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Academic literature on the topic 'RecR'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "RecR"

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Sawitzke, J. A., and F. W. Stahl. "Phage lambda has an analog of Escherichia coli recO, recR and recF genes." Genetics 130, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/130.1.7.

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Abstract The RecF pathway catalyzes generalized recombination in Escherichia coli that is mutant for recBC, sbcB and sbcC. This pathway operating on conjugational recombination requires the recA, recF, recJ, recN, recO, recQ, recR, ruvA, ruvB and ruvC genes. In contrast, lambda mutant for its own recombination genes, int, red alpha and red beta, requires only the recA and recJ genes to recombine efficiently in recBC sbcB sbcC cells. Deletion of an open reading frame in the ninR region of lambda results in an additional requirement for recO, recR and recF in order to recombine in recBC sbcB sbcC mutant cells. This function, designated orf for recO-, recR- and recF-like function, is largely RecF pathway specific.
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Shiraishi, Kouya, Katsuhiro Hanada, Yoichiro Iwakura, and Hideo Ikeda. "Roles of RecJ, RecO, and RecR in RecET-Mediated Illegitimate Recombination in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 17 (September 1, 2002): 4715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.17.4715-4721.2002.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed effects of overexpression of RecE and RecT on illegitimate recombination during prophage induction in Escherichia coli and found that frequencies of spontaneous and UV-induced illegitimate recombination are enhanced by coexpression of RecE and RecT in the wild type, but the enhanced recombination was reduced by recJ, recO, or recR mutation. The results indicated that RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination depends on the functions of RecJ, RecO, and RecR, suggesting that the RecE and RecJ exonucleases play different roles in this recombination pathway and that the RecO and RecR proteins also play important roles in the recombination. On the other hand, the frequency of the RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination was enhanced by a recQ mutation, implying that the RecQ protein plays a role in suppression of RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination. It was also found that RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination is independent of the RecA function with UV irradiation, but it is enhanced by the recA mutation without UV irradiation. Based on these results, we propose a model for the roles of RecJOR on RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination.
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Luisi-DeLuca, C., S. T. Lovett, and R. D. Kolodner. "Genetic and physical analysis of plasmid recombination in recB recC sbcB and recB recC sbcA Escherichia coli K-12 mutants." Genetics 122, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.2.269.

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Abstract The effect of mutations in known recombination genes (recA, recB, recC, recE, recF, recJ, recN, recO, recQ and ruv) on intramolecular recombination of plasmids was studied in recB recC sbcB and recB recC sbcA Escherichia coli mutants. The rate of recombination of circular dimer plasmids was at least 1000-fold higher in recB recC sbcB or recB recC sbcA mutants as compared to wild-type cells. The rate was decreased by mutations in recA, recF, recJ, recO, ruv or mutS in recB recC sbcB mutants, and by mutations in recE, recN, recO, recQ, ruv or mutS in recB recC sbcA mutants. In addition to measuring the recombination rate of circular dimer plasmids, the recombination-mediated transformation of linear dimer plasmids was also studied. Linear dimer plasmids transformed recB recC sbcB and recB recC sbcA mutants 20- to 40-fold more efficiently than wild-type cells. The transformation efficiency of linear dimer plasmids in recB recC sbcB mutants was decreased by mutations in recA, recF, recJ, recO, recQ or lexA (lexA3). In recB recC sbcA mutants the transformation efficiency of linear dimers was decreased only by a recE mutation. Physical analysis of linear dimer- or circular dimer-transformed recB recC sbcB mutants revealed that all transformants contained recombinant monomer genotypes. This suggests that recombination in recB recC sbcB cells is very efficient.
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Lovett, S. T., C. Luisi-DeLuca, and R. D. Kolodner. "The genetic dependence of recombination in recD mutants of Escherichia coli." Genetics 120, no. 1 (September 1, 1988): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/120.1.37.

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Abstract RecBCD enzyme has multiple activities including helicase, exonuclease and endonuclease activities. Mutations in the genes recB or recC, encoding two subunits of the enzyme, reduce the frequency of many types of recombinational events. Mutations in recD, encoding the third subunit, do not reduce recombination even though most of the activities of the RecBCD enzyme are severely reduced. In this study, the genetic dependence of different types of recombination in recD mutants has been investigated. The effects of mutations in genes in the RecBCD pathway (recA and recC) as well as the genes specific for the RecF pathway (recF, recJ, recN, recO, recQ, ruv and lexA) were tested on conjugational, transductional and plasmid recombination, and on UV survival. recD mutants were hyper-recombinogenic for all the monitored recombination events, especially those involving plasmids, and all recombination events in recD strains required recA and recC. In addition, unlike recD+ strains, chromosomal recombination events and the repair of UV damage to DNA in recD strains were dependent on one RecF pathway gene, recJ. Only a subset of the tested recombination events were affected by ruv, recN, recQ, recO and lexA mutations.
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Lee, Su-jin, Si Yeon Ahn, Han Byeol Oh, Seung Yeon Kim, Wan Seok Song, and Sung-il Yoon. "Structural and Biochemical Analysis of the Recombination Mediator Protein RecR from Campylobacter jejuni." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 12947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612947.

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The recombination mediator complex RecFOR, consisting of the RecF, RecO, and RecR proteins, is needed to initiate homologous recombination in bacteria by positioning the recombinase protein RecA on damaged DNA. Bacteria from the phylum Campylobacterota, such as the pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, lack the recF gene and trigger homologous recombination using only RecR and RecO. To elucidate the functional properties of C. jejuni RecR (cjRecR) in recombination initiation that differ from or are similar to those in RecF-expressing bacteria, we determined the crystal structure of cjRecR and performed structure-based binding analyses. cjRecR forms a rectangular ring-like tetrameric structure and coordinates a zinc ion using four cysteine residues, as observed for RecR proteins from RecF-expressing bacteria. However, the loop of RecR that has been shown to recognize RecO and RecF in RecF-expressing bacteria is substantially shorter in cjRecR as a canonical feature of Campylobacterota RecR proteins, indicating that cjRecR lost a part of the loop in evolution due to the lack of RecF and has a low RecO-binding affinity. Furthermore, cjRecR features a larger positive patch and exhibits substantially higher ssDNA-binding affinity than RecR from RecF-expressing bacteria. Our study provides a framework for a deeper understanding of the RecOR-mediated recombination pathway.
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Poteete, Anthony R. "Modulation of DNA Repair and Recombination by the Bacteriophage λ Orf Function in Escherichia coli K-12." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 2699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.9.2699-2707.2004.

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ABSTRACT The orf gene of bacteriophage λ, fused to a promoter, was placed in the galK locus of Escherichia coli K-12. Orf was found to suppress the recombination deficiency and sensitivity to UV radiation of mutants, in a Δ(recC ptr recB recD)::P tac gam bet exo pae cI ΔrecG background, lacking recF, recO, recR, ruvAB, and ruvC functions. It also suppressed defects of these mutants in establishing replication of a pSC101-related plasmid. Compared to orf, the recA803 allele had only small effects on recF, recO, and recR mutant phenotypes and no effect on a ruvAB mutant. In a fully wild-type background with respect to known recombination and repair functions, orf partially suppressed the UV sensitivity of ruvAB and ruvC mutants.
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Ivančić-Baće, Ivana, Petra Peharec, Sunčana Moslavac, Nikolina Škrobot, Erika Salaj-Šmic†, and Krunoslav Brčić-Kostić. "RecFOR Function Is Required for DNA Repair and Recombination in a RecA Loading-Deficient recB Mutant of Escherichia coli." Genetics 163, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/163.2.485.

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Abstract The RecA loading activity of the RecBCD enzyme, together with its helicase and 5′ → 3′ exonuclease activities, is essential for recombination in Escherichia coli. One particular mutant in the nuclease catalytic center of RecB, i.e., recB1080, produces an enzyme that does not have nuclease activity and is unable to load RecA protein onto single-stranded DNA. There are, however, previously published contradictory data on the recombination proficiency of this mutant. In a recF– background the recB1080 mutant is recombination deficient, whereas in a recF+ genetic background it is recombination proficient. A possible explanation for these contrasting phenotypes may be that the RecFOR system promotes RecA-single-strand DNA filament formation and replaces the RecA loading defect of the RecB1080CD enzyme. We tested this hypothesis by using three in vivo assays. We compared the recombination proficiencies of recB1080, recO, recR, and recF single mutants and recB1080 recO, recB1080 recR, and recB1080 recF double mutants. We show that RecFOR functions rescue the repair and recombination deficiency of the recB1080 mutant and that RecA loading is independent of RecFOR in the recB1080 recD double mutant where this activity is provided by the RecB1080C(D–) enzyme. According to our results as well as previous data, three essential activities for the initiation of recombination in the recB1080 mutant are provided by different proteins, i.e., helicase activity by RecB1080CD, 5′ → 3′ exonuclease by RecJ- and RecA-single-stranded DNA filament formation by RecFOR.
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Liu, Ying-Hsiu, Ann-Joy Cheng, and Tzu-chien V. Wang. "Involvement of recF, recO, and recR Genes in UV-Radiation Mutagenesis ofEscherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 7 (April 1, 1998): 1766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.7.1766-1770.1998.

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ABSTRACT The recF, recO, and recR genes were originally identified as those affecting the RecF pathway of recombination in Escherichia coli cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that the recF, recO, andrecR genes function at the same step of recombination and postreplication repair. In this work, we report that null mutations inrecF, recO, or recR greatly reduce UV-radiation mutagenesis (UVM) in an assay for reversion from a Trp− (trpE65) to a Trp+phenotypes. Introduction of the defective lexA51 mutation [lexA51(Def)] and/or UmuD′ into recF,recO, and recR mutants failed to restore normal UVM in the mutants. On the other hand, the presence ofrecA2020, a suppressor mutation for recF,recO, and recR mutations, restored normal UVM in recF, recO, and recR mutants. These results indicate an involvement of the recF,recO, and recR genes and their products in UVM, possibly by affecting the third role of RecA in UVM.
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Stohl, Elizabeth A., and H. Steven Seifert. "Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA Recombination and Repair Enzymes Protect against Oxidative Damage Caused by Hydrogen Peroxide." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 21 (August 25, 2006): 7645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00801-06.

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ABSTRACT The strict human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae is exposed to oxidative damage during infection. N. gonorrhoeae has many defenses that have been demonstrated to counteract oxidative damage. However, recN is the only DNA repair and recombination gene upregulated in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by microarray analysis and subsequently shown to be important for oxidative damage protection. We therefore tested the importance of RecA and DNA recombination and repair enzymes in conferring resistance to H2O2 damage. recA mutants, as well as RecBCD (recB, recC, and recD) and RecF-like pathway mutants (recJ, recO, and recQ), all showed decreased resistance to H2O2. Holliday junction processing mutants (ruvA, ruvC, and recG) showed decreased resistance to H2O2 resistance as well. Finally, we show that RecA protein levels did not increase as a result of H2O2 treatment. We propose that RecA, recombinational DNA repair, and branch migration are all important for H2O2 resistance in N. gonorrhoeae but that constitutive levels of these enzymes are sufficient for providing protection against oxidative damage by H2O2.
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Marinus, M. G. "Recombination Is Essential for Viability of anEscherichia coli dam (DNA Adenine Methyltransferase) Mutant." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.2.463-468.2000.

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ABSTRACT Double mutants of Escherichia coli dam (DNA adenine methyltransferase) strains with ruvA, ruvB, orruvC could not be constructed, whereas damderivatives with recD, recF, recJ, and recR were viable. The ruv gene products are required for Holliday junction translocation and resolution of recombination intermediates. A dam recG (Holliday junction translocation) mutant strain was isolated but at a very much lower frequency than expected. The inviability of a dam lexA(Ind−) host was abrogated by the simultaneous presence of plasmids encoding both recA and ruvAB. This result indicates that of more than 20 SOS genes, only recAand ruvAB need to be derepressed to allow fordam mutant survival. The presence of mutS ormutL mutations allowed the construction of dam lexA (Ind−) derivatives. The requirement forrecA, recB, recC, ruvA,ruvB, ruvC, and possibly recG gene expression indicates that recombination is essential for viability ofdam bacteria probably to repair DNA double-strand breaks. The effect of mutS and mutL mutations indicates that DNA mismatch repair is the ultimate source of most of these DNA breaks. The requirement for recombination also suggests an explanation for the sensitivity of dam cells to certain DNA-damaging agents.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "RecR"

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Whitby, Matthew Conway. "Molecular and biochemical analysis of the recR operon of Escherichia coli K-12." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335405.

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Mahdi, Akeel Abdulla. "Genetic and molecular analysis of the recR locus of Escherichia coli K-12." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315066.

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Cibele, de Souza Gomes Tatiane. "Desenvolvimento, mecanismo e reversão da resistência ao Temephos na linhagem Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Recife-resistente (RecR)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1070.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3039_1.pdf: 2500078 bytes, checksum: b93d1edbb699a82170ab820d9edc8267 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Brasil, desde 1996, levou ao aparecimento de populações de mosquitos resistentes a esse composto. Apesar disso, o produto continua sendo usado pelo governo, exceto nos locais de detecção da resistência, onde foi substituído por larvicidas biológicos. O conhecimento sobre a forma de desenvolvimento e reversão da resistência em campo, bem como os mecanismos que modulam sua manifestação, pouco avançou nos últimos anos, apesar destas informações serem necessárias para a elaboração de esquemas seguros de manejo da resistência. Este trabalho se propôs a avaliar, utilizando uma linhagem de A. aegypti resistente ao temephos, os mecanismos responsáveis, ao menos em parte, por esta resistência, a possibilidade de respostas cruzadas com outros inseticidas e a reversão à susceptibilidade a este composto, em diferentes situações que simulam a realidade em campo. Assim, diferentes gerações da linhagem de A. aegypti, Recife-Resistente, RecR (14ª e 17ª gerações) mantidas sob forte pressão de seleção ao temephos, foram utilizadas. Como controle, utilizou-se uma linhagem padrão de susceptibilidade, a Rockefeller. Ensaios in vivo com concentrações múltiplas do temephos foram realizados para calcular a CL50 e CL90 e definir a razão de resistência (RR) nas diferentes gerações da RecR. A susceptibilidade da RecR a outros inseticidas, como o regulador de crescimento pyriproxyfen e os adulticidas malathion (organofosforado), deltametrina e cipermetrina (piretróides) foi verificada através de bioensaios dose-resposta (DR) e dosediagnóstica (DD). Para estudos preliminares dos mecanismos que conferem resistência, a atividade de enzimas associadas à detoxificação de inseticidas, como a glutationa S-transferase (GST s), esterases (EST s) α e β e oxidases de função mista (MFO s), também foi analisada na RecR. Para o estudo da reversão da resistência foram estabelecidas três sublinhagens. Duas delas foram provenientes da 14ª geração da RecR (RecRF14), sendo que uma foi mantida sem exposição ao temephos (RecRev1) e a outra sem exposição e com introdução de 30% de indivíduos com baixa resistência (RecRev2). A terceira sublinhagem, proveniente da 17ª geração da RecR (RecRF17), além de não ter sido exposta contou com a introdução de 50% de indivíduos susceptíveis-Rockefeller (RecRev3), a cada nova geração. Os resultados demonstraram que a RecR, apesar de altamente resistente ao temephos, apresentou resposta alterada ao pyriproxyfen e à cipermetrina e susceptibilidade à deltametrina e ao malathion, o que revela a inexistência de resistência cruzada aos dois últimos compostos. Todas as enzimas, em especial as GST s, mostraram atividade alterada nas fases adulta e larvária da RecRF17, exceto as MFO s, portanto é possível sugerir o envolvimento do mecanismo metabólico na resistência ao temephos. Quanto à reversão da resistência, observou-se que cessada a pressão de exposição ao temephos, após nove gerações consecutivas, houve uma redução na RR90 de 14 vezes (8,7) e 42 vezes (3,0) para RecRev1 e RecRev2, respectivamente. A RecRev3 recuperou a susceptibilidade ao composto na F3. Estes resultados demonstraram uma queda drástica na RR nas três condições avaliadas, mas revelam que a resistência ao composto não regride rapidamente diante da simples interrupção de seu uso, como observado na RecRev1, que permaneceu com nível intermediário de resistência (RR= 8,7). Por outro lado, os esquemas que tentaram simular condições de campo relativas à migração de indivíduos susceptíveis ou com baixa resistência mostraram-se mais eficientes na recuperação da susceptibilidade, revelando o caráter instável desta resistência. É possível sugerir, por fim, que a resistência ao composto é reversível e que métodos baseados na liberação de machos susceptíveis possam representar mais uma forma de manejar a resistência ao temephos em campo
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Rosdahl, Charlotte, Mathilda Adrian, and Evelina Ketola. "Rekrytering och ledarskapsstrategier inom evenemangsorganisationer : att rekrytera och leda evenemangets viktigaste resurs." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22403.

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Uppsatsen avhandlar en undersökning om evenemangsorganisationers ledarskapsstrategier vid rekrytering och ledning av volontärer. Då tidigare forskning inom området tenderar att utgå från volontärernas perspektiv fanns det ett intresse att utföra en studie utifrån ett organisatoriskt perspektiv. Detta möjliggjordes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med evenemangsorganisationer. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka olika evenemangsorganisationers strategier för att rekrytera och leda volontärer. För att uppnå studiens syfte utformades följande frågeställningar: Vilka strategier använder evenemangsorganisationer för att rekrytera volontärer? Vilka strategier använder evenemangsorganisationer för att leda volontärer? Vilka likheter och skillnader finns mellan de olika evenemangsorganisationernas strategier vid rekrytering och ledning av volontärer? För att besvara våra frågeställningar utgick vi från fyra teoretiska utgångspunkter. Första utgångspunkten som presenteras är modellen Volunteer functions inventory, ett index som används för att förklara hur anpassade ledarskapsstrategier i relation till volontärers motivationsfaktorer kan bidra till tillfredsställda volontärer. Därefter redogörs teorin om De fem praktikernas ledarskap, som förklarar hur ledare ska gå tillväga för att uppnå ett idealistiskt ledarskap. Sedan presenteras en teori om ett idealläge vid rekrytering av volontärer, Volunteer recruitment. Avslutningsvis beskrivs Transformativt ledarskap, en ledarskapsstil med syfte att involvera volontärer i beslutsprocesser. Studiens resultat påvisade att valda evenemangsorganisationer till viss mån utformar strategier för hur volontärer ska rekryteras och ledas, där strategierna både skiljer sig och liknar varandra. Det går att identifiera att motivationsfaktorer, kravställande, mål och visioner, involvering och kommunikation är de strategier som evenemangsorganisationer belyser är av betydelse vid rekrytering och ledning av volontärer. Resultatet kommer att ligga till underlag för hur organisationer genom sitt ledarskap kan rekrytera och leda volontärer vid evenemang, med syfte att skapa tillfredsställda volontärer. Studien ska även bidra till förståelse för de strategier organisationer inom evenemangsbranschen kan tillämpa för att rekrytera nya volontärer samt för att behålla befintliga volontärer.
This study examines the leadership strategies of event organizations in their work with volunteers. Since earlier studies tend to be based solely on volunteers' perspectives, we found it interesting to conduct a study from an organizational perspective, which was made possible by semi-structured interviews with event organizations. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the leadership strategies that different event organizations applies when recruiting and leading volunteers. Three research questions were asked to answer our purpose: Which strategies do event organizations use when recruiting volunteers? Which strategies do event organizations use when leading volunteers? Which similarities and differences are there between the strategies that the event organizations use when recruiting and leading volunteers? This thesis is using four theoretical frameworks that help us to answer our research questions. Firstly, the framework Volunteer functions inventory, used an index to investigate how strategies are related to volunteer motivation factors. Secondly, the theory of The five practices of exemplary leadership, explaining how leaders will achieve idealistic leadership is presented. Thirdly, a theory for ideal strategy when recruiting volunteers, volunteer recruitment is explained. Lastly, Transformational leadership that describes a leadership style with the aim of involving volunteers in decision-making processes is presented. The study results indicate that event organizations formulates strategies for deciding how volunteers should be recruited and managed and that there are many similarities and differences found between these strategies. It is possible to identify that motivational factors, requirements, goals and visions, involvement and communication are the main factors that event organizations highlight as important to attract and satisfy volunteers. The result should be the basis for how organizations can recruit and lead volunteers through events via their leadership to create the result that event organizations strives for. The study will also help to understand if organizations in the event industry use strategies for how to recruit new volunteers and retain existing volunteers. The language of this thesis is Swedish.
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Vickridge, Elise. "Management of E. coli sister chromatid cohesion in response to genotoxic stress." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS172/document.

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La réplication fidèle de l’ADN au cours du cycle cellulaire est essentielle au maintien de l’intégrité du génome à travers les générations. Toutefois, de nombreux éléments peuvent perturber et compromettre la réplication et donc cette intégrité. La mitomycine C (MMC) est une molécule génotoxique utilisée en chimiothérapie. Elle forme des liaisons covalentes entre les deux brins d’ADN, ce qui est un obstacle à la bonne réplication de l’ADN. La rencontre de la fourche de réplication avec une liaison covalente entre les deux brins d’ADN va aboutir à une cassure double brin. Escherichia coli (E.coli) est un modèle d’étude très étendu car facile d’utilisation, permettant d’aborder des notions complexes. E coli possède divers mécanismes pour réparer ces lésions dont le régulon SOS. Le régulon SOS est un ensemble de gènes sous contrôle d’un promoteur réprimé par la protéine LexA. En réponse à des dommages à l’ADN, LexA est dégradé et les gènes du régulon sont activés.En utilisant une technique de biologie moléculaire qui permet de quantifier l’interaction entre deux chromatides sœurs restées cohésives derrière la fourche de réplication (étape appelée cohésion des chromatides sœurs), nous avons montré qu’en réponse à des cassures double brin générées par la MMC, la cohésion entre les chromatides sœurs nouvellement répliquées est maintenue. Ce phénomène est dépendant de RecN, une protéine induite de façon précoce dans le régulon SOS. RecN est une protéine de type SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes), un groupe de protéines impliqué dans la dynamique et la structure du chromosome. En parallèle, des techniques de microscopie confocale et de marquage du chromosome par des protéines fluorescentes ont permis de montrer que la protéine RecN est impliquée dans une condensation globale du nucléoide suite à un traitement par la MMC. Cette condensation du nucléoide s’accompagne d’un rapprochement des chromatides sœurs ségrégées. Ces deux phénomènes, médiés par RecN pourraient permettre une stabilisation globale des nucléoides et favoriser l’appariement des chromatides sœurs pour permettre la recombinaison homologue.De façon intéressante, l’inhibition de Topoisomérases de type II (Topoisomerase IV et Gyrase) permettent de restaurer le phénotype d’un mutant recN en viabilité et en cohésion des chromatides sœurs. Les Topoisomérases sont des protéines qui prennent en charge les liens topologiques générés par la réplication et la transcription). Les liens topologiques non éliminés par les Topoisomerases permettraient de garder les chromatides sœurs cohésives et favoriser la réparation, même en l’absence de RecN.De plus, une expérience de RNA seq (séquençage de tout le transcriptome de la bactérie) a révélé que dans un mutant recN, le régulon SOS est moins induit que dans les cellules sauvages. Ceci va de pair avec une déstructuration des foci de réparation RecA. Il est possible que le rapprochement des chromatides sœurs médié par RecN permettrait de stabiliser le filament RecA et donc l’induction du SOS.L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que RecN, une protéine de type SMC, permet de maintenir la cohésion entre les chromatides sœurs nouvellement répliquées, favorisant la réparation de cassures double brins par recombinaison homologue
Maintaining genome integrity through replication is an essential process for the cell cycle. However, many factors can compromise this replication and thus the genome integrity. Mitomycin C is a genotoxic agent that creates a covalent link between the two DNA strands. When the replication fork encounters the DNA crosslink, it breaks and creates a DNA double strand break (DSB). Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a widely used model for studying complex DNA mechanisms. When facing a DNA DSB, E. coli activates the SOS response pathway. The SOS response comprises over 50 genes that are under the control of a LexA-repressed promoter. Upon a DSB induction, RecA, a central protein of the SOS response will trigger the degradation of LexA and all the SOS genes will be expressed.We have developed a novel molecular biology tool that reveals contacts between sister chromatids that are cohesive. It has been shown in the lab (Lesterlin et al. 2012) that during a regular cell cycle, the two newly replicated sister chromatids stay in close contact for 10 to 20 min before segregating to separate cell halves thanks to the action of Topoisomerase IV. This step is called sister chromatid cohesion. We have used this molecular biology tool to study sister chromatid cohesion upon a genotoxic stress induced by mitomycin C (MMC). We have shown that sister chromatid cohesion is maintained and prolonged when the cell is facing a DSB. Moreover, this sister chromatid cohesion is dependent on RecN, an SOS induced structural maintenance of chromosome-like (SMC-like) protein. In the absence of RecN, the proximity between both sister chromatids is lost and this has a deleterious effect on cell viability. By tagging the chromosome with fluorescent proteins, we have revealed that RecN can also mediated a progressive regression of two previously segregated sister chromatids and this is coordinated with a whole nucleoid compaction. Further studies showed that this genome compaction is orderly and is not the result of a random compaction in response to DNA damage.Interestingly, inhibiting TopoIV in a recN mutant fully restores viability and sister chromatid cohesion suggesting that RecN’s action is mainly structural. Preserving cohesion through precatenanes is sufficient to favor repair and cell viability even in the absence of RecN.An RNA-seq experiment in a WT strain and a recN mutant revealed that the whole SOS response is downregulated in a recN mutant. This suggests that RecN may have an effect on the induction of the SOS response and thus RecA filament formation. This is in good agreement with the change in RecA-mcherry foci formation we observed. In the WT strain, the RecA-mcherry foci are defined as described in previous work. However, in the recN, the RecA-mcherry foci seemed to form bundle like structures. These RecA bundles were previsously described by Lesterlin et al. in the particular case of a DSB occurring on a chromatid that has already been segregated from its homolog. This could mean that in the absence of recN, the sister chromatids segregate and RecA forms bundle like structures in order to perform a search for the intact homologous sister chromatid.Altogether, these results reveal that RecN is an essential protein for sister chromatid cohesion upon a genotoxic stress. RecN favors sister chromatid cohesion by preventing their segregation. Through a whole nucleoid rearrangement, RecN mediates sister chromatid regression, favoring DNA repair and cell viability
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Taylor, L. "The recB and recC gene products of Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355080.

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Wilson, R. E. "The recB-recC region of the Escherichia coli chromosome." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375598.

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Dulermo, Rémi. "Etude des mécanismes de l'extrême tolérance aux radiations de la bactérie Deinococcus deserti par une approche de génomique fonctionnelle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22100.pdf.

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Le génome de Deinococcus deserti, une bactérie très radiotolérante, a été analysé et comparé à ceux de D. Radiodurans et D. Geothermalis. Environ 230 protéines sont spécifiquement conservées chez ces 3 espèces, dont IrrE, un régulateur essentiel pour la radiotolérance. D. Deserti possède plusieurs gènes supplémentaires liés à la réparation de l’ADN, dont imuY et dnaE2 (ADN polymérases translesionnelles). En plus, D. Deserti a 3 recA qui codent pour 2 protéines RecA différentes (RecAC et RecAP). Pour étudier ces gènes, des outils génétiques ont été mis au point. Différents résultats suggèrent qu’IrrE, nécessaire pour l’induction de plusieurs gènes après irradiation, a une activité peptidase. Les 2 RecA sont fonctionnelles pour la réparation de l’ADN. D. Deserti est mutable par UV, ce qui nécessite ImuY, DnaE2 et RecAC, mais pas RecAP
The genome of Deinococcus deserti, a highly radiation-tolerant bacterium, was analyzed and compared to those of D. Radiodurans and D. Geothermalis. About 230 proteins are specifically conserved in these 3 species, including IrrE, a regulator protein essential for radiotolerance. D. Deserti has several supplementary DNA repair genes, like imuY and dnaE2 (translesion DNA polymerases). Moreover, D. Deserti has 3 recA that code for 2 different RecA proteins (RecAC et RecAP). To study these genes, genetic tools were developed for D. Deserti. Different results suggest that IrrE, required for the induction of several genes after irradiation, has peptidase activity. The 2 RecA proteins are functional for DNA repair. D. Deserti is mutable by UV, which requires ImuY, DnaE2 and RecAC, but not RecAP
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Peters, Helene. "Expressão do Reck, um inibidor de metaloproteinases de matriz, no desenvolvimento pos-natal e na regressão prostatica pos-castração." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317570.

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Orientador: Hernandes Faustino de Carvalho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T10:11:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peters_Helene_M.pdf: 3147205 bytes, checksum: 29d84ddab25f17a17efc857545126663 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A próstata tem merecido crescente atenção devido à maior incidência de câncer prostático e outras afecções do órgão, que resultam do aumento na longevidade dos indivíduos do sexo masculino em todo o mundo. Além disto, o desenvolvimento e crescimento prostático normal apresenta regulação androgênica e está sujeito a uma série de disruptores endócrinos que afetam o seu crescimento e função, assim como predispõem ao desenvolvimento tumoral. Nosso interesse reside principalmente na remodelação prostática seguida à castração e nas interações epitélio estroma que ocorrem neste órgão. Neste trabalho, investigamos a expressão do inibidor de metaloproteinases (MMPs) RECK, em nível de RNAm, procurando correlacioná-Io com o desenvolvimento pós-natal e com a regressão prostática seguida à castração. Para isto, foram utilizadas técnicas de RT-PCR semiquantitativo, Real time RT-PCR e de hibridação in situ,pareados sempre que possível com a expressão do RNAm e com a atividade de algumas MMPs. Os resultados demonstram que o gene RECK é expresso na próstata ventral de ratos, que existe uma significativa redução na sua expressão ao longo do desenvolvimento pós-natal, que há mecanismos diferenciados controlando a expressão dos pares RECKlMMP-2 e MMP-7/MMP-14. Foi observado também um crescente aCÚInulo da forma ativa da MMP-9, conforme o animal se aproxima da idade adulta. Utilizando RT-PCR semiquantitativo, pudemos determinar que o conteúdo relativo do RNAm para o RECK após a castração não muda, embora haja uma inversão no balanço entre a expressão epitelial (células epiteliais) e estromal (células musculares lisas e fibroblastos), nesta situação. No conjunto, os resultados sugerem que o RECK é expresso por diferentes tipos celulares da próstata ventral de ratos, com mecanismos de regulação complexos provavelmente oriundos da existência de diferentes compartimentos no órgão, ao contrário do que se observa para células isoladas
Abstract: The prostate has deserved increasingly attention due to the growing incidence of prostatic cancer and other prostatic diseases, which can be related to the longevity increase of men around the world. Besides, the normal prostatic development is under androgen regulation and as so is subject to a series of endocrine disruptors which affect its growth and function and predisposes to prostate cancer. Our interest resides on the prostatic remodelling following castration and on the epithelial-stromal relationships known to occur in the organ. In this work, we have investigated the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor RECK, at the rnRNA leveI, trying to correlate its expression with the post natal prostatic development and regression after castration, using semiquantitative RT-PCR, Real time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, paralleled with the determination of some MMPs expression and activity. Tbe results demonstrate that RECK is expressed in the rat ventral prostate, that there is a significative reduction in its expression during the post natal development, which is paralleled by the expression of some MMPs and that the mechanisms controling the pairs RECKJMMP-2 and MMP-7/MMP-14 are different. It was also observed an increased proportion of the active form of MMP-9, as the animal approaches adulthood. Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, we could determine that the relative content ofRECK rnRNA remains unchanged by castration, spite detecting an inversion in the balance between the epithelial (epithelial cells) and stromal (smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts) in this situation. Taken together, the results indicate that RECK is expressed by different cell types of the rat ventral prostate, with regulatory mechanisms appearing more complex, likely resulting ftom the existence of different compartments in the organ opposing what was seen for isolated cells
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Holmberg, Pär, and Jennie Argerich. "Life Cycle Assessment : A Comparison Between a New Produced and a Remanufactured Rear Subframe." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177282.

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Recycling is an important part of the automotive industry and this thesis was made to examine the environmental impact from the production of a new produced rear subframe compared to a remanufactured subframe. A life cycle assessment has been done to investigate the inputs and outputs of the processes surrounding the new production and remanufacturing. The emissions from the processes have been categorized into four environmental categories. Based on the categories a comparison have been made to evaluate the environmental impact and conclude the differences between the two processes.
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Books on the topic "RecR"

1

Velthuijs, Max. rEch là rech =: Frog is frog. London: Milet Pub., 2000.

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Patel, Kanji. Rear Verandah. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6.

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Lewis, Jones, ed. Rear Window. London, UK: Collins, 1991.

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Stoĭnova, Zdravka. St͡s︡enicheska rech. Sofii͡a︡: T͡S︡entŭr za khudozhestvena samodeĭnost, 1990.

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Macsovszky, Peter. Súmračná reč. Banská Bystrica: Drewo a srd, 1999.

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Prejaka reč. Niš: Winner Broker, 1993.

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Derek, Jones, and Broadcasting Support Services, eds. Rear window. London: Channel 4, 1992.

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L'après-REER. Montréal: Éditions Transcontinental, 1999.

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Huszár, Tibor. Reca réte. [Bratislava]: T. Huszár, 2008.

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Reč nedelje. Podgorica: Oktoih, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "RecR"

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Nurse, Derek. "Reconstruction." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1733–37. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m2.rec1.

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Brems, Elke, and Sara Ramos Pinto. "Reception and translation." In Handbook of Translation Studies, 142–47. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hts.4.rec1.

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Patel, Kanji. "DREAM." In Rear Verandah, 1–4. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6_1.

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Patel, Kanji. "BLUNDERS: ONE UPON ANOTHER." In Rear Verandah, 31–33. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6_10.

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Patel, Kanji. "LIGHTNING WHIP." In Rear Verandah, 33–35. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6_11.

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Patel, Kanji. "HEARTBURN." In Rear Verandah, 35–37. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6_12.

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Patel, Kanji. "EATING MAIZE COBS." In Rear Verandah, 37–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6_13.

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Patel, Kanji. "WHENCE." In Rear Verandah, 40–42. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6_14.

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Patel, Kanji. "YELLOW LINE." In Rear Verandah, 42–44. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6_15.

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Patel, Kanji. "A JUGFUL." In Rear Verandah, 44–47. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14848-6_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "RecR"

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Nguyen, Lam, John Elsnab, and Tim Ameel. "Contraction/Expansion Effects in 90° Miter Bends in Rectangular Xurographic Microchannels." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58148.

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Xurography is an inexpensive rapid prototyping technology for the development of microfluidic systems. Imprecision in the xurographic tape cutting process can result in undesired changes in channel dimensions near features that require a change in cutting direction, such as 90° miter bends. An experimental study of water flow in rectangular xurographic microchannels incorporating 90° miter bends with different channel widths in each leg is reported. A set of twelve microchannels, with channel depth approximately 105 micrometers and aspect ratio ranging from 0.071 to 0.435, were fabricated from double-sided adhesive Kapton® polyimide tape and two rectangular glass plates. The channels were reinforced with a mechanical clamping system, enabling high Reynolds number, Re, flows (up to Re = 3200) where Re was based upon hydraulic diameter and average velocity. Reported data include friction factor and critical Reynolds number for straight microchannels and loss coefficients for flow through 90° miter bends that contain either a contraction or expansion with cross-sectional area ratios of 0.5, 0.333 and 0.2. The critical Reynolds number, Recr, ranged from 1750 to 2300 and was found to be dependent on channel defects such as sidewall roughness, adhesive droplets, and corner imperfections. Loss coefficients through 90° miter bends with expansion decrease rapidly for Re < Recr. At the transition, the loss coefficient suddenly drops and approaches an asymptotic value for Re > Recr. For 90° miter bends with contractions, loss coefficients gradually decrease with increasing Re for 150 < Re < 1400. In addition, the loss coefficient decreases with decreasing area ratio through the contraction or expansion. The minor loss coefficient data were found to be dependent on Reynolds numbers and area ratio of contraction/expansion at the bend. The results suggest that the effect of the contraction/expansion was the dominant mechanism for minor losses in the 90° miter bend.
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Cauchon, Luc, Alexandre Bouffard, David Dolan, Mathieu Peloquin, and Claude Michaud. "Real-time IEC 61970 based system for bulk power system restoration at Hydro-Québec: RECRÉ-TR." In 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsn.2011.6014858.

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Robertson, Eric D., Varun Chitta, D. Keith Walters, and Shanti Bhushan. "On the Vortex Breakdown Phenomenon in High Angle of Attack Flows Over Delta Wing Geometries." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39354.

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Using computational methods, an investigation was performed on the physical mechanisms leading to vortex breakdown in high angle of attack flows over delta wing geometries. For this purpose, the Second International Vortex Flow Experiment (VFE-2) 65° sweep delta wing model was studied at a root chord Reynolds number (Recr) of 6 × 106 at various angles of attack. The open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver OpenFOAM was used in parallel with the commercial CFD solver ANSYS® FLUENT. For breadth, a variety of classic closure models were applied, including unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and detached eddy simulation (DES). Results for all cases are analyzed and flow features are identified and discussed. The results show the inception of a pair of leading edge vortices originating at the apex for all models used, and a region of steady vortical structures downstream in the URANS results. However, DES results show regions of massively separated helical flow which manifests after vortex breakdown. Analysis of turbulence quantities in the breakdown region gives further insight into the mechanisms leading to such phenomena.
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Guzma´n, Amador M., Tania A. Aracena, Felipe A. Urzua, and Rodrigo A. Escobar. "Flow Bifurcations and Transition Scenarios in Confined Flows: Channel Geometry and Operational Parameter Dependency." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14292.

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We have performed numerical simulations of confined flows in both symmetric and asymmetric wavy channels to investigate the flow bifurcations and transition scenarios dependency on geometrical and operational parameters. Laminar and time-dependent transitional flow regimes are obtained by direct numerical simulations of the mass and momentum equations using a computational program based on the spectral element method. Computational meshes for periodic computational domains are used to determine the transitional flow behavior for increasing Reynolds numbers and changing geometrical parameters. For the asymmetric wavy channel, the transition scenarios are highly dependent on the aspect ratio of the channel geometrical parameters. Depending on a specific geometric aspect ratio—one of the control parameters, the following scenarios develop: a) a first transition scenario with one flow bifurcation to a relatively low Reynolds numbers, Rec; b) a second scenario, with also one flow bifurcation, to a relatively high Reynolds numbers, Rec*; and, c) a third flow transition scenario with two Hopf bifurcations B1 and B2, occurring in critical Reynolds numbers Rec1 y Rec2, respectively, similar to the Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse scenario. In this third scenario, fundamental frequencies ω1 and ω2, and super harmonic combinations of both develop as the Reynolds number increases from laminar to transitional flow regimes. For the symmetric wavy channel and a high aspect ratio of r=0.375, a transition scenario with one flow bifurcation develops to a critical Reynolds numbers Rec** leading to a periodic flow. Further increases in the Reynolds number leads to successive periodic flows where the fundamental frequency ω1, increases continuously, in a scenario of frequency-doubling.
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Guzman, Amador M., Fernando A. Donoso, and Alfonso Ortega. "Transition Scenarios Due to Flow Bifurcations in Asymmetric Wavy Channel Flows With Different Spatial Periodicity on the Sinusoidal Walls." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66216.

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Numerical investigations of transition scenarios due to flow bifurcations from laminar to time-dependent transitional flows in asymmetric wavy channels with different spatial periodicity on the sinusoidal wall are performed by direct numerical simulations of the mass and momentum conservation equations using a spectral element method computational program. Three aspect ratios r = a/(2L) are considered in this study: 0.125, 0.25, y 0.375. Computational meshes for both extended and periodic computational domains are used to determine first, the existence of spatial periodicity and second, the transitional flow behavior for increasing Reynolds numbers. Numerical results shows that the transition scenarios are highly dependent on the aspect ratio, r. The following scenarios develop: a) a first transition scenario with one flow bifurcation to a relatively low Reynolds numbers, Rec; b) a second scenario, with also one flow bifurcation, to a relatively high Reynolds numbers, Rec*; and, c) a third flow transition scenario with two Hopf bifurcations B1 and B2, occurring at critical Reynolds numbers Rec1 y Rec2, respectively. In this third scenario, fundamental frequencies ω1 and ω2, and sub and super harmonic combinations of the fundamental frequencies develop as the Reynolds number increases from a laminar to higher transitional flow regime. This transition scenario from a laminar flow to high transitional flow regimes is very similar to the Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse (RTN) found in another confined flow channels such as symmetric wavy, grooved and communicating channels.
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Jonsson, Natasha, Ida Martinsson, and Rebecca Wikström. "Representera flera!" In SLM ONLINE: Projektarbeten från kandidatprogrammet Språk, litteratur och medier. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc28/repr.

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Om oss Vi som står bakom projektet Representera flera heter Rebecca, Natasha och Ida. Vi studerar kandidatprogrammet Språk, litteratur och medier vid Linköpings unversitet och det här är vårt slutprojekt i kursen att publicera i den medierade offentligheten. Vårt mål med bloggen är att belysa underrepresentation av kvinnor i populära genrer av film och spel. Vi vänder oss främst till ungdomar i högstadiet, men våra texter ska även fungera som undervisningsmaterial till lärare och andra med pedagogiska yrken.
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"Rear cover." In 2015 17th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icact.2015.7224934.

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"Rear cover." In 2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icact.2016.7423623.

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Datta, Anwitaman, Jackson Tan Teck Yong, and Anthony Ventresque. "T-RecS." In the 20th international conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1963192.1963289.

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Achara, Jagdish Prasad, Maaz Mohiuddin, Wajeb Saab, Roman Rudnik, Jean-Yves Le Boudec, and Lorenzo Reyes-Chamorro. "T-RECS." In e-Energy '18: The Ninth International Conference on Future Energy Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3208903.3208928.

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Reports on the topic "RecR"

1

Chapman and Keshavarz-Valian. L51988 Development of Turbocharger-Reciprocating Engine Simulation (T-RECS). Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010947.

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The objective of this project was to develop a numerical simulation system that can be used to optimize the performance of a large-bore reciprocating engine. The simulation system will include sub-models of all major components between the inlet filter and the exhaust pipe of the engine. The deliverable product of this project is the software program, Turbocharger-Reciprocating Engine Computer Simulation (T-RECS), which was developed at the National Gas Machinery Laboratory at Kansas State University. The simulation program calls upon a database of system components to allow the user specify a specific system. The database in this edition of T-RECS contains nominal components, but will be expanded under the Populate T-RECS project that has been funded by the Gas Research Institute. This report contains 1) a discussion of the methodology utilized to develop T-RECS; 2) a user�s guide; and 3) an example problem.
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Ambaw, Dessie, Madhavi Pundit, Arief Ramayandi, and Nicholas Sim. Real Exchange Rate Misalignment and Business Cycle Fluctuations in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220066-2.

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This paper investigates the impact of real exchange rate (RER) misalignment on business cycles among 22 economies in Asia and the Pacific from 1990 to 2018. It employs a panel vector autoregression involving consumer price index (CPI) inflation, output gap, short-term interest rate, and RER misalignment. The authors find that RER overvaluation may lead to a reduction in CPI inflation and short-term interest rate. The study also illustrates Asia and the Pacific’s heterogeneity as evidenced by the output gaps of some economies, particularly in Southeast Asia, which are shown to be more susceptible to RER misalignment shocks.
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3

Luckie, M. Really Explicit Congestion Notification (RECN). RFC Editor, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7514.

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4

Neason, Clarence. Rear Battle Defense and Artillery Fires. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada340205.

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5

Hadorn, JC, M. Lämmle, K. Kramer, G. Munz, G. Ryan, M. Herrando, and L. Brottier. Design guidelines for PVT collectors. IEA SHC Task 60, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task60-2020-0003.

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Report B2: Here is a one page fact sheet providing many design guidelines for PVT collectors, for covers, encapsulant, rear covers, absorbers, heat transfer medium, insulation, casing, air vents, fluid outlets, sealing, and junction boxes.
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6

Prickett, Terri. The REMR Bulletin. Volume 14, Number 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330488.

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Nunnally, Nelson R. Bibliography of Environmental Research Related to REMR. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada640667.

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Matsuoka, Takanori, Yoshinori Hirano, and Tetsuya Kawakami. Control Method of Rear Axle Gear Noise. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0574.

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9

Snell, Wilmer D. Rear Battle Doctrine: a Time for Change. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada217538.

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Meredith Wingate. REC Tracking Systems Design Guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822444.

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