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DIESER, RODNEY B. "Genealogy of the United States Therapeutic Recreation Certification Framework." Leisure Studies 24, no. 1 (January 2005): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0201436042000250140.
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Bergstrom, John C., R. Jeff Teasley, H. Ken Cordell, Ray Souter, and Donald B. K. English. "Effects of Reservoir Aquatic Plant Management on Recreational Expenditures and Regional Economic Activity." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 28, no. 2 (December 1996): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800007409.
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AbstractExotic aquatic plant management is a major concern for public reservoir management in many regions of the United States. A study was conducted to measure the effects of alternative aquatic plant management strategies on recreational expenditures and regional economic activity. The study area was Lake Guntersville, Alabama, and the local economy surrounding the lake. Lake Guntersville is one of the largest reservoirs in the Tennessee Valley Authority system. Results suggested that relatively moderate levels of aquatic plant control are associated with the highest levels of recreation-related economic effects on the economy surrounding Lake Guntersville.
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Mattson, Jeremy. "Relationships between Density and per Capita Municipal Spending in the United States." Urban Science 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5030069.
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The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between land use, particularly density, and per capita spending levels in cities across the United States. A model was developed using data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances to estimate the impacts of population-weighted density and other factors on per capita municipal spending. This study focused on municipal spending for eight categories that theoretically could be influenced by land use development: fire protection, streets and highways, libraries, parks and recreation, police, sewer, solid waste management, and water. Density was found to be negatively associated with per capita municipal expenditures for the following cost categories: operational costs for fire protection, streets and highways, parks and recreation, sewer, solid waste management, and water; construction costs for streets and highways, parks and recreation, sewer, and water; and land and existing facility costs for police, sewer, and water. Results were insignificant for other cost categories, and a positive relationship was found for police operations costs. In general, results support the conclusion that increased density is associated with reduced per capita municipal spending for several cost categories.
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Dieser, Rodney. "Special issues: Global therapeutic recreation: Should the United States therapeutic recreation profession and the United States National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC) be replicated in other nations." World Leisure Journal 55, no. 4 (October 24, 2013): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2013.843305.
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Zawacki, William T., Allan Marsinko, and J. M. Bowker. "A Travel Cost Analysis of Nonconsumptive Wildlife-Associated Recreation in the United States." Forest Science 46, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/46.4.496.
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Abstract Increased emphasis on sustainable resource management in forestry has effectuated a demand for various nontimber values. Nonconsumptive wildlife recreation is an important nontimber service produced on forest and rangeland. Travel cost models and data from the 1991 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation are used to estimate the demand and value for nonconsumptive wildlife-associated recreation in the United States. Resulting welfare measures are shown to be sensitive to assumptions about the cost of travel time, pecuniary costs, and functional form. Consumer surplus estimates range from 18.7 to 327.5 dollars per trip, while aggregate estimates of consumer surplus resulting from access to nonconsumptive wildlife recreation range from 5.8 to 66.4 billion dollars annually. Availability of information about nonparticipants allows comparison of truncated and untruncated demand models. Contrary to previous findings, consumer surplus estimates from truncated models are smaller than for untruncated counterparts. Trip demand is found to be adversely affected by per capita decreases in forest and rangeland. Models include interaction variables to avoid forcing hunting or fishing as potential substitutes for the large number of people who do not hunt or fish. Hunting and nonconsumptive wildlife recreation are complementary activities, while the results for fishing are mixed. FOR. SCI. 46(4):496–506.
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Mulrooney, Aaron, Alvy Styles, and Eric Green. "Risk Management Practices at Higher Educational Sport and Recreation Centers." Recreational Sports Journal 26, no. 2 (November 2002): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/rsj.26.2.41.
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Risk management is an issue that has been previously addressed in recreation and athletic professions. The litigious nature of today's society requires that risk management procedures and policies be in place in recreation and athletic facilities. An institution that has implemented risk management procedures will better protect itself from costly litigation. This article is a follow-up to a 1997 article by Mulrooney & Green that discussed the overall risk management process and presented a risk management paradigm for recreational sport facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine college recreation facilities to elucidate if risk management procedures were in place in light of Spiegler v. State of Arizona (1996). This case resulted in a $5,000,000 verdict for the plaintiff, a result that might have been avoided with a properly developed and implemented risk management program. The study also examined the importance administrative personnel placed on having a risk management policy, and to what degree risk procedures and risk management training were implemented. A questionnaire designed and validated for utilization in a previous study was sent to 178 Division 1 universities throughout the United States. One hundred and twenty-three respondents completed and returned the survey. Based upon the results of the study, it is evident that the importance of risk management and its impact on liability reduction has not reached the administration of campus recreation and sport programs.
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Duffield, John W., Chris J. Neher, David A. Patterson, and Aaron M. Deskins. "Effects of wildfire on national park visitation and the regional economy: a natural experiment in the Northern Rockies." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 8 (2013): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12170.
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Federal wildland fire management policy in the United States directs the use of value-based methods to guide priorities. However, the economic literature on the effect of wildland fire on nonmarket uses, such as recreation, is limited. This paper introduces a new approach to measuring the effect of wildfire on recreational use by utilising newly available long-term datasets on the location and size of wildland fire in the United States and observed behaviour over time as revealed through comprehensive National Park Service (NPS) visitor data. We estimate travel cost economic demand models that can be aggregated at the site-landscape level for Yellowstone National Park (YNP). The marginal recreation benefit per acre of fire avoided in, or proximate to, the park is US$43.82 per acre (US$108.29 per hectare) and the net present value loss for the 1986–2011 period is estimated to be US$206 million. We also estimate marginal regional economic impacts at US$36.69 per acre (US$90.66 per hectare) and US$159 million based on foregone non-resident spending in the 17-county Great Yellowstone Area (GYA). These methods are applicable where time-series recreation data exist, such as for other parks and ecosystems represented in the 397-unit NPS system.
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Knight, Kyle W., and Feng Hao. "Is Outdoor Recreation Associated with Greater Climate Change Concern in the United States?" Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063520.
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There has been extensive research on the association between environmental attitudes and outdoor recreation (or nature-based leisure activities) since the 1970s. There is now considerable evidence to support the claim that spending time in nature leads to greater connectedness to nature and thereby greater pro-environmental attitudes and behavior. However, there is an absence of research focused specifically on the association between outdoor recreation and concern for climate change, which is arguably the most pressing environmental problem facing the world today. We build on previous research by using the 2021 General Social Survey and structural equation modeling to analyze the association between frequency of engaging in outdoor recreation and concern for climate change among adults in the United States, with special attention to the role of enjoying being in nature. Controlling for other factors, we find that frequency of outdoor recreation has a positive, significant effect on climate change concern, but only indirectly via enjoyment of nature. Individuals who more frequently engage in outdoor recreation activities tend to report a greater sense of enjoyment of being outside in nature, and this enjoyment of nature is associated with a higher level of concern for climate change.
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Gellman, Jacob, Margaret Walls, and Matthew Wibbenmeyer. "Wildfire, smoke, and outdoor recreation in the western United States." Forest Policy and Economics 134 (January 2022): 102619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102619.
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Witt, Peter A., and John L. Crompton. "Positive Youth Development Practices in Recreation Settings in the United States." World Leisure Journal 45, no. 2 (January 2003): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2003.9674311.
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Jones, Walter Daryl. "Natural Resource Enterprises: Payments to Landowners for Ecosystem Services from Forests and their Management in the United States of America (U.S.)." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0005.
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Abstract Mississippi landowners were found to diversify incomes from forests through fee-access outdoor recreation, including hunting, angling, wildlife watching, and other nature-based activities (Jones et al. 2005). The Natural Resource Enterprises (NRE) Program at Mississippi State University educates private landowners, resource agencies, and local communities about recreational enterprises, conservation, and integration of these activities with sustainable forestry through educational workshops. Since 2005, the NRE Program has organized and conducted over 75 landowner workshops in 11 U.S. states and Sweden and trained in excess of 4,000 participants in outdoor recreational business development and associated conservation practices. Survey results revealed that our programming has initiated over 1,000 new outdoor recreational businesses on an estimated 1.2 million hectares of forest and agricultural lands, generating over $14 million in incomes while fostering natural resource conservation on family farms in the U.S. NRE development on rural lands benefits landowners and local communities through promoting payments for ecosystem services supported by sustainable forests.
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Williams, Nathan. "Exploring Outdoor Recreation Activities as a Facilitator for College Student Diversity Experiences." Recreational Sports Journal 46, no. 1 (April 2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15588661211047595.
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Racial intolerance and violence in the United States, and on college campuses specifically, has created a dire need for universities to bridge gaps between students of diverse backgrounds and beliefs. Campus recreation programs offer promising environments for students from diverse identities to engage with each other and learn about peers, while increasing their openness to diversity. Despite this potential, little is known about how students engage with diversity in recreation contexts. This phenomenological study uncovered the experiences of students attending diversity-focused outdoor adventure trips and examined the facets of this recreation environment that contributed to engagement with diverse peers. Campus recreation administrators can use these findings to consider parallel experiences throughout recreation programs that can bring students from diverse backgrounds together.
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Mangun, William R., and John B. Loomis. "AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FUNDING ALTERNATIVES FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION IN THE UNITED STATES." Review of Policy Research 7, no. 2 (December 1987): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00057.x.
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Walsh, Katie M., Mary Ann Cooper, Ron Holle, Vladimir A. Rakov, William P. Roeder, and Michael Ryan. "National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Lightning Safety for Athletics and Recreation." Journal of Athletic Training 48, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.2.25.
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Objective: To present recommendations for the education, prevention, and management of lightning injuries for those involved in athletics or recreation. Background: Lightning is the most common severe-storm activity encountered annually in the United States. The majority of lightning injuries can be prevented through an aggressive educational campaign, vacating outdoor activities before the lightning threat, and an understanding of the attributes of a safe place from the hazard. Recommendations: This position statement is focused on supplying information specific to lightning safety and prevention and treatment of lightning injury and providing lightning-safety recommendations for the certified athletic trainer and those who are involved in athletics and recreation.
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Obedzinski, Robert A., Charles G. Shaw, and Daniel G. Neary. "Declining Woody Vegetation in Riparian Ecosystems of the Western United States." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/16.4.169.
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Abstract Riparian ecosystems serve critical ecological functions in western landscapes. The woody plant components in many of these keystone systems are in serious decline. Among the causes are invasion by exotic species, stress-induced mortality, increases in insect and disease attack, drought, beaver, fire, climatic changes, and various anthropogenic activities. The latter include agricultural development, groundwater depletion, dam construction, water diversion, gravel mining, timber harvesting, recreation, urbanization, and grazing. This article examines the factors implicated in the decline and discusses the importance of interactions among these factors in causing decline. It also clarifies issues that need to be addressed in order to restore and maintain sustainable riparian ecosystems in the western United States, including the function of vegetation, silvics of the woody plant species involved, hydrologic condition, riparian zone structure, and landscape features, geomorphology, and management objectives. West. J. Appl. For. 16(4):169-181.
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Vicory, Alan H., and Peter A. Tennant. "Sustainable management of the Ohio River (USA) by an interjurisdictionally represented commission." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1995): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0600.
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In 1948 the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) was established to abate pollution of a major river basin in the United States. The commission consists of representatives of eight states in the Ohio River Valley and the United States Government. The necessity of such an interstate commission, representing multiple jurisdictions, reflects the nature of the Ohio River which is approximately 1,580 km in length, transverses six states, and is extensively used for public and industrial water supply, wastewater disposal, transportation, power generation and recreation. ORSANCO's programmes include coordination and communication, setting and enforcing wastewater discharge standards, operating key water quality monitoring programmes for the Ohio River and major tributaries, data assessments and studies to evaluate problems and programmes for remediation, and monitoring when spills occur. The Commission's approach to achieving improved water quality, while at the same time balancing the needs of the users of the river, is accomplished by successfully involving and integrating the various interests in river management (governmental agencies, industry, public utilities, other river users and the general public) into its programme planning and implementation. Thus an intergovernmental agency which encourages co-operation with non-governmental entities can be an effective approach to sustainable management of a major river.
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Henderson, Karla, Heidi Grappendorf, Candice Bruton, and Stacy Tomas. "The status of women in the parks and recreation profession in the United States." World Leisure Journal 55, no. 1 (February 27, 2013): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2012.759142.
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Carlson, Andrew K., Wiebren J. Boonstra, Sofie Joosse, Daniel I. Rubenstein, and Simon A. Levin. "More than ponds amid skyscrapers: Urban fisheries as multiscalar human–natural systems." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.025.01.49.
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Abstract Although social-ecological fisheries research is growing, comparatively little attention is paid to fisheries in urban environments. We aim to address this imbalance, because as cities expand worldwide, we expect urban fisheries to become more widespread and important in providing food/nutrition security, recreation, community well-being, and other benefits to fisheries stakeholders and urban dwellers across spatiotemporal scales. This paper contains a first analysis of the economic and sociocultural provisions, trade-offs, and dilemmas associated with urban fisheries to yield insights for sustainable management and planning of urban blue space. To address these objectives, we use the metacoupling framework, a method for assessing human–nature interactions within and across adjacent and distant fisheries systems. We use examples from multiple countries and data from the United States to illustrate how urban fisheries encompass flows of people, money, and information across multiple spatiotemporal scales and provide nutritional, recreational, social, and cultural benefits to fisheries stakeholders. Throughout the world, urban fisheries are influenced by wide-ranging human needs (e.g. food provisioning, recreation, aquatic resource education) that generate social-ecological effects within and beyond cities. Our analysis yields insights for developing holistic, metacoupling-informed management approaches that address the diverse social-ecological objectives and trade-offs involved in sustainable development of urban fisheries.
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Popadynets, N., O. Hrafska, and O. Halachenko. "Foreign experience in managing natural park areas." Balanced nature using, no. 3 (June 28, 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.3.2023.289321.
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Although the importance of preserving the environment and encouraging public recreation in national parks is widely recognized, challenges to achieving these goals remain. With over a century of national park management experience, the institutional knowledge of national park systems in the European Union and the United States can offer valuable insights into best management practices. Effective and sustainable management of a national park requires an organizational structure at the state level with respect for local institutions at the park level, involvement of stakeholders in park management decisions, public involvement encouraged by information sharing and education, clarity of boundaries, improved relations with landowners of adjacent lands, and give priority to improving relations with the indigenous population. It has been determined that better park management relies on education to increase public awareness of the importance of national parks and park systems. Tourism and climate change were identified as creating increasing challenges for park management, underscoring the shared urgency of addressing these challenges. The foreign experience on the example of the European Union and the United States of America regarding the management of the territories of natural parks is studied. Three methods of using information on management efficiency are characterized: programming, which includes identifying problems and setting priorities; adaptive management, which is based on the use of performance data for the purpose of continuous improvement of management processes; accountability, which means providing reports and answers about activities and performance. It has been proven that in modern times, due to restrictions established by legislation, the territories of national parks in Ukraine do not have wide access for organized mass tourism and recreation.
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Cuskelly, Graham, and Christopher J. Auld. "Perceived Importance of Selected Job Responsibilities of Sport and Recreation Managers: An Australian Perspective." Journal of Sport Management 5, no. 1 (January 1991): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.5.1.34.
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This investigation examined the perceived importance of a range of occupational responsibilities of sport and recreation managers and whether there were differences according to the organizational setting. A self-administered mail questionnaire was sent to 196 sport and recreation managers in Queensland, Australia; there was an effective response rate of 124 (69%). The results indicated that the job responsibilities perceived as most important were public relations, financial management, program planning and management, and interpersonal communication. Significant differences were found between managers in different work settings. It was also evident that there were commonalities in the perceived importance of job competencies between the United States and Australia. The study concluded that there have been generally consistent findings about the perceived importance of job competencies, and that different sectors of the sport industry require different emphases in curricula development and professional development programs.
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Rijal, G., J. K. Tolson, C. Petropoulou, T. C. Granato, A. Glymph, C. Gerba, M. F. Deflaun, C. O’Connor, L. Kollias, and R. Lanyon. "Microbial risk assessment for recreational use of the Chicago Area Waterway System." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 1 (February 3, 2011): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.020.
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A microbial risk assessment was conducted to estimate the human health risks from incidental contact recreational activities such as canoeing, boating and fishing in the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) receiving secondary treated, but non-disinfected, effluent from three municipal water reclamation plants. Actual concentrations of the pathogens (pathogenic E. coli [estimated], Giardia, Cryptosporidium, adenovirus, norovirus, enteric virus) detected from the waterway field data collection at locations upstream and downstream of the effluent outfall during dry and wet weather conditions within the recreation season were included in the risk assessment. The results under the current treatment scheme with no disinfection indicated that the total expected gastrointestinal illness (GI) rate per 1000 incidental contact recreational exposure events during combined weather (dry and wet) conditions ranged from 0.10 to 2.78 in the CAWS, which is below the eight illnesses per 1000 swimmers considered tolerable by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Wet weather conditions contribute to elevated pathogen load to the CAWS; therefore this study determined that disinfecting the effluents of three major WRPs that discharge to the CAWS would result in an extremely small reduction in the aggregate recreation season risk to incidental contact recreators.
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Miller, Marc L., Richard B. Pollnac, and Patrick J. Christie. "MPAs AS PROTECTED DESTINATIONS: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING FISHING, AND PERCEPTIONS OF MARINE RESERVES IN PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON, UNITED STATES." Human Organization 82, no. 4 (November 17, 2023): 354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.4.354.
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Over the last several decades, marine protected areas (MPAs)—including reserves, parks, sanctuaries, natural monuments, natural resource management areas, heritage areas, and the like—have proliferated throughout the world. In this conceptual and empirical paper, we explore the diversity and nature of MPAs in Puget Sound, Washington, focusing on outdoor recreational uses. Puget Sound MPAs qualify as marine protected destinations (MPDs) and—when taken together with adjacent gateway regions—constitute protected destination systems (PDSs). Internal PDS dynamics are examined with a human-artifactual-natural system (HANS) framework. A face-to-face social survey (N=1532) of people who frequented Puget Sound marine reserves reveals, among other findings, that (1) a great diversity of recreational activities (and associated hard and soft artifacts) populate the MPAs, (2) type of recreational activity is related to perceptions of MPAs as conservation solutions and symbols, (3) level of education is positively correlated with perceptions of MPAs as conservation solutions, (4) respondents with higher levels of education are less likely to engage in recreational fishing and more likely to recreate on the beach than those with less education, and (5) respondents with higher levels of income are more likely than those with lower incomes to recreate on the water. Looking ahead, recommendations are offered regarding social science research addressing MPA recreation and tourism issues.
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Beyers, William B. "Cultural and recreational industries in the United States." Service Industries Journal 28, no. 3 (April 2008): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642060701856266.
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Berg, Brennan K., Michael Hutchinson, and Carol C. Irwin. "Prioritizing Local Sport Activities: Determining Organizational Commitment to an Innovative Swimming Program." Case Studies in Sport Management 5, no. 1 (2016): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2015-0066.
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This case study illustrates the complexity of decision making in public organizations, specifically highlighting the public health concern of drowning disparities in the United States. Using escalation of commitment theory, students must consider various factors in evaluating the overextended commitments of a local government in a complicated sociopolitical environment and with vital public needs that must be addressed through a local parks and recreation department. Facing a reduction in allocated resources, the department director, Claire Meeks, is tasked with determining which programs will receive higher priority despite the varied feedback from the management staff. To ensure students are provided a realistic scenario, this case offers a combination of fictional and real-life events from Splash Mid-South, an innovative swimming program in Memphis, Tennessee. Students must critically evaluate not only the merits of the swimming program, but the other sport, recreation, and parks programs that also merit an equitable share of the limited resources. Therefore, students are placed in a decision-making role that is common to managers of both public and private organizations. This case study is appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate sport management courses, with specific application to strategic management, organizational behavior, and recreation or leisure topics.
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Kreye, Rimsaite, and Adams. "Public Attitudes about Private Forest Management and Government Involvement in the Southeastern United States." Forests 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090776.
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In the southern United States the country’s top wood-producing region, factors such as intergenerational land transfer and population spillover from urban areas have resulted in forestland conversion and reduced production of critical ecosystem services associated with forest systems (e.g., timber, clean water supply, wildlife habitat). Public attitudes, which drive forestland policy prescriptions, may also be evolving due to the way people experience and perceive forests (e.g., recreation), and think about the role of government in private forest decisions. These changes have significant implications for forestland management and the forest-based economy, both locally and globally. We present the results of a regional survey (n = 1669) of residents in Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina, which assessed attitudes toward timber harvesting and government involvement on private lands. We found significant public support for timber harvesting with a somewhat stronger focus on ecosystem maintenance compared to timber production, and strong support for policies that empower landowners (e.g., assistance programs) over regulatory strategies. We conclude that existing government policies and programs are failing to help landowners meet public demand for ecosystem service provision on private forest lands in the southeastern US. Public attitudes appear conducive to innovative policy strategies such as market-based solutions and nudges. Perceptions of forest health will likely be the metric the public and landowners will use in assessing the value of policy alternatives, in addition to economic impact. Public ignorance and indifference towards forest management also appear to be growing.
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Adhikari, Ram K., Robert K. Grala, Stephen C. Grado, Donald L. Grebner, and Daniel R. Petrolia. "Landowner Satisfaction with Conservation Programs in the Southern United States." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 5513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095513.
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Landowner satisfaction with conservation programs affects their participation decisions and subsequently effectiveness of these programs in improving environmental quality. This study determined the influence of landownership goals, environmental concerns, frequency of contacts with federal agencies, and socioeconomic factors on landowner satisfaction with available conservation programs in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley and East Gulf Coastal Plain sub-geographies of the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative. A generalized ordered logit model for each conservation program was constructed to analyze factors influencing landowner satisfaction levels with these programs. Of the 14 federal conservation programs assessed, the top programs, based on a satisfaction level, included Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Conservation Technical Assistance (CTA), Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), and Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). The size of agricultural land owned, landownership goals including profit-making and personal recreation, concerns about wildlife habitat losses, and frequent contacts with federal agencies were positively related to landowner satisfaction levels. Better strategies addressing landowner’s environmental concerns, communicating technical knowledge, clarifying contract terms, and supporting financial resource leveraging will help reach the enrolled and non-enrolled landowners to increase their participation in conservation efforts.
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Haley, A. J. "Municipal recreation and park standards in the United States: Central cities and suburbs, 1975–1980." Leisure Sciences 7, no. 2 (January 1985): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490408509512117.
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Mimbs, Benjamin Prangle, B. Bynum Boley, J. M. Bowker, Kyle M. Woosnam, and Gary T. Green. "Importance-performance analysis of residents' and tourists’ preferences for water-based recreation in the Southeastern United States." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 31 (September 2020): 100324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100324.
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Lieberthal, Brandon, Sarah Jackson, and Sandra de Urioste-Stone. "Risk perceptions and behaviors concerning rural tourism and economic-political drivers of COVID-19 policy in 2020." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 9, 2024): e0299841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299841.
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When COVID-19 was first introduced to the United States, state and local governments enacted a variety of policies intended to mitigate the virulence of the epidemic. At the time, the most effective measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 included stay-at-home orders, closing of nonessential businesses, and mask mandates. Although it was well known that regions with high population density and cold climates were at the highest risk for disease spread, rural counties that are economically reliant on tourism were incentivized to enact fewer precautions against COVID-19. The uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, the multiple policies to reduce transmission, and the changes in outdoor recreation behavior had a significant impact on rural tourism destinations and management of protected spaces. We utilize fine-scale incidence and demographic data to study the relationship between local economic and political concerns, COVID-19 mitigation measures, and the subsequent severity of outbreaks throughout the continental United States. We also present results from an online survey that measured travel behavior, health risk perceptions, knowledge and experience with COVID-19, and evaluation of destination attributes by 407 out-of-state visitors who traveled to Maine from 2020 to 2021. We synthesize this research to present a narrative on how perceptions of COVID-19 risk and public perceptions of rural tourism put certain communities at greater risk of illness throughout 2020. This research could inform future rural destination management and public health policies to help reduce negative socioeconomic, health and environmental impacts of pandemic-derived changes in travel and outdoor recreation behavior.
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Rutter, Jonathan D., Ashley A. Dayer, Howard W. Harshaw, Nicholas W. Cole, Jennifer N. Duberstein, David C. Fulton, Andrew H. Raedeke, and Rudy M. Schuster. "Racial, ethnic, and social patterns in the recreation specialization of birdwatchers: An analysis of United States eBird registrants." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 35 (September 2021): 100400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100400.
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Anderson, Austen R., Mallory M. Lastrapes, and Lindsey Ostermiller. "Exploring the attitudes and experiences of those living near a multipurpose recreation trail in the southern United States." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 43 (September 2023): 100676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100676.
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Yacob, Shakila. "Model of Welfare Capitalism? The United States Rubber Company in Southeast Asia, 1910–1942." Enterprise & Society 8, no. 1 (March 2007): 136–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700008806.
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Welfare capitalism, the management ethos adopted by American business leaders in the early twentieth century, emphasizes the role of business rather than trade unions or government in taking care of its workers. This article focuses on the reasons why the United States Rubber Company (USRC), one of the four largest U.S. rubber manufacturers, promoted welfare capitalism at its rubber plantations on the east coast of Sumatra and Malaya between 1910 and 1942. In addition, this study assesses the development of USRC's system of welfare in the areas of housing, profit sharing, pension plans, health care, and recreation. This article argues that USRC's intention was not to forestall unionization (the intention of U.S.-based companies in adopting welfare capitalism), as union formation in Southeast Asia during that period was very unlikely, but to overcome labor shortages and high turnover rates and to ensure labor stability. With reduced labor costs, the availability of financial resources allowed for technical innovations and R & D, which ultimately would lead to increased productivity.
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Turner, Christine, and Fred Peterson. "Morrison Ecosystem Project." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 18 (January 1, 1994): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1994.3219.
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The Late Jurassic Morrison Formation is one of science's best windows into the world of dinosaurs and Mesozoic ecosystems. The Morrison Formation has significant exposures in many units within the Rocky Mountain Region of the National Park Service. These include Arches National Park (ARCH), Bighorn National Recreation Area (BIRO), Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument (BLCA), Capitol Reef National Park (CARE), Colorado National Monument (COLO), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), Glacier National Park (GLAC), Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA), Hovenweep National Monument (HOVE), and Yellowstone National Park (YELL). The Morrison Formation Extinct Ecosystems Project, hereafter called the Morrison Project, began on June 1 of 1994. The project is a multidisciplinary endeavor to determine the nature, distribution, and evolution of the ancient ecosystems that existed in the Western Interior of the United States during the Late Jurassic Epoch when the Morrison Formation and related rocks were deposited. The information obtained from the research can be used to suggest appropriate resource management actions and the project will also provide an improved understanding of the geological and paleontological history of these NPS units and better information for interpretive programs and publications.
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Butler, Brett J., Jesse Caputo, Amanda L. Robillard, Emma M. Sass, and Chris Sutherland. "One Size Does Not Fit All: Relationships between Size of Family Forest Holdings and Owner Attitudes and Behaviors." Journal of Forestry 119, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa045.
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Abstract An estimated 10 million families, individuals, trusts, and estates own 39 percent of the forestland in the United States, excluding interior Alaska. Using segmented regression, the relationships between size of forest holdings and the attitudes and behaviors of these family forest ownerships were tested using data from the 2018 iteration of the USDA Forest Service’s National Woodland Owner Survey. All 16 variables tested have significant relationships with size of forest holdings, and 13 have one or more breakpoints, ranging from 40 to 5,854 ac, where the relationships between the variables change. Timber as a reason for owning, timber harvesting activities, management plan, advice received, land certified, tax program participation, cost share, recreation, land tenure, recreation, taxes and heirs as concerns, land transfer, and income from forestland have positive relationships with size of forest holdings; resident ownership has a negative relationship; and wildlife as a reason for owning and owner age have mixed relationships.
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Vasilieva, Anastasia, and Raisa Belaya. "Process of forming a regional recreation system in the conditions of a border region." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 07028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016407028.
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Significant heterogeneity of the level of development of the Russian border, including in the field of recreation, imposes requirements for differentiation in the regional policy. Definition of the types of territories helps to solve applied management tasks more effectively. In this context, the factors by which these types were formed are important. To solve this problem, the authors conducted a factor analysis through the principal component method using oblique factor rotation. Three blocks of variables were analyzed that characterize the subjects of the Russian Federation that have land borders on the mainland (including river and lake borders) and sea borders with neighboring countries located on the map clockwise from Norway to the United States (border regions of Russia) for the period from 2010 to 2018. As a result, five factors were identified: the factor of the demand for the services of the recreational system, the factor of the development of the infrastructure of the recreational system in climatic conditions, the environmental safety factor, the factor of investment in the development of the recreational system infrastructure, the factor of the location at the border. The results of the study can be used as a practical tool for developing recommendations in the field of regional policy aimed at development of a recreational system, taking into account the factors determined for each identified group. The results of the study were obtained in the framework of the state task of the IE KarRC RAS on the topic “Institutions and social inequality in the face of global challenges and regional restrictions”.
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Boretska, N., and G. Krapivina. "World Experience in the Digitalization of Public Administration in the Development of the Tourist and Recreational Sphere." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 4 (66) (2021): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-4(66)-104-111.
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The article summarizes the world experience in the digitalization of public administration in the development of the tourist-reactionary sphere and demonstrates the feasibility of introducing digitalization in the adaptation of public administration to the realities of the modern world. It is shown that in the world practice, the digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere is based on a statistical description of tourist and recreational problems; creation of models for predicting the consequences of government decisions on the development of the tourism and recreation sector; means of measuring the economic efficiency of the development of various forms of organizing the use of the free time of the population. In particular, the digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere in Israel, Turkey and Puerto Rico demonstrates the feasibility of the goal of digitalization for the state solution of the problems of managing the intensity of visitor flows from the centers of population concentration in the destination and predicting the economic effect of this. In Israel, the digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere is aimed at increasing the volume of foreign currency entering the country through tourism, and its share in budget revenues, as well as maximizing the saving of resources for the development of local tourism. The digitalization of the Turkish Ministry of Tourism allows government decisions to be made to assess the likely and optimal economic effect from the development of destinations and their qualitative structure within the regional economy; balance the maximum supply and demand of tourism and recreation projects; calculate the surplus and deficit of tourist and recreational services; to maximize the level of costs necessary for the optimal economic effect on the development of the tourist and recreational sphere; optimize the distribution of funds by destination, depending on the potential for the development of the tourist and recreational sphere in each of them; to optimize the seasonal distribution of factors of activity of the tourist and recreational sphere; Determine the latent or existing cost limit associated with changing key assumptions, inputs, and optimal outcomes for the development of destinations. The practice of digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere in Bulgaria (Golden Sands, Sunny Beach, Albena, etc.) shows that the introduction of the principle of integrated and centralized digitalization of state management of their development deserves a positive assessment. The digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sector in the Pacific Ocean region makes it possible to determine the destinations of visitors that attract visitors in different seasons, which determines the characteristics of the destinations; logistic connections and characteristics of transport and information means for realizing the possibilities of communication between the point of departure and the point of destination in a certain period of time. In the countries of the South Adriatic, the digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere makes it possible to justify the estimated and project estimates for the renewal of destinations. The digitalization of public administration in the development of French destinations gives rise to government decisions on the implementation of design programs for the use of territories favorable for tourism and recreation and to regulate the main parameters of their development. In the United States, the digitalization of the National Park Service is making it possible to implement projects to create nature reserves and tourist and recreational centers in historic cities.
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Boretska, N., G. Krapivina, and I. Marchenko. "Development of the Tourist and Recreational Sphere: Empirics of Digitalization of Public Administration." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 1 (67) (2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2022-1(67)-117-124.
Full textAbstract:
The article summarizes the world experience in the digitalization of public administration in the development of the tourist-reactionary sphere and demonstrates the feasibility of introducing digitalization in the adaptation of public administration to the realities of the modern world. It is shown that in the world practice, the digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere is based on a statistical description of tourist and recreational problems; creation of models for predicting the consequences of government decisions on the development of the tourism and recreation sector; means of measuring the economic efficiency of the development of various forms of organizing the use of the free time of the population. In particular, the digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere in Israel, Turkey and Puerto Rico demonstrates the feasibility of the goal of digitalization for the state solution of the problems of managing the intensity of visitor flows from the centers of population concentration in the destination and predicting the economic effect of this. In Israel, the digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere is aimed at increasing the volume of foreign currency entering the country through tourism, and its share in budget revenues, as well as maximizing the saving of resources for the development of local tourism. The digitalization of the Turkish Ministry of Tourism allows government decisions to be made to assess the likely and optimal economic effect from the development of destinations and their qualitative structure within the regional economy; balance the maximum supply and demand of tourism and recreation projects; calculate the surplus and deficit of tourist and recreational services; to maximize the level of costs necessary for the optimal economic effect on the development of the tourist and recreational sphere; optimize the distribution of funds by destination, depending on the potential for the development of the tourist and recreational sphere in each of them; to optimize the seasonal distribution of factors of activity of the tourist and recreational sphere; Determine the latent or existing cost limit associated with changing key assumptions, inputs, and optimal outcomes for the development of destinations. The practice of digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere in Bulgaria (Golden Sands, Sunny Beach, Albena, etc.) shows that the introduction of the principle of integrated and centralized digitalization of state management of their development deserves a positive assessment. The digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sector in the Pacific Ocean region makes it possible to determine the destinations of visitors that attract visitors in different seasons, which determines the characteristics of the destinations; logistic connections and characteristics of transport and information means for realizing the possibilities of communication between the point of departure and the point of destination in a certain period of time. In the countries of the South Adriatic, the digitalization of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere makes it possible to justify the estimated and project estimates for the renewal of destinations. The digitalization of public administration in the development of French destinations gives rise to government decisions on the implementation of design programs for the use of territories favorable for tourism and recreation and to regulate the main parameters of their development. In the United States, the digitalization of the National Park Service is making it possible to implement projects to create nature reserves and tourist and recreational centers in historic cities.
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Sarmiento, Kelly, Karen E. Thomas, Jill Daugherty, Dana Waltzman, Juliet K. Haarbauer-Krupa, Alexis B. Peterson, Tadesse Haileyesus, and Matthew J. Breiding. "Emergency Department Visits for Sports- and Recreation-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Children — United States, 2010–2016." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 68, no. 10 (March 15, 2019): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6810a2.
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Dewey, Steven A., Michael J. Jenkins, and Robert C. Tonioli. "Wildfire Suppression—A Paradigm for Noxious Weed Management." Weed Technology 9, no. 3 (September 1995): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00023940.
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The spread of noxious weeds on rangeland and forests in the United States has been described as a raging biological wildfire. This analogy applies to aspects of spread, impact, and control of weeds. Patterns and means of spread are similar. Noxious weeds and wildfires can dramatically change natural plant communities, alter distribution and species composition of wildlife populations, damage watersheds and increase soil erosion, and adversely affect recreation and aesthetic values. Wildfire management involves prevention, early detection, timely control, and site rehabilitation; elements which are also the foundation of sound weed management. Principles and practices associated with wildfire suppression can be used to illustrate many weed science fundamentals, and to improve weed management programs. Federal land management agencies are directed to train employees in effective weed management and to increase public awareness about noxious weeds. Most agency employees are familiar with wildfire management; knowledge which could be useful in teaching weed management principles. Fire prevention could serve as a model to promote greater public awareness of the impact of noxious weeds and the need for weed prevention and early detection.
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Derr, Jeffrey F. "The Status of Weed Science at Universities and Experiment Stations in the Northeastern United States." Weed Technology 18, no. 4 (December 2004): 1150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-253r1.
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Weed science is an important component of pest management. Weeds cause approximately 12% loss in United States crop production, reduce crop quality, poison livestock, and adversely affect human health, recreation, and transportation. Herbicides comprise approximately 65% of pesticide expenditures, whereas insecticides and fungicides each comprise less than 20%. The total effect of weeds, including crop losses and costs of control, in the United States was estimated in 1994 to be $20 billion annually. A survey was prepared and mailed to weed scientists at universities and experiment stations in the northeastern United States to determine the number of faculty positions and course offerings devoted to weed science. There are approximately five times as many entomologists and more than three times as many plant pathologists as weed scientists at universities in the northeast. There are more than six times as many graduate students currently in entomology and more than four times as many in plant pathology compared with weed science. Few undergraduate courses in weed science are taught, and most universities have no graduate classes in weed science. There are almost seven times as many undergraduate entomology courses and more than twice as many plant pathology courses as weed science classes in this region. There are more than 17 times as many graduate entomology courses and more than 15 times as many plant pathology courses compared with weed science graduate classes. There are no departments devoted solely to weed science in the northeast, whereas entomology and plant pathology departments are both common. Most universities have little to no faculty assigned to aquatic, forestry, noncrop weed control, weed ecology, or laboratory trials, and numbers assigned to agronomic and horticultural crop weed management are limited. Additional university resources are needed if weed science research, teaching, and extension efforts are to meet the priority needs in weed management.
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Winter, Patricia L., William D. Crano, Tatiana Basáñez, and Christopher S. Lamb. "Equity in Access to Outdoor Recreation—Informing a Sustainable Future." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010124.
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Despite an increasingly ethnically and racially diverse population in the United States (U.S.), growing evidence indicates that minorities are underrepresented in national forest visitation. Many reasons for continuing underrepresentation have been examined, involving research reaching back multiple decades. In the current study, a random sample of residents (n = 1977) from four large metropolitan statistical areas in California was involved in a telephone survey about forest visitation. Analysis revealed a continuing pattern of inequities in lifetime visitation to a national forest, as well as recency of visitation. Constraints to national forest visitation show similarities among groups. Lack of time was the most often mentioned constraint, with resource-related constraints more frequently cited by minority respondents. In contrast to prior studies, a lack of information or concerns about discrimination were not cited by survey respondents, though the open-ended approach to top constraints may underpin some of this variation from prior research. The primary information source for outdoor recreation used most frequently and most trusted was the Internet, followed closely by social networks (family and friends). In the presentation of U.S. outdoor recreation information, natural resource management agencies, use groups, and opportunity providers would benefit from incorporating culturally relevant messaging and images to affirm the message of inclusion and welcome.
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Seliverstova, Maia. "THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL CONTROLLING IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TOURISM AND RECREATIONAL COMPANY." Laisvalaikio tyrimai 1, no. 9 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/elt.v1i9.239.
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In the modern world tourism and recreation are highly profitable activities, which also have asignificantimpact on the economy of the country, contributing to the inflow of foreign currency, creating newjobs, improving infrastructure and so on. In the conditions of economic instability and high level of marketcompetition, success of financial-economic activity of tourist enterprises is determined by the efficiency ofdecision-making that directly depends on the total access to information about the financial state and existingrisks.The aim of the researchwas to identify the role of financial controllingin the management systemof tourist-and-recreational company.Research methodsused for this research paper were analysis, synthesis, comparison, classificationand grouping of functions and objectives oftheobjectbeing studied.The objectwas the role of financial controlling in the management system.It is believed that controlling as economic term was discovered in Europe in the 15th century, afterthat it gained a wide development in the United States. In Russia, the concept of controlling became popularin the 1990s.Conclusions:1. The main task of financial controlling is to maintain profitability and ensure liquidity,i.e. the ability of the enterprise to fulfil its payment obligations at any time that is most relevant for the tourismindustry. Among the key challenges faced by resort companies, it is important to headline the seasonality ofdemand, which largely affects the using of their material resources. The duration of the active period can varyfrom 90 to 180 days; it often depends on climateand a number of other factors (Zlenko, 2015). In order tostabilize the work during the off-season, maintain financial stability and solvency in recent years many tourismand recreational enterprises began to strive for the introduction of modern management systems. 2. Aneffective system of financial controlling at a tourist and recreational enterprise allows fully assessing thecurrent position of the company, making forecasts and successfully resisting external destabilizing factors.
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Davis, Amélie Yvonne, Andrew Freund, Sarah Lynn Dumyahn, Ryan Mendoza, Aura Muniz Torres, and Michelle Dawn Boone. "Parcel Management and Perceived Ecosystem Services and Disservices in the Exurbs of a Midwestern County in the United States." Land 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050448.
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Exurban development is a prominent land use in the United States of America, particularly in the Midwest, where much of it occurs on farmland and remnant woodlands. While exurbanization may affect ecosystem services, its impact could be modulated by management decisions made by residents. We aimed to uncover how exurban residents in a midwestern county perceived ecosystem services and disservices provided by their property based on 26 semi-structured interviews of landowners on parcels between 1 and 20 acres with a pond in unincorporated areas. We found the ecosystem services people associated most with their land are classified as cultural services (dominated by recreation services), while the most common mentioned disservices were classified as regulating disservices. Many ecosystem services that would be categorized as supporting or regulating services were not mentioned by interviewees, including microclimate stabilization, carbon sequestration, disease regulation, and maintenance of genetic diversity. Residents spent an average of 1.4 h/acre each week managing their properties. However, as parcel size and forest cover increased, the residents reported managing less surface area. Our study suggested that residents cultivate landscape features that directly benefit them and view many of the services that benefit regional biodiversity and ecosystem processes as disservices, which, to rectify, may require coordinated landscape-level management or local policies/incentives.
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Wilson-Ounekeo, Rebecca C., and William O. Lamp. "Perceptions and Responses of Residents to the Nuisance Black Fly Simulium jenningsi (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Mid-Atlantic United States." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 1872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa129.
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Abstract Current management practices of nuisance black flies are conducted on an area-wide level and rely on the support of the public to implement programs. In Maryland, a vocal group of residents campaigned their representatives to begin a management program for the black fly Simulium jenningsi Malloch. To determine how residents in Maryland and its surrounding states perceived the severity of black fly nuisance, we deployed surveys online and in-person on the ways their outdoor activities were impacted and the preventive methods used to mitigate nuisance. Online respondents, those with children, and those who had lived in the region for a shorter amount of time were more likely to report black flies as ‘extremely annoying’. Quality-of-life concerns stemming from black fly swarms were primarily related to avoiding outdoor exercise and recreation. The majority of respondents used at least one method of personal protection against black fly annoyance, but satisfaction with any method was low. Methods used by respondents included the removal of standing water and rotting vegetation from their properties, indicating a lack of knowledge about black fly breeding habitats. The results contextualized the needs of residents in future management and topics for outreach efforts to address misconceptions about black fly biology. This study offers an example of the application of social science methodology in understanding the needs of stakeholders in area-wide pest management.
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Ferguson, Michael D., Alexander R. Caraynoff, Lauren A. Ferguson, Robert J. Barcelona, Darrick Evensen, Holly Knox, Steven Pytlik, and Donna Grosz. "Whether They Return: Modeling Outdoor Recreation Behaviors, Decision Making, and Intention-to-Return in Congressionally Designated Wilderness." Forests 13, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071018.
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Visitation to parks and protected areas (PPAs) has become increasingly widespread in the United States. This increased visitation is especially concerning within congressionally designated wilderness areas where federal agencies are tasked with the dual mandate of preserving wilderness character while simultaneously providing high-quality outdoor recreation experiences. This study investigated the influence of social, situational, and ecological factors on outdoor recreation visitor behaviors and decision making within the Lye Brook Congressionally Designated Wilderness (LBW) area in Vermont, USA. An on-site intercept survey (n = 576) was employed to collect data from LBW visitors in the summer of 2021. Descriptive and multi-variate statistics (e.g., binary logistic regression, structural equation modeling) indicated that visitor behaviors (e.g., coping, substitution) and decision-making (e.g., intention-to-return) were significantly influenced by social (e.g., conflict), situational (e.g., litter, access), and ecological (e.g., trail conditions, weather) impacts. Moreover, the presence of various weather conditions was found to significantly influence the severity of perceived social, situational, and ecological impacts. Study results indicated that outdoor recreation experiences are multifaceted, necessitating a suite of social, situational, and ecological considerations, especially when examining the relationship between visitor coping behaviors and intention-to-return. This research advances the coping framework, provides empirical support for future examination of social–ecological system (SES) theory, and emphasizes the utility of employing an adaptive systems approach for sustainable PPA management.
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Zeballos, Juan Manuel. "The American biologicism trough Crash." Revista de Antropología Visual 4, no. 31 (November 14, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47725/rav.031.08.
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This work examines biologicism (racism) in the United States based on the film Crash. The instrumental-material nature of the phenomenon pointed out by various authors is also recognized in the film. Biologicism simultaneously moves through the planes of the obvious and the hidden. In the first, it acquires the profile of a structuring and decomposing factor of relationships, although formally it is abstract. In the second, it acts as an element that blocks the recognition of social classes, their relationships, training processes and labor hierarchies. Thus, biologicalism is a vehicle through which the interests of the hegemonic classes are promoted, and which results in the recreation and perpetuation of capitalist social relations of production.
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Murdock, Steve H., David K. Loomis, Robert B. Ditton, and Nazrul Hoque. "The implications of demographic change for recreational fisheries management in the United States." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 1, no. 4 (December 1996): 14–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209609359076.
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Ralston, Erin P., Hauke Kite-Powell, and Andrew Beet. "An estimate of the cost of acute health effects from food- and water-borne marine pathogens and toxins in the USA." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 4 (April 26, 2011): 680–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.157.
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Large and growing segments of the United States population consume seafood or engage in marine recreation. These activities provide significant benefits but also bring risk of exposure to marine-borne illness. To manage these risks, it is important to understand the incidence and cost of marine-borne disease. We review the literature and surveillance/monitoring data to determine the annual incidence of disease and health consequences due to marine-borne pathogens from seafood consumption and beach recreation in the USA. Using this data, we employ a cost-of-illness model to estimate economic impacts. Our results suggest that health consequences due to marine-borne pathogens in the USA have annual costs on the order of US$900 million. This includes US$350 million due to pathogens and marine toxins specifically identified as causing food-borne disease, an estimated US$300 million due to seafood-borne disease with unknown etiology, US$30 million from direct exposure to the Vibrio species, and US$300 million due to gastrointestinal illness from beach recreation. Although there is considerable uncertainty about the degree of underreporting of certain pathogen-specific acute marine-related illnesses, the conservative assumptions we have used in constructing our estimate suggest that it should be considered a lower bound on true costs.
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Taff, B. Derrick, Zachary Miller, Ben Lawhon, Stephanie Freeman, and Peter Newman. "Effective Communication and Campground Recycling: Lessons Learned from Yosemite, Grand Teton, and Denali National Parks." Land 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101872.
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Outdoor recreation continues to be persistently high in national parks across the United States, particularly as the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased use. In popular frontcountry destinations such as national park campgrounds managers are challenged with new issues more familiar to urban settings. One of these challenges is waste management. The largest source of visitor-generated waste in national parks is campgrounds. This research uses a mixed-methods approach to develop and test strategic communications designed to increase recycling and minimize trash to the landfill by altering campground visitor behaviors. Intercept surveys were used to create theory-based messages, and a quasi-experimental approach was used to evaluate message effectiveness. Our results show that messages emphasizing ease concepts were two times more effective at changing campground visitor waste disposal behaviors than control conditions. The results help inform the management of visitors as national parks strive to meet sustainability goals.
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Johnson, Cassandra Y., J. M. Bowker, and H. Ken Cordell. "Research Article: Acculturation via Nature-Based Outdoor Recreation: A Comparison of Mexican and Chinese Ethnic Groups in the United States." Environmental Practice 7, no. 4 (December 2005): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046605050398.
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