction of flux can significantly increase yellowness. The yellow produced from waste materials performed as well as those from commercial grade feeds.
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Krishnamoorthi, Ramesh, and Zhang Shinzhao. "Recycling of Glass Fiber Composites." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16494.
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Composites are the materials which can be used for a wide variety of applications andproducts such as sports equipment, aerospace and marine because of light and stiffnessproperties. Composites are often made from thermoset resin with glass fibers.In this study, two ways of recycling composites were evaluated, which are microwavepyrolysed composites (MGC) and mechanical composites (GC). These glass fibers weregoing to be compounded with Polypropylene (PP) or Maleic Anhydride ModifiedPolypropylene (MAPP) and then injection moulded the sample by Micro-compounder.In order to get better adhesion to the polymer, a coating was added. The Neoxil 5682-polypropylene water emulsion was evaluated.The samples were characterized by Tensile Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA),Different Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to find aoptimum combination of recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer.Microwave pyrolysis is a new research area. The glass fiber, polymer oil and gas can beobtained by heating the composite with microwaves to in an inert atmosphere. The polymeroil can be distillated and then evaluated with GC-MS; in order to obtain the chemicalcompositions.Keywords: Composites, grinded and microwave pyrolyse composites (MGC), grindedcomposites (GC), Polypropylene (PP), Maleic Anhydride Modified Polypropylene (MAPP),Micro-compounder, Tensile Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Different ScanningCalorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Microwave pyrolysis,polymer oil, distillation, GCMS Analysis.Program: MSc in Resource Recovery - Sustainable Engineering
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Heegn, Hanspeter. "Aufbereitung und Recycling in Freiberg." Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-210733.
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Ausgehend von der mit der Bergakademie verbundenen Geschichte der Aufbereitung in Freiberg werden die 1954 erfolgte Gründung und die in der Zeit der DDR erfolgreiche Tätigkeit des Forschungsinstitutes für Aufbereitung (FIA) dargestellt. Auch nach der Schließung des Instituts 1991 wurden die Forschungsarbeiten in gemeinnützigen Vereinen und schließlich als UVR-FIA GmbH bis in die Gegenwart weitergeführt. Mit der 2011 erfolgten Gründung des Helmholtz-Instituts für Ressourcentechnologie (HIF) besteht die Hoffnung, dass im Gebäudekomplex des ehemaligen FIA in Kooperation mit UVR-FIA GmbH, die durch die Initiative von Prof. Helmut Kirchberg Anfang der 1950er Jahre in Freiberg begründete, außeruniversitäre Forschung zur Rohstoffnutzung eine würdige Fortsetzung am traditionellen Standort findet.
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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, and A. O. Dmitrenko. "Intensive recycling and eco-efficiency." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16078.
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Matveyeva, O. "Recycling process in Ukrainian enterprises." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31661.
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Today there is a big problem with pollution of atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. So it is important to find a way in which it is able to minimize the scale of this problem. There are many ways to decide them such as use less energy and product, use resources more efficiently and recycle the waste.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31661
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Ramadhani, R. K. "Plastic recycling technology in Tanzania." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36270.
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Tanzania, officially known as the United Republic of Tanzania, is a mid-sized country in Eastern Africa bordering the Indian Ocean. It is home to a population of about 46.1 million people. Tanzania has a tropical climate, temperature range between 10°C and 32°C.
Currently, With more than 10 bottled water companies, high supply competition in commercial cities and consumption of water bottles have significantly increased, moreover, majority of entrepreneurs in Tanzania own small shops and retail business, door to door and moving shops, the amount of plastic bags and plastic material waste have been a considerable threat toward environment protection.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36270
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Al-Rababa'a, Ahmad. "Arithmetic bit recycling data compression." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26759.
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Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016La compression des données est la technique informatique qui vise à réduire la taille de l'information pour minimiser l'espace de stockage nécessaire et accélérer la transmission des données dans les réseaux à bande passante limitée. Plusieurs techniques de compression telles que LZ77 et ses variantes souffrent d'un problème que nous appelons la redondance causée par la multiplicité d'encodages. La multiplicité d'encodages (ME) signifie que les données sources peuvent être encodées de différentes manières. Dans son cas le plus simple, ME se produit lorsqu'une technique de compression a la possibilité, au cours du processus d'encodage, de coder un symbole de différentes manières. La technique de compression par recyclage de bits a été introduite par D. Dubé et V. Beaudoin pour minimiser la redondance causée par ME. Des variantes de recyclage de bits ont été appliquées à LZ77 et les résultats expérimentaux obtenus conduisent à une meilleure compression (une réduction d'environ 9% de la taille des fichiers qui ont été compressés par Gzip en exploitant ME). Dubé et Beaudoin ont souligné que leur technique pourrait ne pas minimiser parfaitement la redondance causée par ME, car elle est construite sur la base du codage de Huffman qui n'a pas la capacité de traiter des mots de code (codewords) de longueurs fractionnaires, c'est-à-dire qu'elle permet de générer des mots de code de longueurs intégrales. En outre, le recyclage de bits s'appuie sur le codage de Huffman (HuBR) qui impose des contraintes supplémentaires pour éviter certaines situations qui diminuent sa performance. Contrairement aux codes de Huffman, le codage arithmétique (AC) peut manipuler des mots de code de longueurs fractionnaires. De plus, durant ces dernières décennies, les codes arithmétiques ont attiré plusieurs chercheurs vu qu'ils sont plus puissants et plus souples que les codes de Huffman. Par conséquent, ce travail vise à adapter le recyclage des bits pour les codes arithmétiques afin d'améliorer l'efficacité du codage et sa flexibilité. Nous avons abordé ce problème à travers nos quatre contributions (publiées). Ces contributions sont présentées dans cette thèse et peuvent être résumées comme suit. Premièrement, nous proposons une nouvelle technique utilisée pour adapter le recyclage de bits qui s'appuie sur les codes de Huffman (HuBR) au codage arithmétique. Cette technique est nommée recyclage de bits basé sur les codes arithmétiques (ACBR). Elle décrit le cadriciel et les principes de l'adaptation du HuBR à l'ACBR. Nous présentons aussi l'analyse théorique nécessaire pour estimer la redondance qui peut être réduite à l'aide de HuBR et ACBR pour les applications qui souffrent de ME. Cette analyse démontre que ACBR réalise un recyclage parfait dans tous les cas, tandis que HuBR ne réalise de telles performances que dans des cas très spécifiques. Deuxièmement, le problème de la technique ACBR précitée, c'est qu'elle requiert des calculs à précision arbitraire. Cela nécessite des ressources illimitées (ou infinies). Afin de bénéficier de cette dernière, nous proposons une nouvelle version à précision finie. Ladite technique devienne ainsi efficace et applicable sur les ordinateurs avec les registres classiques de taille fixe et peut être facilement interfacée avec les applications qui souffrent de ME. Troisièmement, nous proposons l'utilisation de HuBR et ACBR comme un moyen pour réduire la redondance afin d'obtenir un code binaire variable à fixe. Nous avons prouvé théoriquement et expérimentalement que les deux techniques permettent d'obtenir une amélioration significative (moins de redondance). À cet égard, ACBR surpasse HuBR et fournit une classe plus étendue des sources binaires qui pouvant bénéficier d'un dictionnaire pluriellement analysable. En outre, nous montrons qu'ACBR est plus souple que HuBR dans la pratique. Quatrièmement, nous utilisons HuBR pour réduire la redondance des codes équilibrés générés par l'algorithme de Knuth. Afin de comparer les performances de HuBR et ACBR, les résultats théoriques correspondants de HuBR et d'ACBR sont présentés. Les résultats montrent que les deux techniques réalisent presque la même réduction de redondance sur les codes équilibrés générés par l'algorithme de Knuth.
Data compression aims to reduce the size of data so that it requires less storage space and less communication channels bandwidth. Many compression techniques (such as LZ77 and its variants) suffer from a problem that we call the redundancy caused by the multiplicity of encodings. The Multiplicity of Encodings (ME) means that the source data may be encoded in more than one way. In its simplest case, it occurs when a compression technique with ME has the opportunity at certain steps, during the encoding process, to encode the same symbol in different ways. The Bit Recycling compression technique has been introduced by D. Dubé and V. Beaudoin to minimize the redundancy caused by ME. Variants of bit recycling have been applied on LZ77 and the experimental results showed that bit recycling achieved better compression (a reduction of about 9% in the size of files that have been compressed by Gzip) by exploiting ME. Dubé and Beaudoin have pointed out that their technique could not minimize the redundancy caused by ME perfectly since it is built on Huffman coding, which does not have the ability to deal with codewords of fractional lengths; i.e. it is constrained to generating codewords of integral lengths. Moreover, Huffman-based Bit Recycling (HuBR) has imposed an additional burden to avoid some situations that affect its performance negatively. Unlike Huffman coding, Arithmetic Coding (AC) can manipulate codewords of fractional lengths. Furthermore, it has attracted researchers in the last few decades since it is more powerful and flexible than Huffman coding. Accordingly, this work aims to address the problem of adapting bit recycling to arithmetic coding in order to improve the code effciency and the flexibility of HuBR. We addressed this problem through our four (published) contributions. These contributions are presented in this thesis and can be summarized as follows. Firstly, we propose a new scheme for adapting HuBR to AC. The proposed scheme, named Arithmetic-Coding-based Bit Recycling (ACBR), describes the framework and the principle of adapting HuBR to AC. We also present the necessary theoretical analysis that is required to estimate the average amount of redundancy that can be removed by HuBR and ACBR in the applications that suffer from ME, which shows that ACBR achieves perfect recycling in all cases whereas HuBR achieves perfect recycling only in very specific cases. Secondly, the problem of the aforementioned ACBR scheme is that it uses arbitrary-precision calculations, which requires unbounded (or infinite) resources. Hence, in order to benefit from ACBR in practice, we propose a new finite-precision version of the ACBR scheme, which makes it efficiently applicable on computers with conventional fixed-sized registers and can be easily interfaced with the applications that suffer from ME. Thirdly, we propose the use of both techniques (HuBR and ACBR) as the means to reduce the redundancy in plurally parsable dictionaries that are used to obtain a binary variable-to-fixed length code. We theoretically and experimentally show that both techniques achieve a significant improvement (less redundancy) in this respect, but ACBR outperforms HuBR and provides a wider class of binary sources that may benefit from a plurally parsable dictionary. Moreover, we show that ACBR is more flexible than HuBR in practice. Fourthly, we use HuBR to reduce the redundancy of the balanced codes generated by Knuth's algorithm. In order to compare the performance of HuBR and ACBR, the corresponding theoretical results and analysis of HuBR and ACBR are presented. The results show that both techniques achieved almost the same significant reduction in the redundancy of the balanced codes generated by Knuth's algorithm.
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Ahuja, Kapil. "Recycling Krylov Subspaces and Preconditioners." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29539.
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Science and engineering problems frequently require solving a sequence of single linear systems or a sequence of dual linear systems. We develop algorithms that recycle Krylov subspaces and preconditioners from one system (or pair of systems) in the sequence to the next, leading to efficient solutions.
Besides the benefit of only having to store few Lanczos vectors, using BiConjugate Gradients (BiCG) to solve dual linear systems may have application-specific advantages. For example, using BiCG to solve the dual linear systems arising in interpolatory model reduction provides a backward error formulation in the model reduction framework. Using BiCG to evaluate bilinear forms -- for example, in the variational Monte Carlo (VMC) algorithm for electronic structure calculations -- leads to a quadratic error bound. Since one of our focus areas is sequences of dual linear systems, we introduce recycling BiCG, a BiCG method that recycles two Krylov subspaces from one pair of dual linear systems to the next pair. The derivation of recycling BiCG also builds the foundation for developing recycling variants of other bi-Lanczos based methods like CGS, BiCGSTAB, BiCGSTAB2, BiCGSTAB(l), QMR, and TFQMR.
We develop a generalized bi-Lanczos algorithm, where the two matrices of the bi-Lanczos procedure are not each other's conjugate transpose but satisfy this relation over the generated Krylov subspaces. This is sufficient for a short term recurrence. Next, we derive an augmented bi-Lanczos algorithm with recycling and show that this algorithm is a special case of generalized bi-Lanczos. The Petrov-Galerkin approximation that includes recycling in the iteration leads to modified two-term recurrences for the solution and residual updates.
We generalize and extend the framework of our recycling BiCG to CGS, BiCGSTAB and BiCGSTAB2. We perform extensive numerical experiments and analyze the generated recycle space. We test all of our recycling algorithms on a discretized partial differential equation (PDE) of convection-diffusion type. This PDE problem provides well-known test cases that are easy to analyze further. We use recycling BiCG in the Iterative Rational Krylov Algorithm (IRKA) for interpolatory model reduction and in the VMC algorithm. For a model reduction problem, we show up to 70% savings in iterations, and we also demonstrate that solving the problem without recycling leads to (about) a 50% increase in runtime. Experiments with recycling BiCG for VMC gives promising results.
We also present an algorithm that recycles preconditioners, leading to a dramatic reduction in the cost of VMC for large(r) systems. The main cost of the VMC method is in constructing a sequence of Slater matrices and computing the ratios of determinants for successive Slater matrices. Recent work has improved the scaling of constructing Slater matrices for insulators, so that the cost of constructing Slater matrices in these systems is now linear in the number of particles. However, the cost of computing determinant ratios remains cubic in the number of particles. With the long term aim of simulating much larger systems, we improve the scaling of computing determinant ratios in the VMC method for simulating insulators by using preconditioned iterative solvers.
The main contribution here is the development of a method to efficiently compute for the Slater matrices a sequence of preconditioners that make the iterative solver converge rapidly. This involves cheap preconditioner updates, an effective reordering strategy, and a cheap method to monitor instability of ILUTP preconditioners. Using the resulting preconditioned iterative solvers to compute determinant ratios of consecutive Slater matrices reduces the scaling of the VMC algorithm from O(n^3) per sweep to roughly O(n^2), where n is the number of particles, and a sweep is a sequence of n steps, each attempting to move a distinct particle. We demonstrate experimentally that we can achieve the improved scaling without increasing statistical errors.Ph. D.
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KATTA, KRANTHI KUMAR, and Ifeanyi William Okogwu. "REFRIGERATOR COMPRESSOR TREATMENT AND RECYCLING." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43388.
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Social demands of recycle is becoming strong. In modern production systems, largenumber of one model of product is manufactured at a time and the way ofproduction operations are well specified. In recycling systems, on the contrary, it isusual that operation of disassemble for each works differs. Because of this,achieving high efficiency in recycling systems have been difficult. Quality FunctionDeployment (QFD) was implemented in the project to obtain clear understandingof the problem being dealt with. Being a case study in the recycling of end-of-liferefrigerators means there are several stakeholders which must be satisfied includinggovernment regulations, workforce, and the business organisation. At the same timeproductivity is maximised while cost and time is diminished. Designing withfunction, brainstorming and patent searches were used to generate new ideas.Building morphology was also used to generate ideas as well as document them.The results of the project are different concepts that can be applied individually anda comprehensive concept that will entail exhaustive change in the entire system.The recycling of compressors for material recovery is discussed.http://www.diva-portal.se/smash/get/diva2:1326957/FULLTEXT02.pdf
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Dardis, Joseph M. "Recycling Concrete for Sustainable Construction." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1364039160.
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Boillat, Pauline. "Energy efficient fibre composites recycling." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298422.
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In this project, an investigation will be performed about how to improve thermal properties of recycled composite material. First, a literature study was performed about the potential techniques to improve the heating efficiency of the composites. Heating techniques, fibres and possible fillers were investigated. Secondely, an experimental method was set with the material available. In the laboratory a precedent work was performed on the thermal conductivity of polyamide 12 reinforced with glass fibres. The conductivity of polyamide 12 reinforced with carbon fibres is measured using the same experimental method to compare the thermal conductivity. In theory, carbon fibres have a better thermal conductivity than glass fibres, this was confirmed by the experiments performed. During the recycling of thermoplastic fibre composites the scrap will be grinded. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of small pieces of carbon fibre composites was measured, the thermal conductivity is reduced due to the increase of air fraction and the shortening of the fibres. The thermal conductivity of small pieces of glass fibre composite was investigated in the previous work, by mixing the grinded pieces of carbon fibre composite and the small pieces of the glass fibre composite the effect on the thermal conductivity was investigated. It was noticed that using smaller pieces of grinded material allows to reduce the air fraction between the bigger pieces and increase the thermal conductivity.I detta projekt kommer en undersökning att göras om hur man effektivt kan återvinna fiberförstärkta termoplaster. Först genomfördes en litteraturstudie om de potentiella teknikerna för att förbättra kompositernas uppvärmningseffektivitet. Uppvärmningstekniker, fibrer och möjliga fyllmedel undersöktes. Därefter genomfördes experiment med tillgängligt material. I laboratoriet hade tidigare ett arbete genomförts för att mäta värmeledningsförmågan hos polyamid 12 förstärkt med glasfibrer. Ledningsförmågan hos polyamid 12 förstärkt med kolfibrer kommer här att mätas med samma experimentella metod för att jämföra värmeledningsförmågan. I teorin har kolfibrer bättre värmeledningsförmåga än glasfibrer, detta bekräftades av de utförda experimenten. Under återvinning av kompositer av termoplastfibrer maldes restmaterialet ner. Därför mättes värmeledningsförmågan hos små bitar av kolfiberkompositer, värmeledningsförmågan minskades på grund av ökningen av luftfraktion och förkortningen av fibrerna. Värmeledningsförmågan hos små bitar av glasfiberkomposit undersöktes i det föregående arbetet, genom att blanda de slipade bitarna av kolfiberkomposit och de små bitarna av glasfiberkompositet undersöktes effekten på värmekonduktiviteten. Det noterades att användning av mindre bitar av slipat material gör det möjligt att minska luftfraktionen mellan de större bitarna och öka värmeledningsförmågan.
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Al-rifai, Jawad Hilmi. "Performance of water recycling technologies." Access electronically, 2008. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080918.125513/index.html.
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Rock, Channah, Jean E. McLain, and Daniel Gerrity. "Common Terminology of Water Recycling." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/225868.
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De, Venny Alan S. "Recycling of demolished masonry rubble." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1999. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6043.
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The recycling of demolished masonry rubble as the coarse aggregate in new concrete represents an interesting possibility at a time when the cost of dumping such material is on the increase. With growing concerns over the environmental impact of aggregate extraction and the continued rise in aggregate demand in the UK, it is clear that the market is now there for recycled and secondary aggregates. The present investigation consists of experimental and theoretical studies into the effects of using recycled aggregates to produce concrete instead of virgin aggregates. The aggregates used have been recycled from construction and demolition waste. The recycled aggregates were predominately made up of crushed bricks but the aggregates did contain impurities such as timber and mortar. New bricks were crushed to form an aggregate in order to investigate the properties of brick as a material without impurities. The physical properties of the various aggregates were firstly examined and compared with granite aggregate, an aggregate proven in the production of good quality concrete. Concrete was then produced with the aggregates and all the physical and mechanical properties of the concretes were examined in some detail. The results showed that recycled masonry aggregates can be used successfully to produce· concrete of an acceptable standard. New test methods were presented in this investigation to determine brick porosity and water absorption. This involved the testing of broken brick fragments under vacuum, rather than the testing of whole brick units by 5hrs boiling or 24hrs submersion in cold water. The new test methods proved to be easy to perform and provided accurate results. A new test method for estimating the strength of bricks was presented. This involved point-loading of masonry specimens to obtain strength index values. From the pointload results, equations were presented relating the strength index values of brick fragments to the compressive strength of whole brick units. This involved the development of shape factors for different masonry specimens. The point-load test is easy to perform, presents a cheaper alternative to heavy compression machines and can be used on site to determine the suitability of recycled bricks as the aggregate in new concrete.
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Lopeman, Brooke Ann. "CAMPUS RECYCLING - INFLUENCES AND DECISIONS." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1394.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF BROOKE A LOPEMAN, for the Master of Science degree IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, presented on JULY 6, 2011, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: CAMPUS RECYCLING - INFLUENCES AND DECISIONS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Matthew Therrell The purpose of this study is to assess the factors that most influence decision making in regards to environmental programming on a university campus. The results of this study serve as a guide for campus administration when implementing future environmental programs. At most universities there is a large population living on campus, this creates the opportunity to encourage pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors of a large population. College, for many students, is the first time away from their family home and a time they can develop new attitudes and behaviors. This allows campus administrators the opportunity to influence students at a time in which they are developing new habits. It is important for campus administration to understand the factors that influence students' participation in environmental programs and how to influence students' long term attitudes and behaviors toward environmental concerns. This study determined which factors most strongly influence students to participate in the recycling program within their residence halls. The roles and attitudes of University Housing Staff toward current environmental programs were also assessed. Improved understanding of student participation and administrator roles can help support future environmental efforts on campus. Interviews with administrators showed that while administration may have a reasonable understanding of the factors that influence students to participate in recycling programs; this understanding does not extend to the actual programs that are being implemented. Of the students surveyed in this research, 100% responded that they thought there are improvements that should be made to increase recycling on campus. The factors that should most influence administrators in environmental decisions on campus were explored with student opinions of the current programs. The recycling research completed shows that both convenience and pro-environmental education are important influences on students' decisions to participate in recycling programs within their residence halls. The research shows that recycling increased by 50% with the addition of both convenience and pro-environmental education. Based on the increase in the amount of recycling per person in this study, the addition of these two components throughout the residence halls at Southern Illinois University could result in approximately 3,750 pounds of waste reduction per semester. While convenience has been shown to have an influence on recycling, e.g. Jennings (2004), this study focuses on the influence of pro-environmental education as well. Education is an important component that many environmental programs on campus are lacking.
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Lovda, Kathryn Lynn. "THE OHIO BAR AND RESTAURANT RECYCLING TOOLKIT: A RESOURCE DESIGNED TO ASSIST BARS AND RESTAURANTS IN IMPLEMENTING AN EFFECTIVE RECYCLING PROGRAM TO HELP MEET OHIO’S DEMANDS FOR RECYCLED GLASS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1416995518.
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Abu, Zeid Houda, and Tanya Syed. "Suitable textile recycling methods for implementation inSweden : A study in mechanical and chemical recycling methods." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226867.
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Detta projekt undersöker de ekonomiska, tekniska och miljömässiga aspekterna avtextilproduktion samt textilåtervinning. Paralleller dras mellan olika naturfibrer ochsyntetfibrer där såväl positiva som negativa aspekter belyses. I rapporten exemplifieras demest omdiskuterade textilierna; bomull, polyester, viskos och lyocell. Vidare görs en analyspå diverse textilåtervinningstekniker som finns i dagsläget och hur dessa är lämpade fördagens samhälle. På så sätt kan man undersöka vilka framtida möjligheter och begränsningarsom finns för utvecklingen av den textila återvinningen. En SWOT-analys utförs för attutreda möjligheterna för implementering av någon av de befintliga återvinningsteknikerna,kemisk respektive mekanisk återvinning, i Sverige. Utifrån SWOT-analysen som även räknassom rapportens resultat och även utifrån forskning i litteraturstudien dras slutsatsen attkemisk återvinning är tekniken som bäst lämpar sig utifrån Sveriges förhållanden. Slutsatserdras också kring vilka områden som landet måste fokusera på för att möjliggöra en storskaligåtervinning och detta involverar sorteringsteknologier, insamling och hantering av återvunnatextilfibrer. De specifika slutsaterna är:● Fokus bör ligga på att öka insamlingen av textilier då kemisk återvinning är mesteffektiv när det gäller återvinning av större volymer.● Majoriteten av all sortering av textilier bör automatiseras för att underlättahanteringen av insamlingen av textilier● Till en början bör endast textilier som gjorda på endast en fibertyp återvinnas, dettaeftersom att blandtextilier är mycket mer komplexa att hantera.Rapporten är uppdelad i två delar där den första delen innehåller introduktion, projektetsfrågeställningar samt målbeskrivning. Den senare delen är en längre litteraturstudie där faktaom olika typer av textilfibrer och hur produktion samt återvinning av dessa fibrer påverkarmiljö och samhälle. Litteraturstudien följs upp av en modellbeskrivning och en djupgåendeanalys av de slutgiltiga resultaten. I litteraturstudien återfinns även en intervju som ärgenomförd med klädföretaget Houdini Sportswear AB.This report strives to examine the economical, technical and environmental aspects of textileproduction, but mainly textile recycling. Comparisons between natural fibers and syntheticones will be made, comparing both positive and negative aspects. The textile fibers that willbe discussed are cotton, viscose, polyester and lyocell. Furthermore, an analysis of varioustextile recycling technologies currently available and how suited they are for today’s societywill be made. By doing so one can explore the future possibilities and limitations for thedevelopment of textile recycling. A SWOT-analysis will be conducted in order to examinethe possibility to implement one of the recycling techniques in Sweden. The conclusion thatformed from the SWOT-analysis was that the chemical recycling technique is better fitted fora country of Sweden’s nature. Furthermore, in order for Sweden to be able to implement alarge scale recycling system there is a need for development of certain areas, such as sortingtechnologies, collection and general managing of recycled textile fibers. Some furtherconclusions from this study are that:● Greater focus is needed in order to increase the collection of textiles, since thechemical recycling method is the most efficient when it comes to the recycling oflarger volumes of textiles.● The majority of the sorting of textiles should be done automatically to facilitate thehandling of the collection of textiles.● In the beginning one should focus on recycling textiles that only consist of one type offiber, this since the recycling of textiles consisting of more than one type of fiber ismore complex and the technique for it is not yet fully developed.There are two parts to the report. The first part contains an introduction and a description ofthe project’s research questions and mission. The second part is a literature study whichcontains information about different types of textile fibers currently available and how theproduction and recycling of these fibers affect the environment and society as a whole. Theliterature study is followed by a description of the model used in this report and also ananalysis of the final results. An interview conducted with the sportswear company HoudiniSportswear AB can also be found in the literature study.
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Cheng, Ka-man Gavin, and 鄭嘉民. "WEEE recycling in Hong Kong : a study of household attitude and behavior towards WEEE recycling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194561.
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Electrical and electronic goods production is one of the fastest growing markets in the world. More new electronic goods appear every year. If the electronic waste cannot be managed and recycled properly, more and more electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) would be generated in the future. In fact, improper WEEE treatment causes tremendous harmful effect to the environment and finally affects our health.
More effort was put in WEEE recycling worldwide. In recent years, the government, NGOs and other responsible parties worked very hard in Hong Kong WEEE recycling. However, Hong Kong is still lagging behind in terms of WEEE recycling compare with other countries. In Hong Kong, large quantities of WEEE are shipped to developing countries, which are non-ethical. Some of them would also go to landfills in Hong Kong, which causes serious land contamination. Even if the electronic waste is collected, the collectors may not follow the EPD guidelines to recycle the waste. Therefore, it is important to let people know the environmental impact of WEEE, the proper WEEE recycling channels and the importance of WEEE recycling so as to raise their awareness towards WEEE issues.
There are few research findings about household WEEE recycling in Hong Kong, especially the household attitude and behavior towards WEEE recycling. The result in this dissertation can fill this knowledge gap. In this study, questionnaires will be used to find out the WEEE generation pattern and recycling frequency in households, the prefer disposal methods for household WEEE and the household attitudes and behavior towards WEEE recycling. Besides, some WEEE recycling facilities will be visited to identify difficulties in WEEE recycling. Finally, possible ways will be suggested to tackle the difficulties of WEEE recycling.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Mick, Tracy A. "Recycling baler material properties for safer baler operation." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4150.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 74 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62).
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Šijaković, Milan. "Recycling industrial architecture : the redefinition of the recycling principles in the context of sustainable architectural design." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318165.
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The aim of this thesis is the elucidation of the concept of architectural recycling as an environmentally sustainable alternative to demolition and preservation. More precisely, the research aim relates to the redefinition of recycling design principles in the context of the sustainable architectural design. The process of architectural recycling was placed in the context of a sustainable architectural design, as the global concept of sustainable development is imposed as a general context for all building related questions in the last few decades. Industrial architecture is the most appropriate type of architecture for the research on architectural recycling due to its physical characteristics, i.e. large flexible spaces with great adaptability potential.
The focus of this research is on the exploration and redefinition of the recycling design principles. More precisely, the focus is on the creation of the so-called 'recycling model', consisting of three redefined recycling design principles, which stem from the analogy between the domains of biology and architecture. The analogy was conducted in a systematic manner, applying the set of criteria which refer to structure, material, form and spatial organisation, i.e. their relationship between both existing building and new intervention.
The general research hypothesis refers to the advantages of the architectural recycling over demolition and preservation, seen as the most frequently applied methods of dealing with the existing building stock. This assumption is based on the view that processes of demolition and replacement simply contribute to the endless circle of production, consumption and waste, given that the building sector constitutes one of the biggest waste streams produced in Europe, and is unquestionably the biggest polluter. On the other hand, preservation persists in maintaining status quo and prevents the building to adapt to changing condition through alterations and change of use. A systematic review of the concepts of preservation, restoration, destruction and sustainable design, is presented based on the sources by John Ruskin, William Morris, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc and Rem Koolhaas, respectively. The analysis enabled the elucidation of the concept of architectural recycling as preservation through change: in the context of a sustainable architectural design.
The second hypothesis refers to the adequacy of biological analogies for the definition of the recycling design principles. lt is assumed that the biological concept of symbiosis is the most adequate one for the definition of the possible relationships between the original industrial building and the new intervention. From the concept of symbiosis stem three redefined design principles of recycling, namely: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
The final research hypothesis refers to the relationship between the physical characteristic of an underused industrial building and the most environmentally sustainable design principle for its recycling. lt is assumed that in order for the recycling intervention to produce least environmental damage, the original building should be exploited to a high degree. Hence, it is assumed that the election of the most environmentally sustainable recycling design principle depends on the current condition of the existing industrial building. The value of the 'recycling model' (consisting of three redefined recycling design principles) is seen in its multidisciplinary character and its systematic approach to the topic of recycling architecture, i.e. the principles embedded in this model relate to the aspects of structure, material, form and spatial organization. The 'recycling model' provides a fresh understanding of how an extensive range of physical characteristics of an existing building can be considered in a systematic way in order to provide the guidance for choosing the most environmentally sustainable recycling design principle.El objetivo de esta tesis es la explicación del concepto de reciclaje arquitectónico como una alternativa ambientalmente sostenible a la demolición o para la preservación. En concreto, la investigación se refiere a la redefinición del diseño del reciclaje en el marco del diseño arquitectónico sostenible. La idea general del desarrollo sostenible se impone a todas las preguntas relacionadas con la construcción durante las últimas décadas. Teniendo en cuenta que sólo un pequeño porcentaje de los edificios existentes esta realizado de obra nueva, es evidente que no es suficiente desarrollar estrategias y conceptos de diseño sostenible sólo para los proyectos nuevos, sino también para los preexistentes. La arquitectura industrial con grandes espacios flexibles y con un gran potencial de adaptación, es la tipología más adecuada para la investigación del reciclaje arquitectónico. El estudio se enfoca en la exploración y redefinición del diseño del reciclaje, concretamente, en la creación de un modelo de reciclaje. Este se compone de tres principios redefinidos del diseño, que surgen de la comparación entre los campos de la biología y la arquitectura. La analogía se llevó a cabo de manera sistemática, aplicando el conjunto de criterios que se refieren a la estructura, los materiales, la forma y la organización espacial, es decir, su relación entre el edificio existente y la nueva intervención. La hipótesis general de la investigación se refiere a las ventajas del reciclaje arquitectónico sobre demolición o preservación, desde la perspectiva de los métodos más aplicados en las intervenciones de edificios existentes. Ésta se basa en la idea, que los procesos de demolición y sustitución simplemente contribuyen al interminable circulo de la producción, el consumo y los residuos. El sector de la construcción constituye uno de los mayores flujos de residuos producidos en Europa y es sin duda el mayor contaminador. Por otro lado, la preservación impone mantener el 'status quo' e impide el edificio adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones. La revisión sistemática de los conceptos de conservación, restauración, destrucción y el diseño sostenible, está basada en las fuentes de John Ruskin, William Morris, Eugéne Viollet-le-Duc y Rem Koolhaas, respectivamente. El análisis permite aclarar el concepto de reciclaje arquitectónico como la 'conservación a través del cambio', siempre en un contexto del diseño arquitectónico sostenible. La segunda hipótesis consiste en comprobar las analogías biológicas para la definición de los conceptos del diseño del reciclaje. Se supone que el concepto biológico de 'simbiosis' es el más adecuado para la definición del nuevo diseño del reciclaje, es decir, la concreción de las relaciones entre el edificio industrial existente y la nueva intervención. Desde el concepto de simbiosis derivan tres principios de diseño de reciclaje: comensalismo, mutualismo y parasitismo. La última hipótesis se refiere a la relación entre las características físicas de un edificio industrial y el concepto de diseño ambientalmente sostenible para su reciclaje. Cuando el edificio tiene un alto uso intensivo, la intervención de reciclaje tiene un menor impacto ambiental. La elección del principio de diseño más sostenible ambientalmente depende de las condiciones, estructural y material, del edificio industrial existente. El valor de este 'modelo de reciclaje' se ve en su carácter multidisciplinar y su enfoque sistemático al tema del reciclaje de la arquitectura. Los principios incorporados en este modelo se refieren a los aspectos de la estructura, material, forma y organización espacial. El 'modelo de reciclaje' proporciona una nueva comprensión de cómo una amplia gama de características físicas de un edificio preexistente se puede considerar de manera sistemática. La finalidad consiste en orientar la elección del mejor concepto de diseño de reciclaje ambientalmente sostenible.
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Kayanda, Athuman. "ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE RECYCLING OF ELECTRONIC WASTE. : Resource efficiency within recycling supply chains." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217867.
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Kwan, Cheng Lai-man Heidi. "Recycling business in Hong Kong : an economic and environmental perspective /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498010.
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Nchabeleng, Ramphagane Frank. "Gold recovery from waste mobile phones PCBs using ammonia thiosulphate leaching and copper cementation process." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2855.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The rate of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is growing at an alarming rate, especially in countries where markets are saturated with huge quantities of new electronic goods. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a substantial portion of the value contained in waste from WEEE although they are only 6% of the total weight. It is reported that WEEE is currently the fastest growing waste stream in South Africa as the general population’s access to electronic goods in the last decade has increased, especially access to mobile phones. PCBs are found in any piece of electrical or electronic equipment and consist of various metals including precious metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd). It is reported that gold has the highest economic incentive at 15,200 $ per ton of PCBs. The rapid introduction of new and advanced technology into mobile phones has caused mobile phones to have a relatively short life span, 1 to 2 years to be exact. Mobile phones printed circuit boards (MPPCBs) have more Au content compared to computer circuit boards. They contain 350 g/ton Au whereas computer (PC) PCBs contains 250 g/ton. This research project will recover gold from waste mobile phones PCBs pregnant ammonia thiosulphate leach solution using copper cementation. The cementation process is preferred to all the other technologies of metals extraction from solution due to ultrahigh purity metals that can be obtained and to the less consumption of materials and energy. Electronic parts on the PCBs were manually removed using pliers and screwdrivers. PCBs were then cut to smaller pieces of about 2 x 2 m. The pieces were crushed and milled respectively. Some of the particles were recycled back to the crusher to get finer particles. The particles were separated to particles of sizes between 0 and 1350 μm using a shaker. The comminuted fractions of the PCBs were then used in the leaching step. Batch cementation experiments were performed by bubbling N2 in glass reaction vessel with a working volume of 0.5 L. The reactor was connected to a circulating water bath for temperature control. The recovery percentage of gold at various temperatures, agitation speeds and different amounts of copper powder used, was determined while pH was monitored. The temperature was varied at 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C and the agitation speeds at 300 RPM and 900 RPM. Copper powder was added at 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L, and 1.5 g/L. Gold concentrations were measured by atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) analyses of the copper powder after cementation (precipitates) were used to determine the surface morphology and to evaluate the quantitative aspect of the precipitate. It was found that the recovery of gold from ammonia thiosulphate leach solution was greatly affected by agitation speed. At an agitation speed of 900 rpm, 40 °C and 0.5 g of Copper powder, 96% of the gold was recovered from the leach solution. The cementation rate increased as temperature was elevated from 30 to 40 °C, but slightly decreased as the temperature reached 50 °C. The change in experimental conditions affected the gold concentration on the precipitate recovered. This study will provide a possible solution to the WEEE problem and more specifically mobile cell phones, in South Africa.
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Hallett, Jason Patrick. "Enhanced recovery of homogeneous catalysts through manipulation of phase behavior." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11214.
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Schaffner, Beatrice. "Solarthermisches recycling von festen schwermetallhaltigen Sonderabfällen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14745.
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Grause, Guido. "Chemisches Recycling von Polyethylenterephthalat und Polymethylmethacrylat." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967749123.
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Masuhr, Lilian. "Recycling – von der Wegwerf- zur Austauschgesellschaft." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6058/.
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Inhalt:
- »Coffee to stay«
- Recyclingstrategien überdenken
- Transparenz des Recyclingweges
- Zwei Konsumgenerationen
- Eine Austauschgesellschafft
- Extremformen des Recyclings
- Entwicklungsländer als Vorbild
- Grenzen des Recyclings
- Vom Hippie über den Hipster zum Helden
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Aquino, Sergio. "Recycling precious metals from mobile phones." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64230.
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The world population reached 7.5 billion inhabitants in April 2017. The number of mobile phones will reach 4.77 billion by the end of this year. Mobile phones are made of more than 50 elements. Discoveries of economically viable gold mines in the main producing countries have been slowing down significantly since the 1800s. The global surface temperature of the planet is warming at 0.17⁰C per decade relative to pre-industrial levels.
The mobile phone was chosen for this thesis because it is a comprehensive unit of hazardous waste and e-waste. Mobile phones are a municipal solid waste and public health concern. The low energy and low barrier to entry recycling business this thesis envisions recycles precious metals from end of life mobile phones close to where the devices are discarded.
This thesis uses system dynamics to model the exponential adoption of mobile phones and its impact in mining and CO₂e emissions. The model is the basis to calculate the return of new precious metal recycling businesses.
Climate change is one of the hardest problem men has ever faced because it requires many countries to work together to establish climate centric governance and policies. Businesses are reviewing their supply chain and energy sources.
This work focuses on disruptive low energy and low barrier to entry technologies to recycle precious metals from mobile phones. Local recycling businesses will create jobs and stimulate the economy in B.C., Canada, and the world.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate
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Laine, Anu Talvikki. "Technologies for greywater recycling in buildings." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/1205.
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The potential of four pilot-scale wastewater treatment processes for in-building greywater recycling has been assessed. The evaluation of three membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and a biological aerated filter (BAF) was principally with reference to the non-potable water reuse quality standards. In the steady-state trials the feedwater quality was changed from synthetic greywater to blackwater (primary sewage influent) simulating the variability of domestic wastewater. The submerged MBR met both the chemical and microbiological water reuse quality standards independent of the feedwater strength. The BAF mostly achieved a significant reduction in organic pollutants but failed to meet the microbiological water quality criteria. Greywater treatment by the side-stream MBR resulted in a very good effluent quality whilst the membrane aeration bioreactor (MABR) had the most limited capacity to remove the pollutants measured. The unsteady-state trials were carried out on the submerged MBR and the BAF. The performance of the former remained relatively unchanged in the feedwater transitions and the intermittent operation of feed and/or air with synthetic greywater. These tests on the BAF resulted in a loss of performance such that in some cases the recovery took several days. In the supplementary experiments nutrient deficiency, variability in strength and degradation during storage were found typical of both real and synthetic greywater, hence potentially affecting the treatability of greywater. A survey on behavioural patterns in households indicated that perceived harmfulness of a substance did not necessarily affect the frequency with which it was discharged. Laboratory experiments suggested that some substances discharged with the greywater may increase the risk of failure of the biological treatment process.