Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recyclage des déchets plastiques'
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Boeglin, Nadia. "Valorisation par agglomération de sous-produits de la filière bois : faisabilité technique et approche technico-économique." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10334.
Full textAldoori, Hussam. "Valorisation des déchets plastiques d'équipements électriques et électroniques contenant des retardateurs de flamme bromés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR053.
Full textThe use of brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is currently restricted by the European RoHS directive because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation and persistence in the environment. However, these toxic molecules are still found in large quantities in end-of-life plastics, particularly in the residues of obsolete electrical and electronic equipment.Consequently, these plastic wastes loaded with brominated flame retardants cannot be recycled without a prior treatment ensuring the elimination of these additives. Moreover, these additives can migrate in the environment surrounding the waste storage sites and degrade by exposure to solar radiation to generate more harmful substances such as polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDF).The aim of this thesis, which is part of the Interreg VALBREE project, is to study the feasibility of a decontamination process of plastic waste by irradiation with UV-visible radiation, a technique that has proven promising for the abatement of brominated molecules incorporated in the plastic material, in order to allow the revalorization of the latter by mechanical recycling. The efficiency of the radiative treatment in the photodegradation of brominated flame retardants in model polymer/RFB mixtures has been confirmed by different spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis techniques. Thus, the evaluation of the state of the plastic material after irradiation allowed to optimize the treatment conditions in order to avoid the deterioration of the properties of the decontaminated plastics
Chiarilli-Sabin, Virginie. "Analyse de seuils d'endommagement de mélanges de polymères incompatibles dans un objectif de recyclage." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-272.pdf.
Full textC'est le cas pour le polyoxyméthylène, et également pour un matériau pourtant très différent des thermoplastiques : le carbonate de calcium. Ce taux de 5% en volume semble marquer une transition de type ductile-fragile observée lors de la sollicitation en traction. La sensibilité particulière des caractéristiques autour de ce taux, la proximité de la température de transition vitreuse du polypropylène et la modification de la mobilité moléculaire due à la compatibilisation expliquent les valeurs a priori surprenantes mesurées sur certains allongements à la rupture. De plus, il est intéressant de constater que, contrairement à ce que l'on lit dans la littérature concernant les mélanges équilibrés de polymères incompatibles, l'adjonction de compatibilisants n'est pas nécessaire. Cette différence de tendance s'explique par la conjonction des facteurs que l'on vient d'évoquer, sans laquelle cette transition ductile-fragile, différente de la transition vitreuse, n'aurait pas été mise en évidence
Le, Guern Cécile. "Séparation de déchets de plastiques par voie physico-chimique (flottation-moussage) en vue de leur recyclage : applicabilité au mélange PVC/PET bouteilles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_LE_GUERN_C.pdf.
Full textTraore, Brahiman. "Elaboration et caractérisation d’une structure composite (sable et déchets plastiques recyclés) : Amélioration de la résistance par des charges en argiles." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA029/document.
Full textThis project aims at conceiving(designing) one paves with plastic waste got back in the discharges and with mixture of sand and gravel. This pavement that must be of use to the realization of pavements and public highways, must thus be capable of answering the technical conditions of its use. However, the fabrication method and the used material(equipment) must be rather simple to allow its fast handling by little qualified workers and a low(weak) production cost to be economically competitive. Pavements will thus be tested to identify their performance at the same time mechanical and physical then used on life-size to understand(include) their ageing because of their wear. Finally, an equipment(casting off) will have risen for a transfer of finalized(worked out) technology
Maris, Joachim. "Compatibilisation de matières plastiques en mélange issues de déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques en vue de leur valorisation par recyclage mécanique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1004.
Full textThe recycling of the plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has attracted great attention recently for environmental reasons. Mechanical recycling has emerged as the most economical, as well as the most energetic and ecologically efficient option. The aim of this work is the mechanical recycling of WEEE mixed plastic waste (MPW) streams. First, MPW composition has been evaluated by FT-IR and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies, and ATG and DSC analyses. MPW are complex blend composed of thermoplastics, mainly styrenic polymers (ABS, HIPS, PS) and polyolefins. The remaining were other thermoplastics as PVC, PE, PMMA, PC…. After processing, these mixtures show very low mechanical properties compared to commodity and engineering thermoplastics. These results demonstrated that compatibilization is necessary to transform these D3E into secondary raw materials (SRM). In situ compatibilization using radical reactions appeared to be an attractive solution. Two pathways have been studied to generate the radicals, firstly, by electron beam radiation and, secondly, by adding chemical initiators. These two approaches didn’t show any substantial improvement in mechanical properties. Following these results, compatibilization by addition of reactive and non-reactive commercial copolymers were undertaken, leading to a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The production of technical prototypes and 3D printing wires from compatibilized SRM has been validated and allows considering an industrial development
Aït, Amer Abdelaziz. "Broyage et séparation des matériaux polymériques sans fragilisation cryogénique : approche fractographique du réacteur de division et transposition des techniques métallurgiques de séparation." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20130.
Full textGripon, Layla. "Contribution au recyclage et à la valorisation des matières plastiques issues des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques contenant des retardateurs de flamme bromés." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MTLD0014.
Full textBrominated flame retardants (BFR) are added to polymers to enhance their flammability resistance. But some of them are nowadays considered as persistent organic pollutants (POP). To avoid their propagation into recycling streams, plastic materials which bromine concentration is too high (> 2000 ppm) are generally incinerated to destroy the pollutants they contain. The objective of this work is to find a solution to recycle BFR containing plastics materials while respecting the regulations. The study is focused on an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) batch coming from real waste electrical and electronic equipment which contains a POP concentration about four times higher than the regulation limit authorizing recycling. Physico-chemical methods were studied to extract BFR. Solid-liquid extractions with stirring and diethyl ether as well as the dissolution-precipitation method lowered the POP concentration under the regulatory limit. A detailed study on supercritical CO2 extraction was performed and showed its efficiency to remove BFR, but optimizations are still needed. The recycling environmental impacts were also evaluated considering the pre-treatment processes studied previously. The energy and solvent consumptions need to be optimized in order to make the recycling process more viable compared to incineration. The treated plastic material showed that it can be easily recycled. Nevertheless, its impact strength could be improved during a formulation step. Finally, a practical application of this material in a bilayer structure was proposed to enhance its mechanical and esthetic properties. Good adhesions were obtained with virgin ABS and ABS/PC materials guaranteeing satisfactory properties to the bilayer structure
Monsaingeon, Baptiste. "Le déchet durable : éléments pour une socio-anthropologie du déchet ménager." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010654/document.
Full textOver the past forty years, household waste and its management have been assimilated to a global environmental issue. While sustainable development is becoming a pressing issue, the number of our garbage bins is increasing. So what is it that we aim to preserve when we are dutifully sorting out our garbage? Between the very local gesture of discarding and the global environmental issue, there is a tremendous gap. The link between everyday practices of waste and environmental issues is so underdetermined that it has to be analysed. The main claim of this dissertation is that despite a growing concern with environment and the increasing time and space devoted to waste management, we remain unaware of the social, technological and material issues at stake. Because of this individual and collective blindness waste is not seen as a clue: as its memorial function is neglected waste is still perceived as what has to disappear, as a material quantity that has to be controlled and eliminated. The en-durable waste is an oxymoron that leads to further investigate the multiple modes of presence of waste in today’s life. Inspired by the personae of the ragman and of the archaeologist, this socio-anthropological investigation follows household waste from uncertain oceans of plastic to few Parisian vermicompost bins. Based on this confrontation to the materiality of waste, to the territories and to practices of wasting, this dissertation claims that where the unavoidable presence of waste is described as a problem, it is question of our presence to waste that is at stake
Santander, Tapia Pavlo Javier Alejandro. "Valorisation en circuit court de déchets thermoplastiques pour la conception par impression 3D de structures composites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0229.
Full textThe management of plastic waste is a major problem that has yet to be resolved with a view to a more sustainable development of human activities. Among the possible solutions, recycling is an interesting way to recycle non-renewable materials. After decades of centralized recycling, there is now a growing interest in approaches based on distributed recycling. Taking advantage of the democratization of open-source 3D printing technologies (OS), we propose to revalorize locally the plastics that can be used by these technologies. This distributed recycling can be considered as a kind of "intelligent network", composed of small coordinated recycling units, which provide recycled plastic filaments to the 3D printing community. The technical feasibility of this plastic recycling approach has been proven in the literature. However, its feasibility from a supply chain and logistics perspective has yet to be demonstrated. In order to address this issue, this research thesis seeks to provide answers to the following research question: Under what conditions is it possible to deploy a sustainable network of local and distributed plastics recycling using open-source 3D printing technologies? Taking into account the above, this research work aims to propose a framework for the analysis and evaluation, from a sustainability perspective, of the distributed plastic recycling approach for 3D printing. The proposed evaluation framework combines optimization and system dynamics in the evaluation of the sustainability of the recycling approach. The application of the evaluation framework to a specific case study of a university seeking to implement a distributed recycling demonstrator to recover 3D printing waste from middle and high schools in northeastern France illustrated the feasibility from a sustainability perspective
Rogaume, Yann. "Physico-chimie de la dégradation thermique des molécules azotées : cas du polyamide et du polyuréthanne." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2286.
Full textGonçalves, Marques Gabriela. "Effet du recyclage mécanique sur la modification structurale et le comportement mécanique du PET vierge et renforcé choc." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10273.
Full textRecycling is today one of the possibilities for limiting the environmental impact of plastic wastes. In this context, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is in the spotlight, being the most recycled polymers in the word. Despite the efforts spent in recycling this material, many technical challenges still restrain its industrial development. This research work intends to better understand the limitations of the mechanical recycling of PET and to offer innovative technical solutions for these drawbacks. The ambition of this project is to extend the use of acrylic-based impact modifiers to boost the mechanical performances of PET while studying their recycling potential. The first experimental phase of this research focus on clarifying the relationship between structural modification caused by successive reprocessing cycles and the mechanical response of recycled PET (rPET). Then, the introduction of low concentration of additives is assessed. Two different reinforcement strategies based in impact modifiers, reactive or nonreactive, are investigated and their performances compared. Finally, the reprocessing potential of the produced blends is also identified. The contribution of the presence of impact modifiers on the different structural modifications observed previously can help to better understand their action and the different mechanisms taking place. Throughout this work, processing parameters and the rheological response of the blends are discussed. Thermal transitions and the morphology of the blends also guide their understanding. Finally, aspects such as the effect of the physical aging of the PET matrix are investigated. The main objective of this PhD work is, therefore, to expand the recycling possibilities of PET, facilitating it without affecting its ecological balance
Delbruel, Valentine. "Use of additive manufacturing technologies for functional rehabilitation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0122.
Full textSince 2016, the NGO Handicap International (HI) has been using 3D printing (Fused Filament Fabrication) to produce prostheses and orthoses in low-income countries. While the initial results are promising, importing polypropylene (PP) filaments from Europe poses logistical challenges and increases the manufacturing costs. Thus, this project aims to recycle plastic waste into 3D printing filaments to locally produce ankle-foot orthoses in Togo. A preliminary study was conducted on three polymers to identify the most suitable material: recycled PET (bottles), virgin PP (used by HI), and recycled TPU (production scraps from the footwear industry). Mechanical tests and numerical simulations showed that PP, due to its semi-rigidity, offered a good balance between comfort and support. Subsequently, the printability and properties of recycled PP-PEHD blends were studied. Adding 30 to 50% PEHD to the PP matrix improves stability during deposition. In-situ compatibilization during the process creates a fine morphology and satisfactory mechanical properties. Finally, recycled blends composed of 70% PP and 30% PEHD, derived from post-consumer food packaging waste and post-industrial scraps from orthopedic sheets, were processed into 3D printing filaments and used to print orthoses after optimizing process parameters. The durability of the orthoses was analyzed through accelerated aging tests on PP with different compositions (virgin, UV-stabilized, and recycled from post-consumer materials) and processes (3D printing, injection, and thermoforming) under conditions typical of Togo. On the one hand, recycled PP was found to be more sensitive to thermo- and photo-oxidation due to impurities and the lack of stabilizers, necessitating the addition of additives during recycling to prevent brittleness. On the other hand, 3D printing showed promise in improving aging resistance, as it limits degradation during the process. Finally, the rupture resistance of the orthoses was characterized using a test bench simulating walking. 3D-printed orthoses were compared to a reference thermoformed PP orthosis, which did not break during the tests, demonstrating excellent mechanical strength. The 3D-printed orthoses performed similarly up to 12° of dorsiflexion, but the virgin PP orthosis showed ductile failure, whereas orthoses made from recycled materials exhibited brittle failure. Therefore, optimizing printing parameters remains essential. In conclusion, the potential for applications in humanitarian contexts is discussed, highlighting the promise of the emerging technique of printing from pellets, which could simplify the manufacturing process and reduce costs
Goument, Caroline. "Caractérisation, mise en forme et recyclage de polymères biosourcés pour le développement d’un procédé de fabrication plastronique respectueux de l’environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0109.
Full textIn the majority of cases, electronic objects in our everyday life have a plastic casing made of petrochemical polymer materials. Today, replacing the petrochemical-based materials with more environmentally-friendly ones is a necessary transition. 3D plastronics is an emerging field of research than can overcome some of the limitations of conventional electronics, particularly as it requires to redefine the polymer substrates. This PhD is part of the BIOANTENNA project of the AURA Region's Ambition Research Pack, whose goal is to manufacture an innovative electronic device in terms of the materials used and the functionalities of the electronic circuit. In this thesis, we study a mass production process for electronic devices called In-Mold Electronics (IME). It comprises three main stages: screen printing, thermoforming and injection molding. In the state of the art, the reference polymer in IME is PolyCarbonate (PC). Our goal is to replace PC with a more environmentally-friendly material: Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA). Over the last ten years, this polymer has been the subject of numerous studies in order to use it as an alternative to petrochemical-based engineering polymers. PLA is the most widely used biosourced polymer today. It is also biodegradable in industrial composting, which could provide a solution for end-of-life products and make it suitable for use in the circular economy. This manuscript is divided in two main parts : one regarding the manufacturing of a plastronic device using IME and PLA, and the other on the dismantling of the IME devices manufactured in the first part
Guidigo, Jonathan. "Caractérisation physico-mécanique d’un composite bois polymère." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0229/document.
Full textThis study follow others that propose a solution for the recovery of plastic waste and wood to make it a construction material made of wood-polymer composite. The particularity of this research is that the thermoplastic matrix used is a set of different polymers taken in well-defined proportions. The percentages considered for the matrix obtained represent the proportion of polymer waste that can be found in the city of Cotonou (Benin Republic). This study consisted in making WPC polymer wood composite samples by extrusion, studying them through physico-mechanical tests and relating them to samples made with an already existing artisanal method. On the one hand, we studied separately the sawdust and the thermoplastic matrix by determining the chemical constituents of the sawdust, and by performing a physico-mechanical analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, compression and tensile bending test, facies analysis). SEM fracture) on the reinforcement and the matrix. On the other hand we evaluated the influence of the addition of 20%, 25%, 28% and 30% of sawdust on the mechanical properties (compression, bending and traction). The results show that sawdust behaves like a reinforcement when the sample is stressed in compression and bending. Sawdust acts as a load when WPC samples are stressed in tension. Sawdust also improves the rigidity of WPC in tension. The mechanical results obtained by extrusion are much better than those resulting from the artisanal methods. Thermogravimetric analyzes performed on WPC samples from the artisanal method reveal that during their manufacture, these samples are subjected to temperatures (above 300 ° C) that begin the degradation of polymers and sawdust in WPC
Louizi, Molka. "Formulation de mélanges de polyoléfines à l’aide d’une extrudeuse à très haute vitesse : Application à la dispersion de particules de traceurs, détectables par fluorescence X ou UV, en vue du tri de déchets polymères post-consommation." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0134.
Full textThis thesis, which is part of the ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC project, had the objective of contributing to industrial sorting rate of polymers containing tracers detectable by their fluorescence X or UV properties. At first, given that the cost of tracers selected for TRIPTIC study is quite high, a preliminary study is conducted with models of silica particles to optimize the dispersion of fillers in polypropylene / ethylene-propylene rubber (PP / EPR) matrix. It was found that processing under high shear rate is an effective technology for accomplishing a homogeneous dispersion of micro or nanoscale fillers. In a second step, after optimization of dispersion conditions, our results are extrapolated to the dispersion of UV tracer in different thermoplastic matrices. It was shown that the dispersion of 1000 ppm of micrometer tracer particles, in polypropylene matrices, extruded at high shear rates (N = 800 rpm), has no impact on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. This fine dispersion was beneficial not only for the conservation of the properties of traced polymers but also for achieving a good dynamic detection of UV or X tracers using a prototype developed by the project partners ( Pellenc Selective Technologies , CEA- LITT and ENSAM - RPI ). Finally, high shear processing has successfully used to the compatibilization of ternary blends ( PP / EPR ) / PE (polyethylene) which may correspond to the post-consumer polymers. This technique has proved to be an effective method to produce polymer blends with unique mechanical properties. This novel strategy of compatibilization is of a particular interest, especially for industrial application prospects. It also opens new perspectives for materials lightening as well as “high shear recycling” of immiscible polymers
Zahour, Selim. "Performances de fibres synthétiques issues du recyclage. Role des propriétés aux interfaces sur le comportements au temps et à l'usage." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR019/document.
Full textWe focused on physical ageing of a non-woven produced by recycled fibers from plastic bottles. This non-woven is produced by drylaid-textile process and is used for building thermal insulation. Two networks are visible and structural relaxation has been investigated through the study of evolution of one fiber skin part with different couple time, temperature. Physical ageing of polymers can be followed by structural relaxation process. We showed that structural relaxation process is very long for temperatures of use far from glass transition temperature. Same results have been shown on the global non-woven stored in non-insulated box governed by Normandy weather. The combination of the two previous results reinforce our basic idea ; the insulator properties variation will be stable for long time only if temperature of use is far from glass transition temperature
Cilli-Dogru, Elmas. "Recyclage des déchets de terre cuite." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0128.
Full textRecycling or reuse of demolition waste from individual houses, small collectives and industrial sites built with fired clay bricks, is currently limited by the presence of mixed waste, which is mainly an assembly of fired clay bricks, mortar and gypsum. In the perspective to valorize fired clay waste from demolition, the presence of gypsum, which may contain sulfates, is a restriction. Currently, the main end-of-life option for non-dissociated fired clay waste is the landfilling in waste storage facilities of class 3. The aim of this PhD thesis is to develop a separation process of mixed fired clay waste, environmentally more friendly than landfilling, in order to recover and valorize secondary raw materials in relevant industrial sectors. A study of the deposit has been done to identify the nature of the mixed demolition waste and to supply representative waste samples. Those samples enable to define the adhesion mechanisms at the interfaces. Then, a separation method has been developed. Finally, three routes have been investigated in order to valorize the recovered clay bricks
Talbi, Gaël. "Caractérisation, destruction et recyclage des déchets amiantés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS135/document.
Full textTo answer the ecological and economic problems of the treatment of Materials Containing Asbestos (MCA), a complete process allowing to handle in an optimal way these waste was proposed. For that purpose, three types of waste were analyzed by several complementary techniques of characterization (X-rays diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, infrared and NMR spectroscopy). These analyses allowed the identification of the present various phases within waste. This identification is necessary, because it allows to adapt in the optimal way for the destruction of the waste. The first stage of the process is a treatment in temperature of the MCA in a solution of nitric acid leading to the dissolution of the matrix of the waste and the denaturation of the fibers of chrysotile which are present in 95 % of MCA. Two phases are then got back at the end of this treatment: a solid phase of pure silica and a liquid phase containing, in particular, calcium, magnesium and iron ions. If previous waste contains fibers of amphibole type (5 % of the MCA) they are then treated through a hydrothermal process in an autoclave containing a solution of soda. This stage leads to the complete dissolution of the waste. The basic solution containing some silicon is so got back. Various ways of valuations were then developed. The present ions in the acid solution are chemically sorted out by a selective precipitation of hydroxides. Another way consists in synthesizing a zeolite from the pure silica coming from the acid treatment and from the basic solution after hydrothermal treatment. The isotherms of adsorption of this synthesized zeolite were established to determine its capacity of adsorption of certain polluting metallic cations. To finish, a fundamental study was led on the nanotubes of silica obtained after the acid treatment of pure asbestos fibers and diverse applications of these nanotubes of silica were evoked
Charpentier, Nicolas. "Recyclage de déchets électroniques : tri et réutilisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF003.
Full textThis thesis presents the development of an innovative approach to the sorting and characterisation of electronic components in the context of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) recycling. By integrating advanced machine vision, multi-energy X-ray absorption spectroscopy and machine learning techniques, this study proposes a comprehensive and accurate sorting process. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of optical sorting based on machine vision coupled with sorting algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNN). This combination allows similar electronic components to be efficiently grouped together, making them easier to recycle. In addition to optical sorting, X-ray absorption spectroscopy is being introduced to overcome the limitations of optical sorting by providing crucial information on the elemental composition of electronic components.The integration of all these sorting methods into a single process, supported by the construction of a prototype, demonstrates the relevance of this approach. The overall process offers the opportunity not only to group similar electronic components efficiently, but also to significantly enrich the final streams with targeted elements, enabling the recovery of previously lost elements due to their low concentration in WEEE. This study opens the door to large-scale industrial application of the process, making it economically viable to recycle many elements of interest. And more importantly this approach that is compatible with today's challenges in WEEE recycling
Diaz, Rodrigo. "Etude d'un procédé de recyclage thermomécanique de déchets élastomères." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4085.
Full textThe recycling of rubber in the industry has become highly important due to environmental and financial reasons. A recycling approach is to devulcanize the rubber in order to reintroduce it as a raw material. This is a challenging process since the objective is to rupture the rubber network by breaking sulfur bridges without damaging the polymer chains. This work aims to study a devulcanization process known as “High Shear Mixing” (HSM). A machine was designed, built and instrumented with the purpose of studying the different phenomena occurring during the devulcanization process. During the treatment, the rubber is sheared between two cones with special geometries. During this shearing the treated rubber is self-heated, a cooling system prevents the rubber degradation due to excessive heat. The objectives were to better understand the process and the physics behind, to determine a process parameter to follow the rubber evolution and to optimize the treatment. Our analysis highlighted 2 parameters: the rubber temperature and the specific mechanical energy consumed during the process. This energy can be correlated to the degree of devulcanization of the rubber which is measured by means of physicochemical analyses. An optimal state of surface activation on the treated rubber was also described. A physical model of the rubber network evolution along the HSM treatment is proposed. To validate the recycling efficiency, the effect of adding different fractions of treated rubber in the same raw material formulation was tested. A Taguchi method was used to design formulations and HSM factors to be tested. Reformulated mixtures were vulcanized and rubber properties were analyzed
Castandet, Michel. "Recyclage et valorisation des déchets agricoles industriels et urbains." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES041.
Full textChanclou, Geneviève. "Rupture de chaînes polymères par oxydation contrôlée : application au recyclage des déchets élastomères." Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA1011.pdf.
Full textSchneider, François. "Analyse des réemplois, recyclages, valorisations de déchets par l'étude de systèmes cascade." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0132.
Full textThis PhD develops a new method for the global analysis of recoveries (including reuse, recycling and other waste recove1ies) applied to all types of physical entities (materials, energy, space). This method is designed to take into account the multiple cycles of resources and is called « Analysis of Recoveries with Cascade Systems » (ARCS). After a presentation of basic concepts, the existing methods for environmental analysis of recoveries are described (with a focus on the numerous LCA versions) and are compared with the ARCS method. The ARCS method is precisely described step by step and applied to a theoretical case study
Godin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
Full textMéar, François. "Étude de mousses de verres issus de Tubes à Rayons Cathodiques (TRC) en fin de vie contenant de l'oxyde de plomb : élaboration, caractérisations physicochimiques et applications." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20106.
Full textRakotondramanitra, Jean-Désiré. "Renforcement des sols par nappes de déchets de matières plastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10103.
Full textDaudon, Dominique. "Remblais allégés en déchets de matières plastiques : étude du procédé Plastbloc." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10035.
Full textAboulam, Smaïl. "Recherche d'une méthode d'analyse du fonctionnement des usines de tri-compostage des déchets ménagers : fiabilité des bilans matière." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000156/.
Full textThe assessment of a municipal solid waste composting plant aims at the realisation of the material balance and the analysis of the operation of the processing sequence. A precise material balance makes it possible to carry out a fine economic analysis. The method suggested is based on the analysis of each equipment before the establishment of the total assessment of the platform. That allows, in the event of insufficient output quality, to target the interventions and to improve the output without blaming the totality of the processing line. To arrive there, standardised methods of sampling and characterisation of municipal solid waste and compost were adapted to intermediate flows. A database, for the error analysis according to the formulas of Gy, is proposed and the software BILCO is used for the establishment of the statistically coherent material balance. During our work, we tested the equipments most used in composting plants : the composting area, the screens with average mesh from 20 to 50 mm and with finer mesh from 8 to 15 mm, the selective conveyor, the densimetric table and the rotating drum. All the equipments are tested in real size, in different plants, except the rotating drum and the average screen which were the subject of a study at the laboratory. A simulation of screening at 20 mm shows it is possible to detect the origin of the sampling errors made at the time of the analysis of this kind of equipment. A composting pilot of 750 l was worked out, to follow the loss of mass and the CO2, CH4, NH3 and N2O outputs, during composting in rotating drums. The results obtained by the tests on the experimental drum were validated on an industrial drum. The hypothesis of the conservation of the mineral matter during the composting and the accuracy of the total organic matter content determination (ignition loss at 550°C) were the subject of a parallel test. From the studied equipments, a standard processing line of municipal solid waste composting is proposed and a simulation of treatment of waste in a small Breton facility is carried out. An alternative of the processing line is proposed to adapt it to the socio-economic context of the developing countries
Lamolle, Vincent. "Etude de cisaillement intense de plastiques mélangés en vue d'applications au recyclage." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11068.
Full textMatheau, Annie. "Attitudes et comportements face aux déchets ménagers : activateurs et inhibiteurs psychologiques liés au comportement de tri : rôle des variables personnelles et situationnelles." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H042.
Full textDevigili, Pierre. "Séparation du zinc et du nickel en milieu chlorure concentré : application à la valorisation de déchets industriels liquides." Metz, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002METZ037S.
Full textThe importance of metal recycluig is increasing with economic and environmental 1 constraints. The subject of this work deals with the separation of nickel and zinc in a highly concentrated chloride medium. The final objective is industrial applications of a defined process for such effluents. The research carried out at the Laboratoire d'Electrochime des Matériaux was based on hydrometallurgic treatments directly transferable to factory sites. Several ways were investigated in relation with the industrial partner : the research centre of VIVENDI ENVIRONNEMENT. The h-st way concems the use of an anion exchanger (Cl forrn) to achieve the separation of the cations. This process is based on the highly concentrated chloride medium allowing the formation of anionic zinc chloro complexes. The method initially tested with a synthetic solution 1 was successfully applied to an industrial effluent. The obtained results were validated at pilot 1 scale. The process has been submitted by SARP INDUSTRIE (VIVENDI ENVIRONNEMENT) to be patented. An improvement of zinc elution mas proposed. Two different solutions were studied, one based on an original electrochemical process and the other using a chelating reagent. The other ways irnplement insolubilisation processes. The traditional separation by precipitation of one of the metals appears to be not very effective. The formation of superior nickel oxide is not directly selective, but good performances can be reached by additional treatment consisting in the sodic leachmg of zinc hydroxide fiom the solid compound
Gourson, Catherine. "Valorisation de polysaccharides contenus dans les céréales en vue de l'obtention de nouveaux matériaux biodégradables." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0034.
Full textDali-Braham, Madjid. "Renforcement des sols par des nappes d'éléments souples et discontinus : étude du procédé Plasterre." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10100.
Full textHenaut, Isabelle. "Étude de mélanges non compatibilisés de polyoléfines : Application au recyclage." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0781.
Full textAthaner, Romain. "Le service public d'enlèvement des déchets ménagers et son financement." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1096.
Full textBeir, Jean de. "Ressources environnementales et politiques d'incitation au recyclage." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010049.
Full textMessas, Tahar. "Etude des renforcements des sols par nappes discontinues en matières plastiques souples." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10280.
Full textMathias, Vincent. "Recyclage des fraisats d'enrobés dans les bétons routiers." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2113.
Full textPierron, Etienne. "Tarification et comportements des individus dans le contexte des déchets ménagers : évidence empirique et approche expérimentale." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1G003.
Full textOur work consisted to analyze the individuals behavior when they have to make the selective sorting of them household refuse and are constrained by tariff imposed by the local authority. Then our research stood out in three stages. The first one consisted in a empirical analysis of the tariff practices in the United States (the Unit Pricing), and in Europe Cemagref/Crem studie) ant to explain the results of the existing studies. In second part, we analyze the recycling behavior, and we noted that it includes several characteristics of a collective action. The analysis of the selective sorting like an collective action show us that the individuals can be brought to cooperate although the standard theory tell that no individual should participate. Finally, in the third part we use experimental economics, on one hand to isolate the impact of the environmental context on the choices of the agents and on the other hand to estimate how the introduction of tariff tools change households behavior
Mouawia, Ali. "Elaboration d'un procédé écologique autorisant la dégradation contrôlée de polydiènes en vue du recyclage de déchets d'élastomères." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2002.
Full textThis work is devoted to the development of an environmentally friendly method for the valuation of waste tire. This method is based on the degradation of tires natural rubber (NR) mainly composed of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI), to form telechelic polyisoprene, using the Ruthenium-catalyzed olefins metathesis reaction. The ionic liquid medium was chosen for this process to allow the easy recover of the product and to limit the toxic metal contamination of the product. The IL used in this study are cyphos 101 and [DOIM][Br]. The optimization of the reaction on the PI showed that cryogenic grinding is necessary and that the degradation could be controlled by the reaction time and the concentration of PI in the IL. Under these conditions, the catalytic ionic liquid phase could be reused up to 8 times in the degradation reaction of PI. This process allowed the synthesis of amino or acetate functionalized PI. Finally, this method was applied successfully to the degradation of waste tire
Barreteau, Hélène. "Recherche de molécules à activité antimicrobienne dans des coproduits végétaux issus des industries agroalimentaires." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0417.
Full textBaudry, Rachel. "Service public, filière industrielle, coûts sociaux du traitement des déchets ménagers : quelle place pour le recyclage ?" Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10062.
Full textBacou, Marie-Sophie. "Valorisation par la couleur de boues métallifères : application de la pyrominéralurgie aux boues de déchromation de l'industrie du cuir : synthèse d'un colorant à usage verrier." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT006G.
Full textMechling, Jean-Michel. "Formulation de bétons courants avec les grès du Luxembourg et les kieselguhrs usagés des brasseries." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0067_MECHLING.pdf.
Full textBezati, Feliks. "L’addition de traceurs dans les polymères : Une nouvelle voie spectroscopique par fluorescence X, pour l'identification rapide et le tri des matériaux plastiques." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0095/these.pdf.
Full textRare earth oxides can be used as tracers for the identification of polymer materials in order to have an economically efficient recycling and high speed automatic sorting of plastic wastes. This study focused on the detection of these particles by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and their effect on PP matrix with respect to thermal and mechanical properties and to photo-degradation under UV irradiation exposure. Addition of 1000 ppm of such particles, of micrometric size, has a minor effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of the traced materials as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. The SEM images together with the results obtained from image processing show a homogenous dispersion of tracers into PP matrix. Regarding their detection by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, experimental and modeling results have shown that the rare earth oxides studied could be detected in a range [100-1000 ppm] for 10 ms acquisition time
Amponsah, Nana Yaw. "Contribution à la théorie de l'éMergie : application au recyclage." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653840.
Full textDussud, Claire. "Caractérisation des communautés microbiennes associées à la colonisation des déchets plastiques en mer." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066254/document.
Full textThe increasing awareness on the impact of plastic pollution within the marine environment has stimulated countless of scientific studies. For the past decade, researchers have quantified plastic waste and assessed its fate at sea. It is estimated that more than 5.25 billion plastic particles float within the world’s oceans today. This PhD work is a result in part of this major environmental concern. It brings with it new knowledge about the marine bacterial communities that develop on plastic debris, also termed as the "plastisphere". The analysis of samples taken from the Tara-Mediterranean expedition allowed us, for the first time, to characterize, and quantify communities specific towards plastic biofilms in comparison to the communities attached to organic matter in surrounding seawater. Bacterial colonization and its evolution on different types of polymers was studied using microcosm experiments with open seawater circulation. The unusual coupling of biological and physicochemical data of plastic surfaces revealed a greater bacterial development on "biodegradable" polymers compared to conventional polymer types (especially hydrocarbonoclastic species). We showed that the composition of the polymer, together with its hydrophobicity and roughness, influences the diversity of bacterial communities during the early colonization steps. Finally, a greater bacterial biofilm activity (e.g. heterotrophic productions) was observed on polymer surfaces compared to seawater. Once again, differences according to plastic types have been observed. This present work highlights the existence of a new ecological niche on plastics that are distinct from the surrounding seawater
Dussud, Claire. "Caractérisation des communautés microbiennes associées à la colonisation des déchets plastiques en mer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066254.
Full textThe increasing awareness on the impact of plastic pollution within the marine environment has stimulated countless of scientific studies. For the past decade, researchers have quantified plastic waste and assessed its fate at sea. It is estimated that more than 5.25 billion plastic particles float within the world’s oceans today. This PhD work is a result in part of this major environmental concern. It brings with it new knowledge about the marine bacterial communities that develop on plastic debris, also termed as the "plastisphere". The analysis of samples taken from the Tara-Mediterranean expedition allowed us, for the first time, to characterize, and quantify communities specific towards plastic biofilms in comparison to the communities attached to organic matter in surrounding seawater. Bacterial colonization and its evolution on different types of polymers was studied using microcosm experiments with open seawater circulation. The unusual coupling of biological and physicochemical data of plastic surfaces revealed a greater bacterial development on "biodegradable" polymers compared to conventional polymer types (especially hydrocarbonoclastic species). We showed that the composition of the polymer, together with its hydrophobicity and roughness, influences the diversity of bacterial communities during the early colonization steps. Finally, a greater bacterial biofilm activity (e.g. heterotrophic productions) was observed on polymer surfaces compared to seawater. Once again, differences according to plastic types have been observed. This present work highlights the existence of a new ecological niche on plastics that are distinct from the surrounding seawater
Sadaka, Faten. "Etude de la dégradation contrôlée de polydiènes : application au recyclage des déchets pneumatiques." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA1029.pdf.
Full textThe overall aim of the work was to find a method to recycle waste tires rubber by chemical controlled degradation focusing on efficient methods easier to implement, with an appropriate cost for industrial development. Three methods are choosed: the degradations by potassium permanganate, by periodic acid and by metathesis. Given the complexity of the formulations of waste tires the study is first carried out on model molecules. The oligomer carbonyltelechelic derived from the degradation of polyisoprene (PI) or natural rubber (NR) with low molecular weight, SBR, NR and PI with high molecular weight are used as models. This modeling allows us to show the feasibility of degradation, the efficiency of the oxidizing agent or initiator and to determine the optimal conditions for the degradation reaction. The degradation of waste tires by the validated methods are then performed on crumb and granulates waste tires. The results of this work has been the subject of a patent PCT/FR2010/050292