Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rectum – Cancer – Aspect immunologique'
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El, Sissy Carine. "Analyse de la composante immunitaire des cancers colorectaux et de son impact potentiel sur les stratégies thérapeutiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS404.pdf.
Full textIn this work, I analyzed the quality of the immune infiltrate of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and showed that an adaptation of the Immunoscore test to diagnostic biopsies (ISB: tumor infiltration in T cells CD3+ and CD8+) was feasible. In two cohorts (n1=131, n2=118) of LARC patients treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) before surgery, I observed that the quality of the immune infiltrate, assessed by ISB, had a prognostic value in terms of recurrence-free survival [HR= 0.21; 95%CI 0.06-0.78, P=0.009], and was predictive of the quality of the response to nRCT (P<0.001). Tumor transcriptomic and protein analyses showed heterogeneity in local immune response to nCRT. A significant increase in the expression level of genes involved in cytotoxicity (GZMA, GZMH, GZMK, PRF-1), Th1 response (TBX21, STAT4), activation (CD69) and inhibitory costimulation (CTLA-4, LAG3) was observed in responder patients. The post-nCRT immune activation status correlated with the initial ISB. ISB coupled with post-nRCT imaging improves the prediction of histological complete response to nRCT, and thus the selection of patients eligible for an organ preservation strategy (Watch&Wait, W&W). In 2 independent cohorts of W&W patients, a High ISB predicted a low risk of recurrence at 5 years (3%; CI95% 0-10%). Finally, we showed that nRCT responder patients could show evidence of adaptive T and B immune stimulation, highlighting the immune benefit of organ (and draining lymph node) preservation in the nRCT response setting
Rigaud, Jacques. "Alimentation et cancer colo-rectal : résultats de l'enquête cas-témoins menée en 1985-1987 au C.R.C.L. de Montpellier." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11179.
Full textMahboub-Roy, Yasmina. "Anomalies génétiques des cancers colorectaux et leur détermination en pratique médicale : étude de faisabilité." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M012.
Full textFalvelly, Diane de. "Réponse immunitaire, sida et cancer: rôle du stress oxydant et des vitamines anti-oxydantes." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P131.
Full textMênard, Jean-Christophe. "Le syndrome de Lynch : aspects génétiques du cancer colorectal : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M003.
Full textBourgaux, Jean-François. "Les anticorps anti-P53 : utilisation dans le suivi de cancers colo-rectaux opérés : étude de 41 cas." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11045.
Full textKamate, Caroline. "Influence de la réaction inflammatoire sur la progression tumorale : le modèle du mastocytome murin P815." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30188.
Full textNorat-Soto, Teresa. "Le rôle de la consommation de viandes, charcuteries et poissons dans l’étiologie de cancer du côlon et du rectum : résultats de l’Etude Prospective Européenne sur la Nutrition et le Cancer (EPIC)." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3094/.
Full textLe, Bonniec Alice. "Les déterminants psychosociaux de la participation au dépistage du cancer colorectal : enjeux de l’arrivée du nouveau test immunologique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30014/document.
Full textIntroductionColorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in France (HAS, 2013) but also the third most common cancer (INCa, 2014). An organized screening programme has been put in place since 2008, but participation rates remain low: 33.5% in France (Santé Publique France, 2018). According to the literature, the main barriers to participation in screening are the lack of confidence in the health care system (Clavarino et al, 2004) ; embarrassment, discomfort and dissatisfaction accompanying testing procedures (Varela et al, 2010); or lack of time. Finally, the lack of general practitioners’ recommendations is one of the most significant obstacles (Walsh et al, 2010, Powell et al, 2009). The Hemoccult II test, used as part of organized screening until March 2015, was replaced by a new immunological test, considered more sensitive, more specific and more reliable by the medical community (INCa, 2014).Objectives and methodFaced with the low screening rates and main obstacles identified in the literature, this thesis aims at analyzing the determinants of screening participation, with both patient and general practitioner points of view. Moreover, it appears necessary to evaluate issues with the arrival of the new immunological test.This doctoral work is based on the technique of triangulation (theoretical, methodological and data triangulation). More precisely, two validated and recognized theoretical frameworks in health and social psychology were employed, namely the Theory of Social Representations (Moscovici, 1984), and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen et al, 1991), allowing the adoption of a comprehensive approach as well as a predictive approach to studying screening participation. Three studies have been set up:- A qualitative study through semi-structured interviews, conducted with 17 general practitioners, aimed at understanding their social representations of colorectal cancer screening and how it can be anchored in their practice of recommendation;- A qualitative study by focus groups, conducted with 29 participants from the general population. The objective was to apprehend their social representations of colorectal cancer screening as well as the obstacles and facilitators to screening participation.- A quantitative study by questionnaire, including 160 participants from the general population, endeavours to identify the key predictors of colorectal cancer screening intention and behaviour.Main resultsThe analysis of interviews revealed an inconsistency between the role general practitioners think they should play with patients in prevention and screening, and the reality of their practice which leaves them insufficient time to devote to it. The focus group analysis revealed that the main barriers to participation in screening are: the lack of accessibility of the test (needing to consult the general practitioner in order to obtain the screening kit), a low concern for prevention, but also the fact that colorectal cancer refers to a body part that is deemed taboo, and considered “dirty”. Finally, the analysis of questionnaires allowed the identification of several variables influencing intention and behaviour of screening, namely: previous screening behaviour, frequency of screening, denial, social proximity, social norms and perceived behavioural control. Analysis particularly emphasized the value of perceived behavioural control, which can directly influence behaviour without going through intention.ConclusionResults reveal the relevance of combining a comprehensive approach with a predictive approach. Our perspectives suggest the implementation of interventions aimed at improving the perceived level of control of the general population faced with this screening
Ostankovitch, Marina. "Immunité anti-tumorale et perspectives d'immunothérapie." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P182.
Full textSantarelli, Raphaelle. "Charcuteries et cancérogenèse colorectale : additifs alimentaires et procédés de fabrication inhibant la promotion chez le rat." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/972/.
Full textConsumption of cured meat is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. The aim of this thesis was (i) to validate this promotive in a rodent model and (ii) to find compounds that inhibit this promoting effect. A pork shoulder, rich in heam, cured with nitrited salt, cooked and oxidized (5d in a fridge) promoted preneoplasic lesions in dimethylhydrazine-initiated rat. This promotion was associated high level of fecal N-nitroso compounds. When diet was added with calcium carbonate, or when cured meat was added with a-tocopherol, meat-induced promotion was inhibited. Besides, hot dog sausage promotes preneoplasic lesions in rats, and dietary calcium inhibited this promotion. We think cancer incidence could be reduced by increasing calcium intake, or by changing cured meat process
Senesse, Pierre. "Alimentation et cancérogénèse colorectale : de l'adénome au cancer." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON1T018.
Full textRomain, Benoît. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires impliqués dans la formation des niches métastatiques dans le cancer colorectal : intérêt d’une inhibition ciblée des axes mTOR/HIF-1 alpha et CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ081.
Full textDespite the recent development of new targeted chemotherapies, metastatic colorectal cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in western countries. A better understanding of metastatic process would improve survival. Since the role of mTOR/HIF1α and CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axes in metastasis formation, our objectives were: i) to analyze extensively CXCL12 status in a collection of polyps and colon tumors whatever stages and phenotypes; ii) to study the role of hypoxia in CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling pathway in vitro and on tumor cells migration. We have shown that the CXCL12 extinction is a systematic early event during colorectal carcinogenesis. CXCL12 loss expression may be regulated by histone acetylation mechanism. There is a differential CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in colon tumors. Increased CXCR7 expression in metastasis compared to early stages underlines the importance of this axis in metastatic process. We have shown for the first time that CXCR4 expression remained stabilized at the cell membrane 24 hours after a transient passage in hypoxia. It could explain circulating cells are attracted in metastatic niches under CXCL12 gradient. Drug combinations with chalcone and irinotecan are an original approach for inhibiting cell migration in vitro. Finally, we have initiated the development of a metastatic model of colon cancer with orthotopic colon human tumors xenograft in NUDE mice to test new therapeutic approaches in vivo
Domblides, Charlotte. "Identification des mécanismes immunométaboliques impliqués dans l’activation des lymphocytes T γδ tissulaires humains dans le cancer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0441.
Full textGamma delta (γδ) T cells are sentinels of the intestinal barrier, protecting the host from aggressions. In cancer, they have a crucial role in immunosurveillance and the stromal infiltration of γδ T cells is the more important prognostic factor among all immune cells. Indeed, this population could be an interesting therapeutic target in oncoimmunology. The activation of γδ T cells is tightly regulated by several cytokines and especially interleukin-18 (IL-18). IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine corresponding to the most powerful soluble activator of γδ T cells, involved in tissue homeostasis in the epithelial barriers. It is secreted through the activation of the inflammasome, a cytosolic complex consisting in Nod-Like Receptors (NLRs). However, in vitro, some cancer cell lines do not secrete IL-18, probably due to a loss of expression and/or activation of inflammasome components. We have assessed the protein expression in vivo of inflammasome components, and their correlation with clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients. The expression was evaluated in 104 colorectal tumours, matched with normal tissue for each patient, through an immunofluorescence assay on a tissue micro-array (TMA). We also performed a cytokeratin staining to assess the expression of each components specifically in epithelial cells from tumour or normal tissue. We showed a decreased expression of all inflammasome components, including caspase-1 and cytokines, in the tumour epithelium compared to normal tissue. However, only the expressions of NLRC4, NLRP6 or IL-18 were associated to a more aggressive disease and to a worse outcome. Furthermore, combined downregulation of these 3 components was correlated to a poor prognosis. Indeed, only 22.2% of patients NLRC4low/NLRP6low/IL-18low were still alive after 5 years, versus 85.2% for NLRC4high/NLRP6high/IL18high patients. Furthermore, the downregulation of NLRC4 and IL-18 was associated with a decreased immune infiltration especially for CD3 positive T cells. We also showed in vitro that NLRC4 reexpression was associated to a decreased proliferation of metastatic colon cancer cell line. Finally, at a transcriptomic level, the expression of NLRC4 in these cell lines was correlated to an interferon type I signature. All these results show that the downregulation of NLRC4, NLRP6 and IL-18 by tumour cells could constitute a resistance mechanism to the antitumor immune response and seems to be an important prognostic factor. The activation of γδ T cells could also been regulated by molecules that are not cytokines, depending on tumour metabolism. Indeed, we showed that the activation of AMPK in colon cancer cell lines induced the expression of the stress antigen receptor EphA2, recognised by human γδ T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the in vitro induction of AMPK activation favoured the released of small soluble molecules that modulate the immune response. Indeed, after several chromatography of the supernatant from reprogrammed cancer cell lines, we have identified a peptide that is able to inhibit the activation of B cells in an in vitro model. We are trying to identify the mechanisms underlying this inhibition. In conclusion, we have identify potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment, alone or in association with chemotherapies and/or immunotherapies. This could help to improve antitumor immune response and patient outcomes
Mouasni, Sara. "Implication de l'inflammasome NLRP3 dans la sécrétion non conventionnelle de la protéine FADD The classical NLRP3 inflammasome controls FADD unconventional secretion through microvesicle shedding FADD at the crossroads between cancer and inflammation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB121.
Full textFADD (FAS-Associated Death Domain) is a key adaptor protein of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. FADD is also implicated in other types of cell death, but also in survival mechanisms, proliferation and cell cycle progression. Therefore, FADD is a regulator of life and death and a change of its expression can have dramatic physiopathological consequences. For instance, the team has showed that FADD protein expression can be lost in lung cancer biopsies. This loss is correlated with FADD protein secretion in the extracellular compartment. Since this secretion is associated with tumor development and aggressiveness, it is important to decipher the molecular mechanisms behind this process. Besides its role in tumorigenesis, FADD is also involved in innate immunity and inflammation. Indeed, FADD participates to the canonical, non-canonical and alternative pathways of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This inflammasome is a large multiprotein complex composed of the sensor protein NLRP3, the adaptor protein ASC and the pro-caspase-1. This complex assembles in response to stress or danger signals. This leads to the activation of inflammatory responses mediated by caspase-1, such as cleavage and unconventional secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b). The NLRP3 inflammasome is largely implicated in the development and progression of several chronic inflammatory rheumatisms like gout and, more recently, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Proteins of the NLRP3 complex such as ASC and caspase-1 can be co-secreted with IL-1b following the NRLP3 inflammasome activation. Since FADD participates to the complex, the aims of my thesis were to study the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the FADD secretion process; to characterize the secretion pathway(s) implicated; and to determine if this secretion can occur in vivo during the course of chronic inflammatory rheumatisms. For this study, we used the THP-1 human monocytic cell line that is an established model for inflammasome studies. We showed that FADD protein is secreted following cell stimulation with activators of the canonical (nigericin, ATP, crystals) and non-canonical (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) but not alternative (lipopolysaccharide) NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Furthermore, this FADD secretion process requires potassium efflux. Using CRIPSR/Cas9 technology, we showed that FADD secretion also requires NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 proteins. Moreover, we have identified FADD as a new member of the unconventionally secreted protein family. Indeed, FADD is secreted in plasma membrane-derived microvesicles but not in exosomes. These microvesicles also contain IL-1b, NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 proteins. In a more physiopathological context, we showed that blood-derived primary monocytes from healthy donors secrete FADD following canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and this secretion is enhanced using monocytes from RA-suffering patients. In addition, high concentration of FADD protein is detected in the sera from RA patients (ESPOIR cohort) as compared to sera from healthy donors. In this cohort, sera concentration of FADD is correlated with patient's joint bone erosion progression. Moreover, high concentration of FADD is also detected locally in the synovial fluid from RA-, gout- but not osteoarthritis (a poorly inflammatory disease)-suffering patients. This concentration is positively correlated with the inflammatory status of the joint. Thus, secreted FADD protein can be a new marker of joint inflammation in these pathologies
Jiguet-Jiglaire, Carine. "Influence de la présence d’un mélanome de type b16 sur le recrutement de cellules immunitaires par voie sanguine chez la souris mus musculuse." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30261.
Full textTumor can induce perturbations in the immune system. My PhD studies showed that recruitment of naïve lymphocytes is impaired in tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs). Intravital microscopy analysis of the tumor-draining LNs revealed that this effect is associated with an important defect in lymphocyte adhesion in the HEVs, and a decreased of the CCL21 chemokine. This defect of recruitment is extendable to the others secondary lymphoid organs. I investigated tumor effects on the different subsets of immune cells recruited into the LNs through HEVs. I found that in tumor-draining LNs, recruitment of T cells and B cells subsets was differently affected with a similar weak alteration of homing in both populations but a more pronounced decrease of sticking in HEVs for the B cell subset. Finally, preliminary experiments indicate that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), another immune cell population entering LNs through HEVs, appear to be recruited more actively in the presence of a tumor
Hollecker, Laurent. "5-fluorouracile et 5-fluorocytosine : synthèse et étude de dérivés nucléosidiques et pronucléotidiques à visées antitumorale et antivirale." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20113.
Full textFaury, Stéphane. "Détresse psychologique, image du corps et qualité de vie des patients atteints d’un cancer du rectum traités par chirurgie avec stomie temporaire : construction et mise à l’épreuve d’une intervention psycho-sociale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0245.
Full textWhile the standard treatment for rectal cancer (neoadjuvant treatment with rectal excision) has spared neither the psyche nor the body, few studies have focused on psychosocial adjustment of patients who have received this treatment. Following treatment, the body is often perceived as deviating from the norm, generating feelings of shame. The first objective of this thesis was to adapt, and validate, for the French population, a body image shame scale. The second step consisted in comparing body image shame, quality of life, body image, and psychological distress between rectal cancer patients treated by surgery with temporary stoma or local excision (a new treatment approach proposed for patients with rectal cancer after a good clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy). Since standard treatment leads to more psychosocial problems, in a third study, we examined the effects of standard treatment on psychological distress and body image. The temporary stoma period represents a specific time during which patients seem to temporarily suspend their lives. Thus, the fourth study of this thesis investigated how the role of time perspective might act as a determinant of quality of life for rectal cancer patients. The time perspective construct provides keys in order to improve quality of life of rectal cancer patients. Quality of life alterations persist several months after the end of treatments but, to date, few studies have focused on this topic. The fifth goal was to assess colorectal cancer survivors’ quality of life two years after diagnosis of colorectal cancer according to their stoma status (reversed or never formed). Participants with a reversed stoma score lower on the physical quality of life scale than participants without stoma. Patients with rectal cancer experience psychosocial challenges. To deal with these challenges, psychosocial interventions focused on emotional needs of rectal cancer patients treated by standard treatment should be proposed. There is a lack of this type of intervention for this population. The sixth purpose was to develop and test a psychosocial intervention which seems to be more in line with a preventive approach. Taken together, these works may contribute to improve the support offered to these patients, even though the importance of promoting research to deal with the psychosocial challenges of this treatment must be underlined
Giraldo-Castillo, Nicolas. "The Immune Microenvironment in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma : The heterogeneous immune contextures accompanying CD8+ T cell infiltration in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066321/document.
Full textTo decipher the potential mechanisms linking increased CD8+ T cell infiltration with an adverse clinical outcome in ccRCC, in this study we determined: 1) the prognosis associated with the expression of immune checkpoints and its coordination with dendritic cell (DC) and CD8+ cell infiltration, and 2) the phenotypic traits of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The prognosis associated with CD8+ and DC infiltrations, in addition to the expression of immune checkpoints were investigated in a cohort of 135 ccRCC by quantitative immunohistochemistry. We found that the densities of CD8+, PD-1+ and LAG-3+ cells were closely correlated, and independently associated with decreased PFS and OS. In addition, patients whose tumors presented both high densities of PD-1+ cells and PD-L1+ and/or L2+ tumor cells, displayed the worst clinical outcome. High densities of immature DC isolated in the tumour stroma were associated with high expression of immune checkpoints and patients’ poor clinical outcome. In contrast, the presence of mature DC within Tertiary Lymphoid Structures identified, among the tumours with high CD8+-TIL densities, those with low expression of immune checkpoints and prolonged survival. We also investigated the phenotype of freshly isolated CD8+TIL in 21 ccRCC by flow cytometry. We found a group tumors (8/21) characterised by the over-expression of inhibitory (PD-1 and TIM-3) and activation markers (CD69 and CD38), the expansion of the effector memory cell subpopulation (CCR7-CD45RA-), and a trend toward more aggressive features. In summary, we demonstrated that the infiltration with CD8+ TIL in ccRCC is accompanied by the enhanced expression of immune checkpoints and a poorly coordinated immune response in a subgroup of aggressive tumors
L'Hermitte, Antoine. "Rôle de LECT2 dans le microenvironnement immunitaire au cours de la cancérogènese hépatique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS360/document.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second cause of cancer-rel ated death worldwide. Several studies highlighted the tumor microenvironment (TEM) as a key player in cancer from initiation to progression steps of tumorigenesis. Using relevant HCC mouse models, our team identified the chemokine-like LECT2 as a critical actor of liver TEM in the control of tumor aggressiveness.The aim of my thesis was to address functionally the role of LECT2 in the immune microenvironment during HCC.Using mouse models, we observed that the absence of LECT2 induces a significant accumulation of myeloid cells in the TEM. We showed that these myeloid cells were immature, harbored strong immunosuppressive capabilities on T cells and expressed a transcriptional program sustaining tumor progression. Interestingly, the accumulation of these actors in the microenvironment is associated with the emergence of poorly differentiated tumor nodules expressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition / progenitor / metastasis markers.Mechanistically, we demonstrated that LECT2-deficient hepatocytes in the context of β-catenin activation were able to perform EMT like WT hepatocytes do after TGF-β1 challenge. In co-culture experiments, we demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in the absence of LECT2 have a strong ability to induce hepatocyte EMT.Finally, we analyzed the expression of LECT2 in a vast cohort of HCC liver samples and found that downregulation of LECT2 expression strongly correlates with 1) - the presence of vascular invasion, 2) – histological grade and 3) - the presence of inflammatory infiltrates.Altogether, our data demonstrate that LECT2 acts as a strong regulator of liver tumor aggressiveness through its dual action on hepatocytes and impact on the function of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells. This work identifies LECT2 as a new biomarker for HCC and pave the way to new therapeutic strategies
Florez, Corredor Laura Maria. "Découverte du rôle trophique des lymphocytes T régulateurs mémoire résidents du tissu utérin pendant la grossesse." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066642.
Full textRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play a role during early pregnancy locally in the uterus and systemically, in the secondary lymphoid organs and blood. In the uterine tissue, I identified a novel population of tissue-resident effectors-memory regulatory T cells (uregTrm). Before pregnancy, uregTrm have a unique transcriptional profile and phenotype in response to the uterine microenvironment. During early pregnancy, uregTrm expand and express new genes implicated in trophic functions such as extracellular matrix remodeling, hypoxia and vasculogenesis. uregTrm trophic function was compared to the mechanisms developed by Tregs from melanoma tumour infiltrate. In the secondary lymphoid organs and blood, circulating Tregs contribute to successful pregnancy by promoting maternal-fetal tolerance. We showed that these Tregs orchestrate down regulation of immune responses in the early pregnant uterus. Besides, Tregs act in three stages. First, self-specific uregTrm and draining lymph nodes Tregs rapidly contain an autoimmune response that could have been triggered by release of cell debris due to the endometrium tissue high proliferation. Second, uregTrm contribute to the increased need of uterine tissue remodeling for placentation. In a third stage, accompanying the fetal mass increase, inducible Tregs help to control the anti-fetal immune response. This further highlights the specialization of Tregs in tissues and underline the relevance of Tregs during pregnancy and disease
Beziaud, Laurent. "Impact des inhibiteurs de la voie mTOR sur la réponse immunitaire T anti-tumorale." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3002.
Full textThe mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in the regulation of cell growth andmetabolism, and is involved in oncogenesis. Everolimus and temsirolimus are two mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) approvedfor renal and breast carcinoma treatments. However, accumulating evidence highlights a central role for mTOR pathwayin T cell immunity. We showed that 21 out of 23 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients under everolimus treatmenthad an increase of Tregs atter everolimus treatment. Paradoxically, strong antitumor Th 1 responses were detected andthen greatly decreased at the time of disease progression when high expansion of Tregs occurred. Furthermore, weidentified three immune groups based on the early modulation of both Treg and anti-tumor Thl cells and found thatpatients with {low Tregs plus high anti-tumor Thl cells} showed the best survival. In vitro, mTORi-exposed Tregs highlysuppressed T cell proliferation and Thl-associated cytokines production. We showed in vivo that T cells depletiondifferentially modulated the antitumor efficacy of mTORi. Although anti-mTOR effect was loss in B16-OVA-bearingmice lacking CD8 T cells, CD4 T depletion increased mTORi efficacy. The studies conducted in mice demonstratedthat the presence of Tregs in vivo altered the responses to mTORi via a mechanism involving the inhibition of antitumorCD8 T cell responses. Finally the efficacy of mTORi was improved by combination with Tregs depleting agents andvaccines. Altogether, our results describe for the first time a dual impact of host adaptive antitumor T cell immunity onthe clinical effectiveness of mTQRi and prompt their association with immunotherapies
Spehner, Laurie. "Caractérisation des réponses immunitaires périphériques des cancers épithéliaux exprimant les papillomavirus humains." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE011.
Full textThe increased incidence and the lack of therapeutic resources for non-operable forms of HPV+ cancer patients constitutes a major challenge. High immunosurveillance in HPV-associated tumors and the presence of viral antigens associated with oncogenesis of these cancers should focus on the development of immunotherapy strategies such as anti-tumor vaccination and adoptive transfer of TILs. These technological advances encourage a better understanding of immune responses in these pathologies and aim to develop strategies combining immunotherapies for the treatment of all HPV-related cancers. We first looked for tumor antigens associated with the prognosis of patients with anal canal cancer. The patients were treated with a combination of chemotherapy whose therapeutic benefit was demonstrated by our team. Monitoring specific T-immune responses in the peripheral blood of these patients has shown that telomerase is a tumor antigen associated with SCCA; and moreover that the presence of Telomerase-specific LT Th1 is a predictor of progression-free survival at 12 months. Our data also highlighted the influence of M-MDSC on the T-specific immune responses of our antigens as well as on the survival of patients with SCCA. As a result, M-MDSCs are a prognostic factor in the response to treatment of patients with metastatic SCCA treated with chemotherapy. The second work of this thesis validated the feasibility of isolating TILs from biopsy samples from patients with HPV-associated cancer. The specific T immune responses of HPV16 oncoproteins are correlated in 50 and 60% of cases between peripheral blood and tumor. The final objective of this thesis work demonstrated the immunogenicity of the SALL4 protein, a transcription factor associated with pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. We have generated anti-SALL4 CD4 Th1 response analysis technology to monitor immune responses in patients with digestive adenocarcinoma. Our work has also shown a low frequency of SALL4-specific T responses in the peripheral blood of patients with SCCA. These results suggest that the presence of specific SALL4 responses in the peripheral blood of SCCA patients could be subject to immunomonitoring resulting in a decrease in the frequency of CD4 LT SALL4+. It would be interesting to analyze the presence of specific LT of this antigen in the early forms of HPV-related cancers
Granier, Clémence. "Expression de récepteurs inhibiteurs sur les lymphocytes T infiltrant les tumeurs du rein : signification biologique et clinique Multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis and quantification of intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells Tim-3 expression on tumor-infiltrating PD-1+CD8+ T cells correlates with poor clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB183.
Full textIt has been mainly described that the inhibitory receptors coexpression (PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT) by lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces a local immunosuppression. Targeting these receptors particularly PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 is of great clinical benefit in cancer many types treatment (melanoma, renal and lung cancer in particular). In the most cases of cancer, like melanoma and lung cancer, a CD8-T cell and Th-1/IFN-gamma response is of good prognosis. But this is not the case in renal cancer and in hemopathies. My PhD work attempts to characterize clinical and biological implication of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression by intra-tumor lymphocytes in the setting of renal cancer and lymphoma. My PhD work has been conducted thanks to new methods of multiplexed characterization of the TME. Multispectral immunofluorescence lead to identify 7 parameters at the same time, and in this study I elaborated the identifications of lymphocytes markers in situ within the tumor: 4 membrane and/or nuclear proteins + nuclei (Dapi counterstain) and also coupled with the RNA detection. This tool allows me to accurately study the coexpression of PD-1 and TIM-3 at the CD8-T cell surface thanks to colocalisation identification and counting of these 3 markers. With the same method, I found that PD-L1 and Gal-9, which are PD-1 and TIM-3 ligands, were also expressed in the TME of renal carcinoma. I found that the coexpression of TIM-3 together with PD-1 in the CD8-T cells had a double relevance (i) at functional level, CD8-T cells were less able to secrete gamma-IFN (ii) at clinical level, patients harboring a higher infiltrate were more likely to relapse. The presence of PD-L1 and Gal-9 suggested interactions with inhibitory receptors of T cells. I also characterized CD8-T cells expressing PD-1 and TIM-3 in lymphomas, combining a CD20 staining (quadruple staining + Dapi). TIM-3 was more or less expressed depending of the lymphoma type near to CD20+ cells. TIM-3 PD-1 CD8-T cells were more likely Ki-67+ compared to TIM-3- cells, suggesting a more proliferative capacity. In order to continue the characterization of the Th-1/gamma-IFN-gamma immune response, I elaborate a technic to detect the gamma-IFN RNA in situ, together with lymphocytes staining, allowing the exploration of functionality within the tumor. To summarize, during my PhD work I could characterize composite immune biomarkers linked to the functionality of CD8-T cell and gamma-IFN Th-1 response
Dosset, Magalie. "Caractérisation et influence des lymphocytes T CD4 anti-télomérase dans les cancers." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA3014/document.
Full textRecent advances in immunology have now validated the concept of cancer immunosurveillance and the leading role of adaptative T cell immunity. Until a few years ago, antitumor CD8 T cell responses have been the most studied due to their direct cytotoxic activity on tumor cells. On the other hand, study of antitumor CD4 T cell responses are even more challenging because of the heterogeneity and plasticity of the various CD4 T cells subpopulations described. Among them, CD4 T helper type-1 cells (Th1), mainly characterized by the production of IFN, control the activation of antitumor cellular immunity. Thus, stimulation of specific CD4 Th1 cells may have a major interest for the development of anticancer immunotherapies. During this research thesis, we characterized novel HLA class II epitopes derived from a relevant tumor antigen, telomerase (TERT), and studied their capacities to stimulate specific CD4 Th1 cell responses. Using a method based on predictive immunology, we identified 4 peptides derived from TERT, referred as « Universal Cancer Peptides » (UCPs), enable to bind the most commonly found HLA-DR alleles in human. Using HLA-A2/HLA-DR1 transgenic mouse model, we first evaluated the in vivo immunogenicity of these peptides. Immunization of mice with UCPs induces high avidity specific CD4 T cells. The study of their polarization showed that UCP-specific CD4 T cells do not produce IL-4, -5, -10 or -17 cytokines, excluding a Th1, Treg or Th17 differentiation. In contrast, we measured high amount of IFN and IL-2 which characterize a Th1 pattern. The study of helper role allow us to demonstrate that CD8 peptide-based vaccinations in presence of UCPs enhance the efficacy of tumor specific CTL responses. Indeed, the intensity of these responses is strongly correlated with that of UCP-specific CD4 T cells induced in vivo. Furthermore, the stimulation of UCP-specific CD4 T cells promotes activation and IL-12 release by dendritic cells through a mechanism that involves IFN, GM-CSF and CD40L. We also demonstrated the antitumor efficacy of UCPs during a therapeutic vaccination in mice, as well as their capacity to foster the recruitment of specific CD8 T cells at the tumor site. In addition, the presence of naturally occurring UCP-specific CD4 T cell responses was found in different types of cancers such as leukemia, lung, colorectal or renal cancers. A study conducted in a cohort of 84 metastatic lung cancer patients revealed a synergistic effect of spontaneous UCP-specific CD4 Th1 and chemotherapy-treatment. Altogether, this study provides further evidences that stimulation of antitumor CD4 Th1 cells is a powerful method to improve cancer vaccines and also highlights the interest of TERT-derived UCPs for the innovative monitoring of antitumor CD4 T cell responses
Murdamoothoo, Devadarssen. "Immuno-modulatory functions of tenascin-C in a tumor progression model." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ049.
Full textThe extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) promotes tumor progression and metastasis by poorly understood mechanisms. I used a novel breast progression model based on a syngeneic orthotopic tumor cell grafting approach and identified TNC as an important regulator of tumor growth. I document that TNC promotes the battle between tumor regression and growth, where combined expression of tumor cell- and host-derived TNC induces tumor cell rejection. Tumor cell-derived TNC may elicit regression by induction of an antigen presenting signature (APS) expressed by the host, which correlates with better breast cancer patient survival. Tumor-cell derived TNC also triggers CXCL12 expression, thereby causing trapping of CD8+ T cells in the surrounding TNC matrix tracks. TNC binds CXCL12, and combined TNC/CXCL12 attracts and immobilizes CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4 causes tumor regression that is accompanied by massive infiltration of CD8+ T cells and cell death inside the tumor cell nests. Altogether,TNC-triggered CXCL12 signaling may dampen CD8+ T cell function where physical trapping of CD8+ T cells in the TNC matrix may have implications for immune cell therapies. Our results and new tumor model, offer novel opportunities for preclinical cancer research and cancer patient therapy, by triggering the “good” and blocking the “bad” actions of TNC. In particular, overcoming the immune suppressive action of TNC, through inhibition of CXCR4, could be a useful approach
Conic, Sascha. "Analysis of transcription factor and histone modification dynamics in the nucleus of single living cells using a novel antibody-based imaging approach." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ081.
Full textIn eukaryotic cells, gene transcription is controlled by a plethora of protein complexes. However, most of our basic knowledge about transcription regulation originate from biochemical experiments or immunofluorescence experiments using fixed cells. Consequently, many efforts have been devoted recently to obtain information about the dynamic movements or assembly of transcription factors directly from living cells. Therefore, we developed a labeling strategy, named versatile antibody-based imaging approach (VANIMA), in which fluorescently labeled antibodies are introduced into living cells to image specific endogenous proteins or posttranslational modifications. We were able to show that VANIMA can be used to study dynamical processes of fundamental biological mechanisms including factors of the transcription machinery as well as histone modifications in living human cancer cells using conventional or super-resolution microscopy. Hence, in the future VANIMA will serve as a valuable tool to uncover the dynamics of endogenous biological processes including transcription directly in single living cells