Journal articles: 'Recyclation of 3D prints'

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Tutschek, B. "3D prints from ultrasound volumes." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 52, no. 6 (December 2018): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.20108.

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Herholz, Philipp, Sebastian Koch, Tamy Boubekeur, and Marc Alexa. "Unsharp masking geometry improves 3D prints." Computers & Graphics 66 (August 2017): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2017.05.018.

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Cooper, Catriona. "You Can Handle It: 3D Printing for Museums." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.39.

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OVERVIEW3D printing is a rapidly developing technology that has been championed as a revolutionary tool for the museums and heritage sector. Prints can provide innovative and engaging haptic experiences with objects in collections that cannot be handled, akin to craft replicas that have traditionally been employed. Large museums now regularly commission prints, yet evidence for the success of their deployment is largely anecdotal. This review considers how 3D prints have been utilized in museum contexts, with a focus on their successes and weaknesses as tools for public engagement.

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Kotoula, Eleni, Kiraz Goze Akoglu, Eckart Frahm, and Stefan Simon. "QR Coded 3D Prints of Cuneiform Tablets." International Journal of Art, Culture and Design Technologies 6, no. 2 (July 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijacdt.2017070101.

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This article discusses the design of a quick response (QR) coded 3D model of a Babylonian mathematical clay tablet for 3D printing purposes, in an attempt to make better use of advanced 3D visualizations, encourage public engagement and question the influence of tagging and 3D printing on the way humans interact with ancient documentary artefacts. The main emphasis of this article is the methodological challenge, taking under consideration both the technical constrains and object-oriented requirements, such as aesthetics and authenticity. The proposed methodology for the successful implementation of the project incorporates 3D modelling, 3D printing, Automatic Identification Data Capture (AIDC) technologies, and a new open source platform named Cultural Heritage Object (CHER-Ob), for data management, decision making and scientific collaboration.

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Stanic, Maja, Branka Lozo, and Diana Gregor Svetec. "Colorimetric properties and stability of 3D prints." Rapid Prototyping Journal 18, no. 2 (March 2, 2012): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552541211212104.

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Umetani, Nobuyuki, and Ryan Schmidt. "SurfCuit: Surface-Mounted Circuits on 3D Prints." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 37, no. 3 (May 2017): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2017.40.

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Hergel, Jean, and Sylvain Lefebvre. "Clean color: Improving multi-filament 3D prints." Computer Graphics Forum 33, no. 2 (May 2014): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12318.

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Sealy, Cordelia. "Versatile bioink prints tissue scaffolds in 3D." Materials Today 17, no. 10 (December 2014): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.10.025.

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Liu, H. L., Bing Zhang, Tian Gao, Xijun Wu, Fayi Cui, and Wei Xu. "3D chiral color prints for anti-counterfeiting." Nanoscale 11, no. 12 (2019): 5506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr09975h.

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Hellmann, Goetz Peter, Christoph Kottlorz, Jonas Presser, and Katja Utaloff. "Compact polymeric 3D prints of high stability." Journal of Materials Research 29, no. 17 (July 24, 2014): 1833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.137.

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Tricard, Thibault, Vincent Tavernier, Cédric Zanni, Jonàs Martínez, Pierre-Alexandre Hugron, Fabrice Neyret, and Sylvain Lefebvre. "Freely orientable microstructures for designing deformable 3D prints." ACM Transactions on Graphics 39, no. 6 (November 26, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3414685.3417790.

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Cupar, Andrej, Vojko Pogačar, and Zoran Stjepanovič. "Shape Verification of Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Prints." International Journal of Information and Computer Science 4 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14355/ijics.2015.04.001.

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Kishore, R., S. Sivaraj, V. Dhinakaran, V. S. Padma Pravin Prabhagar, and S. Jawhar Srinivas. "Strength of 3D prints with variable print orientation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2027, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2027/1/012021.

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Livesu, Marco, Stefano Ellero, Jonàs Martínez, Sylvain Lefebvre, and Marco Attene. "From 3D models to 3D prints: an overview of the processing pipeline." Computer Graphics Forum 36, no. 2 (May 2017): 537–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13147.

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Brown, Innes, and Ognjen Arandjelović. "Making Japenese Ukiyo-e Art 3D in Real-Time." Sci 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2010006.

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Ukiyo-e is a traditional Japanese painting style most commonly printed using wood blocks. Ukiyo-e prints feature distinct line work, bright colours, and a non-perspective projection. Most previous research on ukiyo-e styled computer graphics has been focused on creation of 2D images. In this paper we propose a framework for rendering interactive 3D scenes with ukiyo-e style. The rendering techniques use standard 3D models as input and require minimal additional information to automatically render scenes in a ukiyo-e style. The described techniques are evaluated based on their ability to emulate ukiyo-e prints, performance, and temporal coherence.

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Brown, Innes, and Ognjen Arandjelović. "Making Japenese Ukiyo-e Art 3D in Real-Time." Sci 2, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2020032.

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Ukiyo-e is a traditional Japanese painting style most commonly printed using wood blocks. Ukiyo-e prints feature distinct line work, bright colours, and a non-perspective projection. Most previous research on ukiyo-e styled computer graphics has been focused on creation of 2D images. In this paper we propose a framework for rendering interactive 3D scenes with ukiyo-e style. The rendering techniques use standard 3D models as input and require minimal additional information to automatically render scenes in a ukiyo-e style. The described techniques are evaluated based on their ability to emulate ukiyo-e prints, performance, and temporal coherence.

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Santos, Pedro, Reimar Tausch, Matevz Domajnko, Martin Ritz, Martin Knuth, and Dieter Fellner. "Automated 3D Mass Digitization for the GLAM Sector." Archiving Conference 2020, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2020.1.0.55.

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The lightfastness of prints is an extremely important characteristic for assessing their print stability. The fastness properties of prints can be described in terms of print durability and image stability. Good lightfastness assures the good print stability after long use. This study has focused to describe the lightfastness of printed foil samples due to long time exposure. It may also be used for the authenticity or validity of the product. Moreover, any kind of deterioration in package print quality will affect the sale value of the product adversely. Little work has been done to study the fastness properties of printed films and foils. In this work, blister foils printed in the gravure printing process are taken as the sample as it has extensive usage in food and medicine packaging. The samples are exposed in artificial lightfastness tester BGD 865/A Bench Xenon Test Chamber (B-SUN) for assessing the light fastness of cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink on the foil. The spectral curves and colorimetric values of prints are measured in the ocean optics spectroradiometer (DH2000BAL) before and after exposure. An Artificial Neural Network model (ANN) is proposed to predict the fading rate of the printed foil. The optimal model gives excellent prediction with the minimum mean square error (MSE) for each color and a correlation coefficient of 0.98-0.99.

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Urrios, Arturo, Cesar Parra-Cabrera, Nirveek Bhattacharjee, Alan M. Gonzalez-Suarez, Luis G. Rigat-Brugarolas, Umashree Nallapatti, Josep Samitier, et al. "3D-printing of transparent bio-microfluidic devices in PEG-DA." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 12 (2016): 2287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00153j.

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Grilj, Silva, Tadeja Muck, and Diana Gregor-Svetec. "PRINTING. The ageing resistance of offset and electrophotographic prints." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-04-p739-749.

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Abstract The moist heat (80°C and 65% relative humidity) and light (xenon arc lamp) treatments of accelerated ageing were applied to investigate the colour stability of offset and electrophotographic prints on papers made of virgin and I 00% recycled fibres. The prints were evaluated using spectrophotometric measurements and additional colour differences calculations. In addition to the colour differences, the 2D and 3D colour gamuts are presented. The results reveal the different colour stability of prints. The effect depends on the type of accelerated ageing, printing technique, composition of ink and paper characteristics. Moist heat ageing has less influence on colour stability than light ageing. The electrophotographic prints show better ageing resistance than offset prints. The intluence of ink on print light fastness is considerable. Azo pigments in magenta and yellow have lower light fastness than phthalocyanine pigments in cyan or carbon black. The surface coating has an intluence on light fastness of prints. Meanwhile, prints on recycled papers show similar colour stability compared to prints on papers made of virgin fibres

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Кудерова, I. Kuderova, Михайлова, M. Mikhaylova, Юмашев, A. Yumashev, Кристаль, and E. Kristal. "Variants of using 3d scanning in prosthetic dentistry." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 9, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/8116.

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The use of dental implants provides aesthetic dental prosthesis and high functionality, and innovative concepts and ideas associated with pre-prosthetic reconstruction of the jaw, allow the patients to improve the quality of life through the use of dentures on implants. However, the dentists and the implantologists forget about the category of patients who have the expressed dental phobic reactions accompanied with the neuromuscular disorders as the reflexes, in particular a gag reflex. A special approach and comprehensive treatment with the use of additional measures to resolve adverse reactions is necessary for these patients. This allows to simplify the work of dentists and to improve the quality of life of patients. Analysis of the results of the use of analog techniques for obtaining print and intraoral scanning each patient in one visit was conducted in this study. After treatment the patients were interviewed and questioned about the perception of both methods. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine the time required for each procedure. In a small number of cases, the patients negatively perceived total time required for intraoral scanning. The use of analog techniques as print required less time than for intraoral scanning. On the basis of the study results, the authors concluded that the patients preferred the intraoral scanning. The authors note that to obtain prints by means of the traditional method wasn’t carried out in two patients with a particularly strong gag reflex, and to obtain prints using dental impression masses was difficult in 9 patients. The majority of patients perceived long intraoral scanning more positively than the traditional method of obtaining prints using dental impression masses.

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Coakley, Meghan F., Darrell E. Hurt, Nick Weber, Makazi Mtingwa, Erin C. Fincher, Vsevelod Alekseyev, David T. Chen, et al. "The NIH 3D Print Exchange: A Public Resource for Bioscientific and Biomedical 3D Prints." 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing 1, no. 3 (September 2014): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2014.1503.

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Ratinam, Ratheesraj, Michelle Quayle, John Crock, Michelle Lazarus, Quentin Fogg, and Paul McMenamin. "Challenges in creating dissectible anatomical 3D prints for surgical teaching." Journal of Anatomy 234, no. 4 (February 2019): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12934.

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Ciornei, M., I. D. Savu, and S. V. Savu. "Metal Alloys for Filaments in 3D Fusion Filament Modelling Printing Process." Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Fascicle XII Welding Equipment and Technology 31 (December 28, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/awet.2020.10.

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The paper presents experimental research regarding the application of specific low melting metals in the FDM process. Previous trends in the transfer of the filament from the spool to the hot-end showed that the filament undergoes specific mechanical stress during the transfer. To achieve an appropriate transfer the filament should prove stiffness and resistance to the mechanical actions of the transfer wheels. At the same time, the entrance to the hot-end creates specific resistance to the movement of the filament, and the filament undergoes important deformations. The experimental research used three materials characterized by melting temperature below 260oC: Sn-58Bi, Sn-9Zn, and Sn-3.5Ag. Sn-58Bi showed a yield stress above 50 MPa, but very low extension during the tensile test. Sn-9Zn exhibited a yield stress above 30 MPa, and about double the extension during the tensile test. Sn-3.5Ag displayed a yield stress above 25 MPa, and extension in excess of 8%. The analysis of the surface was performed, revealing that the increase of the yield stress influenced the appearance of specific prints given by the transfer wheels. The deepest prints were measured for Sn-3.5Ag and they were maximum 100 μm. The other two materials were stiffer and the prints have depths below 50 μm. According to the obtained results, each of the tested materials can be an appropriate solution to filament use for the FDM 3D printing process.

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Di Franco, Paola Di Giuseppantonio, Carlo Camporesi, Fabrizio Galeazzi, and Marcelo Kallmann. "3D Printing and Immersive Visualization for Improved Perception of Ancient Artifacts." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00229.

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This article investigates the use of 3D immersive virtual environments and 3D prints for interaction with past material culture over traditional observation without manipulation. Our work is motivated by studies in heritage, museum, and cognitive sciences indicating the importance of object manipulation for understanding present and ancient artifacts. While virtual immersive environments and 3D prints have started to be incorporated in heritage research and museum displays as a way to provide improved manipulation experiences, little is known about how these new technologies affect the perception of our past. This article provides first results obtained with three experiments designed to investigate the benefits and tradeoffs in using these technologies. Our results indicate that traditional museum displays limit the experience with past material culture, and reveal how our sample of participants favor tactile and immersive 3D virtual experiences with artifacts over visual non-manipulative experiences with authentic objects.

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Ribeiro, Micaela, Olga Sousa Carneiro, and Alexandre Ferreira da Silva. "Interface geometries in 3D multi-material prints by fused filament fabrication." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2017-0107.

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Purpose An issue when printing multi-material objects is understanding how different materials will perform together, especially because interfaces between them are always created. This paper aims to address this interface from a mechanical perspective and evaluates how it should be designed for a better mechanical performance. Design/methodology/approach Different interface mechanisms were considered, namely, microscopic interfaces that are based on chemical bonding and were represented with a U-shape interface; a macroscopic interface characterized by a mechanical interlocking mechanism, represented by a T-shape interface; and a mesoscopic interface that sits between other interface systems and that was represented by a dovetail shape geometry. All these different interfaces were tested in two different material sets, namely, poly (lactic acid)–poly (lactic acid) and poly (lactic acid)–thermoplastic polyurethane material pairs. These two sets represent high- and low-compatibility materials sets, respectively. Findings The results showed, despite the materials’ compatibility level, multi-material objects will have a better mechanical performance through a macroscopic interface, as it is based on a mechanical interlocking system, of which performance cannot be achieved by a simple face-to-face interface even when considering the same material. Originality/value The paper investigates the importance of interface design in multi-material 3D prints by fused filament fabrication. Especially, for parts intended to be subjected to mechanical efforts, simple face-to-face interfaces are not sufficient and more robust and macroscopic-based interface geometries (based on mechanical interlocking systems) are advised. Moreover, such interfaces do not raise esthetic problems because of their working principle; the 3D printing technology can hide the interface geometries, if required.

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Kim, Chiyen, Charlie Sullivan, Alexander Hillstrom, and Ryan Wicker. "Intermittent Embedding of Wire into 3D Prints for Wireless Power Transfer." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 22, no. 5 (April 12, 2021): 919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-021-00508-y.

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Hart, Karen. "One from the heart." Early Years Educator 21, no. 11 (March 2, 2020): S14—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2020.21.11.s14.

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Ribas, Guilherme Carvalhal, Ricardo Ferreira Bento, and Aldo Junqueira Rodrigues. "Anaglyphic three-dimensional stereoscopic printing: revival of an old method for anatomical and surgical teaching and reporting." Journal of Neurosurgery 95, no. 6 (December 2001): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2001.95.6.1057.

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✓ The authors describe how to use the three-dimensional (3D) anaglyphic method to produce stereoscopic prints for anatomical and surgical teaching and reports preparation by using currently available nonprofessional photographic and computer methods. As with any other method of producing stereoscopic images, the anaglyphic procedure is based on the superimposition of two slightly different images of the object to be reproduced, one seen more from a left-sided point of view and the other seen more from a right-sided point of view. The pictures are obtained using a single camera, which following the first shot can be slid along a special bar for the second shot, or by using two cameras affixed to a surgical microscope. After the images have been distinguished from each other by applying different complementary color dyes, the images are scanned and superimposed on each other with the aid of nonprofessional imaging-manipulation software used on a standard personal computer (PC), and are printed using a standard printer. To be seen stereoscopically, glasses with colored lenses, normally one red and one blue, have to be used. Stereoscopic 3D anaglyphic prints can be produced using standard photographic and PC equipment; after some training, the prints can be easily reproduced without significant cost and are particularly helpful to disclose the 3D character of anatomical structures.

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Horton, Jennifer. "Assessment of the first 1000 3D prints requests at an academic library." Public Services Quarterly 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2020.1857320.

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Prasong, Wattanachai, Akira Ishigami, Supaphorn Thumsorn, Takashi Kurose, and Hiroshi Ito. "Improvement of Interlayer Adhesion and Heat Resistance of Biodegradable Ternary Blend Composite 3D Printing." Polymers 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050740.

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments have been the most used in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. The filaments, based on PLA, are continuing to be developed to overcome brittleness, low heat resistance, and obtain superior mechanical performance in 3D printing. From our previous study, the binary blend composites from PLA and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with nano talc (PLA/PBAT/nano talc) at 70/30/10 showed an improvement in toughness and printability in FDM 3D printing. Nevertheless, interlayer adhesion, anisotropic characteristics, and heat resistance have been promoted for further application in FDM 3D printing. In this study, binary and ternary blend composites from PLA/PBAT and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) with nano talc were prepared at a ratio of PLA 70 wt. % and blending with PBAT or PBS at 30 wt. % and nano talc at 10 wt. %. The materials were compounded via a twin-screw extruder and applied to the filament using a capillary rheometer. PLA/PBAT/PBS/nano talc blend composites were printed using FDM 3D printing. Thermal analysis, viscosity, interlayer adhesion, mechanical properties, and dimensional accuracy of binary and ternary blend composite 3D prints were investigated. The incorporation of PBS-enhanced crystallinity of the blend composite 3D prints resulted in an improvement to mechanical properties, heat resistance, and anisotropic characteristics. Flexibility of the blend composites was obtained by presentation of PBAT. It should be noted that the core–shell morphology of the ternary blend influenced the reduction of volume shrinkage, which obtained good surface roughness and dimensional accuracy in the ternary blend composite 3D printing.

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Kiński, Wojciech, and Paweł Pietkiewicz. "The concept of the material supply system in 3D printer using a wear FDM material." Mechanik 91, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.7.78.

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Presented is a conceptual model of an extruder that prints from waste after the printing process as well as from unsuccessful models. Particular attention was paid to the construction of the print head with an extruder adapted to previously fragmented plastic parts. The purpose of this solution is to reduce waste from the printing process.

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Ehrmann, Andrea, Daniel Görmer, and Jannik Störmer. "The influence of thermal after-treatment on the adhesion of 3D prints on textile fabrics." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 1, no. 2 (November 22, 2020): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2020.1.p104-110.

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3D printing belongs to the emerging technologies of our time. While it enables producing new structures and makes individualized products affordable, 3D printed objects still suffer from low production speed and often insufficient mechanical properties. Both these problems can be tackled by combining 3D printing with substrates prepared by conventional technologies, e.g. textile fabrics. In this case, the adhesion between both partners is most challenging and defines for which possible applications such composites are suitable. Here, we report on a new approach to increase the adhesion between 3D printed materials and warp knitted fabrics, showing that in some cases a thermal after-treatment, in the simplest case performed by ironing, is able to significantly increase the adhesion between both materials.

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Asmaria, Talitha, Rafida Rahmi, Muhammad Satrio Utomo, Franciska Pramuji Lestari, Aprillia Erryani, Patmah Fathoni, Tutun Nugraha, and Ika Kartika. "The 3D Printing in Material Research and Medical Physics Education and Its Accuracy Study." Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/1.06209.

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This study aims to construct prototypes using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology as a research apparatus and a physics education instrument, particularly in medical physics education. Two main designs of prototypes have been arranged. Two foam NaCl templates are drawn using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Image processing techniques achieve a 3D model of a thoracic vertebra. All 3D model data are printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. The prints of foam NaCl templates are utilized for holding the NaCl powder. The prototype of a human vertebra is used for visualization of the real condition of the human bone anatomy. The results of the prototypes are analyzed to investigate the similarity between the model and the prints. This investigation is done using a Vernier Caliper and CT Scan. The measurement using Caliper shows a higher percentage in likeness than the CT-Scan. All the accuracy study shows they have more than 83% in similarity. It can be concluded that all built prototypes have prominent exactitude and can support the material research using the printed NaCl templates. Hereafter, a bone mock-up’s genuine perception can function for further application, such as implant or surgery planning.

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Urbanová, Petra, Tomáš Vojtíšek, Jan Frišhons, Ondřej Šandor, Mikoláš Jurda, and Jan Krajsa. "Applying 3D prints to reconstructing postmortem craniofacial features damaged by devastating head injuries." Legal Medicine 33 (July 2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.05.005.

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Hofmann, Anna I., Ida Östergren, Youngseok Kim, Sven Fauth, Mariavittoria Craighero, Myung-Han Yoon, Anja Lund, and Christian Müller. "All-Polymer Conducting Fibers and 3D Prints via Melt Processing and Templated Polymerization." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 7 (February 11, 2020): 8713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b20615.

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Kuipers, Tim, Willemijn Elkhuizen, Jouke Verlinden, and Eugeni Doubrovski. "Hatching for 3D prints: Line-based halftoning for dual extrusion fused deposition modeling." Computers & Graphics 74 (August 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2018.04.006.

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Markl, Daniel, J. Axel Zeitler, Cecilie Rasch, Maria Høtoft Michaelsen, Anette Müllertz, Jukka Rantanen, Thomas Rades, and Johan Bøtker. "Analysis of 3D Prints by X-ray Computed Microtomography and Terahertz Pulsed Imaging." Pharmaceutical Research 34, no. 5 (December 21, 2016): 1037–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-2083-1.

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Morris, Christine, Alan Peatfield, and Brendan O’Neill. "‘Figures in 3D’: Digital Perspectives on Cretan Bronze Age Figurines." Open Archaeology 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2018-0003.

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Abstract The largest corpus of clay figurines from the Cretan Bronze Age comes from ritual mountain sites known as peak sanctuaries. In this paper, we explore how the ‛Figures in 3D’ project contributes to our understanding of these figurines, aiding in the study of the technologies of figurine construction and the typological analysis of distinctive styles. We discuss how the project has, more unexpectedly, begun to create new dialogues and opportunities for moving between the material and the digital by taking a multifaceted approach that combines the data from 3D models and 3D prints with experimental work in clay.

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Kuang, Xiao, Jiangtao Wu, Kaijuan Chen, Zeang Zhao, Zhen Ding, Fengjingyang Hu, Daining Fang, and H. Jerry Qi. "Grayscale digital light processing 3D printing for highly functionally graded materials." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaav5790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav5790.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing, as a revolutionary technology for future advanced manufacturing, usually prints parts with poor control of complex gradients for functional applications. We present a single-vat grayscale digital light processing (g-DLP) 3D printing method using grayscale light patterns and a two-stage curing ink to obtain functionally graded materials with the mechanical gradient up to three orders of magnitude and high resolution. To demonstrate the g-DLP, we show the direct fabrication of complex 2D/3D lattices with controlled buckling and deformation sequence, negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterial, presurgical models with stiffness variations, composites for 4D printing, and anti-counterfeiting 3D printing.

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Pfeffer, Glenn B., Max P. Michalski, Tina Basak, and Joseph C. Giaconi. "Use of 3D Prints to Compare the Efficacy of Three Different Calcaneal Osteotomies for the Correction of Heel Varus." Foot & Ankle International 39, no. 5 (January 24, 2018): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100717753622.

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Background: Cavovarus deformity of the hindfoot is typically caused by neurologic disorders. Multiple osteotomies have been described for the correction of varus deformity but without clinical comparison. In this study, we used 18 identical 3-dimensional (3D) prints of a patient with heel varus to compare the operative correction obtained with Dwyer, oblique, and Z osteotomies. Methods: A computed tomography (CT) scan of a patient with heel varus was used to create 18 identical 3D prints of the talus, calcaneus, and cuboid. Coordinate frames were added to the talus and calcaneus to evaluate rotation. The prints were then divided into 3 groups of 6 models each. A custom jig precisely and accurately replicated each osteotomy. Following the simulated operations, cut models were CT scanned and compared with 6 uncut models. Measurements were calculated using multiplanar reconstruction image processing. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the initial data to determine significant differences among the measured variables. A Tukey Studentized range test was run to compare variables that showed statistically significant differences using the ANOVA. Results: The coronal angle of the Dwyer and oblique osteotomies was significantly less than that of the Z osteotomy ( P < .05). The axial angle, lateral displacement, and calcaneal shortening of the uncut model and Z osteotomy were significantly less than the Dwyer and oblique osteotomies. Conclusions: Dwyer, oblique, and Z osteotomies did not create either lateral translation or coronal rotation without the addition of a lateralizing slide or rotation of the posterior tuberosity. Clinical Relevance: Dwyer and oblique osteotomies would be best suited for mild deformity, yet the amount of calcaneal shortening must be acknowledged. A Z osteotomy is a complex procedure that has the capability of correcting moderate-severe coronal plane rotation but fails to provide lateralization of the pull of the Achilles insertion.

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Basurto-Vázquez, Olimpia, Elvia P. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Graham J. McShane, and Dora I. Medina. "Load Distribution on PET-G 3D Prints of Honeycomb Cellular Structures under Compression Load." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121983.

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Energy resulting from an impact is manifested through unwanted damage to objects or persons. New materials made of cellular structures have enhanced energy absorption (EA) capabilities. The hexagonal honeycomb is widely known for its space-filling capacity, structural stability, and high EA potential. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been effectively useful in a vast range of applications. The evolution of these technologies has been studied continuously, with a focus on improving the mechanical and structural characteristics of three-dimensional (3D)-printed models to create complex quality parts that satisfy design and mechanical requirements. In this study, 3D honeycomb structures of novel material polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) were fabricated by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method with different infill density values (30%, 70%, and 100%) and printing orientations (edge, flat, and upright). The effectiveness for EA of the design and the effect of the process parameters of infill density and layer printing orientation were investigated by performing in-plane compression tests, and the set of parameters that produced superior results for better EA was determined by analyzing the area under the curve and the welding between the filament layers in the printed object via FDM. The results showed that the printing parameters implemented in this study considerably affected the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed PET-G honeycomb structure. The structure with the upright printing direction and 100% infill density exhibited an extension to delamination and fragmentation, thus, a desirable performance with a long plateau region in the load–displacement curve and major absorption of energy.

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S. Alsoufi, Mohammad, Mohammed W. Alhazmi, Dhia K. Suker, Mohammed Yunus, and Rashad O. Malibari. "From 3D models to FDM 3D prints: experimental study of chemical treatment to reduce stairs-stepping of semi-sphere profile." AIMS Materials Science 6, no. 6 (2019): 1086–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2019.6.1086.

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Jakobsen, Lise Skytte. "Holding Your Scream in Your Hand. 3D Printing as Inter-Dimensional Experience in Contemporary Artworks by Alicia Framis, Martin Erik Andersen and Hito Steyerl." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausfm-2015-0024.

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Abstract During the last couple of years, 3D printing has been widely discussed as a technology with the potential to revolutionize production methods as we used to know them. However, hitherto not much has been written about the aesthetic| aspects of this new possibility of transferring bits to atoms. What kinds of (3D) images are awaiting us? This article focuses on how three contemporary artists are including 3D prints and the process of 3D printing in their work. The article offers a short introduction to the characteristics of 3D printing followed by indebt analysis of art works by Spanish installation artist Alicia Framis. Danish sculptor and professor at The Royal Danish Art Academy Martin Erik Andersen and German filmmaker and writer Hito Steyerl. The article points out how these, very different, works of art use 3D printing to offer the viewer a sense of inter-dimensionality. The central experience here lies somewhere between 2D and 3D.

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Milde, Ján, František Jurina, Jozef Peterka, Patrik Dobrovszký, Jakub Hrbál, and Jozef Martinovič. "Influence of Part Orientation on the Surface Roughness in the Process of Fused Deposition Modeling." Key Engineering Materials 896 (August 10, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.896.29.

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The article focused on the influence of part orientation on the surface roughness of cuboid parts during the process of fabricating by FDM technology. The components, in this case, is simple cuboid part with the dimensions 15 mm x 15mm x 30 mm. A geometrical model is defined that considers the shape of the material filaments after deposition, to define a theoretical roughness profile, for a certain print orientation angle. Five different print orientations in the X-axis of the cuboid part were set: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. The method of 3D printing was the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the material used in this research was thermoplastic ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). For each setting, there were five specimens (twenty five prints in total). Prints were fabricated on a Zortrax M200 3D printer. After the 3D printing, the surface “A” was investigated by portable surface roughness tester Mitutoyo SJ-210. Surface roughness in the article is shown in the form of graphs (Fig.7). Results show increase in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. Findings in this paper can be taken into consideration when designing parts, as they can contribute in achieving lower surface roughness values.

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Diemer, Benedikt, and Isaac Facio. "The Fabric of the Universe: Exploring the Cosmic Web in 3D Prints and Woven Textiles." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 129, no. 975 (April 18, 2017): 058013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aa6a46.

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Dzienniak, Damian, and Jan Pawlik. "Analysis of the surface quality of polycaprolactam 3D prints enriched with carbon and glass fiber." MATEC Web of Conferences 338 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133801005.

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Additive manufacturing has been gaining popularity and availability year by year, which has resulted in its dynamic development. The most common 3D printing method as of today, FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling), owing to its peculiarity, does not always guarantee producing objects with low surface roughness. The authors of the present article have taken on the analysis of the impact of FDM printing on the roughness of the filament thus processed. They also investigate the relationship between the roughness of the unprocessed filament (made of polycaprolactam, that is, polyamide 6 or PA6) with admixtures of other materials (carbon fiber, glass fiber) and the surface quality of the manufactured object. The main subject of the analysis is the side surfaces of 3D prints, as it is their quality that is usually directly dependent on many factors connected with the process of the laying of the consecutive layers. The authors check step by step whether there exists a pronounced relationship between the roughness of the original filament material and the roughness of the obtained surface.

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Pfeffer, Glenn, Max Michalski, Tina Basak, and Joseph Giaconi. "The Use of 3D Prints to Compare the Efficacy of Three Different Calcaneal Osteotomies for the Correction of Heel Varus." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 2473011416S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000012.

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Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: There are multiple surgical osteotomies described for the correction of heel varus. An adequately powered clinical comparison of these osteotomies has not been published. In this study we used 18 identical 3D prints of a patient with heel varus to compare the surgical correction obtained with a Dwyer, oblique or Z osteotomy. The adequately powered statistical results of this study quantify the unique advantages and limitations of these osteotomies. Methods: A CT scan of a patient with heel varus (16 degrees) from Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease was selected for 3D modeling. Eighteen identical 3D prints were created of an anatomical construct of the talus, calcaneus and cuboid. Coordinate frames were added to the talus and calcaneus to evaluate rotation. Six of the prints were CT scanned to establish baseline data measurements (Uncut Control Group). All 18 prints were then divided into 3 groups of 6 models each. A custom jig was used to precisely and accurately replicate a different osteotomy in each group( Dwyer, oblique or Z). A 1 cm wedge was removed from each osteotomy. Following the simulated surgeries, all 18 models were CT scanned using the same parameters as had been used for the uncut models. Anatomic and coordinate measurements were calculated using multiplanar reconstruction image processing. Coordinate measurements were established as the rotation of the calcaneal coordinate frame with respect to the talar coordinate frame. Results: A standard 1-way analysis (ANOVA) was performed on the initial data. Additionally, a Tukey Studentized Range test was run using the raw data to compare the uncut model, Dwyer, oblique and Z osteotomies for all variables that showed statistically significant differences using the ANOVA. Coronal angle correction (Figure 1): The overall ANOVA test is significant (p < 0.001). Tukey post-hoc comparisons demonstrate that Z is significantly different from Oblique (mean difference = 8.8; 95pct CI [5.5,12.0]; p < 0.001) and Dwyer (mean difference = 10.4; 95pct CI [7.1, 13.6]; p < 0.001), but Oblique and Dwyer are not significantly different from each other (mean difference = 1.6; 95 pct CI [-1.6, 4.9]; p=0.422). Calcaneal shortening (Figure 2): The overall ANOVA test is significant (p < 0.001). All group comparisons are significant except for the Z vs Uncut (p=0.919). Lateral translation (Figure 3): The overall ANOVA test is significant (p < 0.001). All group comparisons are statistically significant from one another. Conclusion: The Z osteotomy provided significantly more correction in the coronal plane (varus/valgus), with no significant shortening of the calcaneus, compared to the Dwyer and oblique osteotomies. The Z osteotomy, however, produced much less correction than anticipated, with only 3 degrees of final heel valgus. The Dwyer and Oblique osteotomies remained in varus. None of the osteotomies provided more than 6mm lateral translation of the tuberosity. These results have significant application to the appropriate choice of a calcaneal osteotomy for heel varus.

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Ploszajski, Anna R., Richard Jackson, Mark Ransley, and Mark Miodownik. "4D Printing of Magnetically Functionalized Chainmail for Exoskeletal Biomedical Applications." MRS Advances 4, no. 23 (2019): 1361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.154.

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AbstractChainmail fabrics manufactured by selective laser sintering 3D printing have been magnetically functionalized to create a lightweight, 4D printed, actuating fabric. The post-processing method involves submerging the porous prints in commercial ferrofluid (oil-based magnetic liquid), followed by drying under heat. The actuation of the chainmail has been simulated using a rigid multi-body physics engine, and qualitatively matches experiment. Such magnetically actuating fabrics have potential to make thin, lightweight and comfortable wearable assistive devices.

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Azhikannickal, Elizabeth, and Aaron Uhrin. "Dimensional Stability of 3D Printed Parts: Effects of Process Parameters." Ohio Journal of Science 119, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v119i2.6593.

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The three-dimensional (3D) printing manufacturing process begins with the creation of a 3D model—using computer aided design (CAD) software—of the part to be printed. Using a type of 3D printing known as fused deposition modeling (FDM®), the 3D printer extrudes molten plastic to scan lines to create individual layers (i.e., the infill): one on top of the other. (Note that "scan" in this context refers to the movement of the extruder head, along an x,y coordinate path, while depositing molten plastic.) This process is repeated until the overall geometry, specified by the 3D model, is built. This process is attractive for producing proof of concept or prototype parts in various fields including automotive, aerospace, and medical. However, FDM subjects the material to rapid heating and cooling; therefore, some degree of undesirable warpage of the part occurs post fabrication. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of 4 process parameters (i.e., infill shape, infill density, number of perimeters created per layer, and layer height) on the total dimensional error of a representative 3D-printed part. This part (the "simple part"), used in Trials 1 through 3 of this study, was a square acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plate having a nominal measurement of 50 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm thick. A residual error (the difference between the measured post-printing dimension and the theoretical CAD file dimension) was calculated along each given direction and for each test print. Finally, a root mean square (RMS) error (i.e., the square root of the average of the squared residual errors along the length, width, and thickness directions) was calculated for each printed part. Three repeat test prints were carried out for each parameter. The number of perimeters played a key role in the dimensional stability of the part. As the number of perimeters increased up to 5, the RMS error decreased. Beyond 5 perimeters, however, the RMS error increased due to excessive warpage/curvature at the corners of the part. Ultimately, when examined individually, a grid infill shape at 100% density, a 0.4 mm layer height, and 5 perimeters each produced the lowest warpage. In combination, these same 4 parameters also produced the lowest RMS error (based on dimensional analysis of 3 test prints) when used to print a more complicated part (the "stacked part") in Trial 4.

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Pfeffer, G., M. Michalski, J. Giaconi, and T. Basek. "The use of 3D prints to compare the efficacy of different calcaneal osteotomies for heel varus." Foot and Ankle Surgery 23 (September 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2017.07.1049.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Recyclation of 3D prints'

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