Journal articles: 'Recreational marijuana use'

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Lum, Hillary D., Kanika Arora, J. Alton Croker, Sara H. Qualls, Melissa Schuchman, Julie Bobitt, Gary Milavetz, and Brian Kaskie. "Patterns of Marijuana Use and Health Impact: A Survey Among Older Coloradans." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 5 (January 2019): 233372141984370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721419843707.

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Access to recreational and medical marijuana is common in the United States, particularly in states with legalized use. Here, we describe patterns of recreational and medical marijuana use and self-reported health among older persons using a geographically sampled survey in Colorado. The in-person or online survey was offered to community-dwelling older persons aged above 60 years. We assessed past-year marijuana use including recreational, medical, or both; methods of use; marijuana source; reasons for use; sociodemographic and health factors; and self-reported health. Of 274 respondents (mean age = 72.5 years, 65% women), 45% reported past-year marijuana use. Of these, 54% reported using marijuana both medically and recreationally. Using more than one marijuana method or preparation was common. Reasons for use included arthritis, chronic back pain, anxiety, and depression. Past-year marijuana users reported improved overall health, quality of life, day-to-day functioning, and improvement in pain. Odds of past-year marijuana use decreased with each additional year of age. The odds were lower among women and those with higher self-reported health status; odds of use were higher with past-year opioid use. Older persons with access to recreational and medical marijuana described concurrent use of medical and recreational marijuana, use of multiple preparations, and overall positive health impacts.

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Kan, Emily, Jordan Beardslee, Paul J. Frick, Laurence Steinberg, and Elizabeth Cauffman. "Marijuana Use Among Justice-Involved Youths After California Statewide Legalization, 2015–2018." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 9 (September 2020): 1386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305797.

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Objectives. To determine the impact of California’s recreational marijuana legalization on marijuana use among justice system–involved (JSI) adolescents and young adults, and to distinguish whether any changes resulted from legalization (passing the law) or from implementation of the law. Methods. We compared changes in JSI youths’ marijuana use in 2 states: California (n = 504), where recreational marijuana use was recently legalized, and Pennsylvania (n = 478), where recreational use is still prohibited. Furthermore, we examined changes in marijuana use across 3 key time periods (October 2015–June 2018): before legalization, after legalization but before implementation, and after implementation. Results. California JSI youths did not demonstrate a significant increase in marijuana use after legalization (b = −0.010; P = .950) or implementation (b = −0.046; P = .846). However, in Pennsylvania, rates of marijuana use increased significantly after legalization (b = 0.602; P = .001) but not after implementation (b = 0.174; P = .533). Conclusions. Although recreational marijuana legalization was not associated with changes in marijuana use among youths in California, we observed increased rates of use in Pennsylvania after legalization in California. Recreational marijuana laws may be indirectly related to youths’ marijuana use by supporting more permissive national attitudes toward marijuana.

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Jones, Jacob, and K. Nicole Jones. "Commentary on Jones J, Jones KN and Peil J (2018) The impact of the legalization of recreational marijuana on college students. Addictive Behaviors 77: 255–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.015." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 13 (January 2019): 117822181982760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178221819827603.

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With the broadening legislative changes surrounding legalized recreational marijuana in the United States, tracking the impact of such changes is imperative. As such, in a recent article published in Addictive Behaviors, we identified several emerging trends in the first state to legalize recreational marijuana, Colorado. Since our publication, similar research from other states that have legalized recreational marijuana (Oregon and Washington) has emerged. Here, we attempt to expand on our findings and identify patterns across the research, by comparing and contrasting our results to research in other states with legalized recreational marijuana. We identified several trends including, but not limited to, the rates of marijuana use rising after decriminalization, but not the retail sale of recreational marijuana; recreational marijuana legalization leading to a decrease in the relationship between marijuana and alcohol use; and the identification of binge drinkers as a high-risk population for marijuana use after recreational legalization. We also explore the complicated relationship between marijuana use and academic performance, and point out areas where future research is needed.

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Sajdeya, Ruba, Verlin Joseph, Nichole Setten, Gladys Ibañez, Yan Wang, Lauren Powell, Charurut Somboonwit, Karen Corsi, and Robert Cook. "Reasons for Marijuana Use and Its Perceived Effectiveness in Therapeutic and Recreational Marijuana Users Among People Living with HIV in Florida." Cannabis 4, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis/2021.01.002.

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Therapeutic and recreational marijuana use are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the distinction between perceived "therapeutic" and "recreational" use is blurred, with little information about the specific reasons for use and perceived marijuana effectiveness in adults with chronic conditions. We aimed to compare reasons for use and reason-specific perceived marijuana effectiveness between therapeutic and recreational users among PLWH. In 2018-2019, 213 PLWH currently using marijuana (mean age 48 years, 59% male, 69% African American) completed a questionnaire assessing their specific reasons for using marijuana, including the "main reason." Participants were categorized into one of three motivation groups: therapeutic, recreational, or both equally. For each specific reason, participants rated marijuana effectiveness as 0-10, with 10 being the most effective. The mean effectiveness scores were compared across the three motivation groups via ANOVA, with p <0.05 considered statistically significant. The most frequent main reasons for marijuana use in the therapeutic (n=63, 37%), recreational (n=48, 28%), and both equally (n=59, 35%) categories were "Pain" (21%), "To get high" (32%), and "To relax" (20%), respectively. Compared to recreational users, therapeutic and both equally users provided significantly higher mean effectiveness scores for "Pain," and "To reduce anger." The "Both equally" group also provided significantly higher mean effectiveness scores for "To feel better in general," "To get high," and "To relax" compared to the other two categories. There is a significant overlap in self-reported reasons for marijuana use in primarily therapeutic or recreational users. Perceived marijuana effectiveness was lowest among recreational users.

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Nkemdirim Okere, Arinze. "Policy Reform with Marijuana Use: Weighing Risks and Benefits." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 52, no. 8 (March 20, 2018): 821–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028018765938.

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With the current legalization of medical marijuana and the possibility of recreational use being permitted in some states, the health care benefits associated with the use of marijuana is questionable. States that are on the path of legalizing marijuana, should recognize that as there are perceived positive benefits, there are also many evidence-based negative health consequences which may result in negative economic and societal consequences. As more data on health outcomes regarding the use of marijuana continue to emerge, policies directed toward legalizing marijuana, whether medical or recreational, should consider protecting the society from both harm and societal cost.

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Baumgartner, Scott, Vinay Rao, Ali Khan, Jenny Dave, Karan Chawla, and Marie Borum. "P011 HIGH TIME: INCREASED INQUIRY ABOUT MARIJUANA USE IN IBD PATIENTS IS NECESSARY." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/zaa010.126.

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Abstract Background Marijuana use in the United States continues to increase with recreational sales legal in 11 states and the District of Columbia and medicinal approval expanded to include over two thirds of states. It is estimated that cannabinoid products are used by 15–40% of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the efficacy and safety have not been well-established. It is important that providers are aware of the extent of marijuana use in IBD patients. There is limited information about the frequency that providers inquire about recreational and medicinal use of marijuana. This study evaluated the frequency that providers screen for cannabinoid product use in individuals with IBD. Methods A chart review of all IBD patients seen at a university GI clinic over a 5-year period was performed. A confidential database using Microsoft Excel of patient age, gender, race, IBD diagnosis and recreational drug use was created. Charts were specifically queried for documentation of recreational or medicinal marijuana / cannabinoid (CBD) product use. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test with significance set at p<0.05. The study was approved by the institutional IRB. Results 381 records were analyzed. 284 patients had UC, 95 CD, and 2 indeterminate colitis. There were 172 men and 209 women (mean age 44.1 years; range 20–82). 195 patients were white, 97 African American, 11 Asian, 38 other/unknown, and 40 declined. Providers screened for recreational drug use, including marijuana, in 182 patients (47.8%). Marijuana / CBD use (medicinal or recreational) was noted in 19 (4.9%) charts (4 for IBD symptoms, 3 recreational, 12 no reason documented; 2 had prescriptions). There was no significant difference in the rate of screening for drug or marijuana / CBD use based on gender (p=0.627), race (p=0.447), or IBD type (p=0.169). Discussion The efficacy and safety of marijuana use in IBD remains unestablished despite that up to 40% of patients endorse cannabinoid use. It is important that providers are aware of the frequency of marijuana / CBD use by IBD patients. Identification of self-prescribed use may prompt further evaluation and modification of medication regimen. This study revealed that providers inconsistently inquire specifically about marijuana / CBD use. The growing prevalence of recreational and medicinal marijuana use should prompt increased screening and appropriate incorporation of this information into optimizing care. References

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Burdette, Amy M., Noah S. Webb, Terrence D. Hill, Stacy Hoskins Haynes, and Jason A. Ford. "Religious Involvement and Marijuana Use for Medical and Recreational Purposes." Journal of Drug Issues 48, no. 3 (April 21, 2018): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042618770393.

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In this article, we use data from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to examine the association between religious involvement and marijuana use for medical and recreational purposes in U.S. adults ( N = 41,517). We also consider whether the association between religious involvement and marijuana use varies according to personal health status. Our results show that adults who attend religious services more frequently and hold more salient religious beliefs tend to exhibit lower rates of medical and recreational marijuana use. We also find that these “protective effects” are less pronounced for adults in poor health. Although our findings confirm previous studies of recreational marijuana use, we are the first to examine the association between religious involvement and medical marijuana use. Our moderation analyses suggest that the morality and social control functions of religious involvement may be offset under the conditions of poor health.

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Llarena, Zharama M. "The Synergistic Benefit Mechanism of Medical and Recreational Marijuana: Economic Gains of Cannabis Taxation based on US Federal Law for Corporate Governance and Sustainability." American Journal of Accounting 5, no. 2 (November 13, 2023): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajacc.1645.

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Purpose: Marijuana legalization is brought about by the demands of people as social utility either for medical or recreation consumption. It is essential that the control of cannabis fulfills the goals of corporate governance and sustainability. This paper aims to measure the profitability of marijuana taxation over a time period as trend analysis of economic gains. Methodology: The socio-legal taxation of marijuana in the United States follows a descriptive research design. The beneficial gains of marijuana as medical use created this substance to be controlled under contract law transactions. The removal of cannabis in US Pharmacopeia modified the tort law restriction for legalization of marijuana as recreational consumption. The recreational cannabis taxation together with medical marijuana state taxes are essential to fulfill the 4 pillars of corporate governance and sustainability for strengthening constitutional rights. The legalization of marijuana through votes of the people repeals the criminal punishments imposed by federal law to advocate the synergistic concepts of economic theory. Findings: State tax theory creates voluntary principles in transactions together with trend analysis in prices and demands of people resulting to efficiency in mutual gains through lessening the value of participation under a harmful environment. Hence, Pigouvian tax follows the public welfare of medical marijuana and common revenue of recreational cannabis diminishes the overall costs of social consumption. Federal laws control marijuana usage through Pigouvian taxes of medical use with lessened participation in externalities and common revenue in cannabis consumption, as a legalization process of other states in reinstating tort law for business purposes, while still enforcing criminal penalties to remaining states, in compliance with US federal laws, not in favor of medical and recreational marijuana use. The economic theory supports the legalization of medical and recreational cannabis use through taxation as profitable gains by allowing voluntary market transactions of marijuana as fulfillment to corporate governance and sustainability for more allocation of public funds. From 2002 to 2018, medical and recreational cannabis users increased to 70% of social utility through lessening the value of participation, a win-win in efficiency of economic design. In 2010, marijuana taxation generated $8.7 billion as federal public funds, with accompanied criminal penalties to other states. Recommendations: Economic theory is a conceptual design supporting the beneficial gains of legalizing marijuana via taxation. This economic design promotes fair responsibility of market gains while still in strict compliance of enforcing criminal punishments to violators. The people’s votes for legalization of marijuana taxation indicates that this economic policy has come by choice in a particular state as constitutional right of either a medical opinion or business ethics. However, cannabis is deemed to be a substance subject for criminal liabilities, similar to other patent drugs under taxation as well. Hence, it is suggested to create artificial intelligence using authorless works for clinical trials and other relevant studies subject to patent law of marijuana use, as advocacy of public welfare and safety since voluntary transactions are apparent harmful environment.

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Camarena-Michel, Alexa. "Association of State Recreational Marijuana Laws with Adolescent Marijuana Use." Journal of Emergency Medicine 52, no. 6 (June 2017): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.04.011.

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Cerdá, Magdalena, Melanie Wall, Tianshu Feng, Katherine M. Keyes, Aaron Sarvet, John Schulenberg, Patrick M. O’Malley, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Sandro Galea, and Deborah S. Hasin. "Association of State Recreational Marijuana Laws With Adolescent Marijuana Use." JAMA Pediatrics 171, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3624.

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Miller, Carrie W. "Marijuana Use and Breastfeeding." Clinical Lactation 3, no. 3 (October 2012): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/215805312807022950.

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Marijuana is one of the most widely used recreational substances in the United States, with high rates of use during peak childbearing years. Medical marijuana use is also becoming more widely accepted in the United States, with legalization in 17 states and the District of Columbia. The available literature suggests that maternal marijuana use during breastfeeding is associated with potentially negative outcomes for infants and children. Adverse effects can include feeding difficulty, lethargy, and delayed cognitive and motor development. Mothers considered heavy or chronic users of marijuana are advised to not breastfeed infants. The aim of this article is to examine the prevalence of marijuana use, the potential effects on breastfed infants, and current recommendations from lactation experts.

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Millea, Timothy P. "Smoke and Mirrors: The Recreational Marijuana Debate." Linacre Quarterly 87, no. 3 (April 13, 2020): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363920916284.

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The increasingly widespread legalization of recreational marijuana should raise concerns regarding the societal and medical impact of its use. The relative cultural acceptance for its use should be counterbalanced with an honest and scientific review of the adverse impacts. This article provides a synopsis of recent studies that point to significant concerns from medical and psychiatric viewpoints. Summary: With the increasing number of states that have legalized the use of recreational marijuana, concerns regarding its negative effects are necessary. There is growing scientific evidence that the use of marijuana for recreational purposes has a wide variety of negative health effects, both physical and psychiatric.

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Rivkees, Scott A. "Pediatric collateral damage from recreational marijuana use." Pediatric Research 81, no. 4 (February 7, 2017): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2017.36.

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Sullivan, Ezra, and Nicanor Austriaco. "A Virtue Analysis of Recreational Marijuana Use." Linacre Quarterly 83, no. 2 (May 2016): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2015.1125083.

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Ward, Kyle C., Paul A. Lucas, and Alexandra Murphy. "The Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Law Enforcement in States Surrounding Colorado." Police Quarterly 22, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611118819902.

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Since the legalization of recreational marijuana occurred in Colorado, politicians, academics, and the public have been paying close attention to what impact, if any, the legalization of recreational marijuana has on crime, substance use and abuse, and state revenue gains. However, research has not identified the potential impact that marijuana legalization has had on law enforcement officers in neighboring states. This study used survey methodology to explore how the legalization of recreational marijuana in Colorado has affected law enforcement officers and their duties in states that border Colorado. Using multistage cluster sampling, municipal police departments and sheriff’s offices in Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming were selected for inclusion in this study based off their proximity to Colorado and because none had legalized either medical or recreational marijuana at the time of this study. Results indicate that law enforcement officers view Colorado’s legalization of recreational marijuana as having a negative impact on their enforcement duties. Respondents note an increase in potency, perceived juvenile use, and strain on their resources as major issues they are now having to deal with. Analysis indicates that departments further away from Colorado perceive less of an impact than counties closer to Colorado’s border. Compared with Nebraska and Kansas, respondents from Wyoming perceived a larger impact on enforcement, but these differences were diminished when controlling for personal perceptions of marijuana.

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Anderson, D. Mark, and Daniel I. Rees. "The Public Health Effects of Legalizing Marijuana." Journal of Economic Literature 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 86–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211635.

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Thirty-six states have legalized medical marijuana and 18 states have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. In this paper, we review the literature on the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana, focusing on studies that have appeared in economics journals as well as leading public policy, public health, and medical journals. Among the outcomes considered are: youth marijuana use, alcohol consumption, the abuse of prescription opioids, traffic fatalities, and crime. For some of these outcomes, there is a near consensus in the literature regarding the effects of medical marijuana laws (MMLs). As an example, leveraging geographic and temporal variation in MMLs, researchers have produced little credible evidence to suggest that legalization promotes marijuana use among teenagers. Likewise, there is convincing evidence that young adults consume less alcohol when medical marijuana is legalized. For other public health outcomes such as mortality involving prescription opioids, the effect of legalizing medical marijuana has proven more difficult to gauge and, as a consequence, we are less comfortable drawing firm conclusions. Finally, it is not yet clear how legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes will affect these and other important public health outcomes. We will be able to draw stronger conclusions when more posttreatment data are collected in states that have recently legalized recreational marijuana. (JEL I12, I18, K32, K42, R41)

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Dong, Xiuming. "Recreational Marijuana Sales Legalization and Monday Work Injury Claims." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 22, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2021-0105.

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Abstract An important stylized fact in the literature is that more Workers’ Compensation claims for difficult-to-diagnose injuries are filed on Monday than on any other day of the week. This paper studies the impact of recreational marijuana sales legalization on Monday work injury claims. Using restricted-use Workers’ Compensation claim data in Oregon and a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) model, I find the probability of overall Monday injuries increase by 4 percentage points after recreational marijuana sales legalization. The event study graphs suggest the medium-term effects appear to equal the short-term effects. Additionally, I do not find strong evidence to support those difficult-to-diagnose Monday injuries disproportionately increase after recreational marijuana sales legalization, suggesting a limited moral hazard of Monday injury claiming behavior after recreational marijuana sales legalization.

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Park, Seong-min, Jay J. Shen, Ji Won Yoo, and Shon M. Reed. "The Effect of Marijuana Legalization on the Trajectories of Hard Drug–Related Hospitalizations: A Growth Curve Analysis of the County-Level State Inpatient Database in Washington, 2009–2015." Journal of Drug Issues 50, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042620912695.

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Two antithetical arguments have raised controversies over the effect of recreational marijuana legalization on hard drug use. The gateway perspective posits that marijuana use diffuses hard drug use; however, recent studies argue that marijuana legalization displaces hard drug use. This study examines these conflicting arguments by investigating temporal patterns of hard drug–related hospitalizations (HDHs) before and after marijuana legalization. Using county-level State Inpatient Database data from Washington State for the years 2009–2015, along with other federal data sources, this study assesses temporal changes in HDH using growth curve modeling. Initial findings show support for the displacement perspective, though controlling for other county-level factors (education and economic change) indicates that the legalization of recreational marijuana may be a gateway toward harder drugs. Considering the economic situation of the United States during the study period, this study concludes that marijuana legalization functioned as a gateway toward increased hard drug use.

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Shea, Leticia A., Micheline A. Goldwire, David Hymel, and Doan Bui. "Colorado community pharmacists’ survey and their perspectives regarding marijuana." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212093821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120938215.

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Objectives: With one of the highest prevalence rates for marijuana use in the United States, Colorado provides a great opportunity for insight on common encounters with consumers in the community pharmacy setting. Currently, there is limited data on community pharmacists and their experiences with patients and marijuana. This study aims to identify the most common questions community pharmacists receive about marijuana, how comfortable they are in answering those questions, and to identify knowledge gaps regarding marijuana and pharmaceutical care. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was chosen to survey community pharmacists. A convenience sample of community pharmacists from the greater Denver metro area counties were surveyed about recreational and medical marijuana questions they receive from patients and consumers. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney. Results: Of the 51 pharmacists who completed the survey, 20% received questions about medical marijuana daily or weekly, 57% monthly, and 22% never, while 16% received questions about recreational marijuana weekly, 41% monthly, and 43% never. In addition, 53% were comfortable answering questions about medical marijuana, while 41% were comfortable answering questions about recreational marijuana. The most common questions received were related to indications, uses, and efficacy (33%), followed by drug interactions (30%). Conclusion: The increased acceptance of marijuana by patients warrants pharmacists and other healthcare providers to be confident and familiar with its use. Our findings suggest that the majority of pharmacists are not asking about marijuana use/consumption, and this may be a gap in care. Studies support that other healthcare providers also exhibit hesitancy in initiating these conversations. Consumers are using marijuana products now, so increasing marijuana education for all healthcare professionals during both didactic education and continuing education will be key to ensuring patients have access to evidence-based care regarding the use of marijuana, rather than care based on belief, alone.

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Spetz, Joanne, Susan A. Chapman, Timothy Bates, Matthew Jura, and Laura A. Schmidt. "Social and Political Factors Associated With State-Level Legalization of Cannabis in the United States." Contemporary Drug Problems 46, no. 2 (March 6, 2019): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450919827605.

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Thirty-three U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes and 10 states and DC have legalized marijuana for adult recreational use. This mirrors an international trend toward relaxing restrictions on marijuana. This article analyzes patterns in marijuana laws across U.S. states to shed light on the social and political forces behind the liberalization of marijuana policy following a long era of conservatism. Data on U.S. state-level demographics, economic conditions, and cultural and political characteristics are analyzed, as well as establishment of and levels of support for other drug and social policies, to determine whether there are patterns between states that have liberalized marijuana policy versus those that have not. Laws decriminalizing marijuana possession, as well as those authorizing its sale for medical and recreational use, follow the same pattern of diffusion. The analysis points to underlying patterns of demographic, cultural, economic, and political variation linked to marijuana policy liberalization in the U.S. context, which deserve further examination internationally.

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Adejumo, Adeyinka Charles, and Kyle Staller. "Reply to: Recreational Marijuana Use and Bowel Function." American Journal of Gastroenterology 115, no. 10 (July 29, 2020): 1726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000779.

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Saloner, B., E. E. McGinty, and C. L. Barry. "Policy Strategies to Reduce Youth Recreational Marijuana Use." PEDIATRICS 135, no. 6 (May 4, 2015): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0436.

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Bomhoff, Christopher. "How Florida’s Courts Should Evaluate the Admissibility of Field Sobriety Testing and Blood THC Levels Evidence in Marijuana Impaired Driving Prosecutions." FIU Law Review 18, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/lawrev.18.1.11.

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Field sobriety and blood alcohol concentration tests are proven reliable techniques to determine whether a person us under the influence of alcohol. No such technique has been developed to reliably determine whether a person is under the influence of marijuana. However, despite a lack of scientific consensus regarding the reliability of field sobriety and blood toxicology tests to determine marijuana impairment, these methods are routinely used as evidence of guilt in marijuana impaired driving prosecutions. Twenty-four states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana, and Florida appears to be set to join them in the near future. As a result of increased access to marijuana, it is logical to assume that the percentage of car accidents involving drivers suspected of marijuana impairment will rise. This comment evaluates the current state of science’s ability to detect marijuana impairment; how different states where recreational marijuana use is legal have addressed the admissibility of field sobriety and blood toxicology tests under the Daubert expert evidence admissibility principles in marijuana impaired driving prosecutions; and recommends that Florida judges exclude such evidence from marijuana impaired driving prosecutions until the underlying science is proven to be reliable.

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Rosenberg, Ettie. "Interpretation of California's Marijuana Regulations after Proposition 64 and Pharmacy Practice Roles in Medical Marijuana Dispensing against Federal Enforcement Risks." Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37901/jcphp17-00015.

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California was the first state in the union to pass medical marijuana legislation with Proposition 215, the voter enacted California Compassionate Use Act (CCUA, 1996), though regulatory oversight for the medical marijuana industry was negligible over the next 20 years. In 2015, California legislators passed the Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act (MMRSA), providing a new and comprehensive regulatory framework for medical marijuana, subsequently renaming it the Medical Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act (MCRSA), with a planned implementation of January 1, 2018. In 2016, California's marijuana landscape dramatically changed with the Adult Use of Marijuana Act (AUMA), also known as Proposition 64 (“Prop 64”), a voter initiative successful in legalizing recreational marijuana, where many prior similar initiatives had failed. In 2017, California lawmakers merged the two Acts (MCRSA and AUMA) into the Medical and Adult Use of Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act, (MAUCRSA), known as Senate Bill 94 (SB 94), which passed overwhelmingly and created a single comprehensive marijuana regulatory scheme for California by integrating the 2015 recreational marijuana law with the state's longstanding medical marijuana program, also effective in January 2018. Given the current national marijuana landscape and political climate, California's novel unified model for regulating and taxing marijuana will likely influence how other states proceed to regulate and tax the emerging legal marijuana industry, which has an estimated value of $7 billion. Part One of this article provides an overview of the soon to be effective “harmonized” regulatory scheme for California's medicinal and recreational marijuana industries, touching on its potential to influence other states. Part Two surveys the changed national marijuana landscape within which three states have already implemented a role for pharmacists in medical marijuana dispensing, despite that under the federal Controlled Substances Act, as a Schedule I substance, marijuana remains illegal for any purpose. The recent developments have not surprisingly triggered questions about a pharmacist's liability vis a vis marijuana dispensing and federal enforcement risks. Part Two also attempts to answer those questions through an informative discussion of the national marijuana landscape, the current political climate, and their respective influences on federal marijuana policy and enforcement.

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Edelstein, Offer, Richard Isralowitz, Oren Wacht, Alexander Reznik, and Yaacov Bachner. "What Do Israeli Gerontology Students Think About Medical Marijuana Use for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1354.

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Abstract Aims: The aims of the current study were as follows: 1) to assess gerontology graduate students’ beliefs about medical marijuana’s (MMJ) effectiveness for two common age-related conditions - Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD); 2) to assess students’ beliefs and attitudes toward MMJ; 3) to explore associations linking background characteristics, MMJ-related attitudes and beliefs, and beliefs about the MMJ effectiveness for AD and PD. Method: A sample of 104 (84 women and 20 men) gerontology graduate students voluntarily participated in an anonymous online survey. Results: The vast majority (95%) of the participants indicated they had no formal education about MMJ and reported being unprepared to answer clients’ MMJ-related questions (84.6%). Most of the participants believed that MMJ is effective for use with AD (70.2%) and PD (80.8%) patients. Participants reported favorable beliefs about MMJ benefits, concerns about risks, the need for training, and positive attitudes toward recreational marijuana use legalization. Prior marijuana use (e.g., self-use, friends or family) was found to be associated with more positive beliefs about MMJ benefits, risks, and its legalization for recreational purposes. Prior marijuana use was the only factor associated with the belief that MMJ is an effective therapy for use with individuals diagnosed with AD or PD. Conclusions: The study findings stress the need for students’ MMJ education in order to provide future gerontology service providers with the necessary knowledge and ability to address clients’ questions about MMJ use. Efforts to develop curricula and training programs need to be promoted.

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Brooks-Russell, Ashley, Arnold Levinson, Yaqiang Li, Rebecca Hebner Roppolo, and Sheana Bull. "What Do Colorado Adults Know About Legal Use of Recreational Marijuana After a Media Campaign?" Health Promotion Practice 18, no. 2 (November 4, 2016): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916677210.

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Background. Colorado is among the first states to legalize the recreational sale of marijuana and therefore among the first to develop regulations outlining the purchase, possession, consumption, and enforcement, and penalties. Colorado legislators set aside funds for a statewide informational media campaign to educate Colorado residents on legal use of marijuana. Method. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mass media campaign to increase awareness of the law through a prospective cohort surveyed before and 6 months after the launch of the campaign ( n = 798). Results. A total of 28.0% reported recall of the Good to Know campaign. There was a significant positive change in accurate knowledge of marijuana laws from baseline to follow-up for each of the four primary indicators of knowledge of the marijuana laws. Among those who had inaccurate knowledge of the laws at baseline, those who reported seeing the campaign at least once or more were 2.53 (95% confidence interval = 1.29-4.95) times as likely to report accurate knowledge of the laws at follow-up compared with those who did not recall seeing the campaign, particularly among marijuana users. Conclusions. Those individuals who reported recall of the campaign were more likely to increase their accurate knowledge of marijuana laws.

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Clarke, Paige, Tonya Dodge, and Michelle L. Stock. "The Impact of Recreational Marijuana Legislation in Washington, DC on Marijuana Use Cognitions." Substance Use & Misuse 53, no. 13 (April 13, 2018): 2165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2018.1461226.

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Kurnijuanto, G., and T. Kantohe. "The effects of recreational use of marijuana in adolescent brain health: A review." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.368.

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IntroductionMarijuana is widely used among people, recreationally and medically. However, recent studies have shown that Marijuana has negative effects on brain structures and functions.ObjectivesTo discuss the effects of Marijuana use on brain development in adolescence.MethodsThe method that is used in this study is literature review, through analyzing and summarizing the data that were collected from PubMed, epidemiology articles from BNN and CDC, and other online journals to understand the effects of Marijuana on the brain development in adolescence. There were 25499 articles that were filtered and screened resulting in 10 articles that were used as data of this literature review.ResultsMarijuana effects on the brain are divided into structural changes and functional changes. Structural changes are seen in the brain hemispheres, amygdala, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens. While functional changes are seen in behavioral and cognitive changes in everyday life and even psychotic disorders.ConclusionsMarijuana use has shown negative effects on the human body, organs that are rich in cannabinoid receptors, especially the Brain. Therefore, Marijuana use among adolescents may disrupt their developing brain, and cause adolescents to have structural and functional changes in the brain.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Balouch, Bailey, Ghiath Alnouri, and Robert Sataloff. "The Effect of Marijuana on the Voice." Journal of Singing 80, no. 1 (August 15, 2023): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53830/zpsi4234.

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Marijuana is derived from the cannabis sativa plant originating in central and southeast Asia. In recent years, there was increasing popularity and use of marijuana in addition to the legalization of its recreational use in parts of the United States. Singing teachers should be fam iliar with the voice effects of marijuana so that they may counsel students about marijuana usage. The authors sent a web-based questionnaire to adult voice center patients. The survey was designed to collect relevant demographic data, past laryngeal history, marijuana use history, and beliefs about effects of marijuana on voice. Those who used marijuana reported voice symptoms that they attributed to marijuana use, including hoarseness, breathiness and weakness. Smoking marijuana may cause immediate and long-term voice dysfunction. No positive changes to the voice have been identified. Further research is necessary to evaluate changes to the voice and safety of marijuana use, but voice teachers should be aware of the common adverse effects.

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Lusk, Stephanie L., Teresia M. Paul, and Raylon Wilson. "The Potential Impact of the Legalization and Decriminalization of Marijuana on the Vocational Rehabilitation Process. Why the Buzz?" Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 46, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.46.2.3.

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The medicinal use of marijuana has been legalized in 23 states and the District of Columbia to date. Of these states, Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and most recently Alaska have legalized the recreational use of marijuana for individuals 21 and older as well. There are also 18 states that have decriminalized its use while all other states have some form of prohibition laws. Because individuals with disabilities are at an increased risk for developing substance use disorders or have ailments (e.g., multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain) that can possibly be treated using marijuana, this could potentially create an unwelcomed challenge through which counselors and consumers alike must navigate. As a result, it is important that counselors, service providers, and policy makers be proactive in thinking about and preparing for any and all consequences particularly as it relates to the vocational rehabilitation process. Engaging in dialogue and addressing the issues surrounding the use of marijuana beforehand allows for the development of an action plan that has been thoroughly considered and can then be administered in an efficient and streamlined fashion. This paper hopes to serve as the impetus for such dialogue while also providing information on marijuana’s pharmacological properties, the positive and negative benefits of its use, legal considerations, and training and educational implications for counselors.

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Pacula, Rosalie. "The impact of medical marijuana policies on recreational use." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 43, no. 3 (October 2012): e9-e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2012.08.056.

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Rumalla, Kavelin, Adithi Y. Reddy, and Manoj K. Mittal. "Association of Recreational Marijuana Use with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 25, no. 2 (February 2016): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.10.019.

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Miller, Austin M., Robert Rosenman, and Benjamin W. Cowan. "Recreational marijuana legalization and college student use: Early evidence." SSM - Population Health 3 (December 2017): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.08.001.

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Paschall, Mallie J., and Joel W. Grube. "Recreational Marijuana Availability in Oregon and Use Among Adolescents." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 58, no. 2 (February 2020): e63-e69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.09.020.

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Ravindra B. Malabadi, Simuzar S. Mammadova, Kiran P. Kolkar, Sadiya MR, Raju K. Chalannavar, and Karen Viviana Castaño Coronado. "Cannabis sativa: A therapeutic medicinal plant-global marketing updates." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.2.0044.

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Cannabis has been used for thousands of years for recreational, medicinal, or religious purposes and the therapeutic potential of medicinal Cannabis was demonstrated in various medical conditions. The legalization of Cannabis is an important source of economic growth as it contributes to the growing revenue tax, and the creation of new workplaces. The maturity of the Cannabis market varies across the globe mainly due to differing legal environments and public attitudes towards Cannabis. Some countries such as Canada and the United States have adopted fully regulated frameworks that allow the cultivation, consumption, and retail distribution of various Cannabis products. Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the production, distribution and consumption of cannabis in 2013. The Cannabis market in Canada and the USA is experiencing rapid growth due to the country's legalization of recreational use. Regulations can also differ regarding how cannabis is used. However, the use, cultivation, and marketing of Medical Cannabis sativa (drug or Marijuana type ) is banned and prohibited in India due to the presence of high levels of psychoactive principle THC (Narcotic drug). On the other hand, Industrial Cannabis sativa (seed or fiber type) Hemp was legalized in 2021 by The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Government of India, New Delhi. In Azerbaijan, Cannabis is not available for medical or recreational use. Recreational Cannabis and medical marijuana are illegal in Azerbaijan. Marijuana is illegal for medical and recreational purposes in China. There is still a huge prejudice in society about medical Cannabis due to its recreational use. However, this scenario is changing, and the social resistance is decreasing for the medicinal use of Cannabis. The Cannabis (Hemp) market in India is predicted to experience a substantial revenue growth, with projections indicating that it will reach ₹US$100.80m by 2024. The Cannabis market worldwide is projected to reach a revenue of US$60.79bn in 2024. The global legal marijuana market size is expected to reach USD 73.6 billion by 2027 and is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 18.1% during the forecast period.

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Donnelly, Joseph, Michael Young, Brenda Marshall, Michael L. Hecht, and Elena Saldutti. "Public Health Implications of Cannabis Legalization: An Exploration of Adolescent Use and Evidence-Based Interventions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063336.

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This article examines the relaxation of state marijuana laws, changes in adolescent use of marijuana, and implications for drug education. Under federal law, use of marijuana remains illegal. In spite of this federal legislation, as of 1 June 2021, 36 states, four territories and the District of Columbia have enacted medical marijuana laws. There are 17 states, two territories and the District of Columbia that have also passed recreational marijuana laws. One of the concerns regarding the enactment of legislation that has increased access to marijuana is the possibility of increased adolescent use of marijuana. While there are documented benefits of marijuana use for certain medical conditions, we know that marijuana use by young people can interfere with brain development, so increased marijuana use by adolescents raises legitimate health concerns. A review of results from national survey data, including CDC’s YRBS, Monitoring the Future, and the National Household Survey on Drug Use, allows us to document changes in marijuana use over time. Increased legal access to marijuana also has implications for educational programming. A “Reefer Madness” type educational approach no longer works (if it ever did). We explore various strategies, including prevention programs for education about marijuana, and make recommendations for health educators.

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Doucette, Mitchell L., Shannon Frattaroli, and Jon S. Vernick. "Oral fluid testing for marijuana intoxication: enhancing objectivity for roadside DUI testing." Injury Prevention 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042264.

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Reducing marijuana-impaired driving is an important part of any strategy to prevent motor vehicle traffic injuries. In Colorado, the first of eight US states and the District of Columbia to legalise marijuana for recreational use, drivers with positive tests for the presence of marijuana accounted for a larger proportion of fatal MVCs after marijuana commercialisation. The use of blood tests to screen for marijuana intoxication, in Colorado and elsewhere in the USA, poses a number of challenges. Many high-income countries use oral fluid drug testing (OF) to provide roadside evidence of marijuana intoxication. A 2009 Belgium policy implementing OF roadside testing increased true positives and decreased false positives of suspected marijuana-related driving under the influence (DUI) arrests. US policy-makers should consider using roadside OF to increase objectivity and reliability for tests used in marijuana-related DUI arrests.

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Tomiyama, Ken-ichi, and Masahiko Funada. "Present Conditions of Marijuana Regulation in USA: Medical and Recreational Use." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 140, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.19-00195-2.

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Berg, Carla J., Ana Aslanikashvili, and Mamuka Djibuti. "A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Youth Smoking Rates and Correlates in Tbilisi, Georgia." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/476438.

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Georgia has high smoking rates; however, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of youth smoking. We conducted a secondary data analysis of a 2010 cross-sectional survey of 1,879 secondary and postsecondary school students aged 15 to 24 years in Tbilisi, Georgia, examining substance use, perceived risk, and recreational activities in relation to lifetime and current (past 30 days) smoking. Lifetime and current smoking prevalence was 46.1% and 22.6%, respectively. In secondary schools, lifetime smoking correlates included being male, consuming alcohol, lifetime marijuana use, and lower perceived risk (P’s ≤ .001). Correlates of current smoking among lifetime smokers included being male, consuming alcohol, lifetime marijuana use, lower perceived risk, less frequently exercise, and more often going out (P’s < .05). In postsecondary schools, lifetime smoking correlates included being male, consuming alcohol, lifetime marijuana use, lower perceived risk, more often going out, and recreational internet use (P’s < .0). Correlates of current smoking among lifetime smokers included being male (P’s = .04), consuming alcohol, marijuana use, lower perceived risk, and more often going out (P’s < .05). Tobacco control interventions might target these correlates to reduce smoking prevalence in Georgian youth.

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Sugheir, Jeffrey S., and Kent E. Neupert. "Effectuation and Valuation: Cannabis & Glass." Journal of Entrepreneurship 26, no. 1 (March 2017): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355716677397.

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The state-legalized marijuana industries in the United States, both medical and recreational, are providing entrepreneurs and investors with remarkable growth opportunities, albeit with some serious business risks and challenges. This case study provides an overview of the developing industry based on the third state to approve the sale and use of recreational marijuana and a couple of young entrepreneurs’ new retail venture. Consideration of a substantial offer to buy their business forces the valuation of their largely effectual results, and consideration of alternatives .

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Lee, Min Jee, Ramzi Salloum, and Arun Sharma. "Marijuana use among US adults with cancer: Findings from the 2018-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 12088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.12088.

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12088 Background: Cancer survivors experiencing adverse effects from their cancer and treatment report decreased symptom burden with marijuana use. An increasing number of U.S. states have legalized marijuana use for both medical and recreational purposes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of current marijuana use and to identify the factors associated with its use among US adults with cancer living in 17 U.S. states and territories. Methods: Data from the 2018-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Marijuana Use module were analyzed. In 2018, 13 states (California, Florida, Idaho, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wyoming) and 2 territories (Guam and Puerto Rico) participated in the optional marijuana use module. In 2019, 12 states (California, Idaho, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming) and 1 territory (Guam) participated in the optional marijuana use module. The analytic sample included 13,174 adults with cancer. The analysis was weighted to account for BRFSS’s complex survey design. The primary outcome was current marijuana use (in the past 30-days). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral factors associated with marijuana use among US adults with cancer. Results: Overall, 9.2% of adult cancer survivors (n = 13,174; weighted 5.7 million; 37.9% men) reported marijuana recently current use, 51.3% of whom used it for medical reasons only, with 65.2% reporting smoking as the main method of administration. Adult cancer survivors were significantly more like to use marijuana if they were younger (odds ratio [OR] for 55-64 versus 18-44 years old: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38-0.93; P < 0.01); male (OR for female versus male: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.48-0.87; P < 0.01); non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.21-3.33; P < 0.01); having depression (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.17-2.14; P < 0.01) and current (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 2.20-4.74; P < 0.01) or former tobacco smoker (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.70-3.38; P < 0.01) and binge drinker (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.53-3.29; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Among a large cohort of US adults with cancer, marijuana use was commonly reported and certain subgroups were at higher risk for marijuana use. Health professionals should identify the risk factors for elevated marijuana use, especially as more states legalize medical and recreational marijuana use despite uncertain health risks.

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Fleary, Sasha, Aaron Taylor, Robert W. Heffer, and E. Lisako McKyer. "Parent and Peer Influence on Recreational Use of Pain Medication: Are Their Influences Similar to That of Marijuana Use?" ISRN Addiction 2013 (August 28, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/236249.

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Parent and peer disapproval were examined as potential predictors of recreational use of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription pain medication. Risk perception was studied as a potential mediator of the effects of parent and peer disapproval. Four hundred and sixty-five college students (, ) were recruited between September 2009 and September 2010. Participants completed an online survey about their recreational medication use, other substance use, and correlates of use. Path analyses showed that predictors of OTC and prescription pain medication recreational use are largely similar to predictors of marijuana use in college students such that risk perception mediated both the effect of parent and peer disapproval on dichotomous misuse, and peer disapproval had a significant direct effect on dichotomous misuse. Prevention interventions for recreational use of pain medication should target risk perception and peer disapproval.

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Carlson, B. Robert, and Jaime L. Davis. "Demographic Variables and Recreational Substance Use among College Students." Journal of Drug Education 18, no. 1 (March 1988): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/b561-n2d3-ndxe-eg9y.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between demographic variables and recreational substance use within the college population. Eight hundred thirty-two college-aged students were given the Wellness Activity Profile, a questionnaire that includes sections yielding demographic and recreational substance usage data. Discriminant analyses of the data indicated that persons using recreational substances differed significantly from non-users. Marijuana users differed from non-users on parental income, high school grade point average, gender, and political orientation, while no demographic differences were found between cocaine users and non-users. Composite substance users differed from non-users on political orientation, parental income, and gender.

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Kerr, David C. R., Harold Bae, and Andrew L. Koval. "Oregon recreational marijuana legalization: Changes in undergraduates’ marijuana use rates from 2008 to 2016." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 32, no. 6 (September 2018): 670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000385.

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Ogden, Ruth S., and Joseph Faulkner. "The Influence of Recreational Drug Use on Experiences of the Passage of Time." SUCHT 68, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000761.

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Abstract: Background: Laboratory research suggests that alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and MDMA influence the processing of time. Anecdotal reports of recreational drug use also often include descriptions of changes in the speed of the passage of time. Despite this, little is known about how and why recreational drug use influences the passage of time. Aim: To examine retrospective self-reports of the passage of time during a previous instance of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine or MDMA use. To establish the effect of substance use frequency, substance dose, anxiety, depression and stress on the passage of time. Methods: Using an online questionnaire, passage of time judgments were collected for the current day as well as recent instances of alcohol, cocaine, marijuana or MDMA use. Measures of affect, typical substance use frequency and substance use amount were taken. Results: Time was remembered as passing significantly more quickly than normal during alcohol, cocaine and MDMA use. Marijuana was associated with time passing more slowly than normal. Regression analysis revealed that drug induced distortions to the passage of time use were not predicted by drug use frequency, dose, depression, anxiety or stress. Furthermore, comparison of recreational drug users and non-users did not indicate any long-term effects of drug use on the passage of time. Conclusions: The results suggest that whilst distortions to the passage of time are a common feature of drug use, their causes are complex.

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Ramseyer, Abigail, Stefanie Kennon-McGill, Laura L. Miron, Cheryl H. Wells, Kaitlyn Davis, and Shona Ray-Griffith. "Perceptions About Marijuana Use in Pregnancy Among Pregnant Users and Nonusers in a State Without Legalized Recreational Cannabis [ID 2683513]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 143, no. 5S (May 2024): 62S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0001013804.71836.70.

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INTRODUCTION: Cannabis use in pregnancy is rising. The objective of this study is to compare attitudes regarding marijuana use among pregnant users and nonusers. METHODS: This was a prospective study (IRB #262700) in which a 35-question, anonymous survey was distributed to pregnant patients at outpatient prenatal visits across gestation. Questions included topics regarding marijuana use in pregnancy, perceived risks, and provider–patient education. RESULTS: 408/460 (88.7%) approached pregnant patients completed the survey. Self-reported rate of marijuana use during pregnancy: 11.8% (48/408). There were no ethnic differences in users and the most common age for use was 18–24 years (24/48). 79% (38/48) reported use two to three times weekly or greater. Average response score (Likert scale) for participants using marijuana compared to those who did not to the following statements were statistically significant and positive towards prenatal use: belief that pregnant patients should refrain from marijuana use: 2.31 versus 3.53 (<.001); acceptability of medical marijuana: 3.68 versus 2.82 (<.001); minimal health risk: 4.15 versus 2.96 (<.001); support for legalization of recreational marijuana: 4.58 versus 3.51 (<.001). Lack of counseling on cessation and risk of cannabis use in pregnancy were reported by 82% and 84% of participants with 74% of current users reporting lack of counseling. 54% of users desired more information regarding cannabis-related pregnancy complications. CONCLUSION: Higher-than-expected self-reported marijuana use during pregnancy. Lack of counseling on risks of marijuana use and importance of cessation highlight an important opportunity for counseling and intervention supporting current ACOG guidelines of SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, and treatment referral).

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Lee, Min Jee, and Eric Adjei Boakye. "State variation in marijuana use among U.S. adults with cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e24064-e24064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e24064.

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e24064 Background: The number of cancer survivors in the United States (U.S.) is projected to exceed 20 million by 2024. More and more U.S. states are legalizing marijuana use for both recreational and medicinal purposes. This study estimated the prevalence of marijuana use by state among adult cancer survivors. Methods: U.S nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2018-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey (BRFSS) Marijuana Use module were used. A total of 13,174 cancer survivors in 17 states was included. Analyses were weighted to account for BRFSS’s complex survey design with results generalizable to 5.7 million cancer survivors. The outcome variable was marijuana use in the past 30 days. Weighted prevalence estimates were computed. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression model estimated the association between state and marijuana use, adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and healthcare factors. Analyses were performed in January 2021. Results: The prevalence of past-month marijuana use among adult cancer survivors in these states was 9.2%. States varied widely in terms of the prevalence of marijuana use. Marijuana use was higher among those who resided in Guam (15.9%), followed by New Hampshire (13.1%), and lowest for those in Puerto Rico (3.3%) ( p< 0.0001). In the adjusted models, compared with the adult cancer survivors residing in California, those living in Maryland, Minnesota, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming were significantly less likely to use marijuana. Conclusions: Nearly 9% of adult cancer survivors used marijuana, and those who resided in Guam, New Hampshire, Florida, and California are at higher risk for marijuana use. Given the increasing number of cancer survivors and the proliferation of marijuana legalization, identifying high-risk cancer survivors for marijuana use and informing physicians and patients about safe uses and doses and the potential adverse effects of marijuana use is critical.

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Beyer, Gerry W., and Brooke Dacus. "Puff, The Magic Dragon, and the Estate Planner." Blunt Truth: Looking at the Effects of Marijuana on Property Interests 3, no. 1 (October 2015): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v3.i1.1.

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With the legalization of medical and recreational marijuana in almost half of the states, practitioners need to be aware of the interface between marijuana and estate planning. This Article provides a discussion of the major issues that arise in this context. After bringing readers current with the history of legalized marijuana, the Article focuses on how marijuana use may impact a user’s capacity to execute a will and other estate planning documents. The Article then examines other estate planning concerns such as will and trust provisions conditioning benefits on the non-use of “illegal drugs” and the impact of marijuana use on life insurance policies. The Article wraps up with a discussion of how an estate planner may deal with marijuana-based assets when planning an estate and how to value those assets after the owner has died.

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Chandler, Laura, Aimn W. Abdujawad, Sinjini Mitra, and Archana J. McEligot. "Marijuana use and high-risk health behaviors among diverse college students post- legalization of recreational marijuana use." Public Health in Practice 2 (November 2021): 100195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100195.

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Kerr, David C. R., Harold Bae, Sandi Phibbs, and Adam C. Kern. "Changes in undergraduates’ marijuana, heavy alcohol and cigarette use following legalization of recreational marijuana use in Oregon." Addiction 112, no. 11 (July 11, 2017): 1992–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.13906.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Recreational marijuana use'

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