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Journal articles on the topic 'Recycling (upcycling)'
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Wang, Guanru, Dariusz Krzywda, Sergey Kondrashev, and Lubov Vorona-Slivinskaya. "Recycling and Upcycling in the Practice of Waste Management of Construction Giants." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020640.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of recycling and upcycling technologies on the level of efficiency of large construction companies in the context of waste management practice. The research methodology was based on regression analysis and factorial analysis of variance. Based on the assessment of waste management efficiency in the context of recycling (upcycling), the positive dynamics of the efficiency of its implementation was determined in comparison with traditional waste disposal. The levels of the relationship among net profit, investment in waste management, and recycling efficiency for the companies under study were determined. Regression analysis of the impact of recycling efficiency on the performance of the companies under study in the context of waste management demonstrated a positive effect of an increase in the efficiency of recycling (upcycling) on the net profit of all companies under study. However, at the same time, there was a different effect and degree of influence of this indicator according to the formed scenarios. Despite the high efficiency of recycling (upcycling), the prospective increase in its level does not have a proportional relationship with profit but depends on the development factors of the construction company. Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated a strong influence of the efficiency of recycling (upcycling) and waste disposal on waste management efficiency. It was proven that companies that currently have a high level of recycling (upcycling) efficiency are practically not focused on traditional waste disposal, since recycling has a more significant and positive impact on the effectiveness of their activities.
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Wang, Guanru, Dariusz Krzywda, Sergey Kondrashev, and Lubov Vorona-Slivinskaya. "Recycling and Upcycling in the Practice of Waste Management of Construction Giants." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020640.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of recycling and upcycling technologies on the level of efficiency of large construction companies in the context of waste management practice. The research methodology was based on regression analysis and factorial analysis of variance. Based on the assessment of waste management efficiency in the context of recycling (upcycling), the positive dynamics of the efficiency of its implementation was determined in comparison with traditional waste disposal. The levels of the relationship among net profit, investment in waste management, and recycling efficiency for the companies under study were determined. Regression analysis of the impact of recycling efficiency on the performance of the companies under study in the context of waste management demonstrated a positive effect of an increase in the efficiency of recycling (upcycling) on the net profit of all companies under study. However, at the same time, there was a different effect and degree of influence of this indicator according to the formed scenarios. Despite the high efficiency of recycling (upcycling), the prospective increase in its level does not have a proportional relationship with profit but depends on the development factors of the construction company. Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated a strong influence of the efficiency of recycling (upcycling) and waste disposal on waste management efficiency. It was proven that companies that currently have a high level of recycling (upcycling) efficiency are practically not focused on traditional waste disposal, since recycling has a more significant and positive impact on the effectiveness of their activities.
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Korley, LaShanda T. J., Thomas H. Epps, Brett A. Helms, and Anthony J. Ryan. "Toward polymer upcycling—adding value and tackling circularity." Science 373, no. 6550 (July 1, 2021): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg4503.
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Plastics have revolutionized modern life, but have created a global waste crisis driven by our reliance and demand for low-cost, disposable materials. New approaches are vital to address challenges related to plastics waste heterogeneity, along with the property reductions induced by mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling and upcycling of polymers may enable circularity through separation strategies, chemistries that promote closed-loop recycling inherent to macromolecular design, and transformative processes that shift the life-cycle landscape. Polymer upcycling schemes may enable lower-energy pathways and minimal environmental impacts compared with traditional mechanical and chemical recycling. The emergence of industrial adoption of recycling and upcycling approaches is encouraging, solidifying the critical role for these strategies in addressing the fate of plastics and driving advances in next-generation materials design.
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Stadler, Bernhard M., and Johannes G. de Vries. "Chemical upcycling ofpolymers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2209 (September 13, 2021): 20200341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0341.
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As the production volume of polymers increases, so does the amount of plastic waste. Plastic recycling is one of the concepts to address in this issue. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of plastic waste is recycled. Even with the development of polymers for closed loop recycling that can be in theory reprocessed infinitely the inherent dilemma is that because of collection, cleaning and separation processes the obtained materials simply are not cost competitive with virgin materials. Chemical upcycling, the conversion of polymers to higher valuable products, either polymeric or monomeric, could mitigate this issue. In the following article, we highlight recent examples in this young but fast-growing field. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 2)'.
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La Mantia, Francesco Paolo. "Polymer Mechanical Recycling: Downcycling or Upcycling?" Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 20, no. 1 (February 2004): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060402000102.
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Teo, Carol Boon-Chui. "Recycling Behaviour of Malaysian Urban Households and Upcycling Prospects." Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v1i1.14463.
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Households remain the main generator of municipal solid waste in Malaysia. Malaysians produce an average of 30,000 tons of waste per day and only 5 per cent of it is recycled. Malaysian urbanites throw away waste more than normal. The solid waste generated continues to be a costly affair with about two-thirds of the local councils’ total collected annual assessment fees being spent to manage waste. Yet at the same time, Malaysia’s waste recycling rate is way below the average levels. Hence the perennial question remains as to why Malaysian households are not recycling or recycling enough. This study investigates recycling behavior of urban households in a green city. Methodology utilized survey questionnaire approach to 100 households to determine residents’ willingness to participate in recycling activities. Results revealed proactive and reactive behaviors indicating two distinct recycling groups. Analysis generated factors of convenience of recycling facilities and services, environmental involvement recycling benefits and habitual recycling in the two groups. Willingness to recycle differed across the two groups. Recycling benefits and convenience to recycling facilities significantly influenced the behavior of proactive group while only habitual recycling was significant for the reactive group. Findings had implications on policy making and implementation of recycling programs. Upcycling prospects highlighted proactive roles of households to convert useless wastes into quality and marketable products to benefit the environment.
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Kim, Jeung Gon. "Chemical recycling of poly(bisphenol A carbonate)." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 30 (2020): 4830–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01927h.
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Wegener, Charlotte, and Marie Aakjær. "Upcycling – a new perspective on waste in social innovation." Journal of Comparative Social Work 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2016): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v11i2.143.
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The purpose of this paper is to introduce ‘upcycling’ – a well-known term within design practice – to the field of social innovation. A mix between ‘upgrading’ (adding value) and ‘recycling’ (reusing) creates the word upcycling, which, in its simplest terms, is the practice of reassessing waste and transforming it into something valuable. In this paper, we ask: How does an upcycle mind-set and practice contribute to situated social innovation?
This conceptual paper seeks to combine insights from the fields of social innovation and co-design with the ideas inherent in upcycling. To ground the theorizing of what we term ‘social upcycling’, four cases are used to illustrate what upcycling practices look like. The cases illustrate the diversity of actors, activities and materiality involved in social upcycling processes. Concluding, the paper outlines a new promising area of social innovation and some practical implications.
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García Guerrero, Jovheiry, Juvenal Rodríguez Reséndiz, Hugo Rodríguez Reséndiz, José Manuel Álvarez-Alvarado, and Omar Rodríguez Abreo. "Sustainable Glass Recycling Culture-Based on Semi-Automatic Glass Bottle Cutter Prototype." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 6405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116405.
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Humanity has developed recycling activities over time due to their benefits, the shortage of raw materials, or the footprint with regard to the environment. The absence of a recycling culture in Mexico has not allowed its development and growth despite the benefits. In 2012, Mexico only recycled less than 10% of urban solid waste. Most recycling activities are focused on plastic, paper, and cardboard products due to their prices in local markets. This article presents a semi-automated prototype focused on recycling glass bottles using the thermal shock phenomenon. It aims to develop a sustainable glass recycling culture by creating a new branch for the integral glass recycling process and a proposal base on Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) and the Quintuple Helix Model. It helps to reduce waste and resource recovery from recycling and upcycling glass bottles. The products obtained from upcycling fulfill new uses and acquire new value, while glass leftovers continue the integral recycling process for glass. Additionally, this paper demonstrates the relation between the ISWM and the Quintuple Helix Model and the opportunity to implement the twelfth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
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Rogkas, Nikolaos, Eustratios Tsolakis, Christos Kalligeros, Georgios Vasileiou, Christos Vakouftsis, Georgios Kaisarlis, Angelos P. Markopoulos, and Vasilios Spitas. "UPCYCLING OBSOLETE MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT INTO INNOVATIVE LABORATORY TEST RIGS: A LOW-COST SOLUTION OR A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN APPROACH?" Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 3309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.592.
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AbstractCircular Economy (CE) and the potential of reusing and recycling the products after the end of their life, becomes imperative for environmental, economic and social reasons. Especially during the 4th Industrial Revolution that is taking place nowadays, an increasing number of out-of-date equipment has to be replaced, which constitutes a chance and necessity to be reused, through recycling, redesigning and remanufacturing. The paper presents proof-of-concept studies regarding upcycling of obsolete and outdated equipment into novel test rigs mainly addressing research activities. Three such case studies are presented, namely the upcycling of an injection moulding machine into a modular test bench for power hydraulic components, the upcycling of scrap components into a hybrid hydraulic/ ICE powertrain rig and the functional augmentation of a gear roll tester to accommodate single and double flank tests. Significant savings in cost, raw materials and time are demonstrated in all cases and adherence to the CE objectives are observed.
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Paras, Manoj Kumar, and Antonela Curteza. "Revisiting upcycling phenomena: a concept in clothing industry." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-03-2017-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the literature and practice of upcycling. In particular, the objective of this study is threefold: to comprehend the concept of upcycling and, subsequently, understanding the prominent terminologies used in the literature; to understand the process of upcycling and problem associated with it; and to review current literature and practice of upcycling for clothes. Design/methodology/approach A scientific literature review procedure proposed by Mayring (2002) was adopted to select and screen the paper that comprises the following steps: material collection, descriptive analysis and material evaluation. Findings Upcycling literature has witnessed significant contribution in the past one decade. The paper has identified various terminologies and definitions such as recycling, down-cycling, upcycling and redesign, which are used in the literature. Research limitations/implications The present study may help the scholars to understand the current state of literature. A practitioner of upcycling can use the findings to improve and standardise the existing process. Originality/value The process of redesigning is one of the important steps in upcycling, which comprises ideation, reconstruction and fitting. The limitation of redesigning is variability in size and pattern. This can be overcome through various techniques such as craftsmanship, time, innovation, provenance, desire and narrative.
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Karuppalah, Chockkalingam, Natasa Vasiljevic, and Zheng Chen. "Circular Economy of Polymers - Electrochemical Recycling and Upcycling." Electrochemical Society Interface 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f08213f.
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K, Gajda, M. Baune, and J. Thöming. "Recycling Options for Steel Working Slag and Upcycling Perspectives." Procedia Manufacturing 8 (2017): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.02.082.
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Ellis, Lucas D., Nicholas A. Rorrer, Kevin P. Sullivan, Maike Otto, John E. McGeehan, Yuriy Román-Leshkov, Nick Wierckx, and Gregg T. Beckham. "Chemical and biological catalysis for plastics recycling and upcycling." Nature Catalysis 4, no. 7 (July 2021): 539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41929-021-00648-4.
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Rohsig Lopez, Nicole Sofia, and Jenny Faucheu. "EXPLORING LOCAL RECIRCULATION OF PAPER WASTE THROUGH UPCYCLING AND ARTISTIC RECYCLING." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.409.
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AbstractLocal recirculation of materials is a key aspect for a green transition, as it enables materials to be reused in new life cycles locally. In this article, we use the material “paper” as a case study to explore how this material recirculates at the local scales. This article aims at observing and evaluating upcycling scenarios as part of an expansion of local end-of-life possibilities compared to the current situation where paper end-of-life is reduced to a few recycling plants in France and abroad. This work relies on interviews and questionnaires that aim at understanding how paper is used and explored by artists to be recirculated in products. Indicators were tested to provide a methodology to compare different material circulation scenarios in terms of material use, environmental impact and value perception. Collaboration among multiple actors, artists, community centres, schools and industrial players is crucial for scaling up such recirculation loops.
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McCarthy, Minako. "Does an Upcycling Kimono Practice Support Recycle-Oriented Cultural Sustainability? Japanese College Students’ Perspectives." IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies 6, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijcs.6.1.03.
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Kimono (a traditional Japanese garment worn by women) has played an important role in Japanese indigenous cultural origins. Ecological and sustainable ideas have inherently existed in kimono culture within this lifestyle. Since the United Nations announced the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, the Japanese government has focused on creating healthy spaces with a sustainable direction in mind. However, textile-related product recycling rates were relatively low in Japan at the time. This empirical study used SDGs as a conceptual framework to examine Japanese college students’ perceptions of kimono upcycling practices and challenges. A mixed method was used to analyze the data. An open-ended questionnaire was distributed to college students in June 2019 in Liberal Arts at a national women’s university (n=155). The findings showed that interest in kimono upcycling moderately correlated to those and an interest in western garments upcycling (.578; p<.01). The relationship between these variables was significant (Chi-square: 48.471; p <.001). In the qualitative analysis, a coding method was used to explore common themes of students’ awareness and knowledge of upcycling kimono practices and found four strong themes to be present. The students perceived that upcycled kimono items connected to preserving family memories, whereas others noted upcycled items were used for sustainable resources. Also, three common challenges were found: practicality, technical issues, and people’s awareness. Some students also associated items with Japanese cultural preservation. College students’ attitudes and perceptions towards cultural sustainability engagement could therefore be a crucial mediator during sustainable development drives.
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Hee, Johann, Kai Schlögel, Simone Lechthaler, Jacqueline Plaster, Kristina Bitter, Lars Mathias Blank, and Peter Quicker. "Comparative Analysis of the Behaviour of Marine Litter in Thermochemical Waste Treatment Processes." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010013.
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Plastic in the ocean, especially plastic on the ocean surface is not only researched intensively but also photos and reports rise awareness of the challenge in the general public. While research is concerned with the fate of marine litter in the environment, recycling of these materials after collection is rarely addressed, mainly because there is neither considerable data on composition nor a suggested process to do so. This study is the first to analyse and evaluate chemical recycling (pyrolysis, gasification) and energy recovery (incineration) of marine litter. Two heterogenous marine litter samples from Sylt and Norderney, North Sea, Germany, were analysed, consisting of six different material groups. Agricultural mulch foil was used as reference material. The thermochemical treatment processes were reproduced by thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, pyrolysis trials on a semi-technical scale were conducted and the residues were analysed by proximate, ultimate and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results indicate that heterogeneous and weathered material mixtures can be treated by thermochemical processes. Finally, the pyrolysis condensates are discussed as substrate for biotechnological upcycling. In summary, we present a comprehensive approach from the material characterisation of marine litter to the analysis of three different thermochemical treatment processes and the possibility to use the generated pyrolysis condensate for subsequent upcycling. The data collected form the basis for the evaluation and application of possible treatment options for the collected marine litter.
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Ragaert, Kim, Sara Hubo, Laurens Delva, Lore Veelaert, and Els Du Bois. "Upcycling of contaminated post-industrial polypropylene waste: A design from recycling case study." Polymer Engineering & Science 58, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24764.
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Kreiger, M., G. C. Anzalone, M. L. Mulder, A. Glover, and J. M. Pearce. "Distributed Recycling of Post-Consumer Plastic Waste in Rural Areas." MRS Proceedings 1492 (2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.258.
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ABSTRACTAlthough the environmental benefits of recycling plastics are well established and most geographic locations within the U.S. offer some plastic recycling, recycling rates are often low. Low recycling rates are often observed in conventional centralized recycling plants due to the challenge of collection and transportation for high-volume low-weight polymers. The recycling rates decline further when low population density, rural and relatively isolated communities are investigated because of the distance to recycling centers makes recycling difficult and both economically and energetically inefficient. The recent development of a class of open source hardware tools (e.g. RecycleBots) able to convert post-consumer plastic waste to polymer filament for 3-D printing offer a means to increase recycling rates by enabling distributed recycling. In addition, to reducing the amount of plastic disposed of in landfills, distributed recycling may also provide low-income families a means to supplement their income with domestic production of small plastic goods. This study investigates the environmental impacts of polymer recycling. A life-cycle analysis (LCA) for centralized plastic recycling is compared to the implementation of distributed recycling in rural areas. Environmental impact of both recycling scenarios is quantified in terms of energy use per unit mass of recycled plastic. A sensitivity analysis is used to determine the environmental impacts of both systems as a function of distance to recycling centers. The results of this LCA study indicate that distributed recycling of HDPE for rural regions is energetically favorable to either using virgin resin or conventional recycling processes. This study indicates that the technical progress in solar photovoltaic devices, open-source 3-D printing and polymer filament extrusion have made distributed polymer recycling and upcycling technically viable.
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Descubes, Irena, Tom McNamara, and Tony Cragg. "Recycling waste and upcycling people: a new type of environmentally-motivated social enterprise strategy." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 32, no. 3 (2018): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2018.091761.
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Cragg, Tony, Tom McNamara, and Irena Descubes. "Recycling waste and upcycling people: a new type of environmentally-motivated social enterprise strategy." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 32, no. 3 (2018): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2018.10012778.
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Menu, Baptiste, Faucheu Jenny, Laforest Valérie, and Bassereau Jean-François. "From Product to Dust: Looking at the Ways to Regenerate Value in Product Life Cycle." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.339.
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AbstractThe shift from linear to circular patterns is on the way and rise many questions. In the last ten years, reuse and upcycling are gaining more attention. Since reduce and reuse were describe as a priority by the European Union, some leading projects are unveiled in different countries. Scale and quality of those projects push the reuse issue out of the shadow, far from original prejudices who associate waste and reuse to « poverty » and « Do It Yourself ». Although Reuse emerge as a prominent question, the idea and boundaries of « what is reuse » appears to be blur and not clearly understood. This situation lead to general incomprehension, even for professionals. Reuse, repurpose, upcycling and recycling are usually considered to wear the same meaning despite a huge difference on what it implies.In this paper we will examine these different notions through a pedagogical case study. We will draw the different ways to regenerate value at all steps of product life cycle in a precise manner. This allows to better insight the meaning of those issues in the case of student design education. In the same time, it aims to be a tool for teaching sustainable design and waste management.
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Costa, Fiammetta, Alessandra Amati, Manuela Antonelli, Giacomo Cocetta, Michele Di Mauro, Antonio Ferrante, Klaudia Krasojevic, et al. "Designing the Future: An Intelligent System for Zero-Mile Food Production by Upcycling Wastewater." Proceedings 2, no. 22 (November 21, 2018): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2221367.
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The project deals with the environmental problem of water consumption. The aim of this work is to experiment the recycling of dishwasher wastewater through its reuse in growing edible vegetables or ornamental plants; this can also accomplish the valorization of nutrients present in the wastewater. This new process allows to ensure washing functions coupled with vegetables production and to affect users’ environmental awareness and habits, following a user-centered system design approach to understand the users and involve them actively in the system development. The presented work is also aimed to experiment a multidisciplinary approach in order to face environmental problems.
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Hejna, Aleksander, Łukasz Zedler, Marta Przybysz-Romatowska, Javier Cañavate, Xavier Colom, and Krzysztof Formela. "Reclaimed Rubber/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends: Structure, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051204.
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The amount of elastomeric waste, especially from tires is constantly increasing on a global scale. The recycling of these residua should be considered a priority. Compounding the waste rubbers with other polymers can be an excellent alternative to reuse waste materials. This procedure requires solving the issue of the lack of compatibility between the waste rubber particles and other polymers. Simultaneously, there is a claim for introducing biodegradable plastics materials to reduce their environmental impact. In this work, reclaimed rubber/poly(ε-caprolactone) (RR/PCL) blends are proposed to enhance the recycling and upcycling possibilities of waste rubbers. The results show that the addition of PCL to the RR allows obtaining blends with improved mechanical properties, good thermal stability, and enhanced interfacial compatibility between the used components. Structure and properties of the proposed RR/PCL have been studied by means of static and dynamic mechanical testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)-FTIR analysis.
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Aumnate, Chuanchom, Natalie Rudolph, and Majid Sarmadi. "Recycling of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Blends: Effect of Chain Structure on the Crystallization Behaviors." Polymers 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091456.
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The combination of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) is frequently found in polymer waste streams. Because of their similar density, they cannot be easily separated from each other in the recycling stream. Blending of PP/ polyethylenes (PEs) in different ratios possibly eliminate the sorting process used in the regular recycling process. PP has fascinating properties such as excellent processability and chemical resistance. However, insufficient flexibility limits its use for specific applications. Blending of PP with relative flexible PEs might improve its flexibility. This is a unique approach for recycling or upcycling, which aims to maintain or improve the properties of recycled materials. The effects of the branched-chain structures of PEs on the crystallization behavior and the related mechanical properties of such blends were investigated. The overall kinetics of crystallization of PP was significantly influenced by the presence of PEs with different branched-chain structures. The presence of LDPE was found to decrease the overall crystallization rate while the addition of HDPE accelerated the crystallization process of the blends. No negative effect on the mechanical performance and the related crystallinity was observed within the studied parameter range.
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Schneiderbauer, Nadine. "On Zero Waste in Art and the Reproduction of Capitalism with 'Human Face'." Journal of Extreme Anthropology 1, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.4902.
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A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay engages with the increasingly popular trend of 'zero waste', one more and more shaping the art world itself. It argues that the devotion to ethical consumption, to recycling, and especially to upcycling and production of artworks for the consumption of the rich falls within the currently dominant ideology of capitalism with a human face. The author also discusses zero waste with the artist Lavinia Lanner.
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Harjani, Centaury. "Upcycle: As A New Preference in the Art of Climate Change." International Journal of Creative and Arts Studies 7, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/ijcas.v7i2.4651.
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The most common inspiration used in the art of climate change is global warming. Indeed, the greenhouse effect that leads to a global temperature rise is the cause of global warming. This effect occurs due to increasing levels of carbon released into the air. Upon this, an artist needs to reduce carbon emissions for the sake of a better environment. One of the effective ways is by using the principles of environmentally friendly (low-carbon emissions) artwork. The way that can be chosen is upcycling in the making of an artwork. Upcycled is the upgraded version of Recycling. Upcycle will help reduce carbon emissions by utilizing old goods as materials to create an artwork. Upcycle does not use new materials, and it uses the method of material processing with a short phase compared to recycling. The contemporary art of climate change raises many issues on global warming as its inspiration. Therefore, it should pay attention to the material used in the making of environmentally friendly artwork. This paper will discuss the upcycle as a preference to produce that artwork. Practice-based research methods and literature studies are used in this study. This research will also discuss creative strategies in upcycling deadstock to become part of climate change contemporary artwork. The preliminary result from this study is that the upcycle will be optimal when combined with the principle of zero-waste. Upcycle: Preferensi Baru dalam Seni Perubahan Iklim ABSTRAK Inspirasi yang paling banyak digunakan pada seni perubahan iklim adalah pemanasan global. Sesungguhnya, efek rumah kaca adalah penyebab utama adanya peningkatan suhu secara global sehingga terjadi pemanasan global. Efek ini terjadi disebabkan oleh peningkatan jumlah karbon yang dilepaskan ke udara. Karena itu, seniman perlu berpartisipasi mengurangi jumlah gas buang karbon demi lingkungan yang lebih baik. Satu cara efektif yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakan prinsip karya seni ramah lingkungan yang tingkat gas buang karbonnya rendah. Cara yang dapat dipilih adalah melakukan upcycle dalam pembuatan karya seni. Upcylce ini adalah peningkatan versi dari Recycle. Upcycle akan membantu mengurangi gas buang karbon dengan memanfaatkan barang-barang lama sebagai bahan baku pada proses pembuatan karya seni. Upcycle tidak menggunakan material baru dan memiliki proses pengolahan material yang lebih pendek jika dibandingkan dengan metode recycle. Seni kontemporer terkait perubahan iklim mengangkat banyak isu mengenai pemanasan global. Karena itu, seni ini perlu memperhatikan bahan baku yang digunakan untuk memperoleh karya seni yang ramah lingkungan. Makalah ini akan membahas upcycle sebagai preferensi untuk menghasilkan karya seni tersebut. Metode penelitian berbasis praktik dan studi literatur digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini juga akan membahas strategi kreatif dalam melakukan upcycling bahan baku deadstock karya seni kontemporer perubahan iklim. Kesimpulan awal dari penelitian ini, penggunaan upcycle akan lebih optimal jika dipadukan dengan prinsip zero-waste.
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Szabó, Veronika Anna, and Gábor Dogossy. "Investigation of Flame Retardant rPET Foam." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.14556.
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The use of plastics in the food and the packaging industries continuously is increasing. In these areas of use the product’s life cycle is short, therefore it quickly turns into waste. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - the material that is used as beverage containers - are the material with the greatest environmental load. The physical recycling of PET bottles in large quantities was the research goal. During the work with the help of chemical foaming a closed cell structural foam from PET bottle was produced. The research was carried out with upcycling using chain extender and impact modifier additives. For industrial use a bromine-based flame retardant was used and excellent flame retardancy was achieved. Based on the results obtained, the material previously managed as waste, with the appropriate treatment can be involved into the manufacturing of new products.
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Anurati Chaudhuri, Lina Chakraborty and Sankar Roy Maulik. "Recycling– an Approach towards Sustainability." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 16, 2020): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s28.
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Recycling and up-cycling are two popular buzz-words in today’s society and is a large component of the environmental movement to reduce ecological damage. Recycling refers to those products that are used till they are considered waste and then used again to make similar or different kinds of products. Textile recycling is the method of reusing or reprocessing of used fabrics, fibrous materials, natural renewable resources and clothing scraps. Recycled textiles are generally used in low quality end use thereby downgrading the standards of ultimate products. In India, clothing plays an important role in deciding one’s status since historic period. In today’s world, people wear branded clothes to show their fashion sense and financial position in the society. Fashion is considered to be one of the fastest brand industries on the planet and approximately 80 billion new pieces of clothing are being sold every year throughout the world, which is around 400% more than the production of 40 years ago. Fashion employ more than 300 million people worldwide and clothing production has doubled during the last fifteen year. In order to produce 1 kg of fabric 23 kg of green house gases are emitted. Textile industry generates more CO2 and half of the cloth present in the wardrobe may never been worn in a year. Fashion is now considered as the second most polluting industry and increasing middle classes in developing world for making their own fashion statement, the situation is getting worse. A huge amount of water, manpower, electricity is needed to produce raw materials and that same amount or more is used to produce the final products. As estimated, the total clothing sales will reach 175 million tons by 2050, which will turn the planet into biggest fashion victim. Thus this industry is facing challenges on sustainability. In this context, the aim of this paper is to show upcycling of textiles in the era of fast fashion. Most of the people is not familiar to the term up-cycling and have the misconception that up-cycled materials are made from second hand products and are not as good as branded clothes. This may be true to a certain extent but to preserve our mother earth it is very essential to think in this approach of recycling and/or up-cycling in the coming years. The objective is to create innovative designs from the activity of recycling. The products are made from used clothes, whereas dyeing and printing of apparels is done by using the waste materials of nature. Bark and dry flowers of trees is used for dyeing; whereas dry leaves are used for Botanical prints on old fabrics. Old sarees are used for making new apparel. The use of recycle materials will reduce the pressure on virgin resources; develop value added creative textiles, provide job opportunities among the surrounding communities, reduce the ecological damage and make people aware of using recycled textiles.
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Ahn, Yunjeong, and Jieun Lee. "Upcycling vs. Recycling: The Impact of Eco-Friendly Product Type, Self-Construal, Self-Expressive Cues on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions." Journal of Consumer Studies 31, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35736/jcs.31.3.6.
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Zhang, Xingyi, Xiaolong Shao, EunHa Jeong, and Eric Olson. "I am worth more than you think I am: Investigating the effects of upcycling on event attendees' recycling intention." International Journal of Hospitality Management 94 (April 2021): 102888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102888.
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SUNHILDE, CUC, and TRIPA SIMONA. "Redesign and upcycling – a solution for the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises in the clothing industry." Industria Textila 69, no. 01 (March 1, 2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.01.1417.
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The paper aims to open a new field of research applicable to small and medium enterprises in the clothing industry, namely, the focus on new product design by increasing the efficiency of fabric use and recycling and a value chain perspective that concentrates on downstream in the chain. The main objective of this paper is to present how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the clothing industry can achieve a competitive advantage by using a sustainable approach. This study provides useful solutions for understanding the product development processes for fashion to rethink, reuse or upcycle the waste in the production stage. We propose a better connection between different links of the value chain: design, production, marketing to create fashion items so when possible, this waste to be used to make new products and highlights the advantages of implementing this solution. Sustainable production can be a way of gaining a competitive advantage. This strategy can be successful by integrating the vertical value chain by strengthening the creative department, fashion design, and involvement in marketing and sales. In the clothing industry, the strategy of integrating design and retail can lead to a more flexible design process and, therefore, to an increased product performance.
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Berktas, Ilayda, Marjan Hezarkhani, Leila Haghighi Poudeh, and Burcu Saner Okan. "Recent developments in the synthesis of graphene and graphene-like structures from waste sources by recycling and upcycling technologies: a review." Graphene Technology 5, no. 3-4 (July 12, 2020): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41127-020-00033-1.
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Przepiórkowska, Sandra. "The Circular Economy approach in architecture – a study of 5 bottom-up cases." BUILDER 279, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4012.
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This research is specifically focused on outlining exemplary cases and providing specific data regarding the undertaken design methods and material solutions in order to support the Circular Economy approach in architecture. The study is intended to identify and explain whether the commenced by the private investors processes, methods and material solutions have potential to become standardised design methods in the future. All analysed buildings has been erected throughout years 2018-2020 in Denmark, where the CE is gaining growing attention. Within the five cases were used a variety of methods: material recycling, upcycling, design for disassembly, prefabrication, adaptation. The analysis shows that despite of the up-to-date theoretical background, architects unwillingly incorporate in design new technologies and advanced materials. The identified methods are a result of the actions undertaken by designers, including obtaining post-demolition materials or materials intended for disposal. Due to the complicated process of the material harvesting these solutions are not ready to be implemented in the design process, but they rather require a development of the detailed cooperation with the local authorities and the industry. The summaries provide an overview of the actions introduced to achieve the circularity of the built environment.
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Dericiler, Kuray, Hadi Mohammadjafari Sadeghi, Yavuz Emre Yagci, Hatice S. Sas, and Burcu Saner Okan. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Alignment Behavior of Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets in PA66 Matrix during Melt-Mixing and Injection." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060949.
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Homogeneous dispersion of graphene into thermoplastic polymer matrices during melt-mixing is still challenging due to its agglomeration and weak interfacial interactions with the selected polymer matrix. In this study, an ideal dispersion of graphene within the PA66 matrix was achieved under high shear rates by thermokinetic mixing. The flow direction of graphene was monitored by the developed numerical methodology with a combination of its rheological behaviors. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) produced from waste-tire by upcycling and recycling techniques having high oxygen surface functional groups were used to increase the compatibility with PA66 chains. This study revealed that GNP addition increased the crystallization temperature of nanocomposites since it acted as both a nucleating and reinforcing agent. Tensile strength and modulus of PA66 nanocomposites were improved at 30% and 42%, respectively, by the addition of 0.3 wt% GNP. Flexural strength and modulus were reached at 20% and 43%, respectively. In addition, the flow model, which simulates the injection molding process of PA66 resin with different GNP loadings considering the rheological behavior and alignment characteristics of GNP, served as a tool to describe the mechanical performance of these developed GNP based nanocomposites.
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Tang, Zhen, Zedong Qiu, Shuang Lu, and Xianming Shi. "Functionalized layered double hydroxide applied to heavy metal ions absorption: A review." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 800–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0065.
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AbstractThe use of functional material can help mitigate the pollution by heavy metals, which presents an array of risks to human production and life. This work provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on functionalized layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a heavy metal absorption material, by synthesizing the information from a total of 141 relevant publications published since 2005. LDH provides a potentially highly efficient method to adsorb heavy metal ions, which is simple to prepare and of low cost. The lack of functional groups and structural components of pristine LDH, however, limits the absorption capacity and widespread applications of LDH. Through intercalation, surface modification, or loading on substrates, functional groups or structural components are introduced into the pristine LDH to prepare functionalized LDH. In this process, the hydroxyl group and the valence state of [Mg(OH)6] octahedrons play a crucial role. Functionalized LDH can be endowed with selective absorption capacity and enhanced stability and recyclability. After adsorbing heavy metal ions, functionalized LDH can be readily separated from the liquid phase. These aspects are discussed, along with the structure and composition, shape and size, and synthesis methods and research tools of LDH. This work concludes with the discussion of preparation and utilization and a look to the future in terms of identified research needs regarding the preparation, use, and recycling (or upcycling) of economical and environmental-friendly LDH.
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Sørensen, Elin Brandi, and Anne-Mette Hjalager. "Conspicuous non-consumption in tourism: Non-innovation or the innovation of nothing?" Tourist Studies 20, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 222–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797619894463.
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Referring to current phenomena and consumer behaviour in tourism, this article develops the concept of conspicuous non-consumption. It addresses the deliberate avoidance of (over)spending during holidays and states that this behaviour may be just as conspicuous and provide social signals that are just as strong as those connected to the consumption of expensive luxury goods. The conceptual development is based on a combination of the two dichotomies of ‘consumption versus non-consumption’ and ‘conspicuous versus inconspicuous’, resulting in four conceptually distinctive categories of behaviour: conspicuous consumption, conspicuous non-consumption, inconspicuous non-consumption and conspicuous non-consumption. The latter, conspicuous non-consumption, is of special interest in this article, exemplified through personal vignettes. Explorative readings of travel blogs lead to the identification of five themes that characterize conspicuous non-consumption in tourism: ‘identity building’, ‘recycling, upcycling and repurposing’, ‘spiritualizing’, ‘retreating and detoxing’ and ‘slowing down’. Usually, tourism innovation policies are characterized by a ritual growth compulsion, and do not celebrate non-consumption, which is found to be synonymous with non-innovation. This is a paradox for the timely modernizing of tourist services and destinations. Increasingly, there is a need to reorient innovation and to give consideration to how the innovation of ‘nothing’ can also undergo a distinctive progression and even contribute positively to tourism economies. This article highlights the entry points for innovation at the tourism business and destination levels.
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Takis takis is a London-b. "‘The apotheosis of man, the forgotten peacock’." Scene 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/scene.2.1-2.169_1.
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The interdisciplinary practice-based research project, ‘The apotheosis of man, the forgotten peacock; from deconstruction to reconstruction to re-proposal of the male suit’, through a series of workshops and an interactive performance installation, aims to challenge the persisting conventional tradition of designing and wearing the male suit, proposing alternative perspectives by researcher – performance designer. The investigation focuses on the tools and means of processing the male suit in practice. It explores how to overcome conventions, generate artistic ideas, and how to apply this to something wearable. This visual essay demonstrates how the outcomes of three workshops fed on the creation of the experimental research driven suits. In all the workshops the participants were set the task to create a series of male garments by questioning and reinterpreting the notion of the masculinity and by using concepts and methods representative of deconstruction. Every participant designed and made a male garment by recycling a male suit jacket. The first presented workshop took place in May 2007, at the University of the Arts Bucharest, Romania and the participants were the second-year fashion design students. The second took place in September 2013 at the ‘World Stage Design Exhibition’, as part of the ‘Costume in Action series – Upcycling Costume: DeReconstructing Masculinity’. The participants were a mixture of student and professional international performance designers. The final two pages demonstrate the Plus Series suits, based on the addition of design elements to the suit.
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Pusung, Piet, Felly Warouw, and Shirly Lumeno. "Mapping of Waste Bank Management Area in Manado City." Journal of Sustainable Engineering: Proceedings Series 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35793/joseps.v1i1.6.
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The problem of waste is very worrying because it has a direct impact on humans, especially the inclusion of plastic elements in the human body through fish and food exposed to microplastic. One way to overcome the problem of waste is to reduce waste from its source by sorting methods from the source and managed further through the process of recycling or upcycling into new products. Reducing waste from its source by sorting and then saving it in a Waste Bank is one promising breakthrough and can encourage people to actively participate in environmental management. The purpose of this study was to obtain a mapping model of the waste management service area in the city of Manado as needed. The research data was obtained through research on smash applications for waste banks supporting field research through observation and interviews. Data was analyzed by mapping the position of waste banks in the city of Manado. Furthermore, comparing the three garbage banks in Manado city to find a pattern of waste bank management with various indicators. The results of the study indicate that the current mapping of the position of waste banks in Manado consists of the center, the suburbs and outside the city. Furthermore, the results of the comparison of the three garbage banks conclude that the most effective waste bank is a waste bank in a residential area. An effective waste bank is one of the strategies for implementing 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) in waste management at its source at the community level. The implementation of the waste bank in principle is a social engineering to invite the public to sort out waste for environmental sustainability and public welfare.
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Jivkov, Vassil, Ralitsa Simeonova, Petar Antov, Assia Marinova, Boryana Petrova, and Lubos Kristak. "Structural Application of Lightweight Panels Made of Waste Cardboard and Beech Veneer." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175064.
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In recent years, the furniture design trends include ensuring ergonomic standards, development of new environmentally friendly materials, optimised use of natural resources, and sustainably increased conversion of waste into value-added products. The circular economy principles require the reuse, recycling or upcycling of materials. The potential of reusing waste corrugated cardboard to produce new lightweight boards suitable for furniture and interior applications was investigated in this work. Two types of multi-layered panels were manufactured in the laboratory from corrugated cardboard and beech veneer, bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Seven types of end corner joints of the created lightweight furniture panels and three conventional honeycomb panels were tested. Bending moments and stiffness coefficients in the compression test were evaluated. The bending strength values of the joints made of waste cardboard and beech veneer exhibited the required strength for application in furniture constructions or as interior elements. The joints made of multi-layer panels with a thickness of 51 mm, joined by dowels, demonstrated the highest bending strength and stiffness values (33.22 N∙m). The joints made of 21 mm thick multi-layer panels and connected with Confirmat had satisfactory bending strength values (10.53 N∙m) and Minifix had the lowest strength values (6.15 N∙m). The highest stiffness values (327 N∙m/rad) were determined for the 50 mm thick cardboard honeycomb panels connected by plastic corner connector and special screw Varianta, and the lowest values for the joints made of 21 mm thick multi-layer panels connected by Confirmat (40 N∙m/rad) and Minifix (43 N∙m/rad), respectively. The application of waste corrugated cardboard as a structural material for furniture and interiors can be improved by further investigations.
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Hasret, Feride, and Saliha Ağaç. "A sustainable design example: Evaluation of pantyhose with bricolage and deconstruction method." Global Journal of Arts Education 11, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v11i1.5726.
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Calisma kapsaminda kadinlarin en cok tukettikleri, ince ve esnek yapisindan kullanim omru az olan kulotlu corap surdurulebilirlik baglamında degerlendirmeye alinmistir. Cikis noktasini kulotlu corabin komur ve petrolden cikan kimyasallarin birlestirilmesiyle elde edilen naylon malzeme icerigiyle biyolojik olarak parcalanamamasi ve dogada yok olma suresinin uzun olmasi bakimindan dogaya verdigi zarari azaltmaya yonelik atik coraplarin deneysel uygulamalarla geri kazandirilmasi olusturmaktadir. Bu baglamda kulotlu corap ileri donusum kavrami altinda ele alinarak brikoloj ve dekonstruksiyon yontemleriyle 8 deneysel tasarım gerceklestirilmistir. Deneysel tasarim sureci sonunda; corabın dikim islemlerine uygun oldugu, deforme olusturmadigi, esnek yapisina ragmen giysi turlerinin uretiminde kullanildiginda formumun bozulmadigi gorulmustur. Geleneksel susleme teknikleri (tepme kece, kordon tutturma, enkuruste, pachwork) uygulamalari esnasinda hasar almadigi, kullanılabilirligi acisindan yuksek sonuclar verdigi, fantezi giyim turlerinde alternatif malzeme olarak kullanılabilecegi, dar gelen giysilerin genisletilmesi isleminde kullanilabilecegi, her bir parcasinin degerlendirilerek yaratici tasarimlar gelistirilebilecegi gorulmustur. Calismada atik durumundaki kulotlu corabın giyim ve moda alaninda etkin, islevsel, estetik acidan deger kazandirilmasi ve tekrardan kullanima dahil edilmesi amaclanmistır. Atik miktarini azaltarak surdurulebilirlige saglayacagi katki, uygulamalar sonucunda var olan malzemelerin yerine kullanilmasiyla alternatif malzeme olmasi ve bireylerin yaraticiliklarini gelistirmesi acisindan onemli bulunmaktadir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Atik, Kulotlu Corap, Brikolaj, Dekonstruksiyon, Surdurulebilir Moda.
Abstract
The developments in technology, industry and economy during the 21st century have affected all sectors, as well as the fashion industry. The effects of those developments have been seen as fast fashion and fast consumption which caused the fashion industry to be ranked as second among the industries seriously damaging the environment. Within the scope of sustainable fashion, the concepts of recycling and upcycling have come up with reducing environmental damage, pollution prevention and liveable environment. Within the scope of this study, pantyhose, which is used mostly by women and has a low usage due to its thin and flexible structure, was evaluated in the context of sustainability. The starting point is the recovery of waste socks for reducing environmental damage by experimental implementations in terms of the biodegradability of the pantyhose with the content of nylon material derived by combining coal and chemicals from oil and the long period of extinction in nature. Therefore, examining pantyhose with the concept of upcycling, eight experimental designs were made with bricolage and deconstruction methods. At the end of the experimental design process, it has been observed that the socks were suitable for the sewing process, were not deformed and were not misshaped, despite their flexible structure when used in the production of clothing types. It has been observed that pantyhose is not misshaped during the implementations of traditional decoration techniques (compressed felt, cord fastening, encrusted applique and patchwork); it showed great results for usability; it can be used as an alternative material in fancy clothing, for widening narrow clothes and to make creative designs using each part. In this study, it was aimed to reuse the wasted pantyhose and to add effective, functional, aesthetic value to pantyhose in the clothing and fashion industry. The pantyhose is important for its contribution to sustainability by reducing the amount of waste, as a result of implementations being used as an alternative to other materials and being suitable for improving the creativity of individuals.
Keywords: Waste, pantyhose, bricolage, deconstruction, sustainable fashion.
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Kosloski-Oh, Sophia C., Zachary A. Wood, Yvonne Manjarrez, Juan Pablo de los Rios, and Megan E. Fieser. "Catalytic methods for chemical recycling or upcycling of commercial polymers." Materials Horizons, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh01286f.
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Chen, Hui-Jun, Qi-Yao Bai, Mei-Chen Liu, Gang Wu, and Yu-Zhong Wang. "Ultrafast, cost-effective and scaled-up recycling of aramid products into aramid nanofibers: mechanism, upcycling, closed-loop recycling." Green Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc01805a.
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A highly feasible, highly efficient and low-cost recycling strategy for aramid products into aramid nanofibers has been presented. The construction of aramid nanofiber aerogels and their closed-loop recycling were realized.
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Dai, Ruobin, Hongyi Han, Tianlin Wang, Jiayi Li, Chuyang Tang, and Zhiwei Wang. "Fouling is the beginning: Upcycling biopolymer-fouled substrates for fabricating high-Permeance thin-film composite polyamide membranes." Green Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc03340e.
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The recycling of end-of-life water purification membranes is of great significance for environmental sustainability. However, only techniques for downcycling end-of-life high-pressure membranes are available. Here, we propose to upcycle fouled...
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Vergunova, Natalia. "Sustainable design. Design approaches and directions of development." Collection of scientific works “Notes on Art Criticism”, no. 38 (December 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32461/2226-2180.38.2020.222068.
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The purpose of the article covers the question of «Sustainable design», its design approaches, and possible directions of development. The results can be used to clarify the theoretical basis of environmentally conscious design and improve the corresponding algorithms in the design process. The methodology centers on applying f historical-comparative and chronological methods, as well as the method of terminological analysis, which helped to identify and consider terminological interpretations of recycling and upcycling as design approaches, and other terms related to the concept of environmentally conscious design. The scientific novelty of the study is to broaden the understanding of complex consideration of design at the present stage in the context of theoretical and methodological concepts with an environmental component, in particular with environmentally conscious design. Conclusions. The concept of «Sustainable design», covered in this article, as an environmentally conscious design, has a sufficient theoretical study. The practical significance can be represented in the form of two main design approaches, operating with the secondary use («re-use») of both raw materials (recycling) and the product itself (upcycling) in order to create a new consumer object. Possible directions for the development of Sustainable design cover professional communities of designers, associations of companies and organizations, state programs, but the most relevant are environmentally-oriented, educational programs for the training of qualified people in the field of design. These specialists will operate with optimal approaches for the development of facilities with environmental value, as well as improve them, identifying the most appropriate design solutions. The design results of these specialists will also contribute to the formation of public awareness regarding the «culture of behavior» with household waste and the rational use of resources.
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Chen, Huan, Kun Wan, Yayun Zhang, and Yanqin Wang. "Waste to Wealth: Chemical Recycling and Chemical Upcycling of Waste Plastics for a Great Future." ChemSusChem, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202100652.
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Ki, Dongwon, Shin Young Kang, and Kwang-Min Park. "Upcycling of Wastewater Sludge Incineration Ash as a 3D Printing Technology Resource." Frontiers in Sustainability 2 (July 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2021.697265.
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Recycling of usable resources from waste must be prioritized to adhere to the circular economy policy implemented worldwide. This study aims to use wastewater sludge incineration ash (WSIA), which is a by-product of wastewater sludge treatment processes, in the 3D printing industry as a sustainable material. First, we explored the stability of incinerated ash generated from a wastewater treatment facility in Seoul by evaluating its physical (water content, organic matter content, and particle size) and chemical (oxide compound composition) characteristics. Composition ratios of the predominant oxides of silicon (SiO2), aluminum (Al2O3), phosphorous (P2O5), iron (Fe2O3), and calcium (CaO) were stable for 6 months. This finding indicates the potential for the incinerated ash to be commercially viable as a powder-bed 3D printed geopolymer. We then examined the optimal ratio of admixtures between the incinerated ash and ultrarapid hardening cement and the following post-treatment process method as a curing stage. The composite material made with 25% WSIA exhibited stability during the curing stage using alkaline solutions, and its compressive strength and water absorption were in accordance with the values recommended by the Korean Standard for decorative concrete blocks (KS F 4038). Additionally, a geopolymer prototype with 25% incinerated ash was produced. To support efficient upcycling of WSIA, long-term environmental and functional monitoring of the final product, effects of incinerated ash particle sizes, and post-treatment process times were further investigated to reduce costs.
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Petsiuk, Aliaksei, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Open Source Filament Diameter Sensor for Recycling, Winding, and Additive Manufacturing Machines." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 143, no. 10 (May 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4050762.
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Abstract To overcome the challenge of upcycling plastic waste into three-dimensional (3D) printing filament in the distributed recycling and additive manufacturing systems, this study designs, builds, tests, and validates an open-source filament diameter sensor for recycling and winding machines. The modular system for multi-axis optical control of the diameter of the recycled 3D-printer filament makes it possible to scan part of the surface of the processed filament, save the history of measurements along the entire length of the spool, as well as mark defective areas. The sensor is developed as an independent module and integrated into a recyclebot. It was tested on different kinds of polymers (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactide (PLA)), different sources of plastic, and different colors including clear plastic. The results were compared with the manual measurements, and the measurements obtained with a one-dimensional digital light caliper. The results found that the developed open-source filament sensing method allows users to obtain significantly more information in comparison with basic one-dimensional light sensors and using the received data not only for more accurate diameter measurements but also for a detailed analysis of the recycled filament surface. This could help to expand the use of plastic recycling technologies in the manufacturing community. The availability of tools for possible texture analysis could also stimulate the growth of composite materials creation. The presented system can greatly enhance the user possibilities and serve as a starting point for a complete recycling control system that will regulate motor parameters to achieve the desired filament diameter with acceptable deviations and even control the extrusion rate on a printer to recover from filament irregularities.
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Ballerstedt, Hendrik, Till Tiso, Nick Wierckx, Ren Wei, Luc Averous, Uwe Bornscheuer, Kevin O’Connor, et al. "MIXed plastics biodegradation and UPcycling using microbial communities: EU Horizon 2020 project MIX-UP started January 2020." Environmental Sciences Europe 33, no. 1 (August 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00536-5.
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AbstractThis article introduces the EU Horizon 2020 research project MIX-UP, "Mixed plastics biodegradation and upcycling using microbial communities". The project focuses on changing the traditional linear value chain of plastics to a sustainable, biodegradable based one. Plastic mixtures contain five of the top six fossil-based recalcitrant plastics [polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PUR), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS)], along with upcoming bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and polylactate (PLA) will be used as feedstock for microbial transformations. Consecutive controlled enzymatic and microbial degradation of mechanically pre-treated plastics wastes combined with subsequent microbial conversion to polymers and value-added chemicals by mixed cultures. Known plastic-degrading enzymes will be optimised by integrated protein engineering to achieve high specific binding capacities, stability, and catalytic efficacy towards a broad spectrum of plastic polymers under high salt and temperature conditions. Another focus lies in the search and isolation of novel enzymes active on recalcitrant polymers. MIX-UP will formulate enzyme cocktails tailored to specific waste streams and strives to enhance enzyme production significantly. In vivo and in vitro application of these cocktails enable stable, self-sustaining microbiomes to convert the released plastic monomers selectively into value-added products, key building blocks, and biomass. Any remaining material recalcitrant to the enzymatic activities will be recirculated into the process by physicochemical treatment. The Chinese–European MIX-UP consortium is multidisciplinary and industry-participating to address the market need for novel sustainable routes to valorise plastic waste streams. The project's new workflow realises a circular (bio)plastic economy and adds value to present poorly recycled plastic wastes where mechanical and chemical plastic recycling show limits.
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Dissanayake, Lakshika, and Lahiru N. Jayakody. "Engineering Microbes to Bio-Upcycle Polyethylene Terephthalate." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9 (May 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.656465.
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is globally the largest produced aromatic polyester with an annual production exceeding 50 million metric tons. PET can be mechanically and chemically recycled; however, the extra costs in chemical recycling are not justified when converting PET back to the original polymer, which leads to less than 30% of PET produced annually to be recycled. Hence, waste PET massively contributes to plastic pollution and damaging the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The global energy and environmental concerns with PET highlight a clear need for technologies in PET “upcycling,” the creation of higher-value products from reclaimed PET. Several microbes that degrade PET and corresponding PET hydrolase enzymes have been successfully identified. The characterization and engineering of these enzymes to selectively depolymerize PET into original monomers such as terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol have been successful. Synthetic microbiology and metabolic engineering approaches enable the development of efficient microbial cell factories to convert PET-derived monomers into value-added products. In this mini-review, we present the recent progress of engineering microbes to produce higher-value chemical building blocks from waste PET using a wholly biological and a hybrid chemocatalytic–biological strategy. We also highlight the potent metabolic pathways to bio-upcycle PET into high-value biotransformed molecules. The new synthetic microbes will help establish the circular materials economy, alleviate the adverse energy and environmental impacts of PET, and provide market incentives for PET reclamation.