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Journal articles on the topic 'Recurved parapet'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 15 February 2025

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1

Castellino, Myrta, Paolo De Girolamo, Viola Monaci, Alessandro Romano, and Javier L. Lara. "CONFINED-CREST IMPACT: THE INFLUENCE OF THE TOE BERM ON THE IMPULSIVE LOAD CONDITIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.17.

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Composite vertical breakwaters are coastal structures used to defend port basins from waves in intermediate and deep water conditions. In order to safely use the inner side of harbors, it is important to limit wave overtopping. Parapet walls are used for this purpose. To improve the hydraulic efficiency of the parapet wall with a fixed crown wall height, the wall can be shaped giving rise to a recurved overhand toward the sea. Its function is to deflect back the incident waves. Recently, it has been shown that the interaction between non-breaking waves and recurved parapet can induce impulsive pressures due to the confinement of the incident wave crest deflected seaward by the overhanging structure. The new physical phenomenon has been called “Confined-Crest Impact (C-CI)” as shown by Castellino et al. 2018. This physical phenomenon can induce “unexpected” structural failure (Dermentzoglou et al., 2020). More recently, Castellino et al. (2021) extended the Goda’s formulae, which define the maximum pressures along a vertical breakwater, considering the “C-CI” induced by the presence of a recurved parapet. The conducted studies have concerned a vertical breakwater without any berm at the toe of the caisson. The purpose of this research is to extend this last work to a composite vertical breakwater based on a foundation berm.
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2

Castellino, Myrta, Javier L. Lara, Alessandro Romano, Iñigo J. Losada, and Paolo De Girolamo. "WAVE LOADING FOR RECURVED PARAPET WALLS IN NON-BREAKING WAVE CONDITIONS: ANALYSIS OF THE INDUCED IMPULSIVE FORCES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.34.

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This paper describes 2-D numerical simulations aiming to reproduce the pressure impulse named confined-crest impact (Castellino et al., 2018), which occurs when a recurved parapet wall and non-breaking wave conditions are interacting. The simulations are carried out by using the IH2VOF and IHFOAM, the latter developed as OpenFOAM additional library. The results show a large increase of the pressures and forces value when the recurved part of the vertical parapet results completely occluded by the non-breaking wave crest. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to study the influence of the geometrical parameters (radius r and opening angle a). It has been found a low variability with respect to the radius increase (from 1.0 m to 2.0 m) and a higher influence related to the opening angle variation. Finally, the non-dimensional force component has been represented as a function of the hydraulic and geometrical parameters by means of the dimensionless product (l/h)*s. These parameters represent the overhang extension seaward of the parapet, the water depth and the wave steepness with reference to deep-water conditions.
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3

Dermentzoglou, Dimitrios, Myrta Castellino, Paolo De Girolamo, Maziar Partovi, Gerd-Jan Schreppers, and Alessandro Antonini. "Crownwall Failure Analysis through Finite Element Method." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010035.

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Several failures of recurved concrete crownwalls have been observed in recent years. This work aims to get a better insight within the processes underlying the loading phase of these structures due to non-breaking wave impulsive loading conditions and to identify the dominant failure modes. The investigation is carried out through an offline one-way coupling of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) generated wave pressure time series and a time-varying structural Finite Element Analysis. The recent failure of the Civitavecchia (Italy) recurved parapet is adopted as an explanatory case study. Modal analysis aimed to identify the main modal parameters such as natural frequencies, modal masses and modal shapes is firstly performed to comprehensively describe the dynamic response of the investigated structure. Following, the CFD generated pressure field time-series is applied to linear and non-linear finite element model, the developed maximum stresses and the development of cracks are properly captured in both models. Three non-linear analyses are performed in order to investigate the performance of the crownwall concrete class. Starting with higher quality concrete class, it is decreased until the formation of cracks is reached under the action of the same regular wave condition. It is indeed shown that the concrete quality plays a dominant role for the survivability of the structure, even allowing the design of a recurved concrete parapet without reinforcing steel bars.
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4

Ravindar, Rajendran, V. Sriram, Stefan Schimmels, and Dimitris Stagonas. "LARGE-SCALE AND SMALL-SCALE EFFECTS IN WAVE BREAKING INTERACTION ON VERTICAL WALL ATTACHED WITH LARGE RECURVE PARAPET." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 31, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.papers.22.

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Two sets of experiments on the vertical wall attached with recurve parapets performed at 1:1 and 1:8 scale are compared to study the influence of scale, model and laboratory effects. The small-scale (1:8) experiment scaled to large-scale (1:1) using Froude scaling, and Cuomo et al. (2010) method are compared. Comparing both the methods for scaling impact pressure, Cuomo et al. (2010) predicts well in the impact zone, whereas Froude scaling is better in the up-rushing zone. In estimating integrated impact force, Froude scaling method over-estimates compared to Cuomo et al. (2010). Overall, Cuomo et al. (2010) work better for scaling up impact pressure and forces compared to Froude scaling method. These preliminary observations are based on one type of recurved parapets only.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/w9WipBjMWzw
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5

Chen, Songtao, Weiwen Zhao, and Decheng Wan. "Numerical Study on Breaking Wave Interaction with Vertical Wall Attached with Recurved Parapet." International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2023.ak53.

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6

Zheng, Kaiyuan, and Xizeng Zhao. "Impact of Multiphase Flow Simulation of Breaking Waves on a Vertical Seawall with a Recurved Parapet." International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2023.ak54.

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7

Benoit, Michel, William Benguigui, Maria Teles, Fabien Robaux, and Christophe Peyrard. "Two-phase CFD Simulation of Breaking Waves Impacting a Coastal Vertical Wall with a Recurved Parapet." International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2023.sv03.

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8

Saincher, Shaswat, V. Sriram, R. Ravindar, Shiqiang Yan, Dimitris Stagonas, Stefan Schimmels, Zhihua Xie, et al. "Comparative Study on Breaking Waves Interaction with Vertical Wall Retrofitted with Recurved Parapet in Small and Large Scale." International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2023.jc890.

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9

Castellino, Myrta, Alessandro Antonini, Daniele Celli, Dimitrios Dermentzoglou, Davide Pasquali, Marcello Di Risio, and Paolo De Girolamo. "NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON OVERHANGING PARAPETS UNDER NON-BREAKING WAVE CONDITIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.85.

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Sea-wall and storm-wall structures aim to protect coastal areas and harbours from wave attacks. They are often located in the neighbours of city centres, that in turn impose rather severe visual limits affecting the maximum height of the structure. To combine the architectonical visual restrictions and the overtopping safety limits, imposed by different national standards, alternative solutions such as recurved parapet are often applied. Even for non-breaking wave conditions, these structures are subjected to large impulsive pressure that has been recently described and named as Confined-Crest impact, (C-CI, Castellino et al., 2018). The C-CI has been the cause of recent failures such as in the Civitavecchia harbour (Italy, Castellino et al., 2021 and Dermentzoglou et al., 2020). Accordingly, this phenomenon raised the attention of researchers and professionals who require an additional tool to design these curvilinear structures by considering the overtopping reduction performance, the structure complexity and the C-CI.
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10

Antonini, Alessandro, Dimitrios Dermentzoglou, Ermano de Almeida, Bas Hofland, Daniele Celli, Davide Pasquali, Marcello di Risio, Myrta Castellino, and Paolo de Girolamo. "PHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS ON OVERHANGING PARAPETS UNDER NON-BREAKING WAVE CONDITIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.81.

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The use of sea-wall and storm-wall structures within valuable landscape or urban areas often imposes rather restrictive limits in terms of structures height. A viable solution to address the safety against overtopping and the architectonical requirements is the use of recurved parapets. However, this type of structure is exposed to large impulsive loads that have been recently described and named as confined-crest impact, (C-CI), (Castellino et al., 2018) and caused several failures such as those in Strand (South Africa), Pico Island (Portugal) and Civitavecchia (Italy), (Castellino et al., 2021; Dermentzoglou et al., 2020; Martinelli et al., 2018). Accordingly, tools to properly design these curvilinear structures and to carry out comparative assessments between the induced advantage in terms of overtopping and increased structural complexity due to its shape and the C-CI are required. This work aims to identify practical design tools and provide benchmark data for the validation of the CFD model presented in the abstract n. 1643: “Castellino et al., Numerical experiments on overhanging parapets under non-breaking wave conditions”. A series of non-breaking regular and irregular waves experiments have been performed at the TU Delft Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory to investigate the contrasting behaviour of the overtopping phenomena and the exerted impulsive wave load on recurved parapets.
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11

Castellino, M., P. Sammarco, A. Romano, L. Martinelli, P. Ruol, L. Franco, and P. De Girolamo. "Large impulsive forces on recurved parapets under non-breaking waves. A numerical study." Coastal Engineering 136 (June 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.01.012.

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12

Li, Qian, Shiqiang Yan, Yi Zhang, Ningbo Zhang, Qingwei Ma, and Zhihua Xie. "Numerical Modelling of Breaking Wave Impacts on Seawalls with Recurved Parapets Using qaleFOAM." International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2023.sv05.

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13

UCHIDA, Yoshifumi, Susumu OGURA, Takaaki KITOU, Kenji NISHIO, Takanori MORIKAWA, and Susumu IKEO. "Experimental Study on Wave Overtopping Quantity Characteristic of Sloping Revetment with Recurved Parapets (Part2)." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 68, no. 2 (2012): I_731—I_735. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.68.i_731.

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14

Castellino, Myrta, Alessandro Romano, Javier L. Lara, Iñigo J. Losada, and Paolo De Girolamo. "Confined-crest impact: Forces dimensional analysis and extension of the Goda's formulae to recurved parapets." Coastal Engineering 163 (January 2021): 103814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103814.

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15

Martinelli, L., P. Ruol, M. Volpato, C. Favaretto, M. Castellino, P. De Girolamo, L. Franco, A. Romano, and P. Sammarco. "Experimental investigation on non-breaking wave forces and overtopping at the recurved parapets of vertical breakwaters." Coastal Engineering 141 (November 2018): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.08.017.

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16

Ravindar, Rajendran, Sriram V, Stefan Schimmels, and Dimitris Stagonas. "Approaches in Scaling Small-Scale Experiments on the Breaking Wave Interactions with a Vertical Wall Attached with Recurved Parapets." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 147, no. 6 (November 2021): 04021034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000674.

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17

Harish, S., V. Sriram, Holger Schüttrumpf, and S. A. Sannasiraj. "Tsunami-like Flow-Induced Forces on the Landward Structure behind a Vertical Seawall with and without Recurve Using OpenFOAM." Water 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14131986.

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It is more common to introduce the parapet/recurve/wave return wall over the existing structure, such as a vertical seawall or composite structure, to reduce the overtopping efficiently. The advantage of a recurve wall on top of the sea wall has been studied in the past in regards to wave interaction and overtopping. However, their efficiency in protecting the inland structure during extreme events such as flooding during a tsunami is unexplored. The present study addresses the effect of a vertical seawall with recurve in reducing the dam break surge simulating tsunami-induced forces on an inland structure. The study compares the momentum transferred on the landward structure behind a Vertical seaWall (VW) and a vertical wall with the Large ReCurve on the top (LRC) during overtopped conditions. The outcome from the numerical simulation shows an insignificant contribution due to the LRC in reducing the force on the inland structure compared to the VW, albeit delaying the impact time. However, the LRC performed slightly better in the case of a low-rise wall located near the inland structure than the VW. Furthermore, a low-rise VW increases the force and overturning moment on the inland structure compared to no-wall conditions. Both the LRC and the VW reduced the horizontal force on the structure linearly with the increase in height. An exponential decrease in the overturning moment was observed on the landward structure with the increase in the height of the VW or the LRC. Design equations are proposed for the forces and overturning moment reduction based on the height of the VW or the LRC.
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18

Ravindar, Rajendran, Venkatachalam Sriram, and Md Salauddin. "Numerical modelling of breaking wave impact loads on a vertical seawall retrofitted with different geometrical configurations of recurve parapets." Journal of Water and Climate Change, September 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.211.

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Abstract Experiments are the traditional techniques used in coastal engineering to study complex wave structure interactions. However, with the advent of high-performance computing, even performing 1:1 scale numerical simulations has become a reality. The progress aids in extending the parametric investigation or repeating the procedure for comparable structures. In this study, a numerical model in OpenFOAM® with waves2Foam wave boundary conditions is used to simulate wave structure interactions at seawalls with varied geometrical configurations of recurved parapets. The numerical model is validated by employing ForschungsZentrum Küste (FZK)'s large-scale (1:1) experiments. The validated model is then applied to the plain parapet and vertical wall to understand better overtopping behaviour, pressure distribution, and structural loads. Numerical modelling is used in this study to visualise and assess intrinsic parameters such as the velocity profile, vorticity, air entrapment, and entrainment better to understand the dissipation characteristics of seawalls with recurved parapets.
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19

CASTELLINO, MYRTA, JOHN ALDERSON, THIERRY RAULT, GABRIELE P. LANZA, ANGELO CABRA, PIERLUIGI Russo, FABIO CAPOZZI, MARCO DEL BIANCO, and PAOLO DE GIROLAMO. "Experimental Comparison Of The Hydraulic Performance Of Overhanging And Vertical Parapets Under Limited Wave Breaking Conditions: The Case Of The New Offshore Ravenna Lng Terminal (It)." CoastLab 2024: Physical Modelling in Coastal Engineering and Science, May 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/coastlab.2024.786.

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Harbors play a pivotal role in global trade, serving as vital gateways for the transportation of goods, fostering economic growth. These essential coastal infrastructures are subjected to relentless forces (e.g. wave action, storm surges, and sea level variation induced by climate change) which can jeopardize their functionality and safety. Safe working conditions are mandatory for the operability of all kinds of harbors. However, particular attention must be paid in the case of terminals dedicated to dangerous goods, as for example Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Composite vertical breakwaters may be efficiently used to protect this kind of terminal and have both advantages and disadvantages over rubble mound breakwaters. This work presents the results of a 2D experimental campaign carried out to optimize, from a hydraulic point of view, the parapet wall of the new composite vertical breakwater that will be built to protect the new offshore LNG terminal located in in the North Adriatic Sea in the South-East of the Port of Ravenna (Italy). In particular, two types of parapets walls have been compared: one overhanging (recurved in the shape of one fourth of a circumference with a ray of one meter) and one vertical. For each type of parapets, three different heights were evaluated for a total of six different configurations. The typical water depth in the area where the new terminal will be built is approximately -15.0 m with respect to the MSL and the total range of the astronomical tides does not exceed one metre. The terminal is located about 8.0 km far from the coast and is positioned on a very mild seabed foreshore slope of less than 0.05°
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20

IRIAS MATA, MARISOL, and MARCEL R.A. VAN GENT. "Hybrid Modelling Of Wave Overtopping At Rubble Mound Breakwaters." CoastLab 2024: Physical Modelling in Coastal Engineering and Science, April 30, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/coastlab.2024.710.

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Wave overtopping at rubble mound structures is one of the most important phenomena affecting the hydraulic performance of these coastal structures. In addition to the design of coastal structures, also the climate adaptation of coastal structures has become more important due to sea level rise. Adding a crest wall to an existing structure, increasing the height of a crest wall, adding a berm, or increasing the width or height of a berm, can be effective measures to account for effects of sea level rise. For this purpose, the individual effects of a crest walls and a berm need to be predicted, but also the combination of both (see for instance Van Gent, 2019, and Van Gent and Teng, 2023). Wave overtopping estimates are generally based on physical modelling in wave flumes and wave basins. Numerical modelling of wave overtopping provides additional opportunities to examine wave overtopping for a wide variety of structure geometries. The combination of physical modelling with numerical modelling is referred to as hybrid modelling. To provide design guidelines for rubble mound structures with a crest wall and for structures with a berm in the seaward slope, Van Gent et al (2022) provides design guidelines based on physical model tests. Numerical modelling provides opportunities to examine wave overtopping at structures with a crest wall and a berm to further extend guidelines for the design and (climate) adaptation of rubble mound structures. In Irías Mata and Van Gent (2023) guidelines based on physical modelling have been extended based on numerical modeling with OpenFOAM to examine the influence of several aspects such as the wave steepness, crest wall and recurved parapet, berm, and structure slope on wave overtopping at rubble mound breakwaters. Although the present work focusses on wave overtopping, also forces on crest walls have been examined using the applied numerical model, see for instance Jacobsen et al, 2018, and Irías Mata et al, 2023.
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