Relevant bibliographies by topics / Recycled fibers (RCF)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Recycled fibers (RCF)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 21 September 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Recycled fibers (RCF)"

1

Manis, Frank, Georg Stegschuster, Jakob Wölling, and Stefan Schlichter. "Influences on Textile and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Carbon Fiber Nonwovens Produced by Carding." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5080209.

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Nonwovens made of recycled carbon fibers (rCF) and thermoplastic (TP) fibers have excellent economic and ecological potential. In contrast to new fibers, recycled carbon fibers are significantly cheaper, and the CO2 footprint is mostly compensated by energy savings in the first product life cycle. The next step for this promising material is its industrial serial use. Therefore, we analyzed the process chain from fiber to composite material. Initially, the rCF length at different positions during the carding process was measured. Thereafter, we evaluated the influence of the TP fibers on the processing, fiber shortening, and mechanical properties. Finally, several nonwovens with different TP fibers and fiber volume contents between 15 vol% and 30 vol% were produced, consolidated by hot-pressing, and tested by four-point bending to determine the mechanical values. The fiber length reduction ranged from 20.6% to 28.4%. TP fibers cushioned the rCF against mechanical stress but held rCF fragments back due to their crimp. The resulting bending strength varied from 301 to 405 MPa, and the stiffness ranged from 16.3 to 30.1 GPa. Design recommendations for reduced fiber shortening are derived as well as material mixtures that offer better homogeneity and higher mechanical properties.
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Jamshaid, Hafsa, Rajesh Mishra, Muhammad Zeeshan, Bilal Zahid, Sikandar Abbas Basra, Martin Tichy, and Miroslav Muller. "Mechanical Performance of Knitted Hollow Composites from Recycled Cotton and Glass Fibers for Packaging Applications." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142381.

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This research deals with the development of knitted hollow composites from recycled cotton fibers (RCF) and glass fibers (GF). These knitted hollow composites can be used for packaging of heavy weight products and components in aircrafts, marine crafts, automobiles, civil infrastructure, etc. They can also be used in medical prosthesis or in sports equipment. Glass fiber-based hollow composites can be used as an alternative to steel or wooden construction materials for interior applications. Developed composite samples were subjected to hardness, compression, flexural, and impact testing. Recycled cotton fiber, which is a waste material from industrial processes, was chosen as an ecofriendly alternative to cardboard-based packaging material. The desired mechanical performance of knitted hollow composites was achieved by changing the tube diameter and/or thickness. Glass fiber-reinforced knitted hollow composites were compared with RC fiber composites. They exhibited substantially higher compression strength as compared to cotton fiber-reinforced composites based on the fiber tensile strength. However, RC fiber-reinforced hollow composites showed higher compression modulus as compared to glass fiber-based composites due to much lower deformation during compression loading. Compression strength of both RCF- and GF-reinforced hollow composites decreases with increasing tube diameter. The RCF-based hollow composites were further compared with double-layered cardboard packaging material of similar thickness. It was observed that cotton-fiber-reinforced composites show higher compression strength, as well as compression modulus, as compared to the cardboard material of similar thickness. No brittle failure was observed during the flexural test, and samples with smaller tube diameter exhibited higher stiffness. The flexural properties of glass fiber-reinforced composites were compared with RCF composites. It was observed that GF composites exhibit superior flexural properties as compared to the cotton fiber-based samples. Flexural strength of RC fiber-reinforced hollow composites was also compared to that of cardboard packaging material. The composites from recycled cotton fibers showed substantially higher flexural stiffness as compared to double-layered cardboard material. Impact energy absorption was measured for GF and RCF composites, as well as cardboard material. All GF-reinforced composites exhibited higher absorption of impact energy as compared to RCF-based samples. Significant increase in absorption of impact energy was achieved by the specimens with higher tube thickness in the case of both types of reinforcing fibers. By comparing the impact performance of cotton fiber-based composites with cardboard packaging material, it was observed that the RC fiber-based hollow composites absorb much higher impact energy as compared to the cardboard-based packaging material. The current paper summarizes a comparative analysis of mechanical performance in the case of glass fiber-reinforced hollow composites vis-à-vis recycled cotton fiber-reinforced hollow composites. The use of recycled fibers is a positive step in the direction of ecofriendly materials and waste utilization. Their performance is compared with commercial packaging material for a possible replacement and reducing burden on the environment.
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3

Schneller, Anna, Wolfgang M. Mueller, Ramona Roessle, and Siegfried R. Horn. "Surface Modification of Recycled Carbon Fibers by Use of Plasma Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.576.

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In this study, sized and thermally desized virgin carbon fibers (vCF) as well as recycled carbon fibers (rCF) from a thermal recycling process are plasma treated by a plasma-jet. The effect of two different process gases (nitrogen and dinitrogen monoxide) and the influence of the distance between the plasma source and the fiber surface are studied with the aim of increasing the oxygen and nitrogen concentration on the rCF surfaces. Higher surface coverage of oxygen-and nitrogen-containing functional groups is supposed to lead to a better adhesion between the carbon fiber and the epoxy resin matrix. The elemental compositions and functional groups of the treated carbon fiber surfaces are studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of plasma treatment on the fiber properties like tensile strength, tensile modulus and surface roughness is investigated.
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Reichert, Olaf, Larisa Ausheyks, Stephan Baz, Joerg Hehl, and Götz T. Gresser. "Innovative rC Staple Fiber Tapes - New Potentials for CF Recyclates in CFRP through Highly Oriented Carbon Staple Fiber Structures." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.509.

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Increasing waste streams of carbon fibers (CF) and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) lead to increasing need for recycling and to growing amounts of recycled carbon fibers. A main issue in current research for carbon fiber recycling is the reuse of regained fibers. Carbon staple fibers such as recycled fibers hold big potential for mechanical properties of lightweight parts, if used properly. Applying recycled CF (rCF) as milled reinforcement fibers or as nonwoven in carbon fiber reinforced plastic leads to a poor yield of mechanical proper due to low fiber orientation, limitations in fiber volume content or due to short fiber length. The rC staple fiber tape presents a more efficient approach. Recycled carbon fibers are blended with 50 wt. % thermoplastic nylon 6 fibers and processed through a roller card to a sliver, which is a linear fibrous intermediate. The sliver is continuously drawn, formed, heated and consolidated to the thermoplastic rC staple fiber tape. The tape is similar to common carbon fiber tapes or to continuous tows but has different positive properties, such as high fiber orientation, homogeneous blend of fiber and matrix and suitability for deep drawing.
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5

Wilson, Peter, Alon Ratner, Gary Stocker, Frank Syred, Kerry Kirwan, and Stuart Coles. "Interlayer Hybridization of Virgin Carbon, Recycled Carbon and Natural Fiber Laminates." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 4955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214955.

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To meet sustainability objectives in the transport sector, natural fiber (NF) and recycled carbon fiber (RCF) have been developed, although they have been typically limited to low to medium performance components. This work has considered the effect of interlayer hybridization of woven NF and non-woven RCF with woven virgin carbon fibers (VCF) on the mechanical and damping performance of hybrid laminates, produced using double bag vacuum infusion (DBVI). The mean damping ratio of the pure laminates showed a trend of NF>RCF>VCF, which was inversely proportional to their modulus. The tensile, flexural and damping properties of hybrid laminates were dominated by the outermost ply. The VCF-RCF and VCF-NF hybrid laminates showed a comparatively greater mean damping ratio. The results of this work demonstrate a method for the uptake of alternative materials with a minimal impact on the mechanical properties and improved damping performance.
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Vaidya, Uday, Mark Janney, Keith Graham, Hicham Ghossein, and Merlin Theodore. "Mechanical Response and Processability of Wet-Laid Recycled Carbon Fiber PE, PA66 and PET Thermoplastic Composites." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6070198.

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The interest in recycled carbon fiber (rCF) is growing rapidly and the supply chain for these materials is gradually being established. However, the processing routes, material intermediates and properties of rCF composites are less understood for designers to adopt them into practice. This paper provides a practical pathway for rCFs in conjunction with low cost and, for the most part, commodity thermoplastic resins, namely polyethylene (PE), polyamide 66 (PA66) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Industrially relevant wet-laid (WL) process routes have been adopted to produce mats using two variants of WL mats, namely (a) high speed wet-laid inclined wire to produce broad good ‘roll’ forms and (b) 3DEPTM process patented by Materials Innovation Technologies (MIT)-recycled carbon fiber (RCF), now Carbon Conversions, which involves mixing fibers and water and depositing the fibers on a water-immersed mold. These are referred to as ‘sheet’ forms. The produced mats were evaluated for their processing into composites as ‘fully consolidated mats’ and ‘non-consolidated’ as-produced mats. Comprehensive mechanical data in terms of tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact toughness for rCF C/PE, C/PA66 and C/PET are presented. The work is of high value to sustainable composite designers and modelers.
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Montava-Jordà, Sergi, Sergio Torres-Giner, Santiago Ferrandiz-Bou, Luis Quiles-Carrillo, and Nestor Montanes. "Development of Sustainable and Cost-Competitive Injection-Molded Pieces of Partially Bio-Based Polyethylene Terephthalate through the Valorization of Cotton Textile Waste." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061378.

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This study presents the valorization of cotton waste from the textile industry for the development of sustainable and cost-competitive biopolymer composites. The as-received linter of recycled cotton was first chopped to obtain short fibers, called recycled cotton fibers (RCFs), which were thereafter melt-compounded in a twin-screw extruder with partially bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) and shaped into pieces by injection molding. It was observed that the incorporation of RCF, in the 1–10 wt% range, successfully increased rigidity and hardness of bio-PET. However, particularly at the highest fiber contents, the ductility and toughness of the pieces were considerably impaired due to the poor interfacial adhesion of the fibers to the biopolyester matrix. Interestingly, RCF acted as an effective nucleating agent for the bio-PET crystallization and it also increased thermal resistance. In addition, the overall dimensional stability of the pieces was improved as a function of the fiber loading. Therefore, bio-PET pieces containing 3–5 wt% RCF presented very balanced properties in terms of mechanical strength, toughness, and thermal resistance. The resultant biopolymer composite pieces can be of interest in rigid food packaging and related applications, contributing positively to the optimization of the integrated biorefinery system design and also to the valorization of textile wastes.
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8

Kim, Kwan-Woo, Dong-Kyu Kim, Woong Han, and Byung-Joo Kim. "Comparison of the Characteristics of Recycled Carbon Fibers/Polymer Composites by Different Recycling Techniques." Molecules 27, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 5663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175663.

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In this study, three recycling methods, namely, mechanical grinding, steam pyrolysis, and the supercritical solvent process, which are used to acquire recycled carbon fibers (RCFs), were compared for their application in synthesizing polymer-matrix composites. RCF-reinforced polyethylene (PE) composites were prepared to compare the mechanical properties of the composites generated using the three recycling methods. The PE/RCF composites exhibited 1.5 times higher mechanical strength than the RCF-reinforced PE composites, probably because of the surface oxidation effects during the recycling processes that consequently enhanced interfacial forces between the RCF and the matrix. Further, the steam pyrolysis process showed the highest energy efficiency and can thus be applied on a large production scale in domestic recycled CF markets.
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Novotná, Jana, Martin Kormunda, Jakub Perner, and Blanka Tomková. "Comparison of the Influence of Two Types of Plasma Treatment of Short Carbon Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites Filled with These Treated Fibers." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 6290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186290.

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The interfacial interface between fibers and matrix plays a key role for epoxy matrix composites and short recycled randomly arranged fibers. This study used short recycled carbon fiber (RCF) as a filler. Plasma treatment was used for carbon fiber surface treatment. This treatment was performed using radio (RF) and microwave (MW) frequencies at the same pressure and atmosphere. Appropriate chemical modification of the fiber surfaces helps to improve the wettability of the carbon fibers and, at the same time, allows the necessary covalent bonds to form between fibers and the epoxy matrix. The effect of the plasma treatment was analyzed and confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and wettability measurements. Composite samples filled with recycled carbon fibers with low concentrations (1 wt%, 2.5 wt% and 5 wt%) and high concentrations (20 wt% and 30 wt%) were made from selected treated fibers. The mechanical properties (impact toughness, 3PB) were analyzed on these samples. It was found that the modulus of elasticity and bending stress increase with the increasing content of recycled carbon fibers. A more significant change in impact strength occurred in samples with low concentration.
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10

Omar, Nur’ain Wahidah Ya, Norshah Aizat Shuaib, Mohd Haidiezul Jamal Ab Hadi, Azwan Iskandar Azmi, and Muhamad Nur Misbah. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Recycled-Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polylactide Fused Deposition Modelling Filament." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010190.

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Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic materials have attracted several applications, including the fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. As a cheaper and more environmentally friendly alternative to its virgin counterpart, the use of milled recycled carbon fiber (rCF) has received much attention. The quality of the feed filament is important to avoid filament breakage and clogged nozzles during the FDM printing process. However, information about the effect of material parameters on the mechanical and physical properties of short rCF-reinforced FDM filament is still limited. This paper presents the effect of fiber loading (10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%) and fiber size (63 µm, 75 µm, and 150 µm) on the filament’s tensile properties, surface roughness, microstructure, porosity level, density, and water absorptivity. The results show that the addition of 63 µm fibers at 10 wt% loading can enhance filament tensile properties with minimal surface roughness and porosity level. The addition of rCF increased the density and reduced the material’s water intake. This study also indicates a clear trade-off between the optimized properties. Hence, it is recommended that the optimization of rCF should consider the final application of the product. The findings of this study provide a new manufacturing strategy in utilizing milled rCF in potential 3D printing-based applications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Recycled fibers (RCF)"

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Hengstermann, M., M. M. B. Hasan, A. Abdkader, and Ch Cherif. "Development of new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibers (rCF) for high performance composites: Part-II: Influence of yarn parameters on tensile properties of composites." Sage, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35532.

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This article reports the successful manufacturing of hybrid yarns from virgin staple CF (40 or 60 mm) or recycled staple CF (rCF) by mixing with polyamide 6 (PA 6) fibers of defined length. The hybrid yarns are produced using an optimized process route of carding, drawing, and flyer machine. Furthermore, the influence of CF length, CF type (i.e. virgin or rCF), CF volume content, and twist of the yarn are also investigated regarding the tensile properties of unidirectionally laid (UD) thermoplastic composites. The results show that CF length, yarn twist, and CF content of composites play a big role on the tensile properties of thermoplastic composites. From the comparison of tensile strength of UD composites produced from 40 and 60mm virgin staple CF, it can be seen that the increase of yarn twist decreases the tensile strength. However, the effect of twist on the tensile properties of UD composites manufactured from 40mm virgin staple CF is insignificant. The tensile strength of UD thermoplastic composites manufactured from the hybrid yarn with 40 and 60mm virgin staple CF and rCF is found to be 771 ± 100, 838 ± β1, and 801 ± 53.4 MPa, respectively, in the case of 87 T/m containing 50 volume% CF.
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Le, Ny Corinne. "Propriétés des fibres recyclées et leur développement technologique pour la fabrication de papiers magazines super calandrés." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0186.

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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont permis de clarifier le potentiel des fibres recyclées (RCF) et les limites rencontrées dans la fabrication de papiers magazines Super Calandrés (SC). La pâte recyclée contribue à améliorer densité d'impression et homogénéité des aplats en héliogravure mais tend à détériorer diffusion de la lumière, transvision, marbrage et points manquants. L'origine des différences observées entre les papiers à base de RCF et ceux à base de fibres vierges a été étudiée en simulant les effets de la composition fibreuse, du recyclage et du raffinage sur la qualité des papiers SC. Le taux de fibres chimiques s'est révélé être un paramètre influençant la plupart des caractéristiques des SC, dont transvision et marbrage. Par contre le taux de fibres mécaniques à paroi cellulaire épaisse a un effet marginal sur la qualité des papiers SC. La tendance vers une augmentation des points manquants lorsqu'un papier SC à taux élevé de pâte recyclée est imprimé en héliogravure a partiellement pour origine le raffinage de la RCF à haut niveau d'énergie spécifique
Based on industrial experience of UPM mills and advanced pulp and paper analysis, this thesis has aimed to clarify the potential and limitations of recycled fibres (RCF) for Super Calendered (SC) magazines and recommend future developments in fibre processing technology. RCF is found to improve SC print density and evenness in Rotogravure but tends to deteriorate light scattering, print through, calender blackening and missing dots. The origin of the differences observed between virgin fibre and RCF based SC has been studied by simulating the effects of fibre composition, recycling and refining stages on SC paper quality. Chemical fibres content turns out to be a parameter driving most of SC characteristics, including print through and calender blackening. Conversely, the presence of coarse mechanical fibres within RCF was found to have a marginal effect on SC paper quality. Finally, the trend for more missing dots when printing RCF compared to virgin fibres based SC originates at least partially from high energy RCF refining
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Eskander, Ashraf. "EFFECTS OF FIBER AND LITHIUM ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE MADE FROMRECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2954.

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The growing demand of construction aggregates has raised concern about the availability of natural aggregates. Over two billion tons of natural aggregate are produced each year in the United States and that number is expected to increase to 2.5 billion tons by 2020. This has raised concern about the availability of natural aggregate. Discarding demolished concrete into landfills is a costly solution from an economical and environmental point of view. Many U.S. highway agencies are re-using Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) as construction material. The use of fiber reinforcement in Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) has recently become a popular option in concrete construction because of its influence on preventing segregation, reducing early shrinkage cracks and increasing residual load capacity. Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) is a major problem in concrete, especially when using RCA, causing concrete expansion and cracks. Recently lithium has been found to reduce expansion due to ASR. This thesis will investigate the effect, of fibers soaked in lithium nitrate on the mechanical properties of RCA.
M.S.C.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Conference papers on the topic "Recycled fibers (RCF)"

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Pramudi, Ganjar, Wijang Wisnu Raharjo, and Dody Ariawan. "Investigation of the flexural and impact strength of recycled carbon fiber (RCF) I polyester composite." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0072702.

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Reports on the topic "Recycled fibers (RCF)"

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Chamberlain, Morgan, Justin Miller, Diana Heflin, Teal Dowd, Jung Soo Rhim, Ilke Arturk, Jacob Coffing, and Jan-Anders Mansson. Cycling and Sustainability: Development of a Recycled Carbon Fiber (rCF) Crankset Demonstrator. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317532.

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