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Journal articles on the topic 'Rectangular cylinders'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Ozono, Shigehira, Takao Kitajima, and Takejiro Ichiki. "THE FLOW AROUND RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS PLACED IN SIMPLE SHEAR(Flow around Cylinder 1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.427.

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2

Cho, H. H., M. Y. Jabbari, and R. J. Goldstein. "Mass Transfer With Flow Through an Array of Rectangular Cylinders." Journal of Heat Transfer 116, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911465.

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The mass transfer from an array of naphthalene-coated parallel rectangular cylinders, through which air passes in a slitlike flow, has been measured. The local Sherwood numbers indicate that the flow pattern is asymmetric in spite of using an array of two-dimensional, equally spaced identical cylinders. Smoke-wire flow visualization verifies this asymmetry, showing alternate short and long wakes around the cylinders, due probably to the instability of vortex shedding. On the side surfaces of the cylinders with the short wakes, the airflow deflects and reattaches, resulting in a high mass transfer. Also, a strong impinging effect is observed on the leeward (back) surface of these cylinders at high Reynolds numbers. Reattachment is not observed on the side surface for cylinders with the long wakes. On these, however, the mass transfer on the leeward surface is higher than on the short wake cylinders. This may be due to the relatively low naphthalene vapor concentration in the long wakes. The distribution of the short wakes (and the long wakes) is periodic and relatively stable. However, their position can be changed from one cylinder to the adjacent one by a disturbance. Measurements were taken over a moderate Reynolds number range of 300 to 3000 (based on the cylinder-to-cylinder pitch and approaching velocity). The laminar, transition, and turbulent nature in the wake flows can be inferred from the results.

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3

Roy, A., and G. Bandyopadhyay. "Numerical calculation of separated flow past square and rectangular cylinders using panel technique." Aeronautical Journal 110, no. 1106 (April 2006): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000001226.

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AbstractIn the present investigation, a potential flow model based on panel method has been developed for calculation of two dimensional separated flows past square and rectangular cylinders. Free vortex lines are assumed to emanate from the points of separation that converge downstream of the body. The converged wake shape is iteratively obtained by integrating the velocity vectors at the collocation points. For solving separated flow past square and rectangular cylinders, four different versions of the solver have been developed for a wide range of incidence, namely, for zero, low, moderate and high angles of incidence. For validation of computed results, experimental investigations have been carried out in a low speed wind tunnel to obtain the surface pressure distribution on square cylinder and rectangular cylinder over a range of angles of incidence. Comparison is reasonably good.

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4

CHEN, ZHIHUA, XIAOHANG JIANG, and JUNLI HANG. "LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF A 3D CHANNEL FLOW WITH WALL-MOUNTED RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 03 (January 30, 2009): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909018254.

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Large eddy simulation was applied to simulate the compressible flow past multiple wall-mounted rectangular cylinders in a channel flow. The dynamic sub-grid stress model was employed to approximate the sub-grid scale effects. For flow past single wall-mounted cylinder, our calculated results agree well with the results of both previous experimental and numerical results which showed the formation and diffusion of vortexes around the cylinder. Flow past two wall-mounted cylinders has also been simulated numerically and our numerical results disclosed the formation of the vortex street behind the second cylinder and the developing process of flow field, which is important for practical engineering application.

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5

HIRANO, H., S. WATANABE, A. MARUOKA, and M. IKENOUCHI. "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Rectangular Cylinders." International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 12, no. 2 (January 1999): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10618569908940820.

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6

Nishikawa, Reon. "Passive control of the flow-induced noise from a rectangular cylinder using porous walls." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2635.

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A noise reducing technique for the flow-induced noise using a porous material was studied experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, flow-induced noises emitted from three types of rectangular cylinders were measured in a low-noise wind tunnel. One cylinder was made of four aluminum plates and others were made of two or three aluminum plates. Measurement results show that the frequency of the distinct tonal noise was different among three cylinders, that frequency was higher for using porous material. It was also found that the sound pressure lelvel of the noise was also different and that of the cylinder using two porous material plates was 25 dB smaller at maximum. Velocity field of the wake of cylinders were examined by the PIV measurement and that showed that time and space scale of separated vortices around cylinder were smaller for using two porous material plates. It is assumed that the change of aerodynamic sound was caused by that change in velocity field. In the numerical simulation, we could simulate changes of the emitted noise and the wake of the cylinder by applying the slip boundary condition of the velocity to the wall of the cylinder.

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7

Nakamura, Yasuharu, and Katsuya Hirata. "Critical geometry of oscillating bluff bodies." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 208 (November 1989): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089002879.

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Measurements are presented of the mean pressures around rectangular and D-section cylinders, with a flat front face normal to the flow, forced to oscillate transversely at an amplitude of 10% of the length of the front face. The ratio of depth (streamwise dimension) to height (cross-stream dimension) of the cross-section ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 for rectangular cylinders and from 0.5 to 1.5 for D-section cylinders. The range of reduced velocities investigated, 3 to 11, includes the vortex-resonance region. When increasing the depth, an oscillating bluff cylinder shows a critical depth where base suction attains a peak. The value of a critical depth is lowered with decreasing reduced velocity. In particular, an extraordinarily low critical depth with a very high base suction is obtained on cylinders oscillating at vortex resonance. For cylinders with depths beyond the critical, a reattachment-type pressure distribution is established on the afterbody due to the shear-layer/edge direct interaction. The shear-layer/edge direct interaction can also occur on oscillating cylinders with a fixed splitter plate. At low reduced velocities, the reattachment-type pressure distributions on cylinders with and without a splitter plate are similar except for the mean level. A remark is made on the critical geometry of bluff bodies under various flow conditions.

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8

Olayemi, O. A., A. M. Obalalu, S. E. Ibitoye, A. Salaudeen, M. O. Ibiwoye, B. E. Anyaegbuna, and I. K. Adegun. "Effects of Geometric Ratios on Heat Transfer in Heated Cylinders: Modelling and Simulation." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 19, no. 4 (January 28, 2023): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v19i4.1.

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The application of fluid and heat transfer in electronic and nuclear technology is gaining popularity, particularly in equipment's life span and risk management. However, further study is required for applications involving rectangular cylinders placed inside a square cavity. This study investigates the effects of height ratio (𝐻𝑅), and width ratio (𝑊𝑅) for Prandtl number 𝑃𝑟=0.71 on natural convective heat transfer and the flow field around the annulus of a square domain fitted internally with a heated rectangular cylinder. The square enclosure and the inner rectangular cylinder walls were respectively maintained at cold and hot isothermal conditions. COMSOL Multiphysics (Version 5.6) software was adopted to implement the governing equations and boundary conditions. The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isothermal contours, and Nusselt number (Nu). The study reveals that the combined average Nu of the rectangular cylinder walls improves with 𝐻𝑅, 𝑊𝑅, and Rayleigh number (Ra). The maximum Nu occurred at 𝐻𝑅=0.7, and 𝑊𝑅=0.7; however, height variation at peak average Nu was 37.7% greater than width variation at peak average Nu. This study finds applications in the cooling of electronic chips and aerospace engines.

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9

Murata, M., M. B. Utzinger, D. H. Chen, and H. Nisitani. "Stress Analysis on Rectangular Cross-Sectional Ring Headers." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842126.

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For rectangular cross-sectional ring headers, the authors’ theoretical stress analysis is presented to agree with actual stresses by measurement with strain gages. Therefore, this analytical method is applicable for similar rectangular cross-sectional ring headers. When the aspect ratio (length of two cylinders/radius difference between two cylinders) is more than three, moments originating at the end of finite long cylinders and tangential stresses on the half-length of both cylinders are almost the same as values from infinitely long cylinders. Regarding the welds between flat cover plates and cylinders, cover plate designs can be remarkably thinner by changing the weld shape, that is, by using T-joint weld with a single-bevel groove, than compared to Type (i) in PG-31 of ASME Code.

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10

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, and Wen-Jei YANG. "Flow visualization between two rectangular cylinders." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 18, Supplement1 (1998): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.18.supplement1_161.

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11

Al-Awfi, S., and M. Babiker. "Submicron rectangular cylinders as atom guides." Physical Review A 58, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 4768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.58.4768.

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12

Cheung, H. D., and E. V. Jull. "Antenna pattern scattering by rectangular cylinders." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 48, no. 10 (2000): 1691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.899686.

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13

Callander, Stephen John. "Flow‐Induced Vibrations of Rectangular Cylinders." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 115, no. 10 (October 1989): 1316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1989)115:10(1316).

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14

Hatanaka, A., and H. Tanaka. "Aerodynamic admittance functions of rectangular cylinders." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 96, no. 6-7 (June 2008): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.06.048.

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15

SAKAMOTO, Hiroshi, Hiroyuki HANIU, and Yoshifumi KOBAYASHI. "Fluctuating forces acting on rectangular cylinders in uniform flow. (On rectangular cylinders with fully separated flow)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 55, no. 516 (1989): 2310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.55.2310.

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16

Zhang, L., and S. Balachandar. "Onset of Vortex Shedding in a Periodic Array of Circular Cylinders." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 5 (February 15, 2006): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2201630.

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Hopf bifurcation of steady base flow and onset of vortex shedding over a transverse periodic array of circular cylinders is considered. The influence of transverse spacing on critical Reynolds number is investigated by systematically varying the gap between the cylinders from a small value to large separations. The critical Reynolds number behavior for the periodic array of circular cylinders is compared with the corresponding result for a periodic array of long rectangular cylinders considered in [Balanchandar, S., and Parker, S. J., 2002, “Onset of Vortex Shedding in an Inline and Staggered Array of Rectangular Cylinders,” Phys. Fluids, 14, pp. 3714–3732]. The differences between the two cases are interpreted in terms of differences between their wake profiles.

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17

Boughezala, Hamad Ahmed, Said Bouabdallah, and Ali Boukhari. "Forced Convection inside a Vertical Circular Cylinder with an Inner Coaxial Rectangular Cylinder." Defect and Diffusion Forum 406 (January 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.406.25.

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In this work, we performed a numerical simulation of laminar forced convection and, in an annular space inside a vertical circular cylinder with an inner coaxial rectangular cylinder having an aspect ratio (height/radius) γ=2, filled with a liquid metal (Pr = 0.0023). Six annular gaps R =0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.4 were studied. The governing equations are solved using the ANSYS Fluent code which is based on the finite volume method. SIMPLE algorithm is employed for the pressure-velocity coupled momentum equations. Two cases of the rotating parts of the cylinders are investigated and the effect of Reynolds number on the flow are examined. The obtained results of the forced convection show that the increase of the Reynolds number Re affects straightly on the structure of the flow wherever the velocity field are destabilized and the strongest stabilization of the velocity field occurs when the flow generated by the rotating of the circular cylinder and the rectangular cylinder.Keywords: forced convection, annular gap, circular cylinder, rectangular cylinder, co-rotating.

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18

Boughezala, Hamad Ahmed, Said Bouabdallah, and Ali Boukhari. "Forced Convection inside a Vertical Circular Cylinder with an Inner Coaxial Rectangular Cylinder." Defect and Diffusion Forum 406 (January 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.406.25.

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In this work, we performed a numerical simulation of laminar forced convection and, in an annular space inside a vertical circular cylinder with an inner coaxial rectangular cylinder having an aspect ratio (height/radius) γ=2, filled with a liquid metal (Pr = 0.0023). Six annular gaps R =0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.4 were studied. The governing equations are solved using the ANSYS Fluent code which is based on the finite volume method. SIMPLE algorithm is employed for the pressure-velocity coupled momentum equations. Two cases of the rotating parts of the cylinders are investigated and the effect of Reynolds number on the flow are examined. The obtained results of the forced convection show that the increase of the Reynolds number Re affects straightly on the structure of the flow wherever the velocity field are destabilized and the strongest stabilization of the velocity field occurs when the flow generated by the rotating of the circular cylinder and the rectangular cylinder.Keywords: forced convection, annular gap, circular cylinder, rectangular cylinder, co-rotating.

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19

PORTER, R., and D. V. EVANS. "Rayleigh–Bloch surface waves along periodic gratings and their connection with trapped modes in waveguides." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 386 (May 10, 1999): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099004425.

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Rayleigh–Bloch surface waves are acoustic or electromagnetic waves which propagate parallel to a two-dimensional diffraction grating and which are exponentially damped with distance from the grating. In the water-wave context they describe a localized wave having dominant wavenumber β travelling along an infinite periodic array of identical bottom-mounted cylinders having uniform cross-section throughout the water depth. A numerical method is described which enables the frequencies of the Rayleigh–Bloch waves to be determined as a function of β for an arbitrary cylinder cross-section. For particular symmetric cylinders, it is shown how a special choice of β produces results for the trapped mode frequencies and mode shapes in the vicinity of any (finite) number of cylinders spanning a rectangular waveguide or channel. It is also shown how one particular choice of β gives rise to a new type of trapped mode near an unsymmetric cylinder contained within a parallel-sided waveguide with locally-distorted walls. The implications for large forces due to incident waves on a large but finite number of such cylinders in the ocean is discussed.

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20

Prenninger, Peter H. W., Masaru Matsumoto, and Naruhito Shiraishi. "Frequency dependent wind loads on rectangular cylinders." Wind Engineers, JAWE 1989, no. 40 (1989): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.1989.40_1.

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21

Knisely, Charles, Masaru Matsumoto, and Friedrich Menacher. "Rectangular Cylinders in Flows with Harmonic Perturbations." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 112, no. 8 (August 1986): 690–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1986)112:8(690).

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22

Okajima, A. "Numerical simulation of flow around rectangular cylinders." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 33, no. 1-2 (March 1990): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90033-9.

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23

Lacroix, M. "ANALYSIS OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN TWO HORIZONTAL CYLINDERS AND THEIR ENCLOSURE." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 1992): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1992-0002.

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A numerical study has been conducted for natural convection heat transfer for air around two horizontal heated cylinders placed inside a rectangular enclosure cooled from the side. Three cylinder spacings were investigated. The local and overall Nusselt numbers were determined over the range of Rayleigh numbers from 104 to 106. It is found that the thermal performance of the unit is strongly influenced by the Rayleigh number and, to a lesser extent, by the cylinder spacing. A correlation is suggested for the overall Nusselt number.

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24

Rahman, Hamid, Shams-ul-Islam, Waqas Sarwar Abbasi, Raheela Manzoor, Fazle Amin, and Zeeshan Alam. "Numerical Computations for Flow Patterns and Force Statistics of Three Rectangular Cylinders." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9991132.

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In this work, numerical simulations are performed in order to study the effects of aspect ratio (AR) and Reynolds number (Re) on flow characteristics of three side-by-side rectangular cylinders for fixed spacing ratio ( g ), using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The Reynolds number varies within the range 60 ≤ Re ≤ 180, aspect ratio is between 0.25 and 4, and spacing ratio is fixed at g = 1.5. The flow structure mechanism behind the cylinders is analyzed in terms of vorticity contour visualization, time-trace analysis of drag and lift coefficients, power spectrum analysis of lift coefficient and variations of mean drag coefficient, and Strouhal number. For different combinations of AR and Re, the flow is characterized into regular, irregular, and symmetric vortex shedding. In regular and symmetric vortex shedding the drag and lift coefficients vary smoothly while reverse trend occurs in irregular vortex shedding. At small AR, each cylinder experiences higher magnitude drag force as compared to intermediate and large aspect ratios. The vortex shedding frequency was found to be smaller at smaller AR and increased with increment in AR.

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25

Liu, Y. Z., C. M. Ma, K. S. Dai, A. El Damatty, and Q. S. Li. "Improved understanding of transverse galloping of rectangular cylinders." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 221 (February 2022): 104884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104884.

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26

OKAJIMA, Atsushi, Taroh NAGAHISA, and Akira ROKUGOH. "A Numerical Analysis of Flow around Rectangular Cylinders." JSME international journal. Ser. 2, Fluids engineering, heat transfer, power, combustion, thermophysical properties 33, no. 4 (1990): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb1988.33.4_702.

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27

OKAJIMA, Atushi, Taroh NAGAHISA, and Akira ROKUGOU. "A numerical analysis of flow around rectangular cylinders." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 56, no. 522 (1990): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.56.280.

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28

TAN, B. T., M. C. THOMPSON, and K. HOURIGAN. "Flow past rectangular cylinders: receptivity to transverse forcing." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 515 (September 25, 2004): 33–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112004000242.

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29

Venugopal, Vengatesan, Kamlesh S. Varyani, and Nigel D. P. Barltrop. "Wave force coefficients for horizontally submerged rectangular cylinders." Ocean Engineering 33, no. 11-12 (August 2006): 1669–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2005.09.007.

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30

Prenninger, Peter H. W. "Frequency-dependent wind load coefficients of rectangular cylinders." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 38, no. 2-3 (July 1991): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(91)90042-u.

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31

Li, Q. S., and W. H. Melbourne. "Turbulence effects on surface pressures of rectangular cylinders." Wind and Structures 2, no. 4 (December 25, 1999): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.1999.2.4.253.

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32

Wang, C. "Longitudinal flow through an array of rectangular cylinders." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 58, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/58.2.111.

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33

Singhal, T., S. N. Singh, S. Mathur, and R. K. Singh. "Performance optimization for two-dimensional rectangular diffuser by momentum injection using computational fluid dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 220, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406jmes364.

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This article explores a non-conventional method for improvement of performance of a wide-angle two-dimensional rectangular diffuser. Computational fluid dynamics investigation has been carried out to analyse the effect of injecting momentum through a moving surface to control the boundary layer separation close to the wall of a two-dimensional rectangular diffuser. A cylinder was placed at the diffuser inlet and rotated at various speeds. It is seen that injection of momentum through the moving surface delays flow separation, thereby increasing the pressure recovery coefficient. An increase in the rotational speed of the cylinder from 1500 to 5500 rad/s improves the pressure recovery coefficient marginally. Placing another cylinder at a preidentified location and rotating both cylinders at the same speed further improves the pressure recovery. Overall improvement in pressure recovery is ∼28 per cent from 0.63 to 0.81. Besides improvement of pressure recovery, the flow distribution in the core region also improves significantly.

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34

Lee, S. H., and L. G. Leal. "Low-Reynolds-number flow past cylindrical bodies of arbitrary cross-sectional shape." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 164 (March 1986): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112086002616.

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A numerical implementation of the method of matched asymptotic expansions is proposed to analyse two-dimensional uniform streaming flow at low Reynolds number past a straight cylinder (or cylinders) of arbitrary cross-sectional shape. General solutions for both the Stokes and Oseen equations in two dimensions are expressed in terms of a boundary distribution of fundamental single- and double-layer singularities. These general solutions are then converted to integral equations for the unknown distributions of singularity strengths by application of boundary conditions at the cylinder surface, and matching conditions between the Stokes and Oseen solutions. By solving these integral equations, using collocation methods familiar from three-dimensional application of ‘boundary integral’ methods for solutions of Stokes equation, we generate a uniformly valid approximation to the solution for the whole domain.We demonstrate the method by considering, as numerical examples, uniform flow past an elliptic cylinder, uniform flow past a cylinder of rectangular cross-section, and uniform flow past two parallel cylinders which may be either equal in radius, or of different sizes.

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35

LI, YILE, and CHIANG C. MEI. "Bragg scattering by a line array of small cylinders in a waveguide. Part 1. Linear aspects." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 583 (July 4, 2007): 161–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007006131.

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Motivated by potential applications for offshore airports supported on vertical piles, we report a theory of wave diffraction by a periodic array of circular cylinders. The simple case of normal incidence on a rectangular array is studied here, which is equivalent to a line array along the centre of a long channel. An asymptotic theory is developed for cylinders much smaller than the incident wavelength, which is comparable to the cylinder spacing. Focus is on Bragg resonance near which scattering is strong. A combination of the method of multiple scales and the Bloch theorem leads to simple evolution equations coupling the wave envelopes. Dispersion of transient wave envelopes is investigated. Scattering of detuned waves by a large but finite number of cylinders is investigated for frequencies in and outside the band gap. Quantitative accuracy is assessed by comparisons with numerical computations via finite elements. The analytical theory prepares the ground for nonlinear studies and may facilitate future inclusion of real-fluid effects such as vortex shedding.

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36

Hameed, Musab, Gaobiao Xiao, Lina Qiu, and Tayyab Hameed. "Quintuple-mode wideband bandpass filters with improved out-of-band rejection." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 4 (October 14, 2019): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001338.

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AbstractThis paper presents design of quintuple-mode wideband bandpass filters, implemented with off-centered perturbed metallic cylinders in a rectangular waveguide cavity. Three perturbation cylinders are placed at the bottom of the rectangular waveguide cavity, along with a pair of perpendicularly fed coaxial lines; excite five quasi-transverse magnetic modes to realize the desired passband. The height of the waveguide cavity and the shape of the perturbation cylinders are exploited to shift the resonant modes far away from the passband and achieve a good out-of-band rejection and sharp skirt selectivity. The filter operates at the center frequency of 2.68 GHz with a wide fractional bandwidth of 43%. The proposed filter is fabricated with aluminum. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement with each other.

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37

Chhaparwal, Gaurav Kumar, Ankur Srivastava, and Ram Dayal. "Numerical study of an asymmetrically heated rectangular duct with suspended cylinders." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824004002.

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An asymmetrically heated (only one side of the duct is heated) solar air heater duct is numerically investigated using openFOAM to study the effect of passive turbulators (suspended cylinders) installed within the boundary layer close to the absorber plate to enhance heat transfer from it. Vortex flow is created behind the suspended cylinders, which disturbs the boundary layer and causes mixing of hot stream lines near the surface with relatively cold stream away from the absorber plate. Diameter of the suspended cylinders and its distance from the absorber plate is varied to study its effect on wall temperature of absorber plate in the turbulent flow regime.

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38

Gajewska, Karolina, Paweł Niegodajew, Renata Gnatowska, and Witold Elsner. "Effect of the upstream cylinder shape on the flow around the downstream rectangular object in tandem configuration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2367, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2367/1/012022.

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Abstract The paper presents an experimental investigation of air flow around bluff bodies in tandem configurations. The first one concerns two square cylinders and in the second one a triangular cylinder was used as an upstream object. Experiment was performed for two different Reynolds number for the fixed distance between bluff bodies. To have an insight into the fluid flow, particle image velocimetry method was used. Particular attention was paid to examine the effect of the upstream cylinder shape on the flow around the downstream body.

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39

Masuda, K., W. Kato, and H. Ishizuka. "Second-Order Diffraction Loads on Plural Vertical Cylinder With Arbitrary Cross Sections." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 109, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3257026.

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The purpose of the present study is development of a powerful numerical method for calculating second-order diffraction loads on plural vertical cylinder with arbitrary cross sections. According to the present method, second-order wave force can be obtained from a linear radiation potential without solving second-order boundary value problem. The boundary value problem for the radiation potential is solved with the hybrid boundary element method. The computations for circular and rectangular cylinders were carried out and compared with the experiments. In addition, second-order wave forces on twin circular cylinder are calculated with the present method.

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40

Hameed, Musab, Gaobiao Xiao, Ali Najam, Lina Qiu, and Tayyab Hameed. "Quadruple-Mode Wideband Bandpass Filter with Improved Out-of-Band Rejection." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030300.

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This paper proposes a method for designing a quadruple-mode wideband bandpass filter using off-centered perturbed metallic cylinders in a rectangular waveguide cavity with compact size and improved out-of-band rejection. Two off-centered perturbation cylinders were placed at the bottom of the rectangular waveguide cavity along with a pair of perpendicularly-fed coaxial lines, which excited four quasi-transverse magnetic (TM) modes to realize the desired passband. The height of the waveguide cavity and the shape of the perturbation cylinders were exploited to achieve an all quasi-TM modes filter with good out-of-band rejection and sharp skirt selectivity. The proposed filter operates at 2.93 GHz center frequency with 38% wide fractional bandwidth (FBW). The proposed filter is fabricated using aluminum. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement with each other.

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41

UMEDA, Shinzaburo, and Wen-Jei YANG. "Turbulent Flows around Rectangular Cylinders with In-line Arrangement." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 17, Supplement2 (1997): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.17.supplement2_3.

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Wilkerson, Gregory V. "Flow through Trapezoidal and Rectangular Channels with Rigid Cylinders." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 133, no. 5 (May 2007): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2007)133:5(521).

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43

OKAJIMA, Atsuchi, Kenichiro SUGITANI, and Taketo MIZOTA. "Flow around two rectangular cylinders arranged side-by-side." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 51, no. 472 (1985): 3877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.51.3877.

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44

Agelin-Chaab, M., and M. F. Tachie. "Open Channel Turbulent Flow past Rectangular Cylinders at Incidence." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 139, no. 12 (December 2013): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000795.

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45

Farahani, A. V., and A. Konrad. "Demagnetizing Factors for Nonuniform Nonlinear Cylinders and Rectangular Prisms." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 44, no. 11 (November 2008): 3225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2008.2001663.

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OZONO, Shigehira, and Takejiro ICHIKI. "The flow around rectangular cylinders placed in simple shear." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2004.2 (2004): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2004.2.0_301.

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47

Wang, C. Y. "Stokes flow through a rectangular array of circular cylinders." Fluid Dynamics Research 29, no. 2 (August 2001): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5983(01)00013-2.

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48

MARUOKA, AKIRA, HIROKAZU HIRANO, and MASAYUKI SHIMURA. "Three Dimensional Numerical Flow Simulation Around Parallel Rectangular Cylinders." International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 15, no. 1 (September 2001): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10618560108970016.

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49

Laneville, André. "Turbulence and blockage effects on two dimensional rectangular cylinders." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 33, no. 1-2 (March 1990): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90016-6.

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50

Tamura, Tetsuro, and Kunio Kuwahara. "Numerical study on aerodynamic instability of oscillating rectangular cylinders." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 41, no. 1-3 (October 1992): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90417-9.

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