Journal articles on the topic 'Recreation areas Cost effectiveness'
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1
Abdullaeva, I. V., and A. V. Bredikhin. "Methodology of the multiscale assessment of geomorphological safety of seacoasts, on the example of the south-eastern Baltic coast." Geomorphology RAS, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0435-42812019257-67.
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The article presents a methodological approach to assessing the geomorphological safety of sea coasts based on the close interdependence between geomorphological conditions and active coastal recreational activities. One of the key stages of the proposed assessment is recreational-geomorphological zoning, which results in separation of regions, districts and local areas in relation to relief homogeneity and recreational situation. The suggested approach is based on the quantitative indicators of the environment — conditions of relief formation and the geomorphological properties of the territory. Group of criteria for the situation of relief formation includes lithological, hydrometeorological, human and social factors. Among the group of geomorphological criteria are: morphometric characteristics of the coast, the dynamics of the coast and the activity of slope processes. Resultant geomorphological safety was classified into three classes: the most suitable areas for recreation; territories subject to further refinement; and inconvenience territories that cannot be used at all. The results of the geomorphological safety assessment are designed to increase the effectiveness of recreational environmental planning. The suggested principles of geomorphological assessment can be used not only for the Baltic region, but almost for any coastal region, which may require some correction of criteria.
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Venter, S. N., A. L. Kühn, and J. Harris. "A method for the prioritization of areas experiencing microbial pollution of surface water." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0490.
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The increased threat of faecal pollution in recent years and the high priority of protecting human health by the government led to the initiation of a national microbial monitoring programme for surface water in South Africa. According to the design of the programme, monitoring sites had to be selected in order to assess the status and trends of faecal pollution. Issues of efficiency and cost-effectiveness dictated that the monitoring would focus on areas with the greatest risk. A method based on relevant land and water use information (e.g. level of water supply and sanitation, agricultural practices, surface runoff, recreation) was developed for the selection and prioritization of these areas. A measurement scale was described for all sensitive uses to ensure the objectivity of the selection process. For the prioritization purposes, weights were assigned to the different uses according to their impact. This was done by means of the simple multi-attribute rating technique (SMART). The method was found to be useful for the identification of high-risk areas but the availability and reliability of the data are some of the major constraints.
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Krisyanto, Budi, Bambang Supriyono, Endah Setyowati, and Gatot Ciptadi. "Innovation in the Management of Sustainable Environmental Study Tourism Park (TWSL) in Probolinggo." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i2.2289.
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Local diversity through site-dependent activities such as tourism and resource-based recreation, as well as resource extraction, may offer opportunities for regional development and restructuration. The small number of open spaces in urban areas is a factor in the considerably high pressure of life in the city center. Therefore, the existence of public open spaces in the city center, especially green open spaces in urban areas, is needed because of its function and role as a place for socialization and recreation as well as an alternative rest area with its fresh air in the midst of hectic activities in the city center. Public open space also serves as a place for people to relieve fatigue after a long hard work at a very low cost. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness and the efficiency of the management of the Environmental Study Tourism Park in the City of Probolinggo. The management of urban forest in the former “red are” idle land for ecological, educational and socio-economic purposes as a manifestation of public green open space in urban areas is developed into an Environmental Study Tourism Park. Based on the results of research on the performance of the government/management in providing services to the community regarding environmental education information is considered to be good enough because it is supported by certified experts in accordance with their fields and provide convenience to the community/educational institutions in terms of visiting and learning flora and fauna.
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Kurdyukov, Vladimir, Ilona Avlasenko, Lyudmila Avlasenko, and Sergey Kanurny. "Assessment of environmental performance in recreational areas with the consideration of assimilation potential." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 14003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017514003.
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Externalities are a significant feature for recreational tourism. The increase in the specificity of the resource and its significance for the territory may be an additional factor in lowering the requirements for the effective implementation of Coase’s idea to solve the problem of externalities. Tourist recreational areas can be an ideal object for implementing Coase’s idea of reducing externalities. Given the assessment of environmental quality with the consideration of assimilation potential, it is possible to describe the additional value of changing the volume of environmental pollution for the economic system in the recreational area. The increasing importance of other factors for tourist recreational activities can be factored into the proposed dependency by developing ideas of the assimilation potential of the territory. An approach is proposed for assessing the utility of environmental protection activities in a recreational tourist area which is based on the consideration of changes in the recreational capacities of natural environment and the consequences thereof for the economic system of the territory. The proposed indicator of utility with an adequate assessment of the costs of implementing a project better reflects the cost-effectiveness and results of environmental protection.
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Knyazeva, Tatiana A., Tatiana I. Nikiforova, and Andrey A. Lobanov. "The Use of Terrain Cure in the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: a Review." Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 21, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2022-21-6-99-109.
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INTRODUCTION. The review is devoted to the study of one of the modern complex methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases – terrain cure which includes elements of therapeutic physical training, climatotherapy and provides for dosed physical activity in the form of hiking in rough terrain, climbing in mountainous areas on specific, marked routes under the supervision of a doctor. It is a method of exercise therapy that improves endurance, cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous system function, metabolism, as well as the muscles of the limbs and trunk. AIM. To highlight the mechanisms of the complex action of terrain cure, combining elements of climatotherapy and metered physical activity for the most optimal use in patients with pathology of the cardiovascular system, including those with excess body weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The analysis of publications in the electronic databases PubMed and the Russian Scientific Citation Index by keywords: terrain cure , metered physical activity, climatotherapy, rehabilitation, cardiovascular diseases. The date of the last search is August 9, 2022. CONCLUSION. The world and domestic scientific and practical experience of the use of terrain cure testifies to its high efficiency and an increase in the adaptive and compensatory potential of the patient's body, the safety of using this method in both preventive and therapeutic and rehabilitation programs, due to the main mechanisms of its rehabilitative action. Taking into account its wide availability, cost-effectiveness and additional therapeutic effects when in contact with the terrain, it seems advisable to expand the introduction of the terrain cure and use it for preventive purposes not only in sanatorium–resort conditions, but also in the urban environment – parks and other recreation areas of citizens.
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Schmiing, Mara, Hugo Diogo, Ricardo Serrão Santos, and Pedro Afonso. "Marine conservation of multispecies and multi-use areas with various conservation objectives and targets." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 3 (October 15, 2014): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu180.
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Abstract Marine spatial management is an important step in regulating the sustainable use of marine resources and preserving habitats and species. The systematic conservation planning software “Marxan” was used to analyse the effect of different conservation objectives and targets on the design of a network of marine protected areas around two islands of the Azores archipelago, Northeast Atlantic. The analyses integrated spatial patterns of the abundance and reproductive potential of multispecies, the vulnerability of fish to fishing, habitat type, algae biotopes, and socio-economic costs and benefits (including fishing effort and recreational activities). Three scenarios focused on fisheries-related objectives (“fisheries scenarios”, FSs) and three on multiple-use and biodiversity conservation objectives (“biodiversity scenarios”, BSs), respectively. Three different protection targets were compared for each set, the existing, minimum, and maximum levels of protection, whereas conservation features were weighted according to their biologically/ecologically functioning. Results provided contrasting solutions for site selection and identified potential gaps in the existing design. The influence of the conservation objective on site selection was most evident when minimum target levels were applied. Otherwise, solutions for FSs and BSs were very similar and mostly shaped by the protection level. More important, BSs that considered opportunity cost and benefits achieved conservation targets more cost-efficiently. The presented systematic approach ensures that targets for habitats with high fish abundance, fecundity, and vulnerability are achieved efficiently. It should be of high applicability for adaptive management processes to improve the effectiveness of existing spatial management practices, in particular when fishing and leisure activities coexist, and suggest that decision-makers should account for multiple users’ costs and benefits when designing and implementing marine reserve networks.
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Ramos, Victor, Gianmaria Giannini, Tomás Calheiros-Cabral, Paulo Rosa-Santos, and Francisco Taveira-Pinto. "An Integrated Approach to Assessing the Wave Potential for the Energy Supply of Ports: A Case Study." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121989.
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In recent years, seaports have faced increasing pressure to transition towards a low-carbon and more sustainable energy model. In this context, the exploitation of the local wave energy resource may appear as a promising alternative. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present a methodology to select the best WEC-site combination to supply the energy demands of ports. To illustrate this methodology, the Port of Leixões (Portugal) is used as a case study. For the selection of wave energy sites in port areas, the methodology proposes a detailed spatial characterisation of both the wave resource and marine uses. For the area of study, having considered the main marine uses (sediment disposal, biodiversity, aquaculture, recreational and navigation), two exploitable wave energy sites (Areas I and II) with average annual energy resources of 24 and 17 kWm−1, respectively, were found. Next, the methodology proposes a techno-economic optimisation of WECs, based on the local wave conditions of Areas I and II, to minimise their associated Levelised Cost of Energy (LCoE). The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the methodology, with the novel oCECO device, appearing as the most feasible option (with an LCoE of EUR 387.6/MWh) to exploit the wave potential in the surrounding areas of the port.
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Murphy, Hannah M., and Gregory P. Jenkins. "Observational methods used in marine spatial monitoring of fishes and associated habitats: a review." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 2 (2010): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09068.
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Management areas are used in marine spatial planning to conserve biodiversity of marine ecosystems and to protect fish from fishing pressure. To evaluate the effectiveness of these protected areas, observational techniques are used to determine densities, sizes, biomass, habitat types and distribution of fish species in and around management areas. Two types of observational techniques are used in spatial monitoring: (1) fishery-independent techniques, which include underwater visual census (UVC), underwater video, remote sensing, acoustics, and experimental catch and effort data; and (2) fishery-dependent techniques, which include catch, effort and catch per unit effort data from commercial and recreational fisheries. This review summarises the applications, advantages, disadvantages and biases of each of these observational categories and highlights emerging technologies. The main finding from this review was that a combination of observational techniques, rather than a single method, was the most effective approach to marine spatial monitoring. For example, a combination of hydroacoustics for habitat mapping and UVC or video for fish surveys was one of the most cost-effective and efficient means of obtaining fish-habitat linkages and fish assemblage data. There are also emerging technologies that could increase the precision and efficiency of monitoring surveys. There is a need for continued development of non-intrusive technology for marine monitoring studies.
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Тихонова, Т. В., and В. А. Щенявский. "КОРЕКТУВАННЯ ІНДИКАТОРІВ РЕСУРСНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ОСОБЛИВО ОХОРОНЮВАНИХ ПРИРОДНИХ ОБ'ЄКТІВ." TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2019.2.10.
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One of the integral methods for assessing resource efficiency is the adjustment of net savings, which includes indicators reflecting consumption of fixed capital, depreciation, education costs, environmental protection costs and the value of specially protected natural areas (PAs), depletion of natural capital and damage to public health from habitat pollution. The purpose of the research is to assess the contribution of protected areas based on the value of their ecosystem services, taking into account the consideration of regional destinations of tourist and recreational services. The object of the research is the most significant specially protected natural objects of the Komi Republic. Methodological basis. To determine the economic value of regulating and cultural services, the methods of market indirect assessment, compensatory costs and travel expenses were used. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the tourist destination on recreational PAs resources was based on a combination of the target approach, including indicators of the contribution of the destination to the GRP, the growth of tourist flow, value added and an assessment of the volume of network interaction of tourism subjects. The hypothesis was the assumption of reducing the contribution of the value of protected areas to the region's GRP over a long study period, which means low efficiency in the use of natural capital. The statement of basic materials. Received the contribution of protected areas to gross savings, GRP for the period 2000-2018. An approach to assessing the tourist and recreational services of protected areas has been implemented, taking into account the implementation of a regional / local destination, integrated logistics, tourism resources and products aimed at reducing transaction costs, increasing production capacity, volume and quality of investment, reducing losses in the value chain and distribution, improving the quality of the tourist product, reducing the cost of improving and developing new products. The quality of the functioning of the food chain of destination has been determined. The originality of the research lies in the comprehensive consideration of protected areas as a resource for the regional economy. Conclusion of the research. The analysis carried out and the calculations carried out will make it possible in the future to determine the reserves and ways to achieve eco-efficiency in the use of the natural capital of the territories of special protection and development of tourism in PAs.
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Khrenova-Shymkina, R. "PROJECT ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AS OBJECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH." Series: Economic scienceue/view/124 2, no. 155 (April 3, 2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-2-155-48-57.
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The article deals with the nature and content of project activity as an object of scientific research. It is determined that the project management toolkit provides opportunities for ensuring the efficiency of public administration and the need for its decentralization, facilitating business development by improving the provision of public services, while reducing their cost and complexity. The essence of the concept of project management has been investigated and the relationship of projects with the activities of public authorities, the government, which can be traced through the implementation of programs at the state level or measures to fulfill the commitments undertaken by local authorities, has been identified. Attention is drawn to the fact that the project activity of public authorities has a number of features, among which the key are its regulation (time constraint), compliance with community requests, focus on territorial unit development and openness. The author also suggested a scheme of project activity and considered all components of this process. Particular attention is paid to the factors that improve the effectiveness of project implementation: the knowledge component - human capital, process monitoring, sources of funding and communications. The article also presents the author's classification of the project activity of public authorities, depending on the goals, the main types of project activity were separated: social orientation (solving problems of overcoming poverty, preserving the health of the population, observing human rights, ensuring the well-being and safety of children, etc.); infrastructural character (development of public transport network, improvement of public services, improvement of logistics on roads, location and number of pre-school educational institutions, etc.); environmental orientation (environmental protection, conservation of reserves, construction of treatment plants and introduction of the best treatment technologies, development of secondary production, etc.); investment nature (development of recreation and tourism areas, the spread of digital technologies in public services (SMART technologies), implementation of joint projects with business companies within the framework of corporate social responsibility programs and public-private partnerships, etc.). Keywords: project activity, public authorities, human capital, communications, monitoring.
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Forrest, Robert G., David Lopez, Richard C. Peckham, and Frank J. Gorry. "A MAJOR OIL BARGE POLLUTION INCIDENT ON THE ARKANSAS RIVER." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-319.
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ABSTRACT When the towboat Girard Lewis lost power on the Arkansas River Navigation System, it drifted into a railroad bridge near Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Upon impact, it lost the two oil barges it was pushing; one barge floated downstream and was impaled by icebreakers on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Lock and Dam No. 4. The resulting damage to the barge caused a major discharge (8,000 barrels) of No. 6 fuel oil, which affected industrial and recreational uses of the river and threatened sensitive environmental areas, including the White River National Wildlife Refuge. The discharger accepted responsibility for salvage of the damaged barge but not for containment and cleanup of the spilled oil. Consequently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a federal removal project using the oil pollution response fund authorized under the Clean Water Act. A coordinated effort among at least seven federal and state agency representatives on site was carried out over 25 days. Special problems were encountered and resolved involving unusually high river flow, large amounts of debris, use and effectiveness of various oil recovery devices, barge salvage operations, closure of the navigation system to traffic, protection of environmentally sensitive areas, and levels of cleanup of shorelines and locks and dams. The project was effectively carried out over 60 miles of affected river at a cost of $372,000, with a minimum of environmental and real property damages. It was the worst pollution incident that has occurred on the Arkansas River Navigation System.
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Jim, Chi Yung. "Visitor Management in Recreation Areas." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 1 (1989): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290000847x.
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The ever-increasing demands for outdoor recreation have caused widespread ecological damages in many parts of the world, so that methods to contain deleterious impacts and maintain the quality of recreational experience must be earnestly sought. Besides the commonlyprescribed preventive and ameliorative actions on the resource-base, visitor management which can provide cost-effective and long-term solutions deserves more attention than hitherto. This paper evaluates a spectrum of relevant options including the subtle (influencing userbehaviour), through the intermediate (redistributing use), to the regulatory (rationing use).The reduction of per caput impact can, naturally, raise the capacity of an area to accommodate continuing use. Minimum impact techniques can substantially curtail the largely inadvertent damage due to ignorance rather than malice, while recreational planning and management can take into account the changing user preference. Appropriate data to guide management decisions can be acquired through innovative non-contact approaches, including visitor observation, to solicit candid and spontaneous responses. Good-quality information, conveyed through different channels in ample time before a visit, can effectively modify user behaviour and perception. Formal and informal education, to inculcate a responsible attitude towards the natural environment, can bring long-range benefits. Citizen participation can furnish diversified and useroriented perspectives that are important for successful programmes.
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Boxall, Peter C., Bonita L. McFarlane, and Michael Gartrell. "An aggregate travel cost approach to valuing forest recreation at managed sites." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72615-6.
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Travel cost models were estimated for camping trips to designated recreation areas in the Rocky-Clearwater Forest in Alberta during 1994. Trips were aggregated by postal code and resulting trip counts from each postal code were utilized in truncated Poisson and negative binomial regressions. The study involved the design of a camping fee collection permit which allowed a census of users rather than a sample to be utilized in the analysis. Per trip consumer surplus estimates resulting from the Poisson model revealed that aggregate nonmarket benefits provided by the Alberta Land and Forest Service forest recreation areas were about $750,000 in 1994. The study suggests that with little effort and some planning, fee collection permit systems can be used in concert with travel cost and geographic information systems to provide estimates of some nontimber values in Canada's forests. Key words: nontimber values, camping, travel cost models, forest recreation, geographical information systems
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Gesell, Sabina B., Evan C. Sommer, E. Warren Lambert, Ana Regina Vides de Andrade, Lauren Whitaker, Lauren Davis, Bettina M. Beech, et al. "Comparative Effectiveness of After-School Programs to Increase Physical Activity." Journal of Obesity 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/576821.
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Background. We conducted a comparative effectiveness analysis to evaluate the difference in the amount of physical activity children engaged in when enrolled in a physical activity-enhanced after-school program based in a community recreation center versus a standard school-based after-school program.Methods. The study was a natural experiment with 54 elementary school children attending the community ASP and 37 attending the school-based ASP. Accelerometry was used to measure physical activity. Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, with 91% retention.Results. At baseline, 43% of the multiethnic sample was overweight/obese, and the mean age was 7.9 years (SD = 1.7). Linear latent growth models suggested that the average difference between the two groups of children at Week 12 was 14.7 percentage points in moderate-vigorous physical activity (P<.001). Cost analysis suggested that children attending traditional school-based ASPs—at an average cost of $17.67 per day—would need an additional daily investment of $1.59 per child for 12 weeks to increase their moderate-vigorous physical activity by a model-implied 14.7 percentage points.Conclusions. A low-cost, alternative after-school program featuring adult-led physical activities in a community recreation center was associated with increased physical activity compared to standard-of-care school-based after-school program.
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Downing, Mark, and Roland K. Roberts. "Estimating Visitor Use-Value of Arboreta: The Case of the University of Tennessee Arboretum2." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-9.4.207.
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Abstract Many studies have estimated demand functions for visits to recreation sites. Several included commonly defined recreation-based areas such as beaches, parks, lakes and rivers, but excluded examination of horticulturally significant sites such as botanic gardens and arboreta. This study estimates user-demand and consumer surplus for visits to the University of Tennessee Arboretum by the travel cost method. Results suggest that travel cost and income of consumers are important determinants of demand, at least in the case of visits to the University of Tennessee Arboretum, and that consumer-use value may be derived from this demand. Consumer-use value is estimated to be $20.43 per person.
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Gulczyński, Radosław, and Czesław Przybyła. "Costs of the construction and operation of irrigation systems in recreation and sports areas." Journal of Water and Land Development 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-011-0009-1.
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Costs of the construction and operation of irrigation systems in recreation and sports areas The paper discusses the problems of investment costs of irrigation systems in recreation and sports objects and the costs of maintenance and operation of these systems. For this purpose, source materials referring to six objects realized in the years 2006-2007 in Konin district were analysed. Particular consideration was devoted to the irrigation system, water intake and costs of the construction and operation of the irrigation system in various operation conditions. Furthermore, cost analysis included the maintenance and operation of particular objects. In effect of these studies, the investment unit costs per square meter of area were calculated.
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Monz, Christopher, and Ashley D'Antonio. "An Assessment of Recreation Impacts in Alpine and Subalpine Areas of Grand Teton National Park: Preliminary Findings." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 32 (January 1, 2009): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2009.3743.
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Changes to resource conditions due to recreation use were examined in select locations in Grand Teton National Park. The study focused on assessing areas off designated trails and sites, where visitor use can often result in rapid and undesirable resource impacts. Preliminary results suggest that while resource change is significant in some locations, impacts tend to be limited spatially to areas surrounding popular destination sites. In addition, several alpine and subalpine locations of known recreation use showed little or no resource change outside of designated trails and sites. This work provides a baseline condition assessment that allows for an examination of change over time and an evaluation of the effectiveness of visitor management actions.
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Weese, W. James. "The Development of an Instrument to Measure Effectiveness in Campus Recreation Programs." Journal of Sport Management 11, no. 3 (July 1997): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.11.3.263.
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Organizational effectiveness continues to be a popular topic in management settings, seminars, and research projects. Similar levels of interest prevail in the area of sport management, although most of the attention is expressed in the elite sport areas. This paper provides an overview of the organizational effectiveness literature with specific application to the area of recreationalintramural sport programs in institutions of higher learning.The Target Population Satisfaction Index (TPSI) instrument is introduced as an instrument to measure organizational effectiveness in these programs. The author outlines the steps taken to develop and test the instrument as well as a suggested protocol for administering the instrument. The TPSI instrument was subjected to a number of psychometric assessments and is presented as a valid and reliable measurement tool.
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Luce, Bryan R., and Kit Simpson. "Methods of cost-effectiveness analysis: areas of consensus and debate." Clinical Therapeutics 17, no. 1 (January 1995): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-2918(95)80012-3.
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Shaw, W. Douglass, and Paul Jakus. "Travel Cost Models of the Demand for Rock Climbing." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 25, no. 2 (October 1996): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007796.
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In this paper we estimate the demand for rock climbing and calculate welfare measures for changing access to a number of climbs at a climbing area. In addition to the novel recreation application, we extend the travel cost methodology by combining the double hurdle count data model (DH) with a multinomial logit model of site-choice. The combined model allows us simultaneously to explain the decision to participate and to allocate trips among sites. The application is to climbers who visit one of the premiere rock-climbing areas in the northeastern United States and its important substitute sites. We also estimate a conventional welfare measure, which is the maximum WTP to avoid loss of access to the climbing site.
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Wu, Qianyan, Xiang Bi, Kelly Grogan, and Tatiana Borisova. "Valuing the Recreation Benefits of Natural Springs in Florida." Water 10, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101379.
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Karst springs are scenic natural resources in karst areas of Florida, currently under threat from increasing groundwater withdrawal from the Floridan Aquifer and pollution resulting from a variety of sources. This paper estimates the current recreation benefits from visiting springs using the travel cost method and elicits residents’ willingness to contribute for springs restoration using the contingent valuation method. It further compares the performance of count data models correcting for endogenous stratification and truncation, and finds that the annual consumer surplus per person per trip is between $20 and $43, and the annual total recreational value for the four springs studied is about $25 million. Furthermore, visitors are willing to contribute $12 to $14 per person per trip for springs restoration without reducing trip demand.
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Liu, Tianle, Li Ma, Linsong Cheng, Yilei Hou, and Yali Wen. "Is Ecological Birdwatching Tourism a More Effective Way to Transform the Value of Ecosystem Services?—A Case Study of Birdwatching Destinations in Mingxi County, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 12424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312424.
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Ecological birdwatching tourism is an ecological product and an essential part of ecotourism, and the realization of its recreation value is crucial for improving human well-being, and realization of the local benefits of ecosystem services for areas focused on biodiversity conservation, especially in bird species. In this study, we use travel cost interval analysis, one of the travel cost derived models featuring more easily satisfied assumptions and less limited data, to evaluate the recreation value of the ecological bird-watching tourism destination, and compare it with the general ecotourism, of Mingxi County destination in China. The results show that, firstly, the per capita recreation value of eco-birdwatching is 3.9 times that of general eco-tourism, its per capita social benefit is three times that of general eco-tourism, and its per capita economic benefit is 4.5 times that of general eco-tourism. Secondly, compared with general ecotourists, the per capita travel costs of eco-birdwatchers are higher, and there were significant statistical differences in the expenses for catering, tickets, shopping, opportunity cost, and total travel expenses between these two groups. Thirdly, in comparison with general ecotourists, the marginal cost of an individual eco-birdwatcher is higher, and the travel intention of an eco-birdwatcher is more robust at the same cost level. The price of a single eco-birdwatcher is higher under the same travel intention demand level. In short, the ecological bird-watching industry has a higher marginal value than general eco-tourism and has higher social, economic, and ecological benefits, bringing a higher level of development for the local tourism industry.
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Oki, Olukayode, and Morolake Oladayo Lawrence. "cost-effectiveness of fibre optic technology deployment in rural area." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2022v13i2p111-123.
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Studies have shown that the majority of the global population are migrating from rural to urban areas. People are leaving rural areas due to poor services such as poor broadband service. Fibre optic technology has been introduced as a solution to poor broadband quality. However, as a result of the peculiar characteristics of South Africa's rural areas, the majority of the telecommunication operators are hesitant to invest in ICT in rural areas because it tends to be much less profitable. Hence, the study of how cost-effective it would be to deploy a fibre optic network in rural areas as compared to the current wireless (LTE) network remains an open issue. This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of deploying a fibre optic network in the rural area of Mdantsane township, by analysing the installation and operation costs of fibre optic networks in comparison to the cost of wireless (LTE) networks. The finding of the study amongst others showed that while fibre optic networks seem to be great, however, they come at a cost. The cost of drilling and trenching associated with the deployment of fibre optic networks was reported as the key reason why the network deployment is costly. Hence, reducing the cost of drilling and trenching would reduce the cost significantly. The study suggests that, to lower fibre optic deployment costs, network operators should collaborate and share costs through a customised pricing model that benefits both the operators and rural internet users.
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Winter, Patricia L., Robert B. Cialdini, Renee J. Bator, Kelton Rhoads, and Brad J. Sagarin. "An Analysis of Normative Messages in Signs at Recreation Settings." Journal of Interpretation Research 3, no. 1 (April 1998): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258729800300103.
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The reliance on signs as a mode of agency communication with visitors requires an examination of message presentation and content in order to evaluate message impact and effectiveness. This paper reports on a systematic evaluation of signs and messages at 42 recreation areas in California and Arizona. A number of factors, including type of site, managing agency, density of message locales, sign attributes, and message content, were examined. Messages addressing depreciative activities, and how those messages were framed, were of particular interest. The vast majority of messages presented behavioral commands (injunctive norms) and were negatively worded (proscriptive). This striking imbalance points to concerns in visitor information and education, allowing room for adjustments based on social-psychological principles of communication.
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MATSUSHIMA, SHOSUI. "A Study on Cost-effectiveness of Health Problem in Rural Areas." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 48, no. 4 (1999): 616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.48.616.
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Jackson, Mervyn, and Ray Wilks. "The Cost of Child Behaviour Therapy: The First Step to Demonstrating Cost-effectiveness." Behaviour Change 13, no. 2 (June 1996): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081348390000382x.
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There has been extensive debate over the last three decades about which professional groups should receive government-funded rebates in the mental health field. Cognitive-behaviour therapists appear to be in the best position to demonstrate clinical efficacy, but have failed to demonstrate cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy. There is a need to demonstrate the cost of behaviour therapy as the first step in determining the cost-effectiveness of behaviour therapy compared to the traditional (medical-based) interventions. Using archival data from a university-based psychology clinic specialising in cognitive-behavioural interventions with child and adolescent problems, the present research determined the cost of successful treatment programs with the clinic's major referral areas: nocturnal enuresis, behaviour management, and education-based problems. Analysing 77 cases, it was found that there were significant between group differences in the number and total duration of face-to-face interviews, in the number of other contacts between therapist and client, in total therapist time, and in the estimated average cost of cases. There emerged different treatment patterns for each clinical problem, and these were reflected in costing. A number of research and methodological issues are explored. Implications for future research on cost-effectiveness and the subsequent collection of comparative data across clinics and a variety of clinical problem areas are discussed.
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Weese, W. James. "Do Leadership and Organizational Culture Really Matter?" Journal of Sport Management 10, no. 2 (April 1996): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.10.2.197.
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The areas of leadership and organizational culture continue to capture the interest of researchers and practitioners alike. Some suggest that these two areas might hold the key to understanding and predicting organizational effectiveness. Others remain skeptical, offering that effectiveness is determined by a variety of factors, many of which fall beyond the scope of the leader's influence or the culture of the organization. The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to explore the relationships that exist between transformational leadership (measured by the Leadership Behavior Questionnaire, organizational culture (measured by the Culture Strength Assessment), and organizational effectiveness (measured by the Target Population Satisfaction Index) in the campus recreation programs of both the Big Ten and Mid-American Conferences (N= 19). The directors of these programs were given considerable levels of job autonomy to lead their respective programs as well as the opportunity to alter and/or imbed a desired culture during their administration. Significant differences were uncovered in both conferences for executive transformational leadership and organizational effectiveness. However, no significant relationship was uncovered between transformational leadership and organizational effectiveness. A significant relationship was discovered between organizational culture strength and organizational effectiveness.
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Cao, Ruochen, James Walsh, Andrew Cunningham, Mark Kohler, Ross T. Smith, and Bruce H. Thomas. "Examining Computer–Supported 3D Event Recreation for Enhancing Cognitive Load, Memorability, and Engagement." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 4, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti4030037.
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Three-dimensional rendering technologies have long been utilized for explanatory purposes in scientific visualization and related areas. Their applications to wider fields, however, have often been limited. In this paper, we explore the use of 3D model and animation techniques, combined with narrative techniques, for recreating event-based information to aid understanding. An empirical experiment was conducted which examined the effectiveness of 3D model images and 3D animation videos compared to reading narratives in textual form. The results indicated that both forms of 3D graphical techniques positively supported users in terms of cognitive load, recall, and engagement over reading text.
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Soe Zin, Wai, Aya Suzuki, Kelvin S. H. Peh, and Alexandros Gasparatos. "Economic Value of Cultural Ecosystem Services from Recreation in Popa Mountain National Park, Myanmar: A Comparison of Two Rapid Valuation Techniques." Land 8, no. 12 (December 14, 2019): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8120194.
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Protected areas offer diverse ecosystem services, including cultural services related to recreation, which contribute manifold to human wellbeing and the economy. However, multiple pressures from other human activities often compromise ecosystem service delivery from protected areas. It is thus fundamental for effective management to understand the recreational values and visitor behaviors in such areas. This paper undertakes a rapid assessment of the economic value of cultural ecosystem services related to recreation in a national park in Myanmar using two valuation techniques, the individual travel cost method (TCM) and the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA v.1.2). We focus on the Popa Mountain National Park, a protected area visited by approximately 800,000 domestic and 25,000 international tourists annually. Individual TCM estimates that each domestic visitor spent USD 20–24 per trip, and the total annual recreational value contributed by these visitors was estimated at USD 16.1–19.6 million (USD 916–1111 ha−1). TESSA estimated the annual recreational expenditure from domestic and international visitors at USD 15.1 million (USD 858 ha−1) and USD 5.04 million (USD 286 ha−1), respectively. Both methods may be employed as practical approaches to assess the recreational values of protected areas (and other land uses with recreational value), and they have rather complementary approaches. We recommend that both techniques be combined into a single survey protocol.
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Koropeckyj-Cox, Lydia, Reid D. Christianson, and Yongping Yuan. "Effectiveness of Conservation Crop Rotation for Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14017.
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HighlightsAdjusting nitrogen (N) fertilization rates for corn following legumes can reduce N losses.Including perennial legumes in corn rotations can reduce nitrate-N losses and improve water quality.Crop rotations that include three or more years of legumes can be cost-effective.Corn-soybean was the most cost-effective, with a net benefit in nitrate-N loss reduction compared to continuous corn.Abstract. Legumes included in corn-based crop rotation systems provide a variety of benefits to the subsequent crops and potentially to the environment. This review aims to synthesize available data from the literature on legume N credits and the effects of crop rotations on water quality, as well as to analyze the cost benefits associated with different legume-corn rotation systems. We found that there was much variation in reported values for legume N credits to subsequent corn crops, from both empirical results and recommendations made by U.S. land grant universities. But despite inherent complexity, accounting for this contribution is critical when estimating optimal N fertilizer application rates as part of nutrient management. Results from research on the influence of crop rotations on water quality show that including legumes in corn-based rotation systems generally decreases nitrate-N concentrations in subsurface drainage discharge. Our cost analysis showed that incorporating legumes in cropping systems reduced N fertilizer and pesticide costs compared to conventional cropping systems, i.e., continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations, but extended rotations, such as corn-soybean-alfalfa-alfalfa-alfalfa, are not as profitable as conventional systems in the U.S. Midwest. In comparing continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations, although their impacts on water quality are not significantly different when using overall means from the literature data, corn-soybean rotations are more profitable than continuous corn. When using data from papers that directly compared the two, we found that switching from continuous corn to corn-soybean can provide a benefit of $5 per kg N loss reduction. The cost analysis methods used could be tailored to any location or management scenario with appropriate inputs and serve as a useful tool for assessing cost benefits for other agricultural conservation practices. Legume-corn crop rotations have the potential to be an effective conservation practice with the ultimate goal of improving water quality, and, with further research, these rotations could be made even more effective by integrating them into a multi-practice system. Keywords: Conservation practice, Cost analysis, Crop rotation, Nitrate, Nutrient management, Water quality.
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Zvereva, L. A., E. V. Baidakova, and E. A. Melnikova. "Economic assessment of biological resources in Bryansk region." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2212-06.
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Choosing the optimal use of natural resources from all possible variants requires their comprehensive assessment. In this paper, the authors tried to valuate the annual use of biological resources of the Bryansk region: wild animals, fish, forest products, swamps, forest plantations and recreation areas. It is difficult to valuate biological resources of any territory due to the poor knowledge of some natural components, as well as the lack of necessary methodological materials, so the potential cost of resources has not been taken into account
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Neumann, Peter J., Megan Farquhar, Colby L. Wilkinson, Mackenzie Lowry, and Marthe Gold. "Lack of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses to Address Healthy People 2020 Priority Areas." American Journal of Public Health 106, no. 12 (December 2016): 2205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303361.
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Gouhari, Saeeda, Alan Forrest, and Michaela Roberts. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of forest ecosystem services in mountain areas in Afghanistan." Land Use Policy 108 (September 2021): 105670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105670.
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Sebastián, Miguel San, Isabel Goicolea, Jaime Avilés, and Mauricio Narváez. "Improving Immunization Coverage in Rural Areas of Ecuador: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis." Tropical Doctor 31, no. 1 (January 2001): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550103100107.
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Neumann, Peter J., Jordan E. Anderson, Ari D. Panzer, Elle F. Pope, Brittany N. D'Cruz, David D. Kim, and Joshua T. Cohen. "Comparing the cost-per-QALYs gained and cost-per-DALYs averted literatures." Gates Open Research 2 (January 18, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12786.1.
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Background: We examined the similarities and differences between studies using two common metrics used in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs): cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. Methods: We used the Tufts Medical Center CEA Registry, which contains English-language cost-per-QALY gained studies, and Global Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (GHCEA) Registry, which contains cost-per-DALY averted studies. We examined study characteristics including intervention type, sponsor, country, and primary disease, and also analysed the number of CEAs versus disease burden estimates for major diseases and conditions across three geographic regions. Results: We identified 6,438 cost-per-QALY and 543 cost-per-DALY studies published through 2016 and observed rapid growth in publication rates for both literatures. Cost-per-QALY studies were most likely to examine pharmaceuticals and interventions in high-income countries. Cost-per-DALY studies predominantly focused on infectious disease interventions and interventions in low and lower-middle income countries. We found discrepancies in the number of published CEAs for certain diseases and conditions in certain regions, suggesting “under-studied” areas (e.g., cardiovascular disease in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania and “overstudied” areas (e.g., HIV in Sub Saharan Africa) relative to disease burden in those regions. Conclusions: The number of cost-per QALY and cost-per-DALY analyses has grown rapidly with applications to diverse interventions and diseases. Discrepancies between the number of published studies and disease burden suggest funding opportunities for future cost-effectiveness research.
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Neumann, Peter J., David D. Kim, Thomas A. Trikalinos, Mark J. Sculpher, Joshua A. Salomon, Lisa A. Prosser, Douglas K. Owens, et al. "Future Directions for Cost-effectiveness Analyses in Health and Medicine." Medical Decision Making 38, no. 7 (September 24, 2018): 767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x18798833.
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Objectives. In 2016, the Second Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine updated the seminal work of the original panel from 2 decades earlier. The Second Panel had an opportunity to reflect on the evolution of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and to provide guidance for the next generation of practitioners and consumers. In this article, we present key topics for future research and policy. Methods. During the course of its deliberations, the Second Panel discussed numerous topics for advancing methods and for improving the use of CEA in decision making. We identify and consider 7 areas for which the panel believes that future research would be particularly fruitful. In each of these areas, we highlight outstanding research needs. The list is not intended as an exhaustive inventory but rather a set of key items that surfaced repeatedly in the panel’s discussions. In the online Appendix , we also list and expound briefly on 8 other important topics. Results. We highlight 7 key areas: CEA and perspectives (determining, valuing, and summarizing elements for the analysis), modeling (comparative modeling and model transparency), health outcomes (valuing temporary health and path states, as well as health effects on caregivers), costing (a cost catalogue, valuing household production, and productivity effects), evidence synthesis (developing theory on learning across studies and combining data from clinical trials and observational studies), estimating and using cost-effectiveness thresholds (empirically representing 2 broad concepts: opportunity costs and public willingness to pay), and reporting and communicating CEAs (written protocols and a quality scoring system). Conclusions. Cost-effectiveness analysis remains a flourishing and evolving field with many opportunities for research. More work is needed on many fronts to understand how best to incorporate CEA into policy and practice.
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Englin, Jeffrey, John Loomis, and Armando González-Cabán. "The dynamic path of recreational values following a forest fire: a comparative analysis of states in the Intermountain West." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-118.
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This analysis examines the dynamic path of recreational values following a forest fire in three different states in the intermountain western United States. The travel cost demand analysis found that annual recreation values after a fire follow a highly nonlinear intertemporal path. The path is S-shaped, providing a range of benefits and losses in the years following a fire. While the results discourage the use of a single value throughout the Intermountain West, they do provide a range of likely values that public land managers can apply to fire-affected areas in their jurisdictions.
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Guo, Shien, Michael A. Counte, and James C. Romeis. "HYPERBARIC OXYGEN TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW OF ITS APPLICATIONS, EFFICACY, AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 19, no. 2 (April 2003): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462303000308.
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Objectives: To examine the growing evidence and the consensus in the medical community concerning the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2T) and to suggest future research areas to ensure the appropriate use of this technology.Methods: A literature search of articles published between 1985 and 2000 was conducted using PubMed to describe the growth of HBO2T-related articles published over the past fifteen years. In addition, articles involving the qualitative synthesis of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of HBO2T in thirteen major application areas were identified and compared with the changing view of the medical community toward the evidence of HBO2T.Results: The total number of HBO2T-related articles published annually has steadily increased over the past fifteen years. This increase has gradually contributed to a consensus in the medical community concerning the evidence of efficacy in its major application areas. However, information regarding the cost-effectiveness of HBO2T is still extremely limited.Conclusions: Although evidence concerning the efficacy of HBO2T has been growing in the past, more evidence is still needed for some of its major application areas. Moreover, there is an urgent need to shift part of the research focus on HBO2T to its cost-effectiveness to provide decision makers with relevant information to evaluate this technology objectively.
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Villari, Paolo, Giovanni Fattore, Joanna E. Siegel, A. David Paltiel, and Milton C. Weinstein. "Economic Evaluation of HIV Testing Among Intravenous Drug Users: An Analytic Framework and Its Application to Italy." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 12, no. 2 (1996): 336–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300009673.
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AbstractWe performed an economic evaluation of HIV testing among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in Italy using the analytical framework of cost-effectiveness analysis. A semi-Markov model was developed to calculate costs and life expectancy of a cohort of IVDUs with and without an annual HIV testing program. We also investigated the incremental cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical early treatment to prolong the life expectancy of HIV-infected asymptomatic subjects by 1 year. The testing program is cost saving in the low prevalence scenario (0.05), and costs L 14,000,000 (US $8,400) and L 55,800,000 (US $33,500) per year of life saved in areas of medium (0.3) and high (0.6) prevalence, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness of the hypothetical early treatment may compare favorably with other health care interventions. The program may be considered a cost-effective procedure in low and medium prevalence areas. Where prevalence is high, more evidence about the magnitude of the behavior change is needed. In these areas, the availability of an effective early treatment may become the economic rationale for implementing such a program.
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Opanasiuk, Yu. "METHODOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTMENT EVALUATION ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE CITY RECREATIONAL COMPLEX AGGLOMERATION." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.1-2.
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The article is devoted to the concept of " investment appeal". The evaluation of attractiveness of recreational facilities in urban areas for investors is considered. The author gives an author's interpretation of the investment appeal of the recreational sector. The investment appeal of the recreational sector is an integral characteristic of the individual objects of recreation and market infrastructure, conditions of activity and risks, which will lead to the achievement of the goals of the investor. The basic methods of estimation of investment appeal are considered in the article. The author concluded that none of them adapted to measure the investment appeal of the recreational areas. In the article the method of evaluating the attractiveness agglomerations for investors by analyzing recreation facilities. The author proposes to evaluate on five general indicators: the level of economic development of the agglomeration, level of investment infrastructure agglomeration, demographic characteristics of agglomeration, level of recreational infrastructure agglomeration, the level of criminogenic, environmental and other risks. Аuthor proposed general indicators calculated on the basis of standardized individual indicators. The algorithm of such evaluation is developed in the article. In the article the analysis of Sumy, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv and Odessa agglomeration was carried out. The author identifies the main factors of attracting investors to agglomerations. Odessa agglomeration has positive factors for the investor: natural resource potential, large tourist flow, the large number of recreational facilities, highly developed financial infrastructure and transport systems, the level of overall agglomeration development. Monitoring the rating of investment will identify factors that impede the development of recreation. It helps us to propose measures increase the investment appeal of the recreational areas. It also allows us to develop programs for socio-economic development of urban agglomerations. Such evaluation may be performed by analysis of the implementation recreational development programs effectiveness.
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Bermejo, Inigo, Hazel Squires, Edith N. Poku, Katy Cooper, John W. Stevens, Jean Hamilton, Ruth Wong, Ian Pearce, Fahd Mohammed Quhill, and Alastair K. Denniston. "Adalimumab for non-infectious uveitis: is it cost-effective?" British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 11 (February 6, 2019): 1633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312756.
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Background/AimsUveitis is inflammation inside the eye. Our objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of adalimumab compared with current practice (immunosuppressants and systemic corticosteroids) in patients with non-infectious intermediate, posterior or panuveitis and to identify areas for future research.MethodsA Markov model was built to estimate costs and benefits of the interventions. Systematic reviews were performed to identify the available relevant clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence. Data collected in two key randomised controlled trials (VISUAL I and VISUAL II) were used to estimate the interventions’ effectiveness compared with the trials’ comparator arms (placebo plus limited current practice (LCP)). The analysis was performed from the National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective. Costs were calculated based on standard UK sources.ResultsThe estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of adalimumab versus LCP for the base case are £92 600 and £318 075 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained for active and inactive uveitis, respectively. In sensitivity analyses, the ICER varied from £15 579 to £120 653 and £35 642 to £800 775 per QALY for active and inactive uveitis.ConclusionThe estimated ICERs of adalimumab versus LCP are above generally accepted thresholds for cost-effectiveness in the UK. Adalimumab may be more cost-effective in patients with active uveitis at greater risk of blindness. However, there is an unmet need for additional primary data to provide more reliable estimates in several important areas, including effectiveness of adalimumab versus current practice (instead of LCP), incidence of long-term blindness, adalimumab effectiveness in avoiding blindness, and rates and time to remission while on adalimumab.
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Andersen, M. Robyn, Michelle Hager, Celina Su, and Nicole Urban. "Analysis of the Cost-Effectiveness of Mammography Promotion by Volunteers in Rural Communities." Health Education & Behavior 29, no. 6 (December 2002): 755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019802237942.
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The Community Trial of Breast Cancer Screening Promotion assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mammography promotion by community volunteer groups in rural areas using three different intervention approaches: individual counseling, community activities, and a combined intervention including both. Societal costs of the interventions were calculated and used in conjunction with measures of effectiveness to calculate cost-effectiveness in terms of cost per additional mammogram and cost per year of life saved. Methods of collecting and using cost information to assess the cost-effectiveness of community interventions are described. The Community Activities intervention was found to be the most cost-effective, at approximately $2,000 for each additional regular mammography user in the community. The cost per year of life saved associated with mammography promotion was approximately $56,000 per year of life saved. Exploratory analyses suggest that the most cost-effective method of promoting mammography use may vary with the target population.
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Johansson, Pia, Claes-Göran Östenson, Agneta M. Hilding, Camilla Andersson, Clas Rehnberg, and Per Tillgren. "A cost-effectiveness analysis of a community-based diabetes prevention program in Sweden." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, no. 03 (July 2009): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309990079.
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Objectives:Lifestyle changes to prevent type 2 diabetes among high-risk persons have been shown to be cost-effective. This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of a community-based program promoting general population lifestyle changes to prevent diabetes.Methods:The 10-year program was implemented in three municipalities in Sweden. Effectiveness was measured with a quasiexperimental cohort design, that is, risk factor levels in a population group aged 36–56 years at baseline and 8–10 years later (2,149 men; 3,092 women) in the program municipalities and a control area were compared. The incremental cost-utility analysis included future diabetes and cardiovascular disease-related health effects and societal costs (discounted 3 percent), estimated by a Markov model.Results:In all areas, risk factor levels increased during follow-up, leading to increased societal costs of between SEK40,000 and 90,000 (1 Euro 2004 = SEK9.13; 1 US$ = SEK 7.35) and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) losses between 0.12 and 0.48 per individual. Compared with the control area, the cost increases and QALY losses for women were more favorable in two program areas but less favorable in one, and less favorable for men in both areas (data unavailable for one municipality). The findings indicate that the program was cost-effective in only two female study groups.Conclusions:Conflicting results on the cost-effectiveness of the program were obtained. As several potentially valuable aspects of the program are not included in the cost-effectiveness analysis, the societal value of the program might not be adequately reflected.
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Wright, David, Richard Little, David Turner, and Tracey Thornley. "Diabetes Screening Through Community Pharmacies in England: A Cost-Effectiveness Study." Pharmacy 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7010030.
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Community pharmacies are commonly used to screen for patients with diabetes. The aim of this paper is to estimate the cost per test and cost per appropriately referred patient from a pharmacy perspective using a one-year decision tree model. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed to estimate the effect of geographical location and patient self-referral rate. Data was used from 164 patients screened and located in an area with average social deprivation and largely white European inhabitants and 172 patients in an area with higher social deprivation (lower than average ability to access society’s resources) and a mixed ethnicity population in England. The diabetes screening consisted of initial risk assessment via questionnaire followed by HbA1c test for those identified as high risk. The cost per person screened was estimated as £28.65. The cost per appropriately referred patient with type 2 diabetes was estimated to range from £7638 to £11,297 in deprived mixed ethnicity and non-deprived areas respectively. This increased to £12,730 and £18,828, respectively, if only 60% of patients referred chose to inform their general practitioner (GP). The cost per test and identification rates through community pharmacies was similar to that reported through medical practices. Locating services in areas of suspected greater diabetes prevalence and increasing the proportion of patients who follow pharmacist advice to attend their medical practice improves cost-effectiveness.
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Patoka, Iryna. "Scientific approaches to assessment of the ecosystem services of the nature protected areas." University Economic Bulletin, no. 50 (August 31, 2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-50-48-57.
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Relevance of research topic. Assessing ecosystems in terms of their contribution to the human well-being is one of the ways to achieve the goals of sustainable development, namely within the implementation of goals 14 and 15, therefore, it is an extremely important task in developing strategies for the development of local communities. Formulation of the problem. There is no official methodology for assessing ecosystem services and its integration into the management system in Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications. Currently, approaches to the assessment of ecosystems and their services are being developed, which are presented in the leading international documents: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB), System of Environmental-Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounting. Final Draft. Version 5. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The issues of forming methodological approaches to the assessment of ecosystem services of protected areas of communities remain little studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. In this study, the task is to assess the ecosystem services of the protected area of the community basing on the example of cultural services (recreation and tourіsm) and services for biodiversity conservation. Method or methodology for conducting research. To assess the cost of ecosystem services in the protected area, a methodological approach to estimating the overall economic value of ecosystems is used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). On the example of the protected area of NPP "Bug Guard" within Blagodatnenskaya OTG Pervomaisky district of Mykolayiv region calculated the cost of direct and indirect use of ecosystem services (considered cultural services) and the cost of its existence (considered services to preserve biodiversity), as well as the total economic value. The field of application of results. The calculations are of great practical importance for territorial management. Conclusions according to the article The paper proves that the cost of indirect use of ecosystem services of the protected area and the cost of its existence significantly outweigh the cost of direct use.
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Chang, Andrew Y., Daniel Kaiser, Aditya Ullal, Alexander C. Perino, Paul A. Heidenreich, and Mintu P. Turakhia. "Evaluating the Cost-effectiveness of Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 3, no. 3 (2014): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/aer.2014.3.3.177.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac conditions treated in primary care and specialty cardiology settings, and is associated with considerable morbidity, mortality and cost. Catheter ablation, typically by electrically isolating the pulmonary veins and surrounding tissue, is more effective at maintaining sinus rhythm than conventional antiarrhythmic drug therapy and is now recommended as first-line therapy. From a value standpoint, the cost-effectiveness of ablation must incorporate the upfront procedural costs and risks with the benefits of longer term improvements in quality of life (QOL) and healthcare utilisation. Here, we present a primer on cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), review the data on cost-effectiveness of AF ablation and outline key areas for further investigation.
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Barbieri, M., G. Richardson, and S. Paisley. "The cost-effectiveness of follow-up strategies after cancer treatment: a systematic literature review." British Medical Bulletin 126, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldy011.
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Abstract Introduction The cost of treatment and follow-up of cancer patients in the UK is substantial. In a budget-constrained system such as the NHS, it is necessary to consider the cost-effectiveness of the range of management strategies at different points on cancer patients’ care pathways to ensure that they provide adequate value for money. Sources of data We conducted a systematic literature review to explore the cost-effectiveness of follow-up strategies of patients previously treated for cancer with the aim of informing UK policy. All papers that were considered to be economic evaluations in the subject areas described above were extracted. Areas of agreement The existing literature suggests that intensive follow-up of patients with colorectal disease is likely to be cost-effective, but the opposite holds for breast cancer. Areas of controversy Interventions and strategies for follow-up in cancer patients were variable across type of cancer and setting. Drawing general conclusions about the cost-effectiveness of these interventions/strategies is difficult. Growing points The search identified 2036 references but applying inclusion/exclusion criteria a total of 44 articles were included in the analysis. Breast cancer was the most common (n = 11) cancer type followed by colorectal (n = 10) cancer. In general, there were relatively few studies of cost-effectiveness of follow-up that could influence UK guidance. Where there was evidence, in the most part, NICE guidance broadly reflected this evidence. Areas timely to develop research In terms of future research around the timing, frequency and composition of follow-ups, this is dependent on the type of cancer being considered. Nevertheless, across most cancers, the possibility of remote follow-up (or testing) by health professionals other than hospital consultants in other settings appears to warrant further work.
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Gruening, H., H. Hoppe, S. Messmann, and A. Giga. "Cost effectiveness of centralised and decentralised storm water treatment." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 11 (June 1, 2011): 2598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.163.
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As part of a research & development project commissioned by the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia's Ministry for the Environment and Nature Conservation, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (MUNLV) an examination is being carried out of the general possibilities for centralised and decentralised treatment storm water runoff to be discharged into (canalised) receiving waters and the costs ensuing from this. The examination of the different options is being carried out under real conditions, with the Briller Creek (Wuppertal/Germany) and Müggen Creek (Remscheid/Germany) catchment areas being used as models. The range of investigations deals with a comparison between ‘decentralised, semicentralised, centralised’ storm water treatment, centralised storm water treatment involving a separate sewer and parameter-specific pollution based storm water runoff control. In the framework of the research project each of the variants is to be elaborated and the costs are to be calculated so as to permit a comparison between the different system designs. In particular, the investigations are to take into account the actual requirements to be met by storm water drainage systems involving separate sewage systems.
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Jacobs, Molly, and Charles Ellis. "Understanding the Economics of Aphasia: Recent Findings from Speech and Language Research." Seminars in Speech and Language 43, no. 03 (June 2022): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749132.
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AbstractIn recent years, stakeholders engaged in the study, treatment, and understanding of aphasia outcomes have emphasized the need for greater transparency regarding the economics of aphasia rehabilitation. Most notably, third-party payers and clinicians have a keen interest in understanding the resources used to treat aphasia, particularly the cost-effectiveness and value of aphasia treatments. In this article, we review the current literature related to the economic burden of aphasia and the cost and cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments. To date, relatively few scholars have attempted to study the efficiency, scale, and scope related to the economics of aphasia and the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatment. While studies of the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments have shown rehabilitative treatments conform to established quality and cost benchmarks, the continued progress and developments in the treatment of aphasia and measurement of clinical outcomes has left many areas unstudied. We highlight the need for greater emphasis on the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments in addition to the traditional focus on the efficacy of treatment outcomes.
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Mbonigaba, Josue. "The cost-effectiveness of intervening in low and high HIV prevalence areas in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 16, no. 2 (May 31, 2013): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i2.346.
Full textAbstract:
This research compared the cost-effectiveness of a set of HIV/AIDS interventions in a low HIV prevalence area (LPA) and in a high HIV prevalence area (HPA) in South Africa. The rationale for this analysis was to assess the interaction dynamics between a specific HIV/AIDS intervention and an area of implementation and the effects of these dynamics on the cost-effectiveness of such an HIV/AIDS intervention. A pair of Markov models was evaluated for each intervention; one model for a HPA and another for an LPA and the cost-effectiveness of that intervention was compared across an LPA and a HPA. The baseline costs and health outcomes in each area were collected from the literature. To depict interaction dynamics between an HIV/AIDS intervention and an area of implementation, baseline health outcomes collected in each area, were adjusted over time based on the patterns of the projections observed in the AIDS model of the Actuarial Society of South Africa (ASSA2008). The study found that the VCT and treatment of STDs were equally cost-effective in an LPA and in a HPA while PMTCT and HAART were more cost-effective in an LPA than in a HPA. As a policy proposal, resources earmarked to non-ARV based interventions (VCT and treatment of STDs) should be equally shared across an LPA and a HPA while more of the resources reserved for ARV-based interventions (PMTCT and HAART) should go in an LPA in order to increase efficiency.