Journal articles on the topic 'Recovered fibre'
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SHIMAKAMI, YUKI. "Fibre Recycling Industry "Recovered Fibre"." FIBER 64, no. 7 (2008): P.238—P.241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.64.p_238.
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Hao, Siqi, Lizhe He, Jiaqi Liu, Yuhao Liu, Chris Rudd, and Xiaoling Liu. "Recovery of Carbon Fibre from Waste Prepreg via Microwave Pyrolysis." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081231.
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Management of waste from carbon fibre composites has become a significant societal issue as the application of composite grows across many industries. In this study, carbon fibres (CF) were successfully recovered from cured carbon fibre/epoxy (CF/EP) prepreg under microwave pyrolysis at 450, 550 and 650 °C followed by oxidation of any residual char. The recovered fibres were investigated for their tensile properties, surface morphologies and the elements/functional groups presented on the surface. The chemical compositions of gaseous and oil pyrolysis products were also analysed. The microwave pyrolysis effectively pyrolyzed the epoxy (EP) resin. Char residue remained on the fibre surface and the amount of char reduced as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Compared to virgin fibres, the recovered fibre suffered from a strength reduction by less than 20%, and this reduction could be mitigated by reducing the pyrolysis temperature. The surface of recovered fibre remained clean and smooth, while the profile of elements and functional groups at the surface were similar to those of virgin fibres. The main gaseous products were CO, H2, CO2 and CH4, whilst the liquid product stream included phenolic and aromatic compounds.
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Starczak, Róża, and Jolanta Was-Gubała. "Colour as a basic feature in comparative studies of fibre microtraces." Issues of Forensic Science 290 (2015): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2015.290.5.
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Forensic evidence in the form of fibres is recovered in cases involving sexual offenses, assault, murder and road accidents. In the event when a connection between persons is determined, fibres transferred from an offender’s to a victim’s clothing and vice versa are sought for. Colour is the first physico-chemical property verified during forensic analysis. Any colour differences between materials recovered at the crime scene and those originating from a suspect's clothing suggestthat fibres cannot have come from the same source. The aim ofthis article is to introduce the colour-related issues as they pertain to forensic fibre evidence.
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Yilmaz, Demet, Sinem Yelkovan, and Yasir Tirak. "Comparison of the Effects of Different Cotton Fibre Wastes on Different Yarn Types." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (August 31, 2017): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2340.
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In order to make a contribution to the reduction of raw material costs, in the present study the effect of reused cotton fibres on the quality of conventional ring and OE-rotor yarns was investigated. In the yarn production, it three different waste fibres were taken from a cotton yarn production line and blended with primary cotton fibres at five different levels varying from 5% to 40%. In literature, studies have concentrated on the usage of recovered waste fibre in OE-rotor yarn production. However, to date there has been limited extensive and comparative research on the effect of recovered fibre quality on different yarn properties to determine the possibility of high-quality yarn production from reused fibres. In the study, we focused on the effect of different waste types as well as the amount of waste in the blends on the properties of different yarn types.
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Pickering, SJ, Z. Liu, TA Turner, and KH Wong. "Applications for carbon fibre recovered from composites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 139 (July 2016): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/139/1/012005.
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Huber, J. L., C. Maier, T. Mainka, L. Mannil, J. Vollert, and H. H. Homann. "Recovery of mechanical detection thresholds after direct digital nerve repair versus conduit implantation." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 42, no. 7 (April 10, 2017): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193417699777.
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The purpose of this study was to assess sensory and functional nerve recovery after digital nerve injury in patients with an end-to-end suture (S) or with implantation of a collagen conduit (C) to bridge a nerve gap. Fifteen S and 11 C with a follow-up of 6–36 months and 28 healthy control participants were enrolled. Methods of assessments were quantitative sensory testing, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH), range of motion and the painDetect questionnaire. After both procedures, sensory profiles showed largely recovered function of C and Aδ fibres but severe loss of Aβ-fibre function leading to increased mechanical detection thresholds. There was only minimal allodynia. Severe pain was absent. Patients with conduits reported more functional impairment, especially in work performance, which correlated with the assessed loss of Aß-fibre function. Level of evidence: III
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Sandberg, Ann-Sofie, Henrik Andersson, Barbro Kivistö, and Brittmarie Sandström. "Extrusion cooking of a high-fibre cereal product." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 2 (March 1986): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860031.
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1. The effect of extrusion cooking of a high-fibre cereal product on digestibility of starch, fibre components and phytate in the stomach and small intestine was studied by in vivo digestion in ileostomy subjects, as well as its effect on ileostomy losses of fat, nitrogen, sodium and potassium.2. Seven ileostomy subjects were studied during two periods (each of 4 d) while on a constant low-fibre diet supplemented with 54 g/d of a bran-gluten-starch mixture (period A) or the corresponding extruded product (period B).3. Extrusion cooking, using mild conditions, did not change the content of starch, dietary fibre components or phytate of the bran product, but the phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) activity was lost. During the period using the extruded bran product, there was a significant increase in recovery of phytate-phosphorus (period A, 44% of intake; period B, 73% of intake). The amount of fibre components, fat, fatty acids, N, Na, K, water and the ash weight of the ileostomy contents did not differ between the two periods. Only 0.6 and 0.7% respectively of ingested starch was recovered in ileostomy contents in periods A and B, while the fibre components were almost completely recovered.4. Extrusion cooking, using even mild conditions, may lead to a considerable impairment in the digestion of phytate, probably due to a qualitative change in phytate and a loss of phytase activity. Starch, before and after extrusion cooking, is almost completely digested in the stomach and small intestine while fibre components are digested to a very small extent.
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Giacobbe, Carlotta, Dario Di Giuseppe, Alessandro Zoboli, Magdalena Lassinantti Gualtieri, Paola Bonasoni, Anna Moliterni, Nicola Corriero, Angela Altomare, Jonathan Wright, and Alessandro F. Gualtieri. "Crystal structure determination of a lifelong biopersistent asbestos fibre using single-crystal synchrotron X-ray micro-diffraction." IUCrJ 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252520015079.
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The six natural silicates known as asbestos may induce fatal lung diseases via inhalation, with a latency period of decades. The five amphibole asbestos species are assumed to be biopersistent in the lungs, and for this reason they are considered much more toxic than serpentine asbestos (chrysotile). Here, we refined the atomic structure of an amosite amphibole asbestos fibre that had remained in a human lung for ∼40 years, in order to verify the stability in vivo. The subject was originally exposed to a blend of chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite, which remained in his parietal pleura for ∼40 years. We found a few relicts of chrysotile fibres that were amorphous and magnesium depleted. Amphibole fibres that were recovered were undamaged and suitable for synchrotron X-ray micro-diffraction experiments. Our crystal structure refinement from a recovered amosite fibre demonstrates that the original atomic distribution in the crystal is intact and, consequently, that the atomic structure of amphibole asbestos fibres remains stable in the lungs for a lifetime; during which time they can cause chronic inflammation and other adverse effects that are responsible for carcinogenesis. The amosite fibres are not iron depleted proving that the iron pool for the formation of the asbestos bodies is biological (haemoglobin/plasma derived) and that it does not come from the asbestos fibres themselves.
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Aronsson, Julia, and Anders Persson. "Tearing of post-consumer cotton T-shirts and jeans of varying degree of wear." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502090132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020901322.
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The demand for textile fibres is growing quickly. However, global cotton production has stabilized around 25 Mton/year. This is a sound development since cotton cultivation causes major sustainable development issues. Even if regenerated cellulose fibre production steadily grows, it is still only from a sixth to a fifth of cotton volumes. Hence, it is essential to find resource-efficient routes to generate alternatives to virgin cotton. There are many promising research initiatives that discover the possibility to utilize waste streams of neat cotton and cotton in fibre blends as raw materials for dissolving pulp for regeneration into, for example, viscose or Lyocell. However, there is a much simpler and energy-efficient route at hand. If fabrics are disintegrated mechanically, the separated fibres can be turned into yarn again. However, since fibre length is a key parameter to accomplish strong and durable textiles, fibre length loss upon tearing should be minimized. This study evaluates how fibre length distribution alters upon tearing of post-consumer cotton waste of two different constructions: denim and single jersey; and different degrees of wear, rendering four different fractions: (1) barely worn denim, (2) rather worn denim, (3) barely worn single-jersey and (4) rather worn single-jersey. Before tearing, the garments were dissembled, their yarns were characterized, fibre length distributions were manually determined for (1)–(4). Length analysis of the recovered fibres after tearing revealed that the length drop was most severe for (a) the finer single-jersey and (b) the barely worn fractions. The findings suggest that significant wear does not exclude from mechanical recycling.
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Ruffell, John, Benjamin Levie, Steve Helle, and Sheldon Duff. "Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of recovered fibre for ethanol production." Bioresource Technology 101, no. 7 (April 2010): 2267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.090.
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Vakirtzi, Sophia, Fragoula Georma, and Artemis Karnava. "Beyond Textiles: Alternative Uses of Twisted Fibres and Evidence from Akrotiri, Thera." Światowit 56, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8471.
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Fibre crafts are among the oldest technological practices of mankind. Although commonly associated with textile manufacture, twisted fibres in the form of threads have always had a wider range of use in everyday life. Strings and ropes constitute a humble but essential category of fibre products deriving from the same technology and organic matter as threads. Due to their organic nature, however, they are rarely preserved in the archaeological record, unless special environmental conditions occur. This paper explores the research potential of the imprints of threads and strings in a study focusing on the alternative uses of fibre-spun artefacts. The focus is on the Bronze Age Aegean imprints of threads and strings preserved on objects made of clay and on wall paintings recovered at Akrotiri on Thera. The technical properties of the original threads and strings are evaluated through observation of their imprints, and the fibre technology used for their production is assessed. The methodologies of spindle whorl metrology and experimental spinning are also integrated in the discussion. Ultimately, the use of threads and strings for a variety of purposes, including but not limited to textile production, is discussed.
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Sala, Conrad M., and Grzegorz Kowaluk. "The influence of defibration pressure and fibres drying parameters on the properties of HDF made with recovered fibres." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 111 (September 30, 2020): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7354.
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Defibration pressure and fibres drying parameters influence on the HDF properties made with recovered fibres. The objective of this study was to investigate the defibration pressure and fibres drying process parameters (influence on the mechanical, physical properties and on formaldehyde content (FC) of ultrathin (2.5 mm) industrial high-density fibreboards (HDF) produced with 5% of recovered HDF (rHDF) addition. For this investigation the fibres were produced in industrial defibrator under four different set points: 0.65 MPa (V1), 0.90 MPa (V2), 1.00 MPa (V3) and 1.06 MPa (V4), dried in industrial two stage dryer with four different dryer inlet temperatures set points: 100°C (V00), 111°C (V11), 122°C (V22) and 133°C (V33). The results indicated that pressure is a significant factor and affects for all HDF properties. Too low defibrator pressure negatively influences HDF mechanical and physical properties as well as FC (high level). Regarding fibre drying temperature influence on HDF properties, no straight correlation was found. Linear negative correlation was found for modulus of rupture – 10% decrease comparing V00 to V33, internal bond – 23% decrease comparing V00 to V22 and surface soundness – also 23% decrease comparing V00 to V33.
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Nyman, Margareta, Nils-Georg Asp, John Cummings, and Hugh Wiggins. "Fermentation of dietary fibre in the intestinal tract: comparison between man and rat." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 3 (May 1986): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860056.
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1. The breakdown and faecal bulking capacity of dietary fibre preparations from wheat bran, apple, cabbage, carrot, and guar gum were compared in man and rat.2. The degradation of the fibre showed good correlation between man and rat (r 0.99, regression coefficient 0.86). Wheat bran was the least well-digested, 66 and 59% of the neutral sugars being excreted in faeces of man and rat respectively. The breakdown of the fibre in apple, cabbage, carrot and guar gum was more complete and 4–29% of the neutral sugars were recovered in faeces.3. The main dietary fibre constituents in each preparation were degraded to a similar extent in man and rat. The main dietary fibre constituents of apple, carrot, cabbage and guar gum were almost completely degraded. Of the xylose in wheat bran 45% (man) and 48% (rat) were recovered in faeces. However, the percentage excretion of glucose and arabinose from bran was higher in man.4. A faecal glucan other than cellulose was identified in human faeces after guar gum, and has been provisionally identified as starch. No such glucan occurred in rat faeces.5. A good correlation between the faecal bulking capacity in man and rat was seen (r 0.97, regression coefficient 0.56). Wheat bran had the best bulking capacity, while that of apple, cabbage, carrot and guar gum was less pronounced. Faecal bulking was inversely related to the amount of fibre which was water-soluble in each preparation.6. It is concluded that this rat experimental model is useful for the prediction of fermentative breakdown and bulking capacity of dietary fibre in man. However, more comparative studies are needed to evaluate animal experiments regarding other physiological effects of dietary fibre.
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Martins, Zita E., Edgar Pinto, Agostinho A. Almeida, Olívia Pinho, and Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira. "Fibre fortification of wheat bread: impact on mineral composition and bioaccessibility." Food & Function 8, no. 5 (2017): 1979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00382j.
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In this work, wheat bread was fortified with fibre enriched extracts recovered from agroindustry by-products, namely, elderberry skin, pulp and seeds (EE); orange peel (OE); pomegranate peel and interior membranes (PE); and spent yeast (YE).
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RUYER-QUIL, C., P. TREVELEYAN, F. GIORGIUTTI-DAUPHINÉ, C. DUPRAT, and S. KALLIADASIS. "Modelling film flows down a fibre." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 603 (April 30, 2008): 431–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008001225.
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Consider the gravity-driven flow of a thin liquid film down a vertical fibre. A model of two coupled evolution equations for the local film thickness h and the local flow rate q is formulated within the framework of the long-wave and boundary-layer approximations. The model accounts for inertia and streamwise viscous diffusion. Evolution equations obtained by previous authors are recovered in the appropriate limit. Comparisons to experimental results show good agreement in both linear and nonlinear regimes. Viscous diffusion effects are found to have a stabilizing dispersive effect on the linear waves. Time-dependent computations of the spatial evolution of the film reveal a strong influence of streamwise viscous diffusion on the dynamics of the flow and the wave selection process.
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Jørum, Ellen, and Per-Kristian Opstad. "A 4-year follow-up of non-freezing cold injury with cold allodynia and neuropathy in 26 naval soldiers." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 19, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2019-0035.
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Abstract Background and aims Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI), which typically may occur in military personnel, may result from exposure to cold, at temperatures around 0 °C or above, and worsened by wind and moisture. The injury is due to cooling but not freezing of tissue like in frostbite. NFCI may result in in chronic neuropathy and cold hypersensitivity. A recent retrospective study of small-and large fibres has suggested that NFCI results in neuropathic pain due to a sensory neuropathy and question a longitudinal study to verify a possible observation of improvement of NFCI over time. The present study is a 4-year follow-up investigation of large – and small-fibre function in 26 naval cadets and officers who were exposed to cold injury during the same military expedition. Methods The 26 soldiers were investigated clinically (with investigation of motor function, reflexes, sensibility), with nerve conduction studies (NCS) of major nerves in upper- and lower extremity, small fibre testing (QST, measurement of thermal thresholds), measurements of subcutaneous fat tissue and maximal O2 uptake. Investigations found place 2 months following the actual military expedition, with follow-up investigations of affected soldiers at 6–12 months and up to 3–4 years. In order to elucidate possible mechanisms (disinhibition of cold pain by myelinated nerve fibres) of cold allodynia, cold pain thresholds were measured following an ischemic block of conduction of large and small myelinated nerve fibres. Results Of 26 soldiers, 19 complained of numbness in feet and a large majority of 16 of cold hypersensitivity 2 months following injury. There were significant alterations of both large- and small-fibre function, indicating a general large- and small-fibre neuropathy. The most prominent finding was a pronounced cold allodynia, inversely correlated with the amount of subcutaneous fat. During the first year, results of NCS and thermal testing gradually normalized in most. Seven soldiers developed chronic symptoms in the form of cold hypersensitivity and with findings of cold allodynia, which was not further enhanced, but abolished following block of conduction of myelinated nerve fibres. Seven soldiers were free of symptoms from that start of the investigation, probably because they had been more eager to keep their legs moving during the exposure to cold. Conclusions Of a total of 26 soldiers, only seven developed chronic symptoms of cold hypersensitivity, corresponding to the finding of cold allodynia by thermal testing. The cold allodynia may not be explained by disinhibition of cold pain by myelinated fibres as in healthy subjects. A large majority recovered from an initial large-and small fibre neuropathy, demonstrating that recovery from NFCI may occur. Implications Although large-and small fibre neuropathy may be restored following cold injury, there is a risk of a permanent and disabling cold hypersensitivity, corresponding to the findings of cold allodynia. It is of uttermost importance to secure military personnel from the risk of cold injuries. It seems important to avoid immobilisation of extremities during exposure to cold.
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NISHIKAWA, H., and P. J. SMITH. "The Recovery of Sensation and Function after Cross-Finger Flaps for Fingertip Injury." Journal of Hand Surgery 17, no. 1 (February 1992): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(92)90023-u.
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Over a five-year period, 54 patients had cross-finger flaps at Mount Vernon Hospital for single fingertip injuries. A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the recovery of sensation and function. 92% of the patients were satisfied with the result although 53% suffered cold sensitivity. All the cross-finger flaps tested had diminished sweating and a raised threshold for electrical stimulation. Despite the presence of protective sensation, dynamic sensory discrimination and the return of advanced Aβ fibre innervation, none of the cross-finger flaps was found to have recovered tactile gnosis.
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Mello, Ana Caroline Marques Pereira, Rafael Felipe De Almeida, André Marcio Araújo Amorim, and Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira. "Leaf structure in Amorimia and closely related Neotropical genera and implications for their systematics and leaf evolution in Malpighiaceae." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 191, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 102–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz028.
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AbstractAmorimia (Malpighiaceae) was recently segregated from the polyphyletic Mascagnia and placed in the malpighioid clade; identifying new characters based on leaf structure is among the first steps towards a proper generic delimitation of these segregates of Mascagnia. A comprehensive study describing and testing the relevance of leaf-structure characters in the evolution of Amorimia and related Neotropical genera is presented. We sampled all 15 Amorimia spp. and, as outgroups, eight species from the closely related Neotropical genera (Diplopterys, Ectopopterys, Mascagnia, Peixotoa and Stigmaphyllon). We scored 85 structural characters and mapped them on the most recent phylogenetic tree recovered for the genera. The presence of druses in the palisade parenchyma, the position of fibres alongside the vascular bundle and the occurrence of fibre blocks near the margin of the leaf blade were recovered as anatomical synapomorphies for Amorimia. Our results are a first step towards recovering anatomical and macromorphological synapomorphies for newly identified lineages of Malpighiaceae, such as Amorimia.
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Raclavská, Helena, Hana Škrobánková, Petr Pavlík, and Veronika Sassmanová. "The Properties of Material from Recovered TetraPak Beverage Cartons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 832 (April 2016): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.832.3.
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Energy utilization (pyrolysis) of residue from fibre recycling of used beverage cartons is very important. Identification the optimal technology for separation of aluminium from pyrolytic carbon and assessment of its quality in relationship to the pyrolysis conditions is necessary for recycling of Al. The particles of pyrolytic carbon are not pure carbon, they contain only from 65 to 83 % of carbon, the rest in ash coming from sorting and collection of waste (glass, porcelain). Process of pyrolysis and/or utilization of charge reactor influenced the chemical composition of Al particles by carbon enrichment at the rim of particles up to 30 % leading to decrease of reactivity of Al surface.
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Nzioka, Antony Mutua, Cao Zheng Yan, Myung-Gyun Kim, Ye-Jin Sim, Chang-Soo Lee, and Young-Ju Kim. "Improvement of the chemical recycling process of waste carbon fibre reinforced plastics using a mechanochemical process: Influence of process parameters." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 10 (August 1, 2018): 952–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18790351.
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We present the experimental results of an optimal recycling method for waste carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) that is based on the application of a set of unit mechanochemical processes. The objectives of this study were to highlight the influence of process factors that are inherent in the chemical recycling process of waste CFRP. We investigated the influence of the soaking period, the application of a catalyst and impurities on the recycling process and recovery efficiency of the waste CFRP. Different combinations of the unit mechanochemical processes were investigated, and the effectiveness of the combination was analysed. The chemical recycling process was conducted using benzyl alcohol under ordinary pressure at initial solvent temperatures lower/equivalent to its flash point temperature. Experimental results showed that the solvent temperature increased up to boiling temperature levels when the mechanochemical process was initiated, thereby enhancing the mechanochemical process. The presence of impurities did not influence the recovery rate. Likewise, this experimental study highlighted the importance of accounting for the soaking period during the chemical recycling process: an extended soaking period resulted in a higher recovery rate, a lower portion of undissolved solids and recovered fibres of better quality. This research highlighted the significance of choosing the proper combination for the chemical recycling process as well as the benefits of recycling the waste CFRP with negligible application of the catalyst.
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Maltin, C. A., K. D. Sinclair, P. D. Warriss, C. M. Grant, A. D. Porter, M. I. Delday, and C. C. Warkup. "The effects of age at slaughter, genotype and finishing system on the biochemical properties, muscle fibre type characteristics and eating quality of bull beef from suckled calves." Animal Science 66, no. 2 (April 1998): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009462.
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AbstractMuscle fibre characteristics and biochemical properties of muscle recovered from young bulls of two genotypes (Aberdeen Angus × and Charolais ×), reared on two different diets (silage-based and barley-based) and slaughtered at varying ages between 10 and 19 months of age were established. These analyses were restricted to samples ofm. longissimus lumborum (LI) recovered at 48 h post mortem, vacuum packed and stored at 2°C for 14 days. Biochemical measurements included intramuscular fat content, intramuscular collagen content and its solubility, haem pigment concentration, sarcomere length and myofibril fragmentation. Muscle fibre type was classified according to the contractile nature of thefibres and their metabolic properties.Intramuscular fat content increased (P < 0·01) with age at slaughter and at a fixed age was greater for Angus × than Charolais × bulls (211·5 v. 295·8 mg/g dry matter, P < 0·01). Total intramuscular collagen and its solubility tended to decrease with age (P < 0·01). Differences in haem pigment concentration in samples of LI were detected between genotype (3·99 v. 3·59 mg/g for Angus × and Charolais × bulls; P × 0·01) and diet (3·97 v. 3·62 mg/g for bulls given barley and silage; P < 0·01), and increased with age at slaughter (P < 0·01). There was a significant increase in eye muscle cross-sectional area with increasing slaughter date (P < 0·01) and this was paralleled by an increase in cross-sectional area of individual muscle fibres (P < 0·001). Differences in cross-sectional area of individual muscle fibres between genotype and diet were small and inconsistent. Charolais × bulls had a greater percentage area of fast twitch glycolytic fibres than Angus × bulls (54·3 v. 49·3%; P < 0·01) and a smaller percentage area of slow twitch oxidative fibres (15·8 v. 18·9%; P < 0·05). Beef tenderness was positively correlated (r = 0·48; P < 0·01) with the frequency of slow twitch oxidative fibres and negatively correlated (r = -0·38; P < 0·05) with the frequency offast twitch glycolytic fibres.
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Vidinejevs, Sergejs, and Andrey Aniskevich. "The system of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics micro-tubes for self-healing of glass fibre-reinforced plastics laminates." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 12 (August 17, 2016): 1717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316665898.
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A system of pultruded carbon fibre-reinforced plastics micro-tubes is used for self-healing simulation in laminated polymer composite. The system consists of a package of micro-tubes, placed in the symmetry plane of the GFR/epoxy laminate stack. Healing agent is a mixture of the epoxy resin and hardener. The healing agent releases and penetrates into the cracks after the composite is damaged by the quasi-static indentation. The specimens are healed at 30℃ for 24 h. Rectangular specimens notched under ASTM D2733 have been subjected to tensile test to determine interlaminar shear strength. Shear strength of specimens has been compared in three states (virgin, damaged and healed) for various ways of healing. After the most effective self-healing, the interlaminar shear strength has been recovered to 70 ± 15% of those for virgin specimens that almost twice exceeds the residual strength of the damaged specimens.
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Bensaci, Hamza, Belkacem Menadi, and Said Kenai. "Comparison of some Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete Composites Containing Rubber and Steel Fibers Recovered from Waste Tires." Nano Hybrids and Composites 24 (February 2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.24.8.
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This paper reports on an experimental investigation using either rubber aggregates or steel fibres recycled from waste tires in the production of self-consolidating concrete composite (SCCC). Ten mixes are designed, one of them is the reference concrete. The natural aggregates are substituted by rubber particles by volume at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30%. Recycled steel fibres are separately added to SCC mixes at volume fraction of 0.5, 0.8, 1 and 1.5%. The tested rheological properties of SCCC are slump flow diameter, T500 slump flow time, V-funnel flow time, L-box ratio, and the segregation resistance test. The compressive strength, the flexural strength, and total shrinkage are also measured on the 28 days. The experimental results show that the addition of recycled steel fibre is favorable for the SCC by means of increasing the flexural strength and reducing the shrinkage and the risk of cracking. Keywords: Self-consolidating concrete composite; Waste tires; Rubber; Steel fibers; Rheology, Strength
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Bütün Buschalsky, Fahriye Yağmur, and Carsten Mai. "Drainage in a Screw Press and Utilization of the Recovered Fibres after Thermo-Hydrolytic Disintegration of Waste Fibreboards." Recent Progress in Materials 03, no. 03 (March 15, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2103029.
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A thermo-hydrolytic disintegration process qualifies as a promising option for recycling the waste MDF and preserving the fibrous morphology of the recovered lignocellulosic fibre material. This study aims to include a drainage process between the thermo-hydrolytic disintegration and the further utilization of the recovered fibres (RF) obtained using a screw press for removing the disintegration water (DW). In this context, the chemical properties of the RF (pH, nitrogen content, formaldehyde emissions) and the DW (pH, formaldehyde, reducing sugars and equivalents and nitrogen contents) were analyzed. Moreover, the RF material was utilized to produce recycled MDF panels, solely containing the RF (100%) and hence supplanting 50% of the virgin fibres (VF). The recycled MDF portrayed significant reductions in the internal bond strength (IB), and flexural properties (MOR, MOE): in the case of MDF made from 100% recycled fibres, about half the strength was reduced, and in the case of MDF made from 50% recycled fibres, the strength was reduced by 20-25%. The Thickness swelling (TS) of the recycled MDF panels was similar, while the water uptake (WA) was higher than that of the original MDF. The recycled MDF panels also exhibited a higher content of formaldehyde and emission. The findings recommend the application of a screw press process for prompter drainage of the RF and to utilize the RF obtained in combination with the VF to achieve adequate mechanical properties rather than using the RF separately for the manufacturing of the recycled MDF panels.
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Sharmin, Nusrat, Andrew J. Parsons, Chris D. Rudd, and Ifty Ahmed. "Effect of boron oxide addition on fibre drawing, mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour of phosphate-based glass fibres with fixed 40, 45 and 50 mol% P2O5." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 29, no. 5 (June 17, 2014): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328214539824.
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Previous studies investigating manufacture of phosphate-based glass fibres from glasses fixed with P2O5 content less than 50 mol% showed that continuous manufacture without breakage was very difficult. In this study, nine phosphate-based glass formulations from the system P2O5-CaO-Na2O-MgO-B2O3 were prepared with P2O5 contents fixed at 40, 45 and 50 mol%, where Na2O was replaced by 5 and 10 mol% B2O3 and MgO and CaO were fixed to 24 and 16 mol%, respectively. The effect of B2O3 addition on the fibre drawing, fibre mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour was investigated. It was found that addition of 5 and 10 mol% B2O3 enabled successful drawing of continuous fibres from glasses with phosphate (P2O5) contents fixed at 40, 45 and 50 mol%. The mechanical properties of the fibres were found to significantly increase with increasing B2O3 content. The highest tensile strength (1200 ± 130 MPa) was recorded for 45P2O5-16CaO-5Na2O-24MgO-10B2O3 glass fibres. The fibres were annealed, and a comparison of the mechanical properties and mode of degradation of annealed and non-annealed fibres were investigated. A decrease in tensile strength and an increase in tensile modulus were observed for the annealed fibres. An assessment of the change in mechanical properties of both the annealed and non-annealed fibres was performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37℃ for 28 and 60 days, respectively. Initial loss of mechanical properties due to annealing was found to be recovered with degradation. The B2O3-containing glass fibres were found to degrade at a much slower rate as compared to the non-B2O3-containing fibres. Both annealed and non-annealed fibres exhibited a peeling effect of the fibre's outer layer during degradation.
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Kamble, Zunjarrao, and Bijoya Kumar Behera. "Mechanical properties and water absorption characteristics of composites reinforced with cotton fibres recovered from textile waste." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502090153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020901530.
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The primary aim of this research is to develop thermoset composites reinforced with cotton fibres extracted from textile waste. These composites are mainly targeted to replace timber in its application for furniture items and in some visible and non-visible automotive components. The pre-consumer cotton textile wastes such as cutting waste, in garment manufacturing, and defective fabrics were converted into the fibrous form called ‘shoddy’, using rag-tearing technique. The fibrous web of shoddy was produced using the carding machine. This web was used for developing thermoset composites as a reinforcement material. The thermoset composites with four different fibre volume fraction values, namely 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 were developed using compression moulding technique. The developed composites were characterised by mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal degradation behaviour and water absorption behaviour. The mechanical properties of the composites were found comparable with that of commercial wood. These composites can be used to develop a dashboard panel. The composites developed in this research have shown low water diffusion coefficient values as compared with pine, oak and linden wood.
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Ferguson, E. M., J. Slevin, M. G. Hunter, S. A. Edwards, and C. J. Ashworth. "Beneficial effects of a high fibre diet on oocyte maturity and embryo survival in gilts." Reproduction 133, no. 2 (February 2007): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0018.
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The present study examined the effects of feeding gilts a high fibre diet from the third post-pubertal oestrus until either day 19 of the same cycle or insemination at the following oestrus on oocyte maturity, embryo survival and associated changes in reproductive hormone concentrations. Gilts fed with the high fibre diet had lower circulating oestradiol concentrations on days 17, 18 and 19 of the cycle and increased LH pulse frequency on day 18. More oocytes recovered on day 19 from gilts receiving the high fibre diet were at metaphase II after 46-h culture in medium containing 10% of their own follicular fluid, despite fewer large (>7 mm) follicles in these gilts when compared with control animals. There was no effect of diet on ovulation rate, corpora lutea size or progesterone concentrations on days 10–12 after insemination, but embryo survival on days 27–29 after insemination was higher in gilts that received the high fibre diet. This study demonstrates that a high fibre diet that increases embryo survival also improves oocyte maturity and provides information on endocrine correlates that may shed light on underlying mechanisms.
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Wang, Z. Z., T. Zsirai, K. Connery, M. Fabiyi, A. Larrea, J. Li, and S. J. Judd. "Biomass properties and permeability in an immersed hollow fibre membrane bioreactor at high sludge concentrations." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 11 (March 28, 2014): 2324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.142.
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This study aimed to investigate the influence of biomass properties and high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations on membrane permeability in a pilot-scale hollow fibre membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater. Auxiliary molasses solution was added to maintain system operation at constant food-to-microorganisms ratio (F/M = 0.13). Various physicochemical and biological biomass parameters were measured throughout the trial, comprising pre-thickening, thickening and post-thickening periods with reference to the sludge concentration and with aerobic biotreatment continuing throughout. Correlations between dynamic changes in biomass characteristics and membrane permeability decline as well as permeability recovery were further assessed by statistical analyses. Results showed the MLSS concentration to exert the greatest influence on sustainable membrane permeability, with a weaker correlation with particle size distribution. The strong dependence of absolute recovered permeability on wet accumulated solids (WACS) concentration, or clogging propensity, revealed clogging to deleteriously affect membrane permeability decline and recovery (from mechanical declogging and chemical cleaning), with WACS levels increasing with increasing MLSS. Evidence from the study indicated clogging may permanently reduce membrane permeability post declogging and chemical cleaning, corroborating previously reported findings.
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Hayashi, Kumiko, Hiroshi Hara, Patchana Asvarujanon, Yoritaka Aoyama, and Pairojana Luangpituksa. "Ingestion of insoluble dietary fibre increased zinc and iron absorption and restored growth rate and zinc absorption suppressed by dietary phytate in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 86, no. 4 (October 2001): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001417.
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We examined the effects of ingestion of five types of insoluble fibre on growth and Zn absorption in rats fed a marginally Zn-deficient diet (6·75 mg (0·103 mmol) Zn/kg diet) with or without added sodium phytate (12·6 mmol/kg diet). The types of insoluble fibre tested were corn husks, watermelon skin, yam-bean root (Pachyrhizus erosus) and pineapple core, and cellulose was used as a control (100 g/kg diet). Body-weight gain in the cellulose groups was suppressed by 57 % by feeding phytate. Body-weight gain in phytate-fed rats was 80 % greater in the watermelon skin fibre and yam-bean root fibre group than that in the cellulose group. Zn absorption ratio in the cellulose groups was lowered by 46 and 70 % in the first (days 7–10) and second (days 16–19) measurement periods with feeding phytate. In the rats fed the phytate-containing diets, Zn absorption ratio in the watermelon skin, yam-bean root and pineapple core fibre groups was 140, 80 and 54 % higher respectively than that in the cellulose group, in the second period. Fe absorption was not suppressed by phytate, however, feeding of these three types of fibre promoted Fe absorption in rats fed phytate-free diets. The concentration of soluble Zn in the caecal contents in the watermelon skin fibre or yam-bean root fibre groups was identical to that in the control group in spite of a higher short-chain fatty acid concentration and lower pH in the caecum. These findings indicate that ingestion of these types of insoluble fibre recovered the growth and Zn absorption suppressed by feeding a high level of phytate, and factors other than caecal fermentation may also be involved in this effect of insoluble fibre.
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Goldberg, Elizabeth Ann. "Recent Analyses of Fibre Perishables from Promontory Caves, UT." COMPASS 2, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/comp50.
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Recent analyses of the Promontory Caves assemblages by Ives and colleagues (Billinger and Ives 2015; Hallson 2017; Ives 2014; Ives et al. 2014; Reilly 2015) have renewed interest in Julian Steward’s (1937) hypothesis that the thirteenth century inhabitants of the Promontory Caves have ties to Northern Dene language-speakers, thus shedding new light on Dene migration and Apachean origins. These studies have largely focused on the similarities between Northern Dene and Promontory moccasins, but other artifact classes—namely fibre perishables—have yet to be examined. This paper synthesizes conclusions drawn from the author’s prior research into matting and cordage recovered from the Promontory Caves in comparison to a neighboring Fremont cordage assemblage from the site of Lakeside Cave, with some suggestive differences emerging from material, structure, and knot types. These preliminary results suggest avenues for future comparative analyses of the Promontory perishable artifacts.
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Santo, Loredana, Fabrizio Quadrini, Denise Bellisario, and Luigi Ciampoli. "Self-Repairing Behavior of Shape Memory Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.543.
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A shape memory composite plate has been produced by adding a shape memory interlayer between two carbon-fibre epoxy-matrix prepregs. A Small plate has been obtained which was used for testing under bending at different rates up to the final failure. The first test was performed at low rate and final damage was recovered by heating. A second bending test was performed on the self-repaired plate at high rate. As a result, a good shape recovery after damaging has been observed and a fairly good residual stiffness was measured. The residual stiffness after shape recovery was about 80% and the composite plate was able to withstand a second test at higher rate (with a residual strength about 40%). Results show that it is possible to combine shape recovery of shape memory polymers with structural properties of composite materials: the goal is producing composite structural
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Aura Tortosa, J. Emili, Guillem Pérez-Jordà, Yolanda Carrión Marco, Joan R. Seguí Seguí, Jesús F. Jordá Pardo, Carles Miret i Estruch, and C. Carlos Verdasco Cebrián. "Cordage, basketry and containers at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary in southwest Europe. Evidence from Coves de Santa Maira (Valencian region, Spain)." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 29, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-019-00758-x.
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Abstract In this study we present evidence of braided plant fibres and basketry imprints on clay recovered from Coves de Santa Maira, a Palaeolithic-Mesolithic cave site located in the Mediterranean region of Spain. The anatomical features of these organic fibre remains were identified in the archaeological material and compared with modern Stipa tenacissima (esparto grass). Based on direct dating, the fragments of esparto cord from our site are the oldest worked plant fibres in Europe. Sixty fragments of fired clay are described. The clay impressions have allowed us to discuss the making of baskets and containers. According to their attributes and their functional interpretation, we have grouped them into five types within two broad categories, hearth plates and baskets or containers. The clay pieces identified as fragments of containers with basketry impressions are less common than those of hearth plate remains and they are concentrated in the Epipalaeolithic occupation material (13.2–10.2 ka cal bp). The clay impressions from Santa Maira indicate that some fibres were treated or flattened, a preparation process that is known from historical and ethnological sources.
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Nzioka, A. M., and Y. J. Kim. "Surface analysis of glass fibres using XPS and AFM: case study of glass fibres recovered from the glass fibre reinforced polymer using chemical recycling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 953 (January 2018): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/953/1/012012.
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Bravo, L., F. Saura-Calixto, and I. Goni. "Effects of dietary fibre and tannins from apple pulp on the composition of faeces in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 67, no. 3 (May 1992): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19920051.
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The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of apple pulp on weight and composition of faeces. This material is rich in dietary fibre (DF;620 g dry matter/kg) and contains appreciable amounts of polyphenols. Recent reports indicate that both condensed tannins (CT) and soluble polyphenols form cross-links with protein and inhibit digestive enzymes, affecting the protein digestibility, and may produce a stimulation of endogenous nitrogen excretion. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on either a control diet free of DF or a diet containing 100 g apple pulp DF/kg during 7 d after a 4 d adaptation period. Body-weight and food intake were monitored daily and faeces and urine were collected once daily. DF, water content and polyphenolic compounds were measured in faeces, and N content in both faeces and urine. Faecal weight increased in the fibre group by 280 and 240% when compared with wet and dry faecal weights of animals fed on the fibre-free diet. Soluble dietary fibre (SDF) excreted in faeces was 10.9% of the SDF ingested, which suggested a low resistance to fermentation of this fraction. Of the insoluble DF, 43% of the ingested fibre was fermented. Polyphenols were degraded in the intestinal tract. Of the ingested CT, 68.6% was recovered in faeces, while the soluble polyphenols were extensively degraded (85.7% of that ingested). On the other hand, a higher faecal N excretion was observed for the fibre-fed group, suggesting a decrease in the digestibility of the dietary protein and lower apparent digestibility and N balance indices.
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Savory, C. J. "Gastrointestinal morphology and absorption of monosaccharides in fowls conditioned to different types and levels of dietary fibre." British Journal of Nutrition 67, no. 1 (January 1992): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19920010.
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To test a possible influence of dietary fibre on intestinal sugar uptake, rates of absorption of 10 mm-d[U-14C] glucose and 10 mm-d-[U-14C] xylose were measured in either jejunum or (distal) caecum, by in vivo lumen perfusion, in immature female fowls preconditioned to a standard diet containing (g/kg) either 0, 100, 200 or 400 added dried grass, 200 powdered cellulose, or 200 grass with a polysaccharidase enzyme supplement. When birds were killed after perfusion, dimensions of (unperfused) parts of their alimentary tracts were determined, and recoveries of 14C radioactivity in some body tissues were compared with measured activities absorbed. On average, absorption of glucose was 1·9 and 1·2 times faster than xylose in jejunum and caecum respectively, although these differences varied with dietary treatment and order of perfusion. Increasing grass in the diet caused significant changes in xylose absorption rate in both jejunum and caecum, but only when it was perfused before glucose. With any one sugar and intestinal segment, mean rates of absorption were correlated positively with corresponding mean rates of fluid loss from perfusate. Although their influence on sugar absorption was not well defined, the dietary fibre treatments had more pronounced effects on gross dimensions of parts of the alimentary tract and, hence, potentially on total rates of absorption. Compared with the basal diet, addition of 100, 200 or 400 g grass/kg or 200 g cellulose/kg caused significant increases in small intestine length while 200 g grass/kg with supplementary enzyme did not, and combined caecal length increased with the 400 g grass/kg and the supplementary enzyme treatments. Absorbed 14C activity was recovered in plasma after jejunal perfusions but not caecal ones, whereas it was recovered in liver and in the flushed perfused segment after both types of perfusion. Since there was overlap in absorption rates between jejunum and caecum, this result suggests that the liver may be able to distinguish and treat differently compounds absorbed in the two regions.
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Jincy P.J., Anita Das Ravindranath2, and U.S. Sarma. "Ecofriendly Organosolv Process for Pulping of Tender Coconut Fibre." CORD 31, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v31i1.64.
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The huge biomass generated by vendors of tender coconut is the broken husks refuse dumped along roads and highways in Kerala. These dumps become breeding grounds for diseased causing germs and carrier mosquitoes causing threat to human life. In order to avoid pollution and find use of the rejected biomass of tender husks, a study was carried out on pulping of tender coconut husk fibre which could be used for papermaking. The optimum pulping condition, the quality of the pulp and its yield was evaluated using different variables like time and temperature. It was observed that the organosolv process could efficiently remove lignin from the tender coconut fibre yielding maximum cellulose. During the traditional pulping processes such as Kraft pulping to isolate the cellulose fibers for the production of paper, the hemicellulose and lignin fractions are degraded, limiting their valorization possibilities. Organosolv pulping has been advocated as the environmentally benign version of the kraft process. Unlike other pretreatment methods, organic solvents can easily be recycled and reused. The lignin dissolved by organosolv pulping is easily recovered by dilution and is unsulphonated and relatively unmodified. Products like handmade paper, egg cartons, handicraft items, garden articles like paper pots could be made from the organasolv pulp of tender coconut husk fibre.
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Reid, W., P. Achtert, N. Ivchenko, P. Magnusson, T. Kuremyr, V. Shepenkov, and G. Tibert. "Technical Note: A novel rocket-based in situ collection technique for mesospheric and stratospheric aerosol particles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 3 (March 19, 2013): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-777-2013.
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Abstract. A technique for collecting aerosol particles between altitudes of 17 and 85 km is described. Spin-stabilized collection probes are ejected from a sounding rocket allowing for multi-point measurements. Each probe is equipped with 110 collection samples that are 3 mm in diameter. The collection samples are one of three types: standard transmission electron microscopy carbon grids, glass fibre filter paper or silicone gel. Collection samples are exposed over a 50 m to 5 km height range with a total of 45 separate ranges. Post-flight electron microscopy will give size-resolved information on particle number, shape and elemental composition. Each collection probe is equipped with a suite of sensors to capture the probe's status during the fall. Parachute recovery systems along with GPS-based localization will ensure that each probe can be located and recovered for post-flight analysis.
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Reid, W., P. Achtert, N. Ivchenko, P. Magnusson, T. Kuremyr, V. Shepenkov, and G. Tibert. "A novel rocket-based in-situ collection technique for mesospheric and stratospheric aerosol particles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 6 (November 5, 2012): 8161–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8161-2012.
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Abstract. A technique for collecting aerosol particles between altitudes of 85 and 17 km is described. Collection probes are ejected from a sounding rocket allowing for multi-point measurements. Each probe is equipped with 110 collection samples that are 3 mm in diameter. The collection samples are one of three types: standard transmission electron microscopy carbon grids, glass fibre filter paper or silicone gel. Each collection sample is exposed over a 50 m to 5 km height range with a total of 45 separate ranges. Post-flight electron microscopy gives size-resolved information on particle number, shape and elemental composition. Each collection probe is equipped with a suite of sensors to capture the probe's status during the fall. Parachute recovery systems along with GPS-based localization ensure that each probe can be located and recovered for post-flight analysis.
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Sheikh, Shamim A. "Field and laboratory performance of bridge columns repaired with wrapped glass-fibre-reinforced-polymer sheets." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-112.
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Several bridge columns, in which concrete was delaminated as a result of steel corrosion, were repaired in the mid 1990s. Different types of grout, including one based on expansive cement, were used to rebuild the damaged columns to their original shape; the columns were then wrapped with glass-fibre-reinforced polymers (GFRPs). The associated lab study indicated that the observed damage caused a reduction of about 20% in the axial-load-carrying capacity of the columns and much larger reductions in ductility and energy-dissipating capacity. The experimental results also showed that the strength and ductility of the columns could be recovered by repairing them with GFRP. Long-term monitoring of three columns repaired in the field using GFRP has indicated their excellent performance. No deterioration has been observed in the fibre-reinforced polymer or in the columns in more than 10 years. Monitoring has also shown a reduction in the rate and associated risk of corrosion over time; thus, this is a more durable retrofitting technique than traditional ones, such as steel jacketing.Key words: concrete, columns, corrosion, cyclic loading, ductility, expansive cement, glass-fibre-reinforced polymers, monitoring, repair, strength.
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Beauson, Justine, Hans Lilholt, and Povl Brøndsted. "Recycling solid residues recovered from glass fibre-reinforced composites – A review applied to wind turbine blade materials." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 33, no. 16 (June 9, 2014): 1542–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684414537131.
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Monkman, Sean, and Yixin Shao. "Integration of carbon sequestration into curing process of precast concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 2 (February 2010): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-140.
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The feasibility of integrating carbon sequestration into the curing of precast concrete products was investigated. Research assessed the CO2 uptake capacities of carbonation-cured concrete masonry units (CMU), concrete pavers, fibreglass-mesh reinforced cement board, cellulose-fibre board, and ladle slag fines. Three curing systems were used: (i) an open-inlet system using pressurized recovered CO2; (ii) a closed system using pressurized flue gas with 14% CO2; and (iii) a closed system using dilute CO2 under atmospheric pressure. The amount of carbon dioxide that could be sequestered in the annual North American output of the various precast concrete products was estimated. The net efficiency was calculated accounting for CO2 emissions penalty resulting from the capture, compression, and potential transport of the curing gases. Carbonation curing of the considered products could result in a net annual CO2 sequestration in US and Canada of approximately 1.8 million tonnes if recovered CO2 is used and one million tonnes if flue gas is used.
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Zhang, L., Z. Fan, Y. Han, L. Xu, J. Luo, J. Li, and H. Wang. "Changes in facial nerve function, morphology and neurotrophic factor expression in response to three types of nerve injury." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 3 (November 25, 2009): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109991733.
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AbstractObjective:To study the changes in facial nerve function, morphology and neurotrophic factor 3 expression in response to three types of nerve injury.Materials and methods:Changes in facial nerve function (in terms of blink reflex, vibrissae movement and position of nasal tip) were assessed in 45 rats in response to three types of nerve injury: partial section of the extratemporal segment (group one); partial section of the facial canal segment (group two); and complete transection of the facial canal segment (group three). All facial nerves were then dissected out from the sacrificed animals, on the first, seventh or 21st post-operative day, and the injured segment bisected for subsequent analysis. Morphological change and neurotrophic factor 3 expression in these facial nerve segments were evaluated by means of improved trichrome staining and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively.Results:Facial nerve function was more severely damaged and recovery was slower in group two compared with group one, although the facial nerve injury had been identical at the two sites involved. In group three (complete facial canal transection), scattered degenerative fibres were observed at the transection site on the seventh post-operative day. The number of degenerated fibres, assessed on the seventh post-operative day, was markedly increased in group two compared with group one. On the seventh post-operative day, axonal expression of neurotrophic factor 3 was strongly positive, whereas expression in Schwann cells was only weakly positive.Conclusions:The facial palsy of the group two rats was more severe than that of group one rats, although their facial nerve function had partly recovered on the 21st post-operative day. Fibre degeneration was not only dispersed throughout the injury site but also occurred throughout the length of the nerve. Neurotrophic factor 3 immunoreactivity increased in facial nerve fibres after partial transection.
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Pelling, Ruth. "Garamantian agriculture: the plant remains from Jarma, Fazzan." Libyan Studies 39 (2008): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009997.
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AbstractExcavations at Jarma, associated with the ancient capital of the Garamantes, Garama, in the Fazzan, southern Libya, have recovered a long sequence of charred and desiccated plant remains. The archaeobotanical analysis of the samples have provided an insight into the crop plants cultivated by the Garamantian period occupants of Jarma, and the nature of crop processing activities, plant use and disposal. A broad range of cereal, fruit and fibre crops have been identified which demonstrate both winter and summer season cultivation in the region from the end of the first millennium BC. A sophisticated arable regime relying on foggara irrigation was practised.
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Hou, Huichi, Xiaochun Ping, Yanfei Zhu, Zengshun Zhao, Yousheng Li, and Jieshou Li. "Dietary fiber alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction in post-trauma rats." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v33i2.12350.
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Background: Damage to the intestinal barrier often occurs following severe trauma. It has been reported that enteral nutrition with dietary fiber (DF) could mitigate impairment of the intestinal barrier and might therefore be effective in clinical application; however, the conclusions from existing trials are controversial and the nature of the protective mechanism is far from clear. This study investigated the protective mechanism of dietary fiber on intestinal barrier in rats under bilateral closed femur fracture. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control without any manipulation, trauma control with normal feeding, DF and dietary fiber-free (NF) groups fed with Nutrison Fibre and Nutrison, respectively. The later two groups were further divided into 1, 4, 7 and 10 days post-trauma groups. Results: The trauma caused body weight decline, promoted bacterial translocation, and decreased immune function. The levels of portal vein endoxin in DF group was significantly lower than in NF group (p=0.013). Levers of both serum TNF-α and IL-6 on post-trauma day 10 showed no statistical differences between DF and NF groups. The incidence of bacterial translocation recovered to normal in DF group. Only secreted immunoglobulin a (sIgA) levels in DF group was higher than in NF group (p=0.005). Conclusion: Early enteral nutrition with dietary fiber could alleviate damage to intestinal barrier function and decreased the incidence of bacterial translocation caused by trauma and endotoxemia in rats under extra-abdominal trauma.
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Quadir, M. Zakaria, O. Al-Buhamad, and Michael Ferry. "The Mechanical Performance of ARB Fabricated Hybrid Lamellar Composite of Recovered/Recrystallized Al and Precipitation Hardened Al(Sc) Layers." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.481.
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Sheets of commercial purity aluminum and super saturated solid solution of 0.3% Sc were accumulatively roll bonded to form 64 alternating layers in a 0.5 mm thickness. The rolling was done at 350 °C to ensure dynamic recovery/recrystallization in Al layers and precipitation hardening of Al(Sc) layers during the rolling. The sheet crystallographic texture was distributed along β fibre orientations. The recrystallization texture of aluminum layers after annealed at 250-350 °C was randomly distributed. The tensile property of this novel composite has achieved a small improvement over the commercially available grades and delamination between the layers was identified as the key issue to improve in this fabrication technique.
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Mirza, Arshad M., N. A. D. Khattak, M. Iqbal, and G. Murtaza. "Fusion conditions in a finite-thickness gas-puff staged Z-pinch." Journal of Plasma Physics 52, no. 3 (December 1994): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800027197.
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We investigate the implosion of a dense τ-pinch plasma driven by an annular finite-thickness gas-puff Z-pinch. The imploding Z-pinch traps an axial magnetic field Bz, compressing it to large values in an extremely short time. The temporal variation of Bz then induces an azimuthal τ current on the surface of a fibre placed on the axis, with a rise time an order of magnitude shorter than the rise time of the Z-pinch current. Our numerical results demonstrate that, for a thick gas-puff layer, maximum compression occurs before the current peaks.We also find that at peak compression, fuel densities of the order of 1025 cm-3 and temperatures above 10 keV can be achieved on a time scale of the order of 0.1 ns. Thus a Lawson parameter nτ ≈ 1014 s cm-3 for a DT fibre becomes achievable. The snowplough effect in the Z-pinch exercises a stabilization effect on the growth of sausage and Rayleigh—Taylor instabilities. In the limit of a very thin gas-puff layer, previous results are fully recovered.
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Mengüç, Yiğit, Michael Röhrig, Uyiosa Abusomwan, Hendrik Hölscher, and Metin Sitti. "Staying sticky: contact self-cleaning of gecko-inspired adhesives." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 94 (May 6, 2014): 20131205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1205.
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The exceptionally adhesive foot of the gecko remains clean in dirty environments by shedding contaminants with each step. Synthetic gecko-inspired adhesives have achieved similar attachment strengths to the gecko on smooth surfaces, but the process of contact self-cleaning has yet to be effectively demonstrated. Here, we present the first gecko-inspired adhesive that has matched both the attachment strength and the contact self-cleaning performance of the gecko's foot on a smooth surface. Contact self-cleaning experiments were performed with three different sizes of mushroom-shaped elastomer microfibres and five different sizes of spherical silica contaminants. Using a load–drag–unload dry contact cleaning process similar to the loads acting on the gecko foot during locomotion, our fully contaminated synthetic gecko adhesives could recover lost adhesion at a rate comparable to that of the gecko. We observed that the relative size of contaminants to the characteristic size of the microfibres in the synthetic adhesive strongly determined how and to what degree the adhesive recovered from contamination. Our approximate model and experimental results show that the dominant mechanism of contact self-cleaning is particle rolling during the drag process. Embedding of particles between adjacent fibres was observed for particles with diameter smaller than the fibre tips, and further studied as a temporary cleaning mechanism. By incorporating contact self-cleaning capabilities, real-world applications of synthetic gecko adhesives, such as reusable tapes, clothing closures and medical adhesives, would become feasible.
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Glitsø, L. V., W. M. Mazur, H. Adlercreutz, K. Wähälä, T. Mäkelä, B. Sandström, and K. E. Bach Knudsen. "Intestinal metabolism of rye lignans in pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 84, no. 4 (October 2000): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500001732.
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To study the intestinal metabolism of lignans, the concentrations of plant and mammalian lignans in intestinal digesta sampled along the intestinal tract of pigs were determined by isotope dilution GC–MS. The pigs were fed rye-bread diets made from either whole rye-grains or rye-grain milling fractions enriched in pericarp–testa, aleurone or endosperm cells. The content and characteristics of dietary fibre varied between diets and had been shown to induce different colon fermentation patterns. As the metabolism of lignans depends on the action of the intestinal flora, we tested whether the rye-bread diets influence the metabolism of lignans. In the ileum, the lignans were mainly present as conjugated plant lignans, which were determined only when the analytical procedure included a hydrolysis step. High recovery of dietary lignans in the ileum may indicate that the lignans enter the enterohepatic circulation. In addition, two to three times the intake of lignans were recovered in the faeces when the diets had a high content of dietary fibre suggesting underestimation of plant lignans in the diet. Most of the plant lignans disappeared from the intestinal tract between the terminal ileum and the caecum. The intestinal concentrations and the disappearance of lignans correlated with the content of lignans in the diet, being highest on the pericarp–testa diet and lowest on the endosperm diet. No effect of fermentation pattern on the intestinal metabolism of lignans was observed. The lignans were liberated from the pericarp–testa diet although the plant cell walls remained largely undegraded.
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Liu, Yongliang, Gary R. Gamble, and Devron Thibodeaux. "Assessment of Recovered Cotton Fibre and Trash Contents in Lint Cotton Waste by Ultraviolet/Visible/Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 18, no. 4 (January 2010): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.890.
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Skrotzki, Werner, K. Kegler, R. Tamm, and C. G. Oertel. "Recrystallization of Iron Aluminides." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.525.
Full textAbstract:
Cast iron aluminides of three compositions were strongly deformed by hot extrusion and subsequently annealed. The texture development and kinetics of recrystallization were determined by local and global texture measurements. The deformation texture of Fe-10Al (A2 structure) is a <110>-fibre, Fe-35Al and Fe-50Al (B2 structure) show a <100>-<110> double fibre texture with <110> dominating Fe-35Al. The texture change with composition is due to a change in slip system. The deformed samples are partially dynamically recrystallized. The recrystallization components are aligned along the symmetry line <100>- <110> and towards <114> for Fe-10Al. For the other alloys the recrystallization texture is <111> with a tendency to <112>. The texture components do not change during static recrystallization. In general, the recrystallization texture is quite weak. The microstructure is very inhomogeneous ranging from deformed, strongly recovered to recrystallized areas. Beside primary recrystallization abnormal grain growth takes place. The heterogeneity of recrystallization makes it difficult to quantify the kinetics of recrystallization. The results are discussed with respect to the order of the alloys.