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1
Carrão-Panizzi, Mercedes C., Silvana Pedroso de Goés Favoni, and Akio Kikuchi. "Extraction time for soybean isoflavone determination." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, no. 4 (December 2002): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000600015.
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Studies were carried out on the optimization of the extraction procedures for isoflavones determination in soybean by HPLC. Isoflavones were extracted from 100 mg samples of full fat soybean flour "Kinako" (milled toasted grains). Recovery of average total isoflavones was higher when extraction was performed with agitation(217.2 mg/100g), than without agitation(191.0 mg/100g). Isoflavone extraction without agitation for 1,4, 20 and 24 hours, were equally efficient for total and individual compounds. These results suggested that an efficient isoflavone recovery could be achieved with extraction for one hour with agitation.
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Argumedo-Delira, Rosalba, Mario J. Gómez-Martínez, and Brenda Joan Soto. "Gold Bioleaching from Printed Circuit Boards of Mobile Phones by Aspergillus niger in a Culture without Agitation and with Glucose as a Carbon Source." Metals 9, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050521.
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Hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes to recover gold (Au) from cell-phone printed circuit boards (PCBs) have the disadvantage of generating corrosive residues and consuming a large amount of energy. Therefore, it is necessary to look for biological processes that have low energy consumption and are friendly to the environment. Among the biological alternatives for the recovery of Au from PCB is the use of cyanogenic bacteria and filamentous fungi in cultures with agitation. Considering that it is important to explore the response of microorganisms in cultures without agitation to reduce energy expenditure in the recovery of metals from PCB, the present investigation evaluated the capacity of Aspergillus niger MXPE6 and a fungal consortium to induce Au bioleaching from PCB in a culture medium with glucose as a carbon source and without agitation (pH 4.5). The results indicate that the treatments with PCB inoculated with the fungal consortium showed a considerable decrease in pH (2.8) in comparison with the treatments inoculated with A. niger MXPE6 (4.0). The fungal consortium showed a significantly higher Au bioleaching (56%) than A. niger MXPE6 (17%). Finally, the use of fungal consortia grown without agitation could be an alternative to recover metals from PCB, saving energy and material resources.
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Kloepper, Joseph W., Walter F. Mahaffee, John A. McInroy, and Paul A. Backman. "Comparative analysis of five methods for recovering rhizobacteria from cotton roots." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-164.
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A variety of methods have been used for recovering introduced bacteria from plant roots. The objective of this study was to compare systematically five methods: agitation in buffer, agitation with glass beads in buffer, mixing in a StomacherR lab-blender, sonication, and trituration with mortar and pestle. Cotton seeds were treated with two previously reported rhizobacterial strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf-5 and Bacillus subtilis strain GB03. The efficiency of recovery by each method was determined 3 weeks later by comparing average bacterial populations from whole root systems, single 2.0-cm root segments, and two root regions (the uppermost 5 cm of taproot and the lowermost 5 cm). Treatment with the StomacherR blender yielded significantly higher (P = 0.05) mean populations of GB03 compared with all other methods and significantly higher mean populations of Pf-5 compared with agitation with glass beads. From the lowermost 5 cm of taproot, populations of Pf-5 recovered by the StomacherR treatment were significantly higher than all other methods. The inclusion of glass beads for agitation treatments resulted in neither consistently higher absolute numbers of recovered bacteria nor reductions in variability. The mean standard error of each recovery method varied among root sources, and no single method consistently had the highest or lowest mean standard error. Mean standard errors for strain GB03 were generally lower than those for Pf-5 with each root source and each method of recovery. When viewed in composite, the data suggest that the StomacherR treatment was the best for recovering the greatest absolute numbers of rhizobacteria; however, this treatment had high mean standard errors. Investigations of root colonization by introduced rhizobacteria should include several recovery methods to optimize recovered numbers or to decrease variability, depending on the experimental objectives. Key words: root colonization, rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, cotton.
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Hornn, Vothy, Mayumi Ito, Hiromasa Shimada, Carlito Baltazar Tabelin, Sanghee Jeon, Ilhwan Park, and Naoki Hiroyoshi. "Agglomeration-Flotation of Finely Ground Chalcopyrite and Quartz: Effects of Agitation Strength during Agglomeration Using Emulsified Oil on Chalcopyrite." Minerals 10, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10040380.
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In flotation, the size of mineral particles is one of the most important parameters: when the size becomes fine, collision efficiency of the particles and air bubbles becomes low, causing low flotation recovery. To improve the collision efficiency and flotation kinetics, agglomeration using the emulsified oil of finely ground chalcopyrite (D50 = 3.5 μm) was carried out before flotation. In this study, the effects of agitation strength during agglomeration, kerosene dosage and potassium amyl xanthate (KAX) dosage on the flotation were investigated. Agglomeration using emulsified oil improved Cu recovery because the median diameter of agglomerate increased. With increasing agitation strength, KAX and kerosene dosages, Cu recovery was further increased. Agglomeration-flotation of a mixture containing chalcopyrite and quartz with 1:1 ratio (w/w, weight by weight) showed that Si recovery in froth was low and did not change with varying conditions (agitation strength, KAX and kerosene dosages); however, Cu recovery was significantly improved with increasing agitation strength, KAX and kerosene dosages, and thus the separation efficiency was improved.
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Sabzghabaee, Ali Mohammad, Ahmad Yaraghi, Elham Khalilidehkordi, Seyyed Mohammad Mahdy Mirhosseini, Elham Beheshtian, and Nastaran Eizadi-Mood. "The Outcome of Agitation in Poisoned Patients in an Iranian Tertiary Care University Hospital." Neurology Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/275064.
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Introduction. This study was conducted to evaluate and document the frequency and causes of agitation, the symptoms accompanying this condition in intoxications, relationship between agitation score on admission and different variables, and the outcome of therapy in a tertiary care referral poisoning center in Iran.Methods. In this prospective observational study which was done in 2012, 3010 patients were screened for agitation at the time of admission using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale. Demographic data including age, gender, and the drug ingested were also recorded. The patients’ outcome was categorized as recovery without complications, recovery with complications (hyperthermia, renal failure, and other causes), and death.Results. Agitation was observed in 56 patients (males,n=41), mostly aged 19–40 years (n=38) and more frequently in illegal substance (stimulants, opioids and also alcohol) abusers. Agitation score was not significantly related to the age, gender, and previous history of psychiatric disorders. Forty nine patients had recovery without any complication. The need for mechanical ventilation was the most frequent complication. None of the patients died.Conclusion. Drug abuse seems to be a must-to-consider etiology for patients presenting with acute agitation and its morbidity and mortality could be low in agitated poisoning cases if prompt supportive care is performed.
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Golik, Vladimir, Vladimir Morkun, Natalia Morkun, and Vitaliy Tron. "Investigation of Mechanochemical Leaching of Non-Ferrous Metals." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2019-0016.
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Abstract The research deals with metal extraction from off-grade ores and concentration tailings. There are provided results of simulating parameters of reagent leaching of metals in the disintegrator according to the metal recovery ratio. The research substantiates the method of waste-free processing of chemically recovered ores. Recovery of metals into solution is the same both under multiple leaching of tailings or ore in the disintegrator and agitation leaching of tailings or ore previously activated in the disintegrator with leaching solutions. The time of agitation leaching is more by two orders of magnitude than that of the disintegrator processing. Recovery of metals into solution is most affected by the content of sodium chloride in the solution. Then, in decreasing order, go the content of sulfuric acid in the solution, the disintegrator rotor rpm and L:S ratio.
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Doherty, Margaret H. "Benzodiazepine Sedation in Critically Ill Patients." AACN Advanced Critical Care 2, no. 4 (November 1, 1991): 748–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-1991-4015.
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Agitation is a common phenomenon in critically ill patients. This multidimensional challenge can prolong illness, interfere with treatment, and harm the patient. The nurse must assess the cause of the agitation and provide effective, timely intervention. Agitation is defined as motor restlessness secondary to possible physiologic, psychologic, environmental, and pharmacologic causes. The nurse has many effective assessment tools to systematically determine the cause of the agitation, including an agitation algorithm and sedation scale. With astute assessment and intervention, agitation can be prevented and treated to enhance recovery from critical illness. Benzodiazepines are an effective treatment intervention for agitation. With thorough knowledge of the actions and potential effects of these drugs, the nurse can provide the best pharmacologic intervention to treat agitation in the critically ill patient
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Wang, Kai, Yi Qi Cui, Xiong Tong, Peng Dong, and Qi Meng. "Study on the Optimal Condition of a Copper-Bearing Gold Ore Cyanide Leaching Using Orthogonal Design." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1006.
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The copper-bearing ore assays 1.7g/t Au, 50.43% Fe and 0.41% Cu. Recovered gold by cyanide leaching, in this study, the orthogonal test design was used to examine effects of NaCN dosage, leaching time, agitation intensity, particle size on gold leaching rate and determine the optimal operation combination for the purpose of increasing gold recovery. Gold extractions of 92.34% were achieved using a particle size of 90%-200 mesh, NaCN dosage of 1.8kg/t, leaching time of 36h and agitation rate of 400r/min.
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Charles S, Antony John, Raghuraman M S, Raji Sharma, and David George Veliath. "COMPARISON OF ORAL CLONIDINE WITH ORAL MIDAZOLAM IN MANAGING AGITATION FOLLOWING SEVOFLURANE ANESTHESIA – A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE BLINDED STUDY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14423.
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ABSTRACT:Objective: Emergence agitation is a major problem during recovery from anesthetic agents like sevoflurane, particularly in children. This study had compared the effects of oral clonidine with oral midazolam in reducing the incidence of emergence agitation following sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods: 50 children of ASA status I and II aged between 3-8 years were randomly allotted to one of the two groups, each group comprising 25 children. Group I children were given oral Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg and Group II children were given oral Clonidine 4 mcg/kg 30 min before the induction of anesthesia. Emergence reaction was analyzed using modified objective pain scale in all children following sevoflurane administration.Results: The total agitation score was significantly less in clonidine group in comparison to midazolam group during the first hour of post operative period (P<0.05).No remarkable change in the hemodynamics or oxygen saturation was observed in both groups.Conclusion: Premedication of oral clonidine 4 microgram per kg is superior to oral midazolam 0.5 mg per kg in reducing the incidence of emergence agitation following sevoflurane anesthesia.Keywords: sevoflurane, recovery, emergence agitation, clonidine, midazolam.
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Rochelle, Paul A., Ricardo De Leon, Anne Johnson, Mic H. Stewart, and Roy L. Wolfe. "Evaluation of Immunomagnetic Separation for Recovery of Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts from Environmental Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.2.841-845.1999.
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ABSTRACT Two commercial immunomagnetic separation (IMS) kits forCryptosporidium were compared for recovery of oocysts from environmental samples. Oocyst recovery efficiencies with the Dynal and Crypto-Scan kits ranged from 62 to 100% and 34 to 74%, respectively, for seeded environmental water concentrates (turbidity of 210 to 11,480 nephelometric turbidity units). Recovery efficiencies were dependent on the mechanism of agitation during the magnetic capture procedure. An assay combining in vitro cell culture and reverse transcriptase PCR demonstrated that oocysts recovered by IMS retained their infectivity.
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Rodríguez-Fernández, Daniel Ernesto, José Angel Rodríguez-León, Júlio Cesar de Carvalho, Vanete Thomaz-Soccol, José Luis Parada, and Carlos Ricardo Soccol. "Recovery of phytase produced by solid-state fermentation on citrus peel." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, no. 6 (December 2010): 1487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000600026.
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The extraction of phytase produced by solid-state fermentation of citrus peel was studied employing a multistage leaching process. It was observed that the extracts containing EDTA retained over 90% of phytase activity at room temperature after 24 h after the leaching. A fractional design 2² (with 4 replicates at the central point) was carried out for testing the pH and agitation as process independent factors. Only the interaction between the pH and agitation showed a significant influence. These factors were optimized with a central composite design. Agitation at 300 rpm and pH at 5.0 were the best conditions to extract the enzyme from solid matrix. The modeling of the process indicated that diffusivity of the enzyme in the solvent was the controlling mechanism. The corresponding kinetic constant and saturation concentration in this process were 0.89 min-1 and 4.0 IU/mL, respectively. The multistage process indicated that after two steps, it was possible to recover 85% of total enzyme produced.
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Azizi, Asghar, Mojtaba Masdarian, Ahmad Hassanzadeh, Zahra Bahri, Tomasz Niedoba, and Agnieszka Surowiak. "Parametric Optimization in Rougher Flotation Performance of a Sulfidized Mixed Copper Ore." Minerals 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080660.
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The dominant challenge of current copper beneficiation plants is the low recoverability of oxide copper-bearing minerals associated with sulfide type ones. Furthermore, applying commonly used conventional methodologies does not allow the interactional effects of critical parameters in the flotation processes to be investigated, which is mostly overlooked in the literature. To tackle this issue, the present paper aimed at characterizing the behavior of five key effective factors and their interactions in a sulfidized copper ore. In this context, dosage of collector (sodium di-ethydithiophosphate, 60–100 g/t), depressant (sodium silicate, 80–120 g/t) and frother (methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), 6–10 g/t), pulp pH (7–11) and agitation rate (900–1300 rpm) were examined and statistically analyzed using response surface methodology. Flotation experiments were conducted in a Denver type agitated flotation cell at the rougher stage. The experimental results showed that increasing the pH (from 8 to 10) at low agitation rate (1000 rpm) enhanced the recovery from 80.36% to 85.22%, while at high agitation rate (1200 rpm), a slight declination occurred in the recovery. Meanwhile, increasing the collector dosage at a lower frother value (7 g/t), caused a reduction of about 4.44% in copper recovery owing to the interactions between factors, whereas at a higher frother level (9 g/t), the recovery was almost unchanged. The optimization process was also performed using the goal function approach, and maximum copper recovery of 92.75% was obtained using ~70 g/t collector, 110 g/t depressant, 7 g/t frother, pulp pH of 10 and 1000 rpm agitation rate.
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Lee, Philip, and Heather Murray. "Midazolam or haloperidol premedication reduced ketamine-induced recovery agitation and increased ED recovery time." Annals of Internal Medicine 170, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): JC57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/acpj201905210-057.
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UKUKU, DIKE O., and WILLIAM F. FETT. "Method of Applying Sanitizers and Sample Preparation Affects Recovery of Native Microflora and Salmonella on Whole Cantaloupe Surfaces†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.999.
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Standardized methods for applying sanitizer treatments to cantaloupes and for recovering surviving native microflora or Salmonella on inoculated cantaloupe after sanitizing are lacking. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to compare four methods for applying sanitizers (dipping, dipping with rotation, dipping with agitation, and dipping with rubbing) using 200 ppm of chlorine or 5% H2O2, two recovery methods (homogenization of rind plugs in a stomacher or blender), and five selective recovery media for Salmonella. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in a cocktail of five strains of Salmonella (each at approximately 2 × 108 CFU/ml) for 10 min and allowed to dry for 1 h inside a biosafety cabinet and stored at 20° C for approximately 23 h before sanitizing. The recovery of Salmonella from whole cantaloupe without sanitizing averaged 5.09 log CFU/cm2 by blending and 4.30 log CFU/cm2 by homogenization in a stomacher for the five selective agar media. Microbial populations ( Salmonella or the indigenous aerobic mesophilic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and yeast and mold) were not significantly (P > 0.05) reduced by treating with water regardless of the treatment method used. Sanitizing with chlorine or H2O2 by dipping, with or without rotation for 2 min, also did not reduce microbial populations. However, populations of all classes of native microflora and Salmonella were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by sanitizer treatments (2 min) applied with agitation or by rubbing. In general, sanitizer treatments applied by rubbing resulted in greater log reductions (by up to 1.7 log unit) than for treatments applied with agitation. Populations of native microflora and Salmonella recovered from cantaloupe were higher (by up to 1.8 log unit) by blending compared to homogenization in a stomacher. In most instances, selective media used did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) for recovery of Salmonella after washing treatments.
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Cros, A. M., D. Boisson-Bertrand, S. Colombani, and B. Potonnier. "A472 DOES COPA PREVENT AGITATION AND RESPIRATORY INCIDENTS DURING RECOVERY?" Anesthesiology 87, Supplement (September 1997): 472A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199709001-00472.
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Ameel M. Rahman, Khalid W. Hameed, Mohanned H. Salman, and Maha H. Al-Hassani. "Kinetic of Atropine Pertraction from the Seeds of Datura Metel Linn Plant Using Liquidliquid Membrane Technique." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2013.06101.
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The kinetic of atropine pertraction from seeds of Datura Metel Linn plant was studied. Diisopropyl ether, n-hexane and n-heptane were used as membranes for atropine recovery. The effect of speed of agitation and time in the range of 200-300 rpm and 0-3.5h, respectively were studied using the proposed membranes. The pertraction experiments were carried outs in a batch laboratory unit. The liquid-liquid pertraction was found to be very suitable for atropine recovery from its liquid extracts of Datura Metel seeds. A high purity (94-96%) can be obtained in the receiver phase. The pertraction process was found to be very selective for atropine recovery with diisopropyl ether membrane. As the speed of agitation increases the efficiency of pertraction increases within the studied range.
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Laks, Jerson, Roberto Miotto, Valeska Marinho, and Eliasz Engelhardt. "Use of aripiprazole for psychosis and agitation in dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 18, no. 2 (October 28, 2005): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205002541.
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We report the case of an elderly woman with Alzheimer's disease, risk factors for vascular dementia, and atrium-ventricular blockade, who presented with severe agitation and psychosis. She was treated with aripiprazole and assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) over the course of 14 weeks. NPI scores showed a marked decrease in psychosis and agitation at week 4, and complete recovery at week 14, except for depression.
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Soto-Herranz, María, Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones, María Cruz García-González, and Pablo Martín-Ramos. "Comparison of the Ammonia Trapping Performance of Different Gas-Permeable Tubular Membrane System Configurations." Membranes 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111104.
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The technology of gas-permeable tubular membranes (GPMs) is promising in reducing ammonia emissions from livestock manure, capturing NH3 in an acidic solution, and obtaining final products suitable for valorization as fertilizers, in line with the principles of the circular economy. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of several e-PTFE membrane systems with different configurations for the recovery of NH3 released from pig slurry. Ten different configurations were tested: only a submerged membrane, only a suspended membrane in the same chamber, only a suspended membrane in an annex chamber, a submerged membrane + a suspended membrane in the same chamber, and a submerged membrane + a suspended membrane in an annex chamber, considering in each case the scenarios without and with agitation and aeration of the slurry. In all tests, sulfuric acid (1N H2SO4) was used as the NH3 capture solution, which circulated at a flow rate of 2.1 L·h−1. The results showed that NH3-N removal rates ranged from 36–39% (for systems with a single submerged or suspended membrane without agitation or aeration of the slurry) to 70–72% for submerged + suspended GPM systems with agitation and aeration. In turn, NH3-N recovery rates were found to be between 44–54% (for systems with a single membrane suspended in an annex compartment) and 88–91% (for systems based on a single submerged membrane). However, when choosing a system for farm deployment, it is essential to consider not only the capture and recovery performance of the system, but also the investment and operating costs (ranging from 9.8 to 21.2 €/kg N recovered depending on the selected configuration). The overall assessment suggests that the simplest systems, based on a single membrane, may be the most recommendable.
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Sharma, Achyut, and Resham Bahadur Rana. "Effects of ketamine and ketamine with midazolam on emergence agitation in children following sevoflurane anesthesia." Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsan.v4i2.21205.
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Background : Emergence agitation is a distressful phenomenon associated with inhalational agents such as Sevoflurane in short surgical procedures. Various drugs have been used in the past but some come at the cost of increased complications. We aim to study the effects of ketamine alone and ketamine with midazolam on emergence agitation and their effects on recovery and discharge times.Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial among 94 patients aged two to ten years presenting for ophthalmic surgeries in which 45 patients were allocated to each group: group K (Ketamine) and group KM (Ketamine with Midazolam). Group K received Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg IV and Group KM received Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg IV and Midazolam 0.03 mg/kg IV. Intraoperatively heart rate and post-operatively emergence agitation, recovery times, discharge times were studied.Results: Demographic variables were comparable between the two groups. Median Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score of 6 with IQR (4-6) in group K was comparable to the median score of 5 with IQR (4-6) in group KM. The mean recovery time of 22}4.82 min in group K was significantly lower compared to the mean time of 25.75}3.32 min in group KM. Mean time to discharge of 67}11 min from the hospital in group K was significantly shorter compared to that in group KM (108}18 mins).Conclusion: We concluded from our study that ketamine alone is as effective as ketamine with midazolam in reducing the emergence agitation following Sevoflurane anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of NepalVol. 4, No. 2, 2017, page: 57-65
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Lee, Ho Seok, Ho Young Yoon, Ho Jun Jin, and Se Hwan Hwang. "Can Dexmedetomidine Influence Recovery Profiles from General Anesthesia in Nasal Surgery?" Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 158, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599817733735.
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Objectives Dexmedetomidine has sympatholytic, sedative, anesthetic, and analgesic effects, as well as vasoconstrictive effects, which may help prevent hypotension under general anesthesia. This meta-analysis aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature and investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on perioperative morbidity following nasal surgery and its adverse effects. Data Sources MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane database. Review Methods Two authors independently searched the databases from their inception to March 2017. Studies were selected that compared perioperative dexmedetomidine administration (dexmedetomidine groups) with a placebo or remifentanil (control groups) with regard to intraoperative morbidity, including surgical time, bleeding amount, hypotension, and bradycardia during operation, and postoperative morbidity, such as emergence agitation, nausea and vomiting, and sedation after operation. Results Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, dose of inhaled anesthetic gas, dose of fentanyl, postoperative pain, and incidence of emergence agitation were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group versus the placebo group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in intraoperative hemodynamic stability and postoperative residual sedation and nausea and vomiting between groups. Additionally, compared with remifentanil (a currently widely used agent), dexmedetomidine was superior in view of postoperative pain and intraoperative blood pressure control. Conclusion This meta-analysis shows that the systemic administration of dexmedetomidine can decrease surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and doses of intraoperative inhaled anesthetic gas and fentanyl as compared with placebo. It can also decrease postoperative pain and incidence of the emergence agitation. Due to the small number of studies, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Abhilash, Pratima Meshram, Shivendra Sinha, Banshi Dhar Pandey, Vasudevan Krishna Kumari, and Subrat Kar. "Chloride leaching of lanthanum and cerium from Indian red mud and metal separation studies." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 2 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018090.
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Bench-scale experiments were conducted to recover lanthanum and cerium from Indian red mud in a hydrochloric acid medium. The method includes acid leaching of red mud pulp and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction of the leached metals with different organic extractants, in order to establish the technical feasibility of extraction and separation simultaneously. The maximum extraction of 88.5% La was achieved at 95 °C, using 1 M HCl, S/L ratio = 1/100 in 1 h with 200 rpm agitation rate. At this temperature, cerium recovery (99.9%) was found to be maximum. The maximum recovery of cerium (99.9%) can be achieved even at 55 °C, while the recovery of lanthanum lowered to 78.5% under same conditions. Liquid-liquid extraction of leached metals was tested to be complete and selective using Cyanex 923, as against Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 272.
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Peng, Panpan, Chaofeng Zhao, Jie Ji, Weixing Chen, Ning Ding, Shenghua Li, and Siping Pang. "Simple and selective method for simultaneous removal of mercury(ii) and recovery of silver(i) from aqueous media by organic ligand 4,4′-azo-1,2,4-triazole." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 8, no. 3 (2022): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00651g.
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Based on coordination chemistry, the removal of Hg2+ and the recovery of Ag+ are achieved simultaneously by selecting the 4,4′-azo-1,2,4-triazole (Atrz) as an organic ligand only through simple mixing, agitation and filtration.
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Zu, Baoli, Yong Yang, and Shengchi Shi. "Effects of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block Anesthesia on Agitation and Hemodynamics in Patients Undergoing Thoracotomy during Recovery." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (June 29, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7804584.
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Objective. To investigate the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with thoracic paravertebral nerve block anesthesia on agitation and hemodynamics in patients undergoing thoracotomy during recovery. Methods. One hundred patients who underwent thoracotomy in our hospital from August 2018 to April 2021 were enrolled and assigned (1 : 1 : 1 : 1) into 4 groups via the random number table method. The patients in the control group were treated with double-lumen tube general anesthesia + ropivacaine for thoracic paravertebral nerve block anesthesia; patients in experimental group A received double-lumen general anesthesia +0.5 μg·kg−1 dexmedetomidine + ropivacaine for thoracic paravertebral nerve block anesthesia; patients in experimental group B received thoracic paravertebral nerve block anesthesia with double-lumen general anesthesia +1.0 μg·kg−1 dexmedetomidine + ropivacaine; patients in experimental group C received thoracic paravertebral nerve block anesthesia with double-lumen general anesthesia +1.5 μg·kg−1 dexmedetomidine + ropivacaine. The postoperative recovery time and visual analog scale (VAS), level of hemodynamics (heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP)), agitation during the recovery period, and complications were compared amongst the 4 groups of patients at different time points. Results. The postoperative VAS scores of patients in groups B2 and B3 were slightly lower than those of patients in groups A and B1, but a one-way analysis of variance revealed no statistical difference in the postoperative recovery time and VAS pain scores of the four groups ( P > 0.05 ), and the recovery time of patients in experimental group C was slightly higher than that of patients in group B2. At T0 and T1, there was no significant difference in the levels of HR and MAP among the four groups ( P > 0.05 ). The levels of HR and MAP of the patients in groups B2 and B3 were significantly different from the patients in the control group and experimental group A at T2 and T3 ( P < 0.05 ). The patients in experimental group B and experimental group C showed better outcomes than those in the control group and experimental group A in the assessment of agitation during the recovery period ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications among the four groups ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. In line with the principle of preference for a small anesthesia dose, 1.0 μg·kg−1 dose of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine produces a pronounced efficacy in patients undergoing thoracotomy. It effectively controls the occurrence of agitation during the recovery period and maintains the stability of the patient’s hemodynamics, with a high clinical safety profile.
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Kim, Young Sung, Jae Ryung Cha, Yoon Sook Lee, Woon Young Kim, Jae Hwan Kim, and Yun Hee Kim. "Sugammadex affects emergence agitation in children undergoing strabismus surgery." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 9 (July 1, 2018): 3861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518781480.
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Objective Emergence agitation (EA) has a multifactorial origin, and the effect of sugammadex on EA has not been established. We investigated the effect of sugammadex on EA incidence and severity. Methods We performed a retrospective study of children aged 1 to 13 years who underwent strabismus surgery. Patients received sugammadex or conventional neuromuscular reversal agents. The primary outcome variables were EA incidence and severity. Secondary outcome variables were postoperative fentanyl use, postoperative nausea and vomiting, time from reversal agent administration to extubation, time from the end of surgery to arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and time spent in the PACU. We used propensity score matching to eliminate baseline imbalances. Results Age, sex, use of desflurane, and intraoperative fentanyl were significant predictors of agitation severity using a multivariable analysis. Sugammadex did not significantly affect EA in logistic regression and multiple regression analyses. In the propensity-matched analysis, patients in the sugammadex group showed rapid recovery, but there was no difference in the EA incidence or severity. Conclusion Sugammadex did not affect EA incidence or severity compared with conventional cholinesterase inhibitors, although it showed a favorable recovery profile in children undergoing strabismus surgery.
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Hassanian-Moghaddam, H., S. Afzali, and A. Pooya. "Withdrawal syndrome caused by naltrexone in opioid abusers." Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, no. 6 (May 20, 2013): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327112450901.
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Study objective: Naltrexone is a competitive opioid receptor antagonist acting at the µ- and k-opioid receptors that blocks the euphoric effects of exogenous administered opioids. When used in opioid-dependent patients, naltrexone can cause acute and severe withdrawal symptoms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2007 to March 2008 and consisted of patients who had used naltrexone accidentally or deliberately and were referred to Loghman-Hakim Poison Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All symptoms and signs were assessed and the relationship between the dose of naltrexone, opioid dependence, and outcome was evaluated. Results: In 132 patients referred to our hospital, the most frequently reported symptoms and signs occurring in more than 10% of patients were agitation (96.2%), altered level of consciousness (38.6%), nausea (28%), vomiting (27.3%), abdominal pain (24.2%), diarrhea (16.7%), bone and muscle pain (15.9%), tachycardia (12.9%), and dilated pupils (11.4%). Being the most prominent symptom, the agitation was the most difficult aspect of withdrawal to manage. Except for agitation, no relationship was found between the presence of these symptoms and the dose of naltrexone used. Outcome of the patients (classified as complete recovery, partial recovery, death, and no follow-up) was related to the substance of addiction ( p < 0.05) but not to the naltrexone dose. Conclusion: Emergency physicians should be aware of the potential for severe agitation from naltrexone-precipitated hyperacute withdrawal and its appropriate management. Opioid-dependent patients who wish to continue withdrawal and abstinence must be encouraged to visit trained physicians and be warned about misuse of naltrexone.
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Acharya, Anup, Nil Raj Sharma, Bandana Pokhrel, and Suman Badtaula. "Anterior Ethmoidal Nerve Block In Prevention of Post-Operative Agitation Following Nasal Surgeries with Nasal Packs Under General Anesthesia: An Experimental Study." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 8, no. 02 (December 31, 2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v8i02.34091.
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INTRODUCTION
Postoperative agitation or emergence agitation during recovery from anesthesia is an important complication of General Anesthesia (GA) especially in otolaryngological surgeries, and nasal surgery in particular. It is potentially harmful to the patients resulting in fall from the operation table, self-extubation, self-removal of nasal pack, hemorrhage etc. Several methods and medications have been tried to reduce it. We studied the effect of anterior ethmoidal nerve block for reducing post-operative agitation for nasal surgeries with nasal packs as it falls in the same operative field.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 100 participants undergoing nasal surgeries with nasal pack under GA in the Department of Otolaryngology, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal, were randomized into cases and controls by block randomization. The study was done from June 2018 till February 2020. Anterior ethmoidal nerve was blocked with lidocaine injection at the end of surgery in cases. Controls were injected with normal saline. Post-operative agitation was studied with Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) and was compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
There were 50 participants in each group. Emergence agitation in cases and controls at extubation, 30 minutes post-extubation and the next morning was present in 32% and 52%, 4% and 18%, and 0 and 2% respectively. SAS score rapidly decreased in 30 minutes after extubation in controls but was still significantly higher than that of cases.
CONCLUSION
Anterior ethmoidal nerve block was effective in reducing post-operative agitation significantly during emergence in nasal surgeries with nasal packs.
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Graves, Nathan A. "A NORTHERN IDAHO GASOLINE SPILL AND CLEANUP USING STREAM BED AGITATION1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-189.
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ABSTRACT On June 4, 1983, a backhoe operator digging in a Northern Idaho creek ruptured the Yellowstone Pipeline. Approximately 24,000 gallons of unleaded gasoline were released into Wolf Lodge Creek as a result of the spill. Due to the quick response by Yellowstone Pipeline Company personnel, most of the spilled gasoline was recovered prior to entering Lake Coeur d'Alene, located about three miles southwest of the spill site. Initial cleanup methods included deployment of a series of containment and sorbent booms downstream of the spill site and recovery of gasoline by pumping the gasoline from the creek into tank trucks. The effects of the spill on Wolf Lodge Creek were devastating. The creek was an important spawning area, wildlife habitat, and drinking water source. Federal and state officials concluded that additional cleanup of the creek was necessary, primarily because some of the spilled gasoline had been trapped in the stream bed underneath gravel and debris. A stream bed agitation technique was developed in an attempt to release the trapped gasoline without further damaging the creek. Following a month of negotiations, Yellowstone Pipeline Company agreed to conduct the stream bed agitation operation. Three inches of stream bed were turned over by dragging a bulldozer blade over the bed. Released gasoline was collected with sorbent material placed throughout the stream. Initial recovery of fish and invertebrate populations in Wolf Lodge Creek has been significant. Studies are currently being conducted to determine if invertebrate recovery in agitated areas of the the stream is greater than in unagitated areas.
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Tantri, Aida Rosita, Raden Besthadi Sukmono, and Linda Stefanie Atmadja. "Comparison of recovery time with target controlled infusion of propofol with sevoflurane anesthesia using bispectral index monitoring in vitrectomy surgery." Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care 25, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35975/apic.v25i6.1689.
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Background: Rapid recovery after anesthesia is critical and is associated with the anesthetic agents used. The bispectral index (BIS) monitoring to guide anesthetic agents' doses may play a significant role in the recovery time. This study compared recovery time after Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) of propofol with sevoflurane anesthesia by using BIS monitoring during vitrectomy surgery.
Methodology: This was a prospective observational, randomized study on 40 patients aged 18–65 y, physical status ASA I–II, body mass index (BMI) 18–30 kg/m2, who underwent vitrectomy surgery. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, Group P – the TCI propofol group, and Group S – the sevoflurane group. Subjects in the Group P received TCI propofol (Schnider), and subjects in the Group S received sevoflurane for anesthesia maintenance, with a targeted BIS score of 40–60. Inj. fentanyl 1 µg/kg was administered if there was an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and/or BIS that could not be overcome by increasing the dose of TCI propofol or sevoflurane. Recovery time was calculated from when the maintenance regimen was stopped until the patient was able to obey simple commands. Recovery time, fentanyl consumption, postoperative agitation, nausea and vomiting incidence were noted and analyzed with SPSS v21.0 for Windows. T–Test or Mann–Whitney U test was performed to analyze the data.
Result: Recovery time in the Group P [11.5 (5–25) min)] was not significantly different from the Group S [9 (4–18) min, p = 0.139]. Total fentanyl consumption was higher in the Group P than in the Group S (1.765 vs. 1.428 µg/kg). The frequency of agitation during recovery was higher in the Group S than in the Group P (30% vs. 20%)
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in recovery time between target controlled infusion of propofol and BIS controlled sevoflurane anesthesia in vitrectomy. Total fentanyl consumption was higher in the Group P than in the sevoflurane group. The impact of these anesthetic regimens on postoperative agitation needs further investigation.
Key words: Intravenous anesthesia; Bispectral index monitoring; BIS; Propofol; Sevoflurane; Target Controlled Infusion; TCI; Vitrectomy
Citation: Tantri AR, Sukmono RB, Atmadja LS. Comparison of recovery time with target controlled infusion of propofol with sevoflurane anesthesia using bispectral index monitoring in vitrectomy surgery. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(6):707–712:
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i6.1689
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Lepousé, Claire, Anna Seidl, Audrey Mariscal-Causse, Annie Gallet, and Alain Leon. "Incidence and Risk Factors of Agitation Following Anesthesia in the Recovery Room." Anesthesiology 96, Sup 2 (September 2002): A1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200209002-01157.
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Sfyra, E., I. Soumpasis, E. Soilemezi, S. Marinou, M. Georgiou, and F. Kanakoudis. "Preincisional i.v. clonidine prevents agitation during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 22, Supplement 34 (May 2005): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200505001-00505.
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Green, Steven M., and Thomas S. Sherwin. "Incidence and severity of recovery agitation after ketamine sedation in young adults." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 23, no. 2 (March 2005): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2004.04.030.
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Scott, L. Keith, Rebecca Green, Paul J. McCarthy, and Steven A. Conrad. "Agitation and/or aggression after traumatic brain injury in the pediatric population treated with ziprasidone." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 3, no. 6 (June 2009): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.2.peds08292.
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Object Agitation and aggression are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can hamper recovery and rehabilitative efforts. To date, there is no consensus on pharmaceutical intervention for these conditions after TBI. Ziprasidone has been reported efficacious in this population but the evidence is limited. The authors report their experience of using ziprasidone to treat posttraumatic brain injury agitation in 20 consecutive pediatric patients. A secondary objective of this case series was to attempt to establish an age-specific dosage and identify possible side effects of this medication. Methods This case series study was performed at a university hospital and pediatric trauma center. Over an 18-month period, all patients who presented to the pediatric intensive care unit with TBI and later developed agitation and/or aggression were treated with ziprasidone as the sole intervention. Pre- and posttreatment scores on the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) were recorded along with demographic data. Results Twenty children received ziprasidone for agitation and/or aggression during the immediate recovery period from TBI. The median patient age was 8 years (range 9 months–17 years). Children were stratified into 4 age groups: < 2 years old (Group 1), 2–6 years old (Group 2), 7–12 years old (Group 3), and ≥ 13 years old (Group 4). The SAS score, before and 24 hours after the initiation of ziprasidone, demonstrated a significant reduction after initiation of the medication (p < 0.001). The initial dose for Groups 1–4 was 1.7, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.6 mg/kg, respectively, with final doses of 1.8, 1.5, 1.7, and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. The duration of therapy for Groups 1–4 was 5, 8, 6, and 3 days, respectively. All patients received continuous cardiac and blood-pressure monitoring. No adverse events were reported in any of the age groups. Conclusions Based on this limited patient series, ziprasidone appears to be safe and effective in pediatric patients with closed head injuries who develop agitation and/or aggression in the immediate postinjury period. Ziprasidone consistently lowered SAS scores and did so in all age groups. There were minimal dose adjustments and the duration of therapy was relatively brief. No adverse events were reported. A prospective trial of ziprasidone in this population appears warranted.
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Otsuka, Yuki, Tetsuya Yumoto, Hiromi Ihoriya, Namiko Matsumoto, Kota Sato, Koji Abe, Hiromichi Naito, and Atsunori Nakao. "Acute Agitation as an Initial Manifestation of Neuro-Behçet’s Disease." Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2018 (November 29, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5437027.
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Managing acutely agitated or violent patients in the emergency department (ED) represents a significant challenge. Acute agitation as an initial manifestation of neuro-Behcet’s disease (NBD) is an extremely rare clinical entity. A 44-year-old male, who had been complaining about a severe headache and fever for several days, was admitted to our ED due to acutely presented incontinence and agitation. On admission, physical restraint and sedation with sevoflurane and propofol were required for his combative and violent behavior. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed increased cell count. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging showed a high intensity signal in the left parietal lobe and bilateral occipital lobe. As infectious meningoencephalitis was suspected, empirical therapy was immediately started. He recovered uneventfully without neurological defect in seven days. Based on positive human leukocyte antigen B-51 and clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of NBD was made and remitted by steroid therapy. Although acute NBD commonly presents with focal neurological symptoms, psychiatric symptoms could be considered the first manifestation. A focused and thorough examination coupled with appropriate management strategies can assist emergency clinicians safely and effectively manage these patients.
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Tatic, Milanka, Skeledzija Miskovic, Ranko Zdravkovic, Milica Gojkovic, Aleksandra Kovac, and Maja Zubic. "Sedation in the intensive care unit." Medical review 72, no. 3-4 (2019): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1904123t.
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Introduction. Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by the use of certain drugs mostly to facilitate therapeutic or diagnostic procedures. Scales for evaluation of the depth of sedation. Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale are the most commonly used scales. Drugs. Sedation is generally produced by using medications from the group of opioids, benzodiazepines, intravenous and inhalation general anesthetic agents, neuroleptics, phenothiazines, ?-agonists and barbiturates. Adverse effects of sedatives. Sedation is often associated with hypotension, prolonged mechanical ventilation and longer time on respiratory support, higher frequency of delirium, immunosuppression, deep vein thrombosis, increased risk for development of nosocomial pneumonia, all of which leads to the prolonged recovery time. Conclusion. Sedatives currently used in intensive care units are widely used, but they have limitations. The goal is to get the desired level of sedation with as few side effects as possible.
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Snisar, V. I., and O. S. Pavlysh. "Postoperative agitation syndrome in young children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system." CHILD`S HEALTH 16, no. 5 (September 16, 2021): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.16.5.2021.239715.
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One of the complications of the postoperative period in children is postanesthetic agitation, a significant emotional and uncontrollable worry, clouding of consciousness, feeling of anxiety and fear, inappropriate behavior, irritability, inconsolable crying, aggressive and negative attitude towards parents and medical staff. Postoperative agitation is very important for clinicians and hospitals, it has a risk of harming a patient, staying longer in the ward after anesthesia, and increasing the period of postoperative recovery. The frequency of postoperative agitation depends on age group. Most often agitation occurs in young children. There is evidence that agitation can also be due to the immature nervous system and a consequence of pathological conditions of the central nervous system (asthenoneurotic syndrome, encephalopathy, hyperactivity syndrome, perinatal posthypoxic and organic brain lesions, history of prematurity, epilepsy, psychophysical and speech delay, etc.). That is why the goal of our research was to study the patterns of clinical manifestations of postoperative agitation syndrome in children with prenatal damage to the central nervous system. The work was performed based on the analysis of the postoperative period in 109 young children: 59 patients with acquired hydrocephalus, who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and 50 children without neurological disorders in whom reconstructive surgeries were carried out. Depending on the type anesthetic management, each group was divided into two subgroups: children, who received inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane, and those, who received total intravenous anesthesia using propofol. In the postoperative period, the behavior of children was assessed on a Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale 30 minutes after anesthesia was completed. Criterion for the development of agitation was the presence of excitement in a child with a score of ≥ 10 points. Study showed that young children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system and children whose anesthetic provision is carried out using sevoflurane are the most vulnerable to the development of agitation syndrome. Agitation in such children is more pronounced and longer. These cases require prediction, detection and active surveillance.
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L, Agolli, and Shuteriqi B. "The Effect of Subtenons Lidocaine on Emergence Agitation after General Anesthesia in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 6 (February 29, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n6p48.
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Objectives: To study the effect of subtenon lidocaine injection at the end of intervention on the post-operative emergence agitation in pediatric strabismus surgery under general anesthesia with sevofluran. Material: We studied 191 children patients undergoing muscle surgery for strabismus from 2-6 years old. Children were (prospectively) randomized to one of the four groups. These groups include: A –Group Sevofluran fentanyl; B –Group sevoflurane fentanyl, Subtenon lidocaine injection; C – Group Propofol, fentanyl, sevofluran; and D – Group Propofol, fentanyl, Sevoflurane, Subtenon lidocaine injection. In the beginning of the induction of anesthesia, children received dexametasone and metoclopropamide. At the end of the surgery, children received either lidocaine (2%) or normal saline (1ml) into the subtenons space. This was conducted on the recovery room using five scoring scale. These scale include: 1- the child makes eye contact, 2- Purposeful response after repeated stimuli, 3 – the child is aware of the surrounding environment, 4- severe restlessness, and 5 – The child is inconsolable. The degree of emergence agitation was observed. Furthermore, the score 4 and 5 was considered as an emergence agitation. Results: There are no differences regarding age and weight. The incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in the groups which were receiving subtenon lidocaine compared with saline group injections (p< 0.05). Conclusions: A lidocaine injection into subtenon space reduces the emergence agitation after general anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery.
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Bukhari, Nurul Adela, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Soh Kheang Loh, Nasrin Abu Bakar, and Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi. "Response surface optimisation of enzymatically hydrolysed and dilute acid pretreated oil palm trunk bagasse for succinic acid production." BioResources 14, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 1679–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1679-1693.
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The exploitation of agroindustrial lignocellulose, such as oil palm trunk bagasse (OPTB), as a raw material in the production of succinic acid (SA) may serve as an effective strategy to propel the bio-based industry. This study aimed to optimise the recovery of fermentable sugar, i.e., glucose, from enzymatic hydrolysis of the dilute acid pretreated OPTB (DA-OPTB). The dilute acid pretreatment used in this study was able to remove 59.5% of hemicellulose and 13.3% of lignin. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was then applied to investigate four independent variables – enzyme loading (10 to 50 U/g), agitation speed (50 to 250 rpm), reaction time (0 to 96 h), and surfactant concentration (0.025 to 0.125%, v/v). The experimental glucose concentration of 21.7 g/L was in good agreement with the RSM-predicted value of 20.5 g/L. Among the parameters investigated, supplementation of a surfactant during enzymatic hydrolysis was significant in influencing glucose recovery, while the extent of the agitation speed was the least influential. The maximum recovered glucose was estimated at 217 g per kg of raw OPTB, with 7.3 g/L of SA attainable from the fermented DA-OPTB hydrolysate using Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z. The results demonstrated that OPTB can be practically utilised in the economical production of high value-added SA.
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d’Eon, Brandon, Thomas Hackmann, and A. Stuart Wright. "The Addition of Intravenous Propofol and Ketorolac to a Sevoflurane Anesthetic Lessens Emergence Agitation in Children Having Bilateral Myringotomy with Tympanostomy Tube Insertion: A Prospective Observational Study." Children 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7080096.
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The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine if children undergoing bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion with a sevoflurane anesthetic plus intravenous propofol and ketorolac experienced a lower incidence of emergence agitation than those receiving a sevoflurane anesthetic alone. Duration of procedure, length of stay in post-anaesthesia care and level of nursing effort required to care for patients were also assessed. In this study, 49 children younger than 13 years of age received a sevoflurane anesthetic. Fifty-one percent of these patients also received a single injection of propofol 1 mg/kg and ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg at the end of the procedure. Patients were assessed for emergence agitation using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Four children receiving a sevoflurane anesthetic alone experienced emergence agitation, while no children receiving propofol and ketorolac experienced emergence agitation (p = 0.05). The length of stay until discharge from the hospital was 6.98 min longer for patients receiving propofol and ketorolac but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.23). Nurses reported greater ease in caring for patients receiving the propofol and ketorolac injection (recovery questionnaire score 4.50 vs. 3.75, p = 0.002). In this study, adding a single injection of intravenous propofol and ketorolac to the end of a brief sevoflurane anesthetic for bilateral myringotomy with tube insertion was associated with a lower incidence of emergence agitation without significantly increasing the time to discharge from the hospital.
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Cui, Xing Lan, Fei Hua Yang, Qi Yuan Gu, Rong Guo, Zhi Yu Tian, Yuan Ning, and Xiao Yan. "The Culturing Optimization of Bioleaching of the Lead-Zinc Tailings from Different Depths." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.272.
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This study was a continuation of previous work designed to further explore the effect of different culture condition on the recovery of the valuable metals by bacteria. The experiment focused on the Nandan lead-zinc tailings from different depths. First of all, the study systematically performed multi-elements analysis. Subsequently, the effect of the temperature and agitation speed on the bacterial growth was investigated. The data revealed that the temperature of 35°C and the agitation of 160 rpm were the optimum culture conditions for the bacteria. Finally, the bioleaching experiments were performed to explore the ability of bioleaching the tailings. The study illustrated that the microorganism was able to effectively extract valuable metals from different depths samples.
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CANABARRO, N. I., J. F. SOARES, J. V. CORREA, W. L. PRIAMO, R. C. KUHN, E. L. FOLETTO, S. L. JAHN, and M. A. MAZUTTI. "OPTIMIZATION OF SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF ETHANOL OBTAINED BY SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 45, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2015.375.
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Solid-state fermentation has been used as an alternative to reduce the amount of waste water in ethanol fermentation. However, the recovery of ethanol from solid medium should be investigated, since depending of experimental condition used in the extraction, significant difference in the results can be obtained. In this work was investigated the influence of temperature (30-50°C), solid to liquid ratio (10-40 wt%) and orbital agitation (50180 rpm) in the recovery of ethanol from sugarcane bagasse at different fermentation conditions of moisture content (50-80%) and ethanol amount (5-20 wt%). The highest recovering efficiency was 81.3% at 30°C, solid to liquid ratio of 40 wt%, initial ethanol amount of 10 wt%, orbital agitation of 100 rpm and moisture content of 60%. The main contribution of this work was to demonstrate that the amount of water used in the extraction is lesser than that used in traditional liquid fermentation, making possible to obtain a more concentrated broth, saving with water treatment and energy for ethanol concentration.
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Jiang, Wei-Na. "Clinical nursing of agitation in anesthesia recovery period in elderly patients after hepalobectomy." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 23, no. 11 (2015): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v23.i11.1825.
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Bernabé, I., J. M. Gómez, E. Díez, P. Sáez, and A. Rodríguez. "Optimization and Adsorption-Based Recovery of Cobalt Using Activated Disordered Mesoporous Carbons." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 7, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3430176.
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Kinetic and operating condition studies were studied in the batch mode. MCSG60A has a large and fast adsorption capacity, retaining 90% of the Co2+ in the solution and reaching equilibria in only 15 minutes. Among all the variables studied, the adsorbent dosage and the agitation speed favor the Co2+ adsorption until an agitation speed of 1100 rpm and 15.0 mg/L of adsorbent dosage; higher values do not increase the adsorption capacity. On the other hand, the presence of Na+ ions in the solution and high particle size hinder the adsorption process. The thermodynamic study indicated that this process is exothermic and spontaneous, mainly caused by electrostatic interactions between adsorbent and adsorbate. The adsorption is highly pH dependent: while it is optimum at basic pH, it decreases by a 70% at pH 2. The adsorption process is favored in controlled pH, in spite of the ionic strength that involves the buffer presence in the solution. As to the cobalt recovery, to preconcentrate this metal, it is tested with different acid solutions, proving that lower pH promotes this phenomena, even reaching a recovery around 98%, with HNO3 solution with 0.5 pH. Moreover, if the volume of regenerative solution is decreased to the eight part, the cobalt concentration increases five times, reaching enough concentration to facilitate its recovery in metallic state by other techniques.
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van Scheyen, J. D. "Recovery from lithium neurotoxicity. A case study." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 2, no. 2 (June 1990): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800034566.
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SummaryThe author describes the development of a neurotoxicity syndrome in a 68 year old women treated for 1½ years with lithium for recurrent depressions. The syndrome developed after 10 mgr. haloperidol per day was added, during a manic episode, for 10 days. The lithium levels were 0.71 ± 0.19 MEq/L. After 19 days all medications were discontinued. The neurotoxicity consisted succes-sivily of confusion, somnolence, agitation, extrapyramidal symptoms, cerebellair ataxia and EEG abnormalities. After 10 weeks memory impairmments were still present. At four months, memory function was restored. After five months, the patient was discharged without residual symptoms. The patient reported amnesia for the first six weeks of the syndrome. The author points out that while patients may develop tolerance to lithium maintenance after several years, they still may develop a neurotoxicity syndrome when haloperidol is added to treat a manic episode.
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M. Mashingaidze, Melvin, and Catherine N. Shifotoka. "Copper recovery from chalcopyrite flotation plant tailings acid leach using ion exchange resin dowtm XUS 43578.00." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (April 20, 2018): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.12752.
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This study examined the feasibility of recovering copper from a sulphuric acid leach solution of chalcopyrite flotation plant tailings assaying 0.18 % copper and 0.19 % zinc using DOWTM XUS 43578.00 ion exchange resin. Zn2+cations are counter ionsto Cu2+cations during the ion exchange process. Adsorption and desorption tests were conducted on the resin with a leach solution containing26 mg Cu/L and 225 mg Zn/L,under various conditions of pH, DOWTM XUS 43578.00resin dosage, agitation time and eluant(ammonium hydroxide solution) concentration. The DOWTM XUS 43578.00resindemonstrated a high selectivity for copper over zinc, with a separation factor of 30.26 mg/g. The highcopper distribution coefficient of65L2/g2suggeststhe resin can effectively concentrate copper in leach solutions of these particular tailings.A 4M ammonium hydroxide solution yielded the highest copper recoveryat pH 3and0.6gresin dosageafter3hours of agitation. These results can be improved by a pre-treatment step to remove the zinc before the copper ion exchange process, and modifying the experiments to simulate industrial practice by having multi-stage sorption and desorption phases.
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Maxa, Jan L., Akram M. Taleghani, Chris C. Ogu, and Mario Tanzi. "Possible Toxic Encephalopathy following High-Dose Intravenous Haloperidol." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 6 (June 1997): 736–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100613.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of possible toxic encephalopathy in a surgical patient receiving high-dose intravenous haloperidol. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old African-American man was admitted for spinal fusion. His medical history included bipolar disorder and a cerebrovascular accident. His recovery from surgery was complicated by the development of agitation, which was treated with increasing doses of intravenous haloperidol. An electroencephalogram was consistent with toxic encephalopathy. The patient's mental status returned to normal 8 days after discontinuation of haloperidol. DISCUSSION: High-dose intravenous haloperidol for severe agitation has been reported as an effective and safe treatment option for the hospitalized patient. We report the occurrence of toxic encephalopathy in a patient who received high-dose intravenous haloperidol. CONCLUSIONS: Caution should be used when high-dose intravenous haloperidol is used in an agitated patient. If the patient's clinical response is paradoxical to what is anticipated and the resulting agitation is mistakenly attributed to inadequate treatment, increasingly higher doses may only aid in the development of toxic encephalopathy.
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Karimzadeh, Zahra, Mansooreh Azizzadeh Forouzi, Elham Rahiminezhad, Mehdi Ahmadinejad, and Mahlagha Dehghan. "The Effects of Lavender and Citrus aurantium on Anxiety and Agitation of the Conscious Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Parallel Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial." BioMed Research International 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5565956.
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Background. Conscious patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) suffer from anxiety and agitation for various reasons, which can affect their recovery processes. Aims. To compare the effects of lavender and Citrus aurantium essential oils on anxiety and agitation of conscious patients admitted to ICUs. Design. A randomized parallel placebo-controlled trial. Methods. One hundred and fifty conscious patients admitted to ICUs were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into three groups, groups of lavender aromatherapy and Citrus aurantium aromatherapy, in addition to the routine care and inhalation of five drops of lavender or Citrus aurantium essential oils for 30 minutes. The placebo group, in addition to routine care, was provided with 5 drops of normal saline for 30 minutes. Anxiety was assessed with the state subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and agitation was examined with Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale before, immediately, one hour, and three hours after the intervention. Results. All three groups suffered from relatively severe state anxiety before the intervention. The level of anxiety in the lavender and Citrus aurantium groups was significantly lower than that of the placebo group immediately and three hours after the intervention ( P < 0.05 ). No significant difference was observed between the two groups of lavender and Citrus aurantium. The majority of the samples in all three groups were agitated before the intervention, but agitation of all three groups decreased after the intervention. Restless/agitation reduced significantly in all three groups. Although restless/agitation of the lavender and Citrus aurantium groups reduced more than that of the placebo, no significant difference was found between the three groups. Conclusion. The results of the present study showed the positive effects of lavender aromatherapy and Citrus aurantium aromatherapy on reducing the anxiety of patients admitted to ICUs. Relevance to Clinical Practice. Aromatherapy can be used as an effective and safe intervention to reduce anxiety in ICUs.
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Zhou, Chang Chun. "Study of Strengthen Flotation Separation for Middle-Low Grade Bauxite." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.844.
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The ore properties and strengthen separation of bauxite were studied in this paper. The parameters in strengthen separation, such as dosage of collectors, flotation turbulence and inflation etc., were also discussed. With the increase of collector dosage, the recovery of Al2O3increased.,When the collector dosage was 900 g/t, A/S of foam was 7.06 and the recovery was 86.39%. The recovery also increased with the increase of stirring speed. When the speed of agitation mixing impeller reached 1700 r/min, the recovery was 84.56% and A/S of concentrate was 6.71. With the increase of inflation, the number of bubbles increased, the contact opportunities between bubbles and mineral particles increased, and the recovery increased. When the inflation was 0.35 m3/h, the recovery was 85.21% and A/S of foam was 6.71,. With the increase of inflation over 0.35 m3/h, the enhancement of recovery was not limited and the bubble inclusions led to the decrease of recovery of Al2O3.
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Wang, Yanwu, Fan Yao, Yulong Lin, and Shugen Xiao. "A comparative study of the analgesic effects of sevoflurane and propofol in children following otolaryngology surgical procedures: A pilot study." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 20, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v20i1.30.
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Purpose: To determine the analgesic effects of sevoflurane (Sev) and propofol (Pro) in children whounderwent otolaryngology surgical procedures, and their post-operative conditions.Methods: A total of 62 (ASA I or ASA II) pre-medicated children who were about to undergootolaryngology surgical procedures were chosen and divided equally into Sev and Pro groups, with 31patients per group. During the surgical procedure, Sev was administered via a mask, while Pro wasgiven i.v. Each anesthesia was followed with fentanyl administration.Results: Pain scores such as verbal rating scale (VRS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were slightlylower in Sev group than in Pro group. However, post-operative conditions such as emergence delirium(ED) and emergence agitation (EA) were significantly elevated in Sev group, when compared to Progroup (p < 0.05). In addition, patients in Sev group had higher levels of hemodynamic parameters(blood pressure), and much higher number of adverse events than those in Pro group. Thus, the overallsatisfaction score and recovery characteristics, i.e., hospitalization time and recovery were slightlybetter in Pro-anesthetized children than in those given Sev.Conclusion: These results suggest that except for pain score, Pro-anesthetized children fared better interms of speedy recovery and reduced adverse effects than those given Pro. Thus, Pro may berecommended as general anaesthetic for children undergoing otolaryngology surgical procedures.Keywords: Sevoflurane, Propofol, Pain score, Emergence agitation, Otolaryngology
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Pezzana, A., Ph Vilaginès, F. Bordet, D. Coquard, B. Sarrette, and R. Vilaginès. "Optimization of the Envirochek capsule method and immunomagnetic separation procedure for the detection of low levels of Cryptosporidium in large drinking water samples." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 7 (April 1, 2000): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0122.
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The method for concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in large drinking water samples using the Envirocheck capsule has been optimized for the detection of low levels of oocysts. Elution from the filter by contact time and vortex agitation gave 68% oocyst recovery. Centrifugation (1,250 g; 30 min; 4°C) improved recovery to 94% without morphological damage of the oocysts. Increasing the ratio of magnetic beads to sample volume in the IMS procedure led to 69% efficiency. In these conditions, the overall recovery of the procedure was 49% as assessed with low oocysts spike doses in 100 litres tap water samples. The methodology described allows the detection of 0.1 oocyst per litre when 100 litres samples are processed.
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Lazarev, V. V., D. M. Khaliullin, R. R. Gabdrafikov, D. V. Koshcheev, and E. S. Gracheva. "XENON ANESTHESIA IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL INTERVENTIONS." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care 9, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30946/2219-4061-2019-9-1-78-84.
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Introduction. Therapeutic dental manipulations in smaller children are usually done under general anesthesia and sedation using inhalation anesthetics due to their high psychoemotional lability. Xenon (inert gas) is of particular interest among inhalation anesthetic agents due to its unique pharmacological properties such as hypnotic and analgesic effect, lack of toxicity, organ protective properties, etc. Purpose is to estimate adequacy, safety and comfort with anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. Materials and methods. 30 children (18 boys and 12 girls) were involved in an open, prospective, randomized study. They obtained dental treatment for caries and pulpitis. Sevoflurane 8% and concentration of 60–70% xenon with О2 was given to induce anesthesia. Anesthesia adequacy, safety and comfort were estimated based on hemodynamics data, BIS index, concentrations of sevoflurane and xenon in the anesthetic gas, recovery time, rate of agitation, nausea and vomiting. Results. The study demonstrated safety of xenon gas anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. The estimated values were within the reference range. Following anesthesia, recovery occurred after 30 minutes, no single case of postanesthesia agitation, nausea and vomiting was noted. Conclusion. Xenon provides for high effectiveness and safety of anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. The results show that further studies are reasonable.