Journal articles on the topic 'Records Management Study and teaching Zambia'
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1
Mwanza, B., and S. N. Kanyimba. "ACUTE POISONING IN THE COMMUNITY AND ITS ASSOCIATED MORTALITY AT THE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, LUSAKA, ZAMBIA." Medical Journal of Zambia 44, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.44.1.60.
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Background: Acute poisoning is a common event in the community. Despite the high prevalence of acute poisoning in the community, there are very few studies done on the subject in Zambia. Lack of research on acute poisoning has resulted in lack of information on the pattern of poisoning, morbidity, mortality and pitfalls in management.
Methods: A retrospective study of cases of acute poisoning presenting at the University Teaching Hospital during the period 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015 was conducted. A total of 131 case records were reviewed. Demographic information, information on the type of poisoning, presenting clinical features, case management and outcome was extracted from the medical records. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical data. All statistical tests were at 5% significance level. The Pearson’s chi squared test was used for comparison of proportions between groups.
Results: Of the 131 cases reviewed, 67 were female (51%). The age group 20-39 years had the highest frequency of poisoning (50%). The majority of cases (59%) occurred in individuals of low socio-economic status. The most frequently taken poisons were organophosphates (38%). Other commonly used agents included household chemicals and medicines. The majority of cases were due to suicide attempt, and there were only 5 cases of accidental poisoning. Of the cases where due to self-poisoning with intent to cause self-harm. The reasons for self-harm behaviour were given in 115 cases, and 71 (62%) of these were due to interpersonal conflicts arising from disharmony in relationships. The rest were due to various psychological disorders including depressive illness. No reason for self-harm was indicated in 16 cases. The majority of cases (86%) recovered without any complications. Mortality rate was 5%.
Conclusion: Most cases of poisoning with the intent of self-harm occur in individuals who are vulnerable to stress. A variety of chemical agents are ingested, with the organophosphates being the group of chemicals taken more often than other groups of chemicals. The majority of cases are intentional with very few poisoning cases being accidental. Most cases have good prognosis and the majority recover without any sequelae. Mortality from acute poisoning cases seen at the University Teaching Hospital is low.
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Mutembo, Hilgard, B. B. D. Sonkwe, and C. J. Munthali. "Presentation, Management and Short-Term Outcomes of Extradural Spinal Tumours at The University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 45, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.45.2.138.
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Objectives: To investigate the clinical presentation of patients with extradural spinal tumours and establish the factors that determined the treatment they received and outline the outcomes of that treatment at the University Teaching Hospital between January 2013 and December 2016.
Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of the presentation, management and short- term outcome of extradural spinal tumours at the University Teaching Hospital. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from patients' hospital records. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 software.
Results: Of the 62 patients in the study,34 were female and 28 male. The age range was 14 to 87 years, with a mean of 55.03. Backache (93.8%), Limb weakness (91.9%), loss of sensation (50%), urine and stool incontinence (43.5% and 41.9% respectively), back deformity (11.3%), night pain (85.5%), weight loss(67.7%), poor appetite (61.3%), fever (35.5%) and night sweats(29%) were common symptoms. Sixty-eight percent of patients were bedridden. Visual Analogue Scale scores were greater than 5 in 84% of patients. A muscle power grade of 3 or less (n=48), impaired muscle tone (n=38), abnormal reflexes (n=52), presence of a sensory level(n=37) and back deformity (n=17) were common signs. Plain radiography, Computed Tomography Scans, Magnetic Resonance Scans and Tecnetium Bone scans were done in 60, 35, 17 and 2 patients respectively. The commonest surgical host category was A (64%). Secondary Extradural Spinal Tumours comprised 82% while 18% were primary. Surgery was done in 14 patients with 1 failing to afford implants. Forty-eight received nonsurgical treatment. Nineteen percent of patients had improved pain scores but the rest remained the same or worsened after treatment. Complications included decubitus ulcers, Urinary Tract Infection, Deep Veinous Thrombosis, pneumonia, sepsis and joint stiffness. Fourty patients died and eighteen patients were lost to follow-up.
Conclusions: The ages of patients followed normal distribution with female to male ratio of 1.2 to 1. Most patients presented with symptoms and signs of advanced disease. The type of extradural spinal tumour, stage of disease, completeness of diagnostic workup, availability of implants, need for tissue diagnosis, type of surgical host and availability of nonsurgical treatment modality determined the choice of treatment. Poor outcomes in quantity and quality of life are a reflection of the late presentation, delayed diagnosis, lack of resources and difficulty of treating these tumours. Extradural spinal tumours are not uncommon and cause significant morbidity and mortality in those affected.
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Chakana, Collins, J. Kinnear, and D. Bould. "Anaesthetic Related Peri-Operative Complications During Caesarean Delivery at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.4.344.
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Background: Caesarean deliveries are increasingly performed at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, with a 2012 audit report indicating a rate of 17.8%.The procedure is a major surgical intervention and results in higher morbidity than vaginal delivery. Part of this morbidity and mortality during caesarean delivery is that resulting from the anaesthesia relating to the surgery. However, information on the extent of anaesthetic related complications associated with caesarean deliveries in low resource settings such as at UTH is lacking. This study endeavored to explore this aspect. Objective: To determine the frequency of anaesthetic related perioperative complications during caesarean delivery at the UTH, Lusaka, Zambia Study Design: A prospective observational study documenting the anaesthetic related complications in women undergoing caesarean delivery at UTH. 246 consecutive parturients undergoing caesarean deliveries were enrolled in the study. Methodology: All women who presented for caesarean delivery at UTH in Lusaka, Zambia from January 12, 2014 to July 12, 2014 and met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Information on the patient and her management was obtained from the patient’s medical records. Participants were followed up from the time they were taken into theatre, during the procedure until the time they left the recovery room post operatively, and any complication observed was documented. Hypotension, possible aspiration, failed intubation, conversion from spinal to general anaesthesia, severe hypoxemia and death were the main outcome measures. A descriptive analysis was performed. All significant variables were included in the final multivariable logistic model. All tests were set at 95% confidence interval (CI) and a P- value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No mortality was recorded out of the 246 parturients enrolled for the study. The average age was 28 years.Thirty-four cases (13.8%) received general anaesthetic while 212 cases (86.2%) had spinal anaesthetic. Obstructed labour 79 cases (32.1%) and previous caesarean sections 68 cases (27.6%) were among the indications for caesarean deliveries. Perioperative complications recorded included, 172 cases (69.9%) of hypotension, 6 cases (11.1%) had failed intubation, 5cases (9.3%) possibly aspirated, 20 cases (9.4%) had failed spinal technique needing conversion to general anaesthetic, 6 cases (3.1%) had high spinal block. Severe hypoxemia intraoperatively and postoperatively was noted in 16 cases (6.5%) and 7 cases (2.8%) respectively. There were no statistically significant associations among the complications with age of parturients, ASA status, grade of anaesthetist, category of caesarean sections, indication for caesarean sections or gestational age. Conclusion: There are many anaesthetic related complications during caesarean sections occurring at UTH. Future studies are needed to solely look into factors contributing to each of the complication at UTH.
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Masaiti, Gift, Kennedy Mwila, Cecilia Kulyambanino, and Tommie Njobvu. "Faculty productivity in Zambian higher education in the face of internationalization: Unpacking research, publication and citation at the University of Zambia." Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 5, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v5i1.153.
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This paper is based on a study that aimed at examining and interrogating the extent of faculty productivity in Zambia in terms of research, publication and citation with specific reference to the University of Zambia (UNZA). The paper invokes the Network Theory of Internationalisation of Higher Education founded by Johanson & Mattsson (1988).The research design used in this article is a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. The sample size total was 254, of which 244 were academic staff and 10 were key informants from management. Qualitative data was analysed according to emerging themes, while quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this paper seem to suggest that faculties at UNZA were highly involved in research (applied and basic) at 75%, but with poor incidences of transforming research into publication and innovation. Only 38% of respondents published articles annually (increasing to 62% within two years) in local and international journals. While respondents who had published books in the last two years was as low as 19.5%. UNZA productivity output in terms of citation was relatively poor, below the expected standard of h-index and citation index of a flagship university which has a track record of more than 40 years of operation as a fully-fledged comprehensive university. Results primarily showed that the UNZA had an average h-index of 4.50 and a citation index of 156.87 which are significantly lower than the world averages of 17.50 and 971, respectively. The paper finally argues that, UNZA like most of the flagship and comprehensive universities in Africa, are quickly transforming from a teaching university into a research university based on the influence of the global North whose research agenda is central – at the expense of teaching. In order to improve on research productivity, this paper recommends that UNZA deliberately identify relevant industries, and global and regional partners to genuinely collaborate with as a way of leveraging resources and expertise. There is also a growing desire by universities in the global South to work closely together as way of improving their own productivity capacity in terms of research, publication, citation and redefine the concept of internationalization to fit the global South.
Key words: Faculty, Productivity, Research, Publication, Citations, University of Zambia
How to cite this article: Masaiti, G., Mwila, K., Kulyambanino, C. & Njobvu, T. 2021. Faculty productivity in Zambian higher education in the face of internationalization: unpacking research, publication and citation at the University of Zambia. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. 5(1): 66-86. DOI: 10.36615/sotls.v5i1.153.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Kaunda, Kasakula, Jane Kabwe, Christabel Phiri, and Mwansa Ketty Lubeya. "Management of Severe Pre-eclampsia within 24hours Postpartum at a Tertiary Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia: A clinical Audit." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.2.875.
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The worldwide incidence of pre-eclampsia ranges between 2% and 5%. Due to its complications, preeclampsia remains a significant public health threat,especially in developing countries. The quality of care given to postpartum women with severe preeclampsia has implications on disease progression.We audited the immediate postpartum care given to women with severe pre-eclampsia at the Women and Newborn Hospital-University Teaching Hospitals, atertiary level hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. We retrospectively reviewed 170 patient's medical records for the period of January 2020 to July 2020 and audited their management based on the local standard guidelines for the management of severe pre-eclampsia.
The total number of patients seen during the study period was 1,317. Of these, the total number with SPE was 170, giving a period prevalence of 12%. Allpatients were admitted to the Special observation unit, now Obstetrics intensive care unit (OICU). 12 SPE patient files had incomplete data; hence their information was not included in the analysis to maintain data quality. All 158 patients received antihypertensive drugs, MgSO₄, with only 35% having laboratory results available.We found that more than 85% of women received adequate care according to standard guidelines on most parameters, including magnesium sulphate administration; however, the laboratory tests were below standard as only 36% of these women had adequate investigations. These findings arepromising, indicating that high quality care is achievable in a low resource setting through clinical audits and completing the audit cycles with a focus on correcting identified gaps.
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Masaiti, Gift Masaiti, Kennedy Mwila, Cecilia Kulyambanino, and Tommie Njobvu. "Faculty productivity in Zambian higher education in the face of internationalization: Unpacking research, publication and citation at the University of Zambia." Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 5, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v5i1.180.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is based on a study that aimed at examining and interrogating the extent of faculty productivity in Zambia in terms of research, publication and citation with specific reference to the University of Zambia (UNZA). The paper invokes the Network Theory of Internationalisation of Higher Education founded by Johanson & Mattsson (1988).The research design used in this article is a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. The sample size total was 254, of which 244 were academic staff and 10 were key informants from management. Qualitative data was analysed according to emerging themes, while quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this paper seem to suggest that faculties at UNZA were highly involved in research (applied and basic) at 75%, but with poor incidences of transforming research into publication and innovation. Only 38% of respondents published articles annually (increasing to 62% within two years) in local and international journals. While respondents who had published books in the last two years was as low as 19.5%. UNZA productivity output in terms of citation was relatively poor, below the expected standard of h-index and citation index of a flagship university which has a track record of more than 40 years of operation as a fully-fledged comprehensive university. Results primarily showed that the UNZA had an average h-index of 4.50 and a citation index of 156.87 which are significantly lower than the world averages of 17.50 and 971, respectively. The paper finally argues that, UNZA like most of the flagship and comprehensive universities in Africa, are quickly transforming from a teaching university into a research university based on the influence of the global North whose research agenda is central – at the expense of teaching. In order to improve on research productivity, this paper recommends that UNZA deliberately identify relevant industries, and global and regional partners to genuinely collaborate with as a way of leveraging resources and expertise. There is also a growing desire by universities in the global South to work closely together as way of improving their own productivity capacity in terms of research, publication, citation and redefine the concept of internationalization to fit the global South.
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Nalubamba, King Shimumbo, Ntombi Basimbi Mudenda, Mwaka Mwangala Namwila, Chilufya Susan Mulenga, Eugene Chisela Bwalya, Ethel M’kandawire, Ngonda Saasa, Careen Hankanga, Elizabeth Oparaocha, and Martin Simuunza. "A Study of Naturally Acquired Canine Babesiosis Caused by Single and MixedBabesiaSpecies in Zambia: Clinicopathological Findings and Case Management." Journal of Parasitology Research 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/985015.
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A retrospective and prospective analysis of clinical records of dogs diagnosed withBabesiainfections was carried out for the years 2000 to 2013 from practices in Lusaka, Zambia. Records of 363 dogs with confirmedBabesiainfections were analysed using demographic factors including sex, breed, age, and clinical signs in relation to haematological findings andBabesiaspecies. The clinical and laboratory findings observed are described as well asBabesiaspecies identification. The study included 18 breeds and the highest proportion were mongrels (32.2%), males representing 64.5% of the population. The most common presenting problems were anorexia (65.3%) and lethargy/weakness (65.3%). The most common clinical signs were fever (87.3%), pallor (52.3%), lymphadenopathy (47.4%), and presence of ticks (44.9%). Anaemia (96.4%) and nucleated erythrocytes (42.2%) were the most common laboratory findings. A mixed infection ofBabesia rossiandBabesia gibsoniwas present in 59.7% of dogs, whilst 8% and 32.2% hadB. rossiandB. gibsonias a single infection, respectively. Case management mainly involved therapy with tetracyclines and imidocarb and was usually accompanied by clinical improvement. This study highlights, for the first time, the presence ofB. gibsoniin natural dog populations in Zambia, where previously onlyB. rossiwas reported.
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Mutinta, Melody, Lungwani T. Muungo, and Pierre Yassa. "Accuracy and Completeness of Medication Histories in Patients in Medical Admission Ward at the University Teaching Hospital." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.4.395.
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Background: Quality documentation of medication histories at the time of hospitaladmission with regard to accuracy and completeness is not documented at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), in Zambia. The aim of our study was to assess the accuracy and completeness of medication histories obtained in patients upon hospital admission. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at the medical admission ward, University Teaching Hospital, over a period of 3months. Our study enrolled 322 patients admitted to this ward who were above 18 years of age and were able to communicate verbally, if not, were accompanied by a caregiver. Clinical records of these patients were screened to review allmedications the patient was taking and patients/caregivers were interviewed to obtain acomplete medication history. All information obtained from patients through interviews was compared with medications recorded in the patient’s clinical records at the time of admission to the hospital. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 22 was used for all statistical calculations. Results: Of 287 clinical records, 175 (61%) incidents of inaccurate medication histories at the time of admission were identified and that medication histories in clinical records of patients were incomplete or poorly documented. Conclusion: Our study shows that 61% of medication histories in patients at the time of admission to hospitals are inaccurate. Quality documentation of medication histories in clinical records at the time of hospital admission is poor.
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Imakando, Mercy Monde, Charles Michelo, Tapiwa Mkandawire, and Lackson Kasonka. "Characteristics and Surgical Repair Outcomes of Obstetric Fistula Patients Managed at a Teaching Hospital in Zambia: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study." Medical Journal of Zambia 49, no. 2 (November 21, 2022): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.49.2.1132.
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Background
The obstetric fistula is a chronic maternal morbidity of global public health concern. The condition is preventable and in most cases treatable. Surgical repair is the mainstay of treatment with varying degrees of success. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics, surgical outcomes and factors influencing surgical outcomes of women presenting with obstetric fistulas at a Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.
Methods
A retrospective review of medical records for all women who underwent obstetric fistula repair surgery at Women and Newborn Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Descriptive analysis was done. Fischer’s exact test was used to measure association between surgical outcomes and variables in the model.
Results
In total, 18 out of 29 records of patients who underwent fistula repair were retrieved and analyzed. Ages ranged from 15 to 47 years, mean age 29years. Over two thirds (72.23%) were multiparous, and over 3/4ths (77.8%) underwent caesarean section in the antecedent pregnancy. Success rate for fistula repair was 83% at 2 weeks post-operative. Study findings were inadequate to show a significant association between successful repair and factors in the model.
Conclusion
Majority of women presenting with obstetric fistula were multiparous with a history of prolonged labour, delivery by cesarean section and poor birth outcomes. The success rate for obstetric fistula repair at Women and Newborn Hospital was 83% at 2weeks postoperative. Further studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes and factors influencing surgical outcomes.
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Sutherland, Oliver, Stefan Kafwimbi, Jonathan Chinyama, James Sichone, and Osward Bwanga. "Demographic Profile of Suspected Female Breast Cancer Patients Seeking Ultrasound Services in Selected Public Hospitals in Lusaka District, Zambia." EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology 4, no. 6 (December 10, 2022): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2022.v04i06.006.
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Background: Globally, breast cancer among females is the number one cause of morbidity at 11.6% and is the leading cause of mortality at 6.6%. In Zambia, it is the most common malignancy among women. However, the demographic characteristics of suspected breast cancer female patients accessing ultrasound breast cancer services in Zambia are still unclear. Objective: This study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics of suspected female breast cancer patients. The demographic characteristics may then be used by responsible authorities such as the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Zambia and aligned Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as the Zambia cancer association in concentrating their efforts to curtail the scourge. Methods: Systematic random sampling was used for the selection of participants in this study. The selected participant’s demographic information was obtained from their medical records such as the medical files, Cancer Diseases Hospital (CDH) ultrasound register and University Teaching Hospital (UTH) histology registers. Further, the researcher personally interviewed the selected participants to obtain the demographic information required for the study. Results: The median age for the study participants was 43, with the interquartile range (IQR)=36-50. The median parity status was 3, with IQR=1-5. The majority of breast cancer patients were married (57) (55.9%) and employed (80) (78.4%). There was no significant difference in education level and classification of residence for study participants between participants with a histology-positive and histology-negative result, P greater than 0.05. Conclusion: This study has found evidence that the reproductive age group, low to no parity status, married marital status and employed employment status are associated with breast cancer. Education level and classification of residence did not show any association with breast cancer in this study.
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Katowa-Mukwato, Patricia, Martha Chalwe Banda, Michael Mumba Kanyanta, Emmanuel Mwila Musenge, Peter D. C. Phiri, Victoria Mwiinga-Kalusopa, Fabian Chapima, Micah Simpamba, Charity Kapenda, and Hastings Shula. "Study Protocol on Stroke Management: Role of Nurses and Physiotherapists at the Adult University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka Zambia." Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 09, no. 09 (2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2021.99003.
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Elliott, Rachael Fels, Goran Jovic, and Massey Beveridge. "Seasonal Variation and Regional Distribution of Cleft Lip and Palate in Zambia." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 5 (September 2008): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-086.1.
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Objective: To assess variations in seasonality and regional distribution of orofacial clefts in babies born in Zambia. Design: A retrospective chart review was done using records of all cleft procedures performed by the only plastic surgeon in Zambia (G.J.). Delivery data from the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) were also examined to estimate the birth prevalence of orofacial clefts (55,108 live births between 2001 and 2005). Patients: All cleft patients operated in Zambia from 2000 to 2006 (413 patients). Results: A low birth prevalence of clefts (1/4239 live births) was found using UTH delivery data. Surgical data showed no difference for the frequency of one gender over another overall (M:F ratio is 1.04; p = .70). More bilateral clefts occurred in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients than in cleft lip (CL) patients (p < .01), and more unilateral left-sided clefts occurred in CL than in CLP patients (p = .03). The data reflected seasonal variation in month of birth of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) patients (p < .01), with a peak in April and May and more births in March through August (57.2%) than in September through February (42.8%). There was regional variation in cleft births among the nine Zambian provinces (p < .01). Conclusions: This study shows seasonal variation in clefts that may be explained, at least in part, by environmental factors affecting the development of CL±P. Access to treatment is likely the major determinant of regional disparity in clefts. These results provide a basis for further epidemiological studies of orofacial clefts in Zambia.
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Parekh, Rajesh, and Hanna Habib. "Determination of the Outcomes of Laparoscopic Appendecectomies at the University Teaching Hospital, Zambia." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.5.3.691.
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Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated the superiority of Laparoscopic appendicectomy in managing acute appendicitis. Acute appendicitis has been managed solely by open appendicectomy at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH). This was the first study that looked at the management of acute appendicitis by laparoscopy at UTH. This study aimed to determine the outcomes of laparoscopic appendicectomy at UTH. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that included patients that were diagnosed with acute uncomplicated appendicitis. All patients admitted between August 2015 to March 2016 were included in the study. Variables analyses were patient’s data (age, gender, previous surgery, WBC count, symptoms, signs, symptoms), operating time, intra\post operative complications, and length of stay. Results: A total of 9 laparoscopic appendicectomies were performed during the study period. The patients had an average age of 31.8 years and were predominantly female (70%). One case was converted to open appendicectomy and was not included in the laparoscopic data group. The mean operative time for the procedure was 75.5 min (range 50-110min). The length of stay was on average 2.3 days (range 2-3 days). The patients in the study had no complications noted during the follow-up period. No patient developed an intraabdominal abscess during the study period. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendicectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis resulted in good surgical outcomes in this institution compared to the regional statistics as a reference point. It may be preferred in patients presenting with uncomplicated appendicitis or where the diagnosis is equivocal. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is recommended, especially for the young female patients in our setting.
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Patimo, Donald M., and Ritchie P. Maribojoc. "University Electronic Records Management System for Northwest Samar State University, Calbayog City." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 21, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v21i1.2145.
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Effective records management program is a major element of the governance of any organization. Based from the surveys, the Northwest Samar State University was not fully aware on how to do about the implementation of this act, National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2007 (R.A 9470). The university was still relying from the university code for the records management provisions. This study was undertaken to develop and validate the acceptability of the developed University Electronic Records Management System (UeRMS) for Northwest Samar State University as perceived by the computer experts, school officials, teaching personnel and non- teaching personnel. Thus, the idea and assessment of the respondents towards the design of the system is very critical. Upon validating the developed system, they observed that it was much faster to search records compared to manual process.
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Kasela, J., Y. Ahmed, and B. Vwalika. "Feto-Maternal Outcomes of Term Assisted Breech Deliveries at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 45, no. 3 (November 21, 2018): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.45.3.146.
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Background: Breech presentation occurs when the fetus presents with buttocks or feet first. Globally, the incidence of breech is 3-4% at term. The safest mode of delivery for most breeches at term is still controversial despite extensive research. The aim of this study was to determine the feto-maternal outcomes of assisted term breech deliveries at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH).
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 73 pregnant women with term breech admitted to the labor ward that delivered vaginally. Data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire and from medical records. The Pearson's chi-squared test was used for comparison of proportions between groups. One multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations with neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and also a second one associations with type of breech.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.6 ±
5.5 (range 18-41) years. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.6 weeks and mean parity was 3.4, with a 5% history of previous breech. The average levels of asphyxia measured by Apgar score were 7.1 at 1 minute, 8.1 at 5 minutes and 8.6 at 10 minutes.
The average fetal weight was 3200g, with 10% admissions to Neonatal intensive care unit(NICU). For the maternal outcomes, one participant had post- partum haemorrhage (PPH), and one participant had an episiotomy and none had symphysiotomy.
On multivariate analysis, NICU admission was associated with lower Apgar score at 1 minute. Babies that were not admitted to NICU had 90% reduced odds for low Apgar score < 7 [Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.10, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.004 – 0.24, P-value < 0.01. Also, on
multivariate analysis, type of breech was associated with lower Agpar score at 5 minutes. Compared to footling breech, patients with extended breech had 97% reduced odds for low Apgar score < 7 (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.004 – 0.22, p-value < 0.01). Patients with complete breech had 85% reduced odds for lower Apgar score < 7 (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05 – 0.44, p-
value < 0.01).
Discussion and Conclusion: Feto-maternal outcomes of assisted term vaginal breech deliveries at UTH were favourable with low levels of asphyxia, neonatal admissions to NICU, and need for blood transfusion. Therefore, breech vaginal delivery at term may still be a viable option at UTH as demonstrated by this study.
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Musa, Ayodele Kolawole, Ogbonna Mary Aina, and Ojo Phebean Opeyemi. "Perception of Health Information Management Professionals on the Importance of Computer System in Health Information Management in Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 26, 2020): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul353.
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Healthcare system in this contemporary time is moving towards digitalization with respect to management of patients’ health information, this is however pertinent to achieve improved healthcare quality, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in hospital settings. The process therefore requires migrating from paper records to Electronic Health Records (EHRs) particularly in Africa where it has been a lingering challenge. However, adopting technology in the management of patient records will provide more accurate and details patient’s profile. This study therefore investigated perceptions of health Information Management Professionals on the importance of computer system in health information management in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital ,Ile-Ife, Osun- State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted and thirty (30) Health Information Management Professionals were randomly selected from Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital.
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Gajo, Dennis B., Efrhain Louis P. Pajota, and Jan Carlo T. Arroyo. "Developing an Institutional Research Records Management System (IRREMS) for the University of Mindanao Research and Publication Center (UM-RPC)." Proceedings Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 2 (October 10, 2015): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/irrc.2015.au04ef83o.
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This study focuses on developing a computer-based information system that helps the Research and Publication Center of the University of Mindanao in managing the institutional research records of the University’s teaching and non-teaching personnel. It explores the software requirements of the Center in order to efficiently store research-related data and to conveniently retrieve pertinent reports that the office needs to provide. It then describes the proposed software named Institutional Research Records Management System or IRREMS. The software provides a systematic way of managing records of institutional researches conducted by both the teaching and non-teaching personnel of the University. It keeps track of researchers’ information, as well as organizes the researches in a way that allows for easy access and retrieval through the use of search keywords. The study presents the requirements specification, software process model, software design, and the software development methodology used to create the technical output, which was successfully deployed in the Center.
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Musonda, Francis, Clemence Marimo, and Sumbukeni Kowa. "Histomorphology of Bone marrow from Adult Pancytopenic Patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 46, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.46.1.229.
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Background: Pancytopenia is a haematologic condition characterised by leukopenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Pancytopenia is not a diagnosis and has to be qualified by determination of its cause. The aetiologies of pancytopenia are diverse, and study of bone marrow histomorphology via cytology and histology are key components that assist in the determination of the underlying cause. Pancytopenia is encountered regularly in medical practice in Zambia, however, no studies have been conducted on pancytopenia to date. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done on adult pancytopenic patients admitted to the medical wards of the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) over an eight-month period. The aim of this study was to determine the histomorphology of the bone marrows of adult pancytopenic patients admitted to the UTH.
Methods: A total of 45 bone marrow biopsies were collected over the study period. In all cases the indication was pancytopenia that had been confirmed by a full blood count done at the UTH and the biopsy site was either the anterior superior iliac spine or the posterior superior iliac spine. Demographic and clinical details were obtained using data collection sheets and from review of patient records. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. A Chi square test was used to measure association between categorical variables. A p value of < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.
Results: There were 32 females (71%) and 13 males (29%), and the age ranged from 15 to 72 years with an average age of 35 years. Forty percent (n=18) of t h e study participants had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and all of these all were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). There were 6 histologic patterns found the commonest being megaloblastosis seen in 38% of the patients, followed by malignancy and myelodysplasia both at 17.0%. Bone marrow aplasia accounted for 13.0%, non-megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia accounted for nine percent and myelofibrosis for four percent. A chi square test was used to determine if there was association between each histomorphology and HIV status, the only significant result was obtained from the Chi test applied to HIV status and myelodysplasia which gave a p value of 0.026. The Chi square test involving the other histomorphologies all yielded a p value greater than 0.05.
Conclusion: The bone marrow biopsies of the study population showed six histomorphologic pictures which in order of frequency were megaloblastosis, malignancy and myelodysplasia, bone marrow hypoplasia, non-megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia and myelofibrosis. Association was found between HIV status and myelodysplasia via the Chi square test.
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Bwalya, Precious, Tomoyuki Yamaguchi, Eddie Samuneti Solo, Joseph Yamweka Chizimu, Grace Mbulo, Chie Nakajima, and Yasuhiko Suzuki. "Characterization of Mutations Associated with Streptomycin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Zambia." Antibiotics 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101169.
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Streptomycin (STR) is recommended for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Streptomycin resistance-conferring mutation types and frequency are shown to be influenced by genotypes of circulating strains in a population. This study aimed to characterize the mutations in MDR-TB isolates and examine their relationship with the genotypes in Zambia. A total of 138 MDR-TB isolates stored at the University Teaching Hospital Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory in Zambia were analyzed using spoligotyping and sequencing of STR resistance-associated genes. Streptomycin resistance was observed in 65.9% (91/138) of MDR-TB isolates. Mutations in rpsL, rrs, and gidB accounted for 33%, 12.1%, and 49.5%, respectively. Amino acid substitution K43R in rpsL was strongly associated with the CAS1_Kili genotype (p < 0.0001). The combination of three genes could predict 91.2% of STR resistance. Clustering of isolates based on resistance-conferring mutations and spoligotyping was observed. The clustering of isolates suggests that the increase in STR-resistant MDR-TB in Zambia is largely due to the spread of resistant strains from inadequate treatment. Therefore, rapid detection of STR resistance genetically is recommended before its use in MDR-TB treatment in Zambia.
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Mwansa, Pamela. "Maternal and Health System Predictors of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women Attending Health Care Facilities in Lusaka, Zambia: A Retrospective Cohort Study." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.02.art016.
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Preeclampsia (PE) Is The Leading Cause Of Maternal And Perinatal Morbidity/Mortality. A Study In Lusaka Estimated Preeclampsia/Eclampsia Prevalence At 18.9%. The Aim Of The Study Was To Determine The Health System And Maternal Predictors Of Preeclampsia Among Pregnant Women Attending Public Health Facilities (HF) In Lusaka, Zambia. This Is A 12months Retrospective Cohort Study. Records Of 770 Pregnant Women During Antenatal Care Between January To December 2020 From Five HFs In Lusaka Were Reviewed And Classified Into With Or Without PE. The Risk Factors For PE Were Abstracted From The Records. Descriptive Analysis And Inferential Statistics Were Determined. The Respondents Were Aged 18-40years With Mean Age Of 27.09 Years And SD±5.1. Age 25- 32 Years Accounted For 344 (45%), Married 250 (82%), 346 (45%) Had Secondary School Education And 293 (38%) Had Parity Of 2. Significant Differences Were Observed In The Administration Of Magnesium Sulphate And Oxygen For Severe Preeclampsia (P = 0.001) And Anti-Hypertensive For Eclampsia (P < 0.05). Knowledge Gaps In The Diagnosis And Management Of Pre-Eclampsia Were Identified. Multivariate Analysis Revealed Woman’s Age (AOR= 0.326, 95% CI: 0.0024-0.8231), Education AOR= 0.128, 95% CI: 0.00121-0.0323) And A Good Nutritional Diet AOR= 0.109, 95% CI: 0.0393-0.4639) Were Independent Predator Of PE. Predictors Of PE Amongst Pregnant Women Were Having Preeclampsia In The Previous Pregnancy, Having Parity Of Three Or More, And Knowledge Gaps In The Diagnosis And Management Of PE Were Found. We Recommend Refresher Training On Detection And Management Of PE Among Health Workers Attending To Pregnant Women.
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Mulenga, M., B. Bvulani, and L. Munkonge. "Risk of Incarceration of Inguinal Hernias among Paediatric Patients awaiting elective surgery at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 45, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.45.4.207.
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Background: This study was conducted to determine our own institutional rate and risk of inguinal hernia incarceration among infants and children awaiting elective surgery. Inguinal hernias in infants and children are very common. One of their common complications before surgery is incarceration. Rate and risk of incarceration among our patients awaiting surgical care was not known.
Method: A retrospective review of infants and children under the age of 17 years, who had undergone inguinal hernia repair or had incarcerated, from January 2015 to January 2017 was performed. Interviewer completed questionnaires were used to abstract data from the clinical records. Atotal of 364 patients were included for analysis, in this study. Descriptive statistics, Regression Analysis and Kaplan Meiers Survival Analysis were employed.
Results: The infants and children were stratified into seven age groups. The overall incarceration rate was 13.45%. The risk of incarceration was age dependent. It ranged from 0.52 daily risk of incarceration, among neonates, to zero daily risk of incarceration among older children. Longer wait times were associated with increased rate and risk of inguinal hernia incarceration.
Conclusion: The overall rate of incarceration was high (13.45%). Longer wait times, infants and younger children, male sex, right sided hernias were associated with unacceptably higher rates & risks. Neonates had as much as 5 times higher risk of incarceration than other children. The best time to operate is before 3 weeks for neonates, before 2 months for infants & before 4 months for younger children to prevent incarceration.
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Musa, Ayodele Kolawole, Ogbonna Mary Aina, and Ojo Phebean Opeyemi. "Perception of Health Information Management Professionals on the Importance of Computer System in Health Information Management in Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital, ILE- IFE, Osun State, Nigeria." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 24, 2020): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul264.
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Healthcare system in this contemporary time is moving towards digitalization with respect to management of patients’ health information, this is however pertinent to achieve improved healthcare quality, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in hospital settings. The process therefore requires migrating from paper records to Electronic Health Records (EHRs) particularly in Africa where it has been a lingering challenge. However, adopting technology in the management of patient records will provide more accurate and details patient’s profile. This study therefore investigated perceptions of health Information Management Professionals on the importance of computer system in health information management in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital ,Ile-Ife, Osun- State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted and thirty (30) Health Information Management Professionals were randomly selected from Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital. The result revealed that majority of Health Information Management Professionals agree that computer science is of high importance in Health Information Management as it was seen as critically important for effective clinical documentation and patients’ management care. It was recommended among others that governments at all level should provide adequate and updated facilities for hospitals to enhance effective Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with required training for Health Information Management Professionals.
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Femitha, Ayshathul, and Sunita Saldanha. "A study on water management strategies in a selected teaching hospital." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 5120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205195.
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Background: Water is a scarce and highly valuable natural resource. Hospitals require relatively large quantity of water and quality of water is equally important. Hospitals must focus on water efficiency and conservation measures in order to ensure the sustainable use of water. This study was undertaken to understand the current water management practices in the selected teaching hospital and to develop strategies for water conservation.Methods: Descriptive study with observational method was used, to collect the data an observational checklist based on the guidelines of bureau of Indian standards (BIS) and world health organization (WHO) was developed. To observe and collect the data, uninformed visits was done to the Department of Maintenance on random days as per the convenience and the information was collected from standard operating procedures (SOPs) and records maintained in the department of maintenance and hospital infection control unit.Results: The study found that a well-planned water supply system is present in the selected hospital to meet the required quantity of water. The study reveals that the total consumption of water per day in the hospital is higher than the BIS standards. Preventive and corrective maintenance of all the tanks, pipelines, plumbing, and equipment is done regularly. A well-organized system of quality control of water is present in the hospital and the grey water, is drained to sewage water treatment plant from where the water is recycled and reused.Conclusions: Conservation of water enables hospitals to cut cost and to be proactive stewards of their community’s natural resources.
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Musenge, Emmanuel Mwila, Charles Michelo, Boyd Mudenda, and Alexey Manankov. "Glycaemic Control and Associated Self-Management Behaviours in Diabetic Outpatients: A Hospital Based Observation Study in Lusaka, Zambia." Journal of Diabetes Research 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7934654.
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Background. The control ofdiabetes mellitusdepends on several factors that also include individual lifestyles. We assessed glycaemic control status and self-management behaviours that may influence glycaemic control among diabetic outpatients.Methods. This cross-sectional study among 198 consenting randomly selected patients was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital diabetic clinic between September and December 2013 in Lusaka, Zambia. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, self-management behaviours, and laboratory measurements. Binary logistic regression analysis using IBM SPSS for Windows version 20.0 was carried out to predict behaviours that were associated with glycaemic control status.Results. The proportion of patients that had good glycaemic control status (HbA1c≤48 mmol/mol) was 38.7% compared to 61.3% that had poor glycaemic control status (HbA1c≥49 mmol/mol). Adherence to antidiabetic treatment and fasting plasma glucose predicted glycaemic control status of the patients. However, self-blood glucose monitoring, self-blood glucose monitoring means and exercise did not predict glycaemic control status of the patients. Conclusion. We find evidence of poor glycaemic control status among most diabetic patients suggesting that health promotion messages need to take into account both individual and community factors to promote behaviours likely to reduce nonadherence.
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Banda, Mickey, Caswell Hachabizwa, Joseph Hainza, Sikhanyiso Mutemwa, and Krikor Erzingastian. "Anatomical variations of the superior cerebellar artery: A cadaveric study at the University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia." Anatomy Journal of Africa 9, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 1789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v9i2.198925.
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The superior cerebellar artery usually arises from the terminal end of the basilar artery. It may also originate from the posterior cerebral artery and or from a common trunk with the posterior cerebral artery. The anatomical variations of superior cerebellar artery show ethnic differences, but there are few reports on African populations in particular none from Zambia. Variations of the superior cerebellar artery might cause compression symptoms of cranial nerves III, IV and V. Furthermore, the presence of such variations has been considered to be a factor in the aetiology of aneurysms and thrombus formation leading to cerebellar infarcts. The objectives of the study were to explore anatomical variations on the origin of the superior cerebellar artery; to measure the outer diameter at its origin and the length of superior cerebellar artery to its first bifurcation; to establish the presence of duplication , triplication , hypoplasia , agenesis , fenestration and any other anomalies that were detectable. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 46 post-mortem human cadaveric brains were systematically sampled. A total of 113 superior cerebellar arteries were identified in 42 male and four female cadavers of age ranging between 18 and 65 years (mean 34.05±9.237mm). Superior cerebellar artery arose from the basilar artery as a single vessel in 49.5%, the common trunk arose in 6.2% and posterior cerebral artery origin was seen in 5.7%. Overall duplication of the superior cerebellar artery was seen in 35.5% and triplication in 5.3%. Nineteen (16.8%) of the superior cerebellar arteries were hypoplastic (less than 1mm) and ninety-four (83.2%) were normal. The diameter of the superior cerebellar artery at its origin ranged 0.25mm to 2.48mm (mean 1.42±0.54mm). The length of the superior cerebellar artery to its first bifurcation ranged from 3.77mm to 33.53mm (mean 21.92±7.40mm). Statistically, gender had no significant association of superior cerebellar artery variations (p>0.05). This knowledge will improvediagnosis and management of patients with vascular disorders of the posterior circulation. The newly identified patterns could be a contribution to the SCA classification system.
Key words: Superior cerebellar artery, duplication, triplication and hypoplasia
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Mustafa, Ahmed Hassan Kamil, and Ahmed Mohammed Sulaiman. "The Epidemiology and Management of Bell’s Palsy in the Sudan." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010827.
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Background: Bell’s palsy is an acute idiopathic facial nerve paralysis of sudden onset. It is the most common cause of lower motor neuron facial nerve paralysis with an annual incidence of 15-30 per 100,000. The objective of this work is to study the prevalence and the management of Bell’s palsy in the Sudan. A descreptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried at Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital, Khartoum General Teaching Hospital. In the retrospective, the records and files of 698 patients with Bell’s palsy, were reviewed in relation to age, gender, site, risk factors, season, and type of treatment. In addition, 48 patients with Bell’s palsy were evaluated using the House–Brackman scale in relation to the above-mentioned variables. Therefore, a total number of 746 cases were studied. Fifty five percent of them were females and the remaining 45% were males, around 38% of them were in the age group 21-40 year. Fifty seven percent of the patients were affected on the right side of the face. Winter was the commonest season of onset where 53.5% of the cases occurred. Steroids are the commonly prescribed drugs in majority of the cases, accounting for 47.3%. Study Design: The study is a retrospective cross sectional hospital based study. The study was carried out in Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital and in the Physiotherapy Department of Khartoum Teaching General hospital. The files and records of the patients with Bell’s palsy in Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital in the years 1/1/2004 -31/12/2008, and Khartoum Teaching General Hospital (physiotherapy department) in the years 2007- July 2009 (total number 746). Results: A total number of 746 cases were studied . Fifty five percent of them were females and the remaining 45% were male. Around 38% of them were in the group 21-40 year. Fifty seven percent of the patients were affected on the right side of the face. Winter was the commonest season of the onset where 53.5% of the cases occurred. Conclusion: The study showed predominance of females. A peak incidence was seen in the age group 21-40 years. A predilection was found for the right side of face.
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STERN, R. D., and P. J. M. COOPER. "ASSESSING CLIMATE RISK AND CLIMATE CHANGE USING RAINFALL DATA – A CASE STUDY FROM ZAMBIA." Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (March 25, 2011): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479711000081.
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SUMMARYRainfall variability, both within and between seasons, is reflected in highly variable crop growth and yields in rainfed agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa and results in varying degrees of weather-induced risk associated with a wide range of crop, soil and water management innovations. In addition there is both growing evidence and concern that changes in rainfall patterns associated with global warming may substantively affect the nature of such risk. Eighty-nine years of daily rainfall data from a site in southern Zambia are analysed. The analyses illustrate approaches to assessing the extent of possible trends in rainfall patterns and the calculation of weather-induced risk associated with the inter- and intra-seasonal variability of the rainfall amounts. Trend analyses use monthly rainfall totals and the number of rain days in each month. No simple trends were found. The daily data were then processed to examine important rain dependent aspects of crop production such as the date of the start of the rains and the risk of a long dry spell, both following planting and around flowering. The same approach is used to assess the risk of examples of crop disease in instances when a ‘weather trigger’ for the disease can be specified. A crop water satisfaction index is also used to compare risks from choices of crops with different maturity lengths and cropping strategies. Finally a different approach to the calculations of these risks fits a Markov chain model to the occurrence of rain, with results then derived from this model. The analyses shows the relevance of this latter approach when relatively short daily rainfall records are available and is illustrated through a comparison of the effects of El Niño, La Niña and Ordinary years on rainfall distribution patterns.
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Bazley, John, Cynthia Schweer Rayner, and Aunnie Patton Power. "Zoona mobile money: investing for impact (cases A and B)." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 2 (June 19, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2016-0122.
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Subject area Impact investing, Social enterprise. Study level/applicability MBA, EMBA, Executive Education. Case overview Zoona mobile money: investing for impact details a slightly altered version of the real events that occurred in late 2011 with the series A round of investment in Zoona, a mobile money business in Zambia. The focus is on the decisions that have to be made by the management team of a socially innovative tech start-up (Zoona) providing mobile money and financial services to previously unbanked consumers in Zambia. Expected learning outcomes By the end of this case, the student should be able to: understand the basics of term sheets and be able to perform a high level analysis and comparison of two distinct term sheets; identify investor objectives, ultimately recognising the general differences between private equity and venture capital investors; identify and weigh the costs and benefits of term sheets, as well as identify negotiating points and necessary trade-offs in the investment process; and identify and understand the “soft” benefits of investors and weigh these in relation to a term sheet analysis. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
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Daka, Harrison, Alex Mugala, Lydia Mukuka Mulenga – Hagane, and Kalisto Kalimaposo. "Academic flaws in the face of the COVID - 19 Pandemic: A case of University of Zambia student." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 09, no. 07 (2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2022.9703.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic crisis has brought unprecedented challenges to higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic has subsequently left higher institutions of learning struggling on how to provide quality education to all. Globally, students have faced unprecedented challenges stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Irrefutably, this austere pandemic has disrupted the teaching and learning process and it has affected the provision equitable and quality education. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive report on the challenges facing University of Zambia Students in the face of the COVID-19 Pandemic. This was achieved by analyzing 400 University of Zambia students’ responses to the survey-based questionnaire. A descriptive statistical method was used to test the validation of the study. The students were sampled using simple random sampling. The study revealed that the major challenges included poor network connectivity, failure to access and upload educational materials on the platforms and lack of digital skills. In order to curb these challenges, the study recommended that the government and private network providers should improve the network provision to all parts of the country. In addition, the study recommended that there is need to have blended learning so as to enhance understanding in the learners for concepts which were not clear when taught during online. It was proposed that the University of Zambia management should also put a deliberate programme to train all students in digital skills.
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Adjei, Emmanuel, and Monica Mensah. "Adopting total quality management to enhance service delivery in medical records." Records Management Journal 26, no. 2 (July 18, 2016): 140–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-01-2015-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which total quality management (TQM) initiatives can improve the quality of services delivery at the medical records unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) to help meet the expectations and aspirations of patients and customers of the hospital. Design/methodology/approach This research adopted the survey strategy as its research design. The total study population consisted of 114 medical records staff of the KBTH. Questionnaires and personal observations were employed as the data collection instruments. The study recorded a response rate of 98 per cent. Data gathered from respondents were analysed in qualitative terms. Findings The overall finding of this study was that, although the medical records department of the KBTH had a fair degree of understanding on the benefits of TQM to records management service delivery, the exiting values for TQM did not meet the framework of good TQM practice, principles and standards. Research limitations/implications Even though the subjects for the study were from the biggest hospital in Ghana, the findings of this study may not be generalised to the whole country. Practical implications The study has demonstrated the need for the medical records department of the KBTH to have and develop good TQM standards to improve the quality of services to patients and varied customers of the hospital. Originality/value The literature reviewed indicated that this study is a maiden attempt to examine how TQM initiatives including sensitivity, customer satisfaction, commitment of top management, team work, effective leadership and participatory management, people development and effective and open communication can improve the quality of medical records service delivery at the KBTH in Ghana.
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Bergersen, Ane, and Gistered Muleya. "Zambian Civic Education Teacher Students in Norway for a Year—How Do They Describe Their Transformative Learning?" Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 7143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247143.
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Through 10 years of cooperation between the University of Zambia and the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 24 students of Civic Education (Social Sciences) from the University of Zambia had an opportunity to travel to Norway to have a different learning experience of Civic Education. In this study, we sought through qualitative questionnaires and interviews to understand how the former Civic Education teacher students describe their experiences and received benefits during the 10 months they spent at the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. The study established that transformative learning takes time, but of paramount importance was that the students were able to critically reflect and act as change-makers at an individual, school, and/or society level. The study also noted that international student mobility can increase students’ transformative learning under certain conditions. Therefore, our study concludes that crucial factors for transformative learning consist of the combination of cultural mentoring, teaching practice, critical discussions, and critical theories. Additionally, the study notes that reframing our perspectives as learners, teachers, and researchers can lead to increased awareness of moral imperatives for satisfying human needs, ensuring social justice and respecting environmental limits as citizens in a global world.
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Lee, Anita N., and Mei-Lin Yeh-Lane. "Best Practice to Teach and Learn Fiscal Management in Athletic Programs." Journal of Coaching Education 6, no. 2 (August 2013): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jce.6.2.198.
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This study shares the best practice in teaching fiscal management in athletic programs with the compliance of the National Standards for Sport Coaches (NSSC; 2006). The objective of this presentation is to provide ideas, resources, and course activities in fiscal management of athletic programs. Topics in financial operation, purchasing and inventory distribution, fund-raising, and managing financial records, as well as different modules of fiscal management in athletic programs will be covered.
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Chipaila, Jackson, Alex Makupe, Evans Malyangu, Daniel Maswahu, Jane C. Kabwe, and Etienne BFK Odimba. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Nodules at two tertiary Hospitals in Zambia: a cross-sectional study." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.2.388.
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Introduction: Thyroid nodules are one of the common surgical presentations in Africa and are of great concern because of their potential to be malignant. Zambia is not excluded from these common surgical conditions. However, there are no pre-operative cellular or intra-operative tissue diagnoses of the thyroid nodules done before thyroidectomy making it difficult to plan for an optimal and definitive management. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is known to play a pivotal role in the screening and management of thyroid swellings. This study serves to assess the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC on thyroid nodules in patients at two tertiary hospitals in Zambia in order to establish a basis for introducing its use in the management of thyroid nodules at the institutions. Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of FNAC, as compared to histopathology, in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules at University Teaching Hospital (UTH) and Ndola Central Hospital (NCH) in Zambia. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in UTH and NCH surgery department from June 2014 to March 2015. Seventy-three patients, who presented with palpable thyroid nodules and underwent thyroidectomy, were enrolled in the study. The FNAC diagnosis of the patients was compared to the histopathology finding following thyroidectomy. Results: Females made up the majority of the patients (n=67, 91.8%). The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 78 years. The mean age was 44.3 years and the peak age of incidence was in the fourth decade. All patients were clinically euthyroid at the time of enrolment. The FNAC findings included 23 cases reported as unsatisfactory (31.5%); 29 cases benign (39.7%); 2 cases atypical (2.7%); 6 cases suspicious (8.2%); and 13 cases malignant (17.8%). Histopathology findings were available from all 73 tissue samples of participants, of which 55 (75.3%) and 18 (24.7%) were reported as benign and malignant respectively. Of the 18 malignant cases identified by histology, the most common cancer was follicular carcinoma (n=9, 50%), followed by papillary carcinoma (n=6, 33.3%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (n=3, 16.7%). FNAC, in this study, had sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy of 83.33%, 89.09%, 94.23 and 71.42%, and 87.67% respectively. Conclusion: In this study, FNAC of thyroid nodules had a high sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy, and can therefore be recommended to be adopted as a pre-operative tool for screening of thyroid nodules.
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Purves, I. N., and S. Kay. "Medical Records and Other Stories: a Narratological Framework." Methods of Information in Medicine 35, no. 02 (April 1996): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634648.
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AbstractA new model of the medical record is introduced which can incorporate context, structure, process and use of the medical record within a single narratological framework. It is claimed that the analysis of narrative and, in particular, the study of the story metaphor can provide a theoretical model which provides coherence within the broad discipline of Medical Informatics. It is argued that this framework maintains different levels of abstraction, is useful for teaching and clinical practice, and that its concepts can be readily understood by those in both lay and technical healthcare professions.
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Mandal, Sonai, Ananya Mandal, Tamoghna Maity, and Somenath Das. "A comparative study between retrospective and prospective assessment of rationality and effectiveness of snake bite management in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 7 (June 24, 2019): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192571.
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Background: Snake bite envenomation remains one of the commonest causes of mortality and morbidity in rural West Bengal. Objective of present study was to compare the rationality, effectiveness and adherence to standard treatment guidelines of Government of West Bengal of snake bite management over the high-risk periods of two years.Methods: This was a comparative study of snake bite management between 2016 and 2018 (over April to September) during peak risk season in a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural Bengal. The data was collected retrospectively from the treatment records in 2016 and from patients admitted with history of snake bite in the Medicine ward, ICU and ITU in 2018.Results: Records from 2016 yielded 177 snake bite patients (144 venomous and 82.5% neurotoxic envenomation) and in 2018, 190 cases (114 venomous and 71.1% neurotoxic). There was delay in presentation (>2 hours) in almost 80% cases in both years and 2.56% had anaphylactic reaction following ASV administration in 2018 against 3.15% in 2016. Ventilator support was necessary for 12% patients in 2018. Overall percentage of mortality reduced from 6.70% to 3.2% in 2018. Adherence to snake bite management STG was seen in 81.8% of the retrospective records vis a vis 80% cases in prospective analysis (p = 0.21).Conclusions: The survival rate in venomous snake bite is found to be high in this institution over last two seasons of snake bite. The practice of snake bite management is found to be adherent with standard protocol in most cases.
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Simute, Felix, Lackson Kasonka, and Bellington Vwalika. "The Obstetric outcomes associated with advanced maternal age at the University Teaching Hospitals Women and Newborn Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 3 (January 11, 2022): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.3.894.
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Introduction: Pregnant women aged 35 years and above have traditionally been termed as of advanced maternal age. These women are considered to have a higher incidence of obstetric complications than younger ones
Objectives: To investigate socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric outcomes in women of advanced age who delivered at the Women and Newborn Hospital, in Lusaka, Zambia.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which a total of 226 postnatal women, both of advanced (35 years and above) and optimal age (20 - 34 years), that met the eligibility criteria were recruited. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit study participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire, review of patient's hospital records, and the labour ward delivery registers. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 software.
Results: The prevalence of advanced maternal age was 14.1%. The mean ages were 38years (range 35 - 46 years) and 28 years in advanced and optimal maternal age groups respectively. Socio demographic characteristics that were found to be significantly associated with advanced maternal age included; education (P=0.036), occupation (P= 0.015), the cultural belief of large families (P=0.003), and contraception use (P= 0.001). There were more married women among advanced age women 105 (92.9%) than among optimal age women 99 (87.2%), however, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.262). Divorce (P=0.689), income (P=0.701), and history of subfertility P=0.291) were also not found to be different between the two groups. With regards to maternal outcomes, advanced maternal age was significantly associated with severe pre eclampsia (AOR 2.131; 95% CI 1.190 - 3.816; P=0.011), postpartum haemorrhage (AOR 1.400; 95% CI 0.187 - 0.855; P=0.018), caesarean deliveries (AOR 1.395; 95% CI 1.115 - 4.719; P=0.028) and antepartum haemorrhage (AOR 2.425; 95% CI 1.029 - 5.714; P=0.043). On foetal outcomes, advanced maternal age was significantly associated with NICU admissions (AOR 3.075; 95% CI 1.298 - 7.287; P=0.011). However, there was no association with APGAR score at 5 minutes (P=0.174), birth weight (P=l.000), gestation age at birth (P=0.676), and PROM (P=0.557)
Conclusion: Generally, women of advanced maternal age were associated with more adverse obstetric outcomes than women of optimal childbearing age. Hence, there is a need to sensitise these women and their spouses on the risk of advanced maternal age on obstetric outcomes and the need for not postponing conception until the late 3rd decade of life.
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Kabeta, Rachel, Givers Chilinga, and Leonard Sakakombe. "Perceptions of Teachers and Learners of the Effects of COVID-19 on the Teaching and Learning process in Selected Secondary Schools in Kapiri- Mposhi District, Zambia." African Journal of Education and Practice 8, no. 6 (December 19, 2022): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ajep.1721.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of teachers and learners of the effects of Covid-19 on the teaching and learning process in the selected secondary schools in Kapiri- Mposhi District.
Methodology: Ten schools were selected using random sampling from the urban and rural parts of the district, from which a total of 197 participants comprising 100 grade 9 and 12 learners and 97 teachers, were sampled. A questionnaire, face to face interviews and focus group discussions were also used to collect data for this study.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed that COVID-19 was viewed to have had affected the teaching and learning negatively, as it was considered to have led to negative effects such as the closure of schools, loss of learning time, ineffective teaching and learning, poor or unequal access to learning opportunities, especially between learners in the urban and rural located schools regarding online learning. Out of 197 respondents, most of the participants (90.9%) agreed that COVID-19 may lead to unequal access to educational resources, and also that school closures may negatively impact teaching and learning outcomes, especially for the underprivileged. Further, 88.8%, 87.3%, 86.8% and 85.8% of the respondents were of the opinion that learners may substantially lag behind especially in reading and mathematical subjects, stigmatization of infected learners and staff may heighten absenteeism, school closures may put strain on parents and teachers to provide childcare and manage distance (remote) learning while learners were out of school, and risky behavior may increase that may lead to increased teenage pregnancies and substance abuse among learners, respectively.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to literature by providing more insight on how the Covid-19 pandemic affected the teaching and learning in the selected schools, it provides knowledge and insights which could also be used to understand the effect of the pandemic on education in general and thus help in finding solutions for such emergencies in future.
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Haakalaki, Kingford Mutinta, Jackson Phiri, and Monica Kalumbilo Kabemba. "A Model for an Electronic Health Information Management System with Structural Interoperability in Heterogeneous Environments for continued Health Care." Zambia ICT Journal 2, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v2i2.58.
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Electronic Health Records (EHR) Systems have over the recent years become an integral part of any effective Health Care System. Volumes of data is kept in heterogeneous systems and though continued health care highly depends on knowledge acquired from medical history captured at various points, this information is usually not readily available. This is caused by lack of interoperability and use of standards. Usually, interoperability has been targeted at health systems communicating amongst themselves and not with other supporting systems such as administrative systems that may be directly affected by healthcare systems or may themselves affect healthcare systems.
The University of Zambia (UNZA) Clinic EHR does not interoperate with administrative systems systems. This study proposes a model to improve the efficiency of healthcare at UNZA Clinic by introducing an EHR system that applies interoperability with the University’s Human Resource and Student Information Systems at as less a cost a possible. The study was guided by two (2) objectives. A baseline study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the currently implemented modules of the Electronic System at UNZA Clinic to address objective number (1). 200 questionnaires were distributed during clinic visits with 150 of them being used to collect data from within University community. Of these, 50 were given to members of staff that benefit from the health services, 75 to students and 50 to the healthcare providers. The remaining 25 questionnaires were shared amongst staff dependents and the community outside the University.
Our results show that there is potential to improve on patient delay time. Many respondents suggested that automating the processes and securely sharing electronic records amongst the offices that attend to them would better the service. A model has been proposed to address objective 2 for the design of a prototype that adheres to HL7 EHR Standards. In order to achieve an interoperable eHealth Records System, we have investigated and proposed a Web Service architecture.
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Lungu, Agripa, L. Kasonka, and B. Vwalika. "Association of socioeconomic status with adverse birth outcomes at the Women and Newborn Hospital of the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 49, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.49.1.1098.
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Background: Low socioeconomic status has generally been associated with adverse birth outcomes worldwide. Adverse birth outcomes significantly contribute to perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide with some literatures showing conflicting results. At Women and New-born Hospital in Zambia, this relationship had remained unclear among women who experienced poor neonatal outcome; hence the study was done to explore this association between socioeconomic status and adverse birth outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Secondary data from ZAPPS study that had been collected prospectively between August 2015 and September 201 7 was retrieved. Altogether, 1,450 participants' information was retrieved, out of which 1,084 data records were set out for analysis after excluding those not meeting eligibility criteria. Socioeconomic status was an explanatory variable which was estimated using the standardized wealth score derived from principal component analysis of 14 variables. The wealth quintiles were further categorised into poor and not poor. Response variables were low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestation age. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis and p value< 0.05 was significant
Results: This study found the incidences of SGA, LBW and preterm births to be 164, 124 and 13 5 per 1000 live births respectively. In survival analysis, the proportion of babies who survived LBW among mothers who were poor was lower (82.9%) compared to babies born to rich mothers (87.5%) (p-value = 0.189). Furthermore, the proportion of babies who survived SGA for the poor was lower (79 .1 % ) compared to babies born to none poor mothers (85.8%) (p-value = 0.032) and preterm birth for the poor (78.4%) compared to babies born to mothers who were rich (83 .6%) (p-value = 0.022). In multiple Cox regression analysis socioeconomic status was not a significant risk factor for SGA ( aHR = 1.08; 95% CI; p=0.099), LBW and preterm birth (aHR = 1.17; 95% CI; p= l.41). However, male babies (aHR = 1.80; 95% CI; p=0.012), domestic violence or abuse during pregnancy (aHR = 3.48; 95% CI [1.59 - 7.34]; p = 0.002) and maternal anaemia (aHR = 2.1; 95% CI; p = 0.019) were risk factors for SGA while prior preterm birth ( aHR = 2.02; 95% CI; p = 0.002), HIV infection (aHR = 1.22; 95% CI; p = 0.040) and anaemia (aHR = 1.37; 95% CI; p = 0.009) were predictors of preterm delivery.
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between low socioeconomic status and adverse birth outcomes although being pregnant with a male baby, HIV infection, anaemia and prior preterm birth were significantly associated with SGAand preterm.
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Banerdt, Justin K., Kondwelani Mateyo, Li Wang, Christopher J. Lindsell, Elisabeth D. Riviello, Deanna Saylor, Douglas C. Heimburger, and E. Wesley Ely. "Delirium as a predictor of mortality and disability among hospitalized patients in Zambia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): e0246330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246330.
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Objective To study the epidemiology and outcomes of delirium among hospitalized patients in Zambia. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, from October 2017 to April 2018. The primary exposure was delirium duration over the initial 3 days of hospitalization, assessed daily using the Brief Confusion Assessment Method. The primary outcome was 6-month mortality. Secondary outcomes included 6-month disability, evaluated using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Findings 711 adults were included (median age, 39 years; 461 men; 459 medical, 252 surgical; 323 with HIV). Delirium prevalence was 48.5% (95% CI, 44.8%-52.3%). 6-month mortality was higher for delirious participants (44.6% [39.3%-50.1%]) versus non-delirious participants (20.0% [15.4%-25.2%]; P < .001). After adjusting for covariates, delirium duration independently predicted 6-month mortality and disability with a significant dose-response association between number of days with delirium and odds of worse clinical outcome. Compared to no delirium, presence of 1, 2 or 3 days of delirium resulted in odds ratios for 6-month mortality of 1.43 (95% CI, 0.73–2.80), 2.20 (1.07–4.51), and 3.92 (2.24–6.87), respectively (P < .001). Odds of 6-month disability were 1.20 (0.70–2.05), 1.73 (0.95–3.17), and 2.80 (1.78–4.43), respectively (P < .001). Conclusion Among hospitalized medical and surgical patients in Zambia, delirium prevalence was high and delirium duration independently predicted mortality and disability at 6 months. This work lays the foundation for prevention, detection, and management of delirium in low-income countries. Long-term follow up of outcomes of critical illness in resource-limited settings appears feasible using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule.
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LIN, YAW-JEN, JAMES WANG, NICK SHU, and FOK-CHING CHANG. "CONSTRUCT TEACHING MATERIALS FROM HL7/CDA ELECTRONIC PATIENT RECORDS ACCORDING TO SCORM STANDARD FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 16, no. 04 (August 25, 2004): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237204000268.
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The rise of Web technology leads to the convenience of global information exchanges. Furthermore, E-Learning takes full advantage of cross area characteristic of the web, enabling online learning, at any time, at any place. Thus, SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) was result of such a trend. This study is based on CDA example teaching materials provided by international, HL7 organization, attempting to combine with SCORM standard, constructing a teaching material, which can be provided to hospital doctors, interns, or students while learning HL7/CDA. The teaching materials are based on SCORM standard. Besides in class use, the teaching materials can be shared and used on any SCORM-comptliant LMS (Learning Management Server) platform. In addition, the user can edit data of selected cases from HIS (Hospital Information System) directly on the teaching materials web pages, exporting into HL7/CDA compliant clinical documents, saving extra programming time to achieve inter-hospitals information sharing.
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Kumar, Ajay, Syed Altamash, Amitav Kumar, Pradeep Singhal, and Anurag Bijalwan. "A retrospective study of histopathological exam reports of appendix in appendectomies performed at a teaching hospital in Dehradun." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202417.
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Background: Appendix is a vestigial organ in human body. Inflammation of appendix is termed as appendicitis. The diagnosis of appendicitis still holds dilemma amongst surgeons leading to negative appendectomies on one hand and appendicular perforation on the other hand of therapeutic spectrum. Judicial patient selection for appendectomy and follow up histopathological examination for incidental findings is the cornerstone in management of appendicitis. The current study aims to assess the demographic and histopathological findings of all the appendectomies occurring within study period at our center.Methods: It was a retrospective study over two years done in a teaching hospital of Dehradun. Hospital records were retrieved from medical records department and looked for histopathological findings, demographic details and intervention. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 23. Qualitative and quantitative data were expressed in proportions and mean respectively. T-test was applied for comparison.Results: About 2/3rd of participants were males. The peak age was 20-30 years. 100 underwent open appendectomy and 45 had lap appendectomy. Commonest histopathological exam finding was acute appendicitis (46.2%) followed by peri appendicitis (40%) and resolving appendicitis (28.9%). One specimen had tubercular appendix. There were no negative appendectomies.Conclusions: Elective appendectomy in patients satisfying clinical, lab and radiological criteria can reduce negative appendectomies. Histopathological examination of appendix still holds a valid role for any incidental findings requiring further management.
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H. B., Shashikumar, Madhu B. S., and Ajo Sebastian. "Management of blunt trauma abdomen in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a surgical audit." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20182217.
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Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is a common scenario in Emergency department and the common cause being road traffic accidents. With this study we present our experience with blunt trauma of abdominal solid organ injuries over a period of 12 months.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 45 blunt trauma of abdominal solid organ injuries who presented to the emergency room of Department of General Surgery of Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore from 1st January 17 to 31st December 2017.All date were retrieved from medical records and statistical analysis was performed using Epi info version 7.Results: Mean age of study population was 31.46 years. 78.2% of the patients were males. Thirty-three (73.3%) patients undergone non-operative management. Splenic injury was reported as the most common abdominal solid organ injury followed by liver.Conclusions: With the advent of newer investigative modalities like contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen, more and more cases of blunt trauma abdominal solid organ injury can be managed non-operatively with effective ICU care. High-grade injuries do not preclude non-operative management.
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Alotaibi, Hind, Hend S. Al-Khalifa, and Duaa AlSaeed. "Teaching Programming to Students with Vision Impairment: Impact of Tactile Teaching Strategies on Student’s Achievements and Perceptions." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 5320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135320.
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The United Nations (UN) 2030 agenda involved 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to achieve a better and more sustainable world for all. The fourth Sustainable Development Goal called for “ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all”. Despite international efforts to achieve such a goal, many students with vision impairment (VI) who wish to pursue a degree in computer science face significant challenges and must overcome social and technical obstacles. One challenge is learning how to program as a key skill for pursuing a degree in the field of computer science. This paper explores practical issues in teaching students with VI the basics of programming and presents recommended practices based on a suggested workshop setup. The workshop ran for three weeks, for a total of 60 teaching hours, and involved designing and implementing complete curricula and multi-modal activities to simplify the acquisition of basic programming concepts. Workshop data was collected using several data collection methods—i.e., interviews, observation, questionnaires, performance records, and daily journals. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ programming skills, which was detected through their performance records and final project evaluations. The participants also showed a high interest in learning programming and positive attitudes towards the experience. However, the participants’ experience also involved some challenges such as understanding abstract concepts, code navigation, and some technical issues. The study is hoped to contribute to the literature on education inclusion and to bridge the digital divide in our society.
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Krym, Valerie F., Brent Crawford, and Russell D. MacDonald. "Compliance with guidelines for emergency management of asthma in adults: experience at a tertiary care teaching hospital." CJEM 6, no. 05 (September 2004): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500009581.
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ABSTRACTObjectives:Despite evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the emergency management of asthma, substantial treatment variation exists. Our objective was to assess compliance with the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) / Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) Asthma Advisory Committee’s “Guidelines for the emergency management of asthma in adults” in the emergency department (ED) of a university-affiliated tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted in a Canadian inner city adult ED. Investigators reviewed all ED records for the period from Jan. 1, 2001, to Dec. 31, 2001, and identified adult patients (i.e., >18 years of age) with a primary ED diagnosis of asthma. Hospital records were then reviewed to document compliance with the CAEP/CTS asthma guidelines. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations and frequencies were used to summarize information.Results:Overall compliance with the guidelines was 69.6%, (95% confidence interval, 64.7%–74.5%), but compliance ranged from 41.4% for severe asthma, 67.1% for moderate asthma, and 88.6% for mild asthma. Interobserver reliability for compliance assessment was excellent.Conclusions:Despite publication and dissemination of evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute asthma in adults, guideline compliance at a university-affiliated, inner city, tertiary care teaching hospital ED is suboptimal.
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Pattanashetti, Dr Mallikarjun A., and Dr Manika Alexander. "The Spectrum of Malignant Breast lesions by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in a Teaching Hospital." Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 7, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2021.i04.05.
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Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is one of the preliminary tests done to detectmalignant breast lesions, which help in early detection and management. Studying the cytologyfeatures of various malignant breast diseases was the aim of this study. Methods: This study is across-sectional retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology from 2015 to 2020.Clinical details and cytology features were collected from the Department records. Results: A totalof 75 cases were collected during the study period. All the cases were females. The spectrum oflesions was composed of Ductal carcinoma followed by one point each of Mucinous carcinoma,Malignant Phyllodes tumour and Lobular Carcinoma. Conclusions: FNAC helps in rapid diagnosisand early management of malignant breast lesions.
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Clarke, R. C., and A. I. Gardner. "Anaesthesia Trainees’ Exposure to Airway Management in an Australian Tertiary Adult Teaching Hospital." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 36, no. 4 (July 2008): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0803600425.
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The purpose of this study was to estimate the exposure of trainees to airway management techniques in an Australian tertiary adult teaching hospital. Anaesthesia records for all patients over a 20-week period were reviewed and the following data were obtained: the presence of a trainee, the type of airway used, the grade of the laryngoscopic view and the use of non-standard laryngoscopy for intubation. Data was recorded contemporaneously and analysed retrospectively. The data was then extrapolated to give a yearly estimate of airway procedures per trainee. There were 28 full-time trainees in the department over the study period. The estimated mean number of standard intubations performed per trainee per year was 157.4, with 2.9% being grade 3 or 4 laryngoscopies. The estimated mean annual numbers for other airway techniques were: 1.2 fibreoptic intubations, 0.5 mask-only anaesthetics and 3.7 endobronchial double-lumen tubes. Our results suggest that trainees’ exposure to airway management techniques is not extensive. As there is no previous study to determine experience gained by trainees, we are unable to establish whether there has been a decrease in experience, however we believe this is likely. Although competency is difficult to assess, it may be that this data has implications for training, unsupervised practice and rostering. Experience in certain airway skills may need to be supplemented using techniques such as simulation.
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Chilombe, Moses B., Michael P. McDermott, Karl B. Seydel, Manoj Mathews, Musaku Mwenechanya, and Gretchen L. Birbeck. "Aggressive antipyretics in central nervous system malaria: Study protocol of a randomized-controlled trial assessing antipyretic efficacy and parasite clearance effects (Malaria FEVER study)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): e0268414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268414.
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Background Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Africa where annually, ~250,000 children with malaria experience a neurologic injury with subsequent neuro-disability. Evidence indicates that a higher temperature during the acute illness is a risk factor for post-infectious neurologic sequelae. As such, aggressive antipyretic therapy may be warranted among children with complicated malaria at substantial risk of brain injury. Previous clinical trials conducted primarily in children with uncomplicated malaria and using only a single antipyretic medication have shown limited benefits in terms of fever reduction; however, no studies to date have examined malaria fever management using dual therapies. In this clinical trial of aggressive antipyretic therapy, children hospitalized with central nervous system (CNS) malaria will be randomized to usual care (acetaminophen every 6 hours for a temperature ≥ 38.5°C) vs. prophylactic acetaminophen and ibuprofen every 6 hours for 72 hours. Methods In this double-blinded, placebo controlled, two-armed clinical trial, we will enroll 284 participants from three settings at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi; at the University Teaching Hospitals Children’s Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia and at Chipata Central Hospital, Chipata, Zambia. Parents or guardians must provide written informed consent. Eligible participants are 2–11 years with evidence of P. falciparum malaria infection by peripheral blood smear or rapid diagnostic test with CNS symptoms associated with malaria. Eligible children will receive treatment allocation randomization either to standard of care for fever management or to prophylactic, scheduled treatment every 6 hours for 72 hours with dual antipyretic therapies using acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Assignment to treatment groups will be with 1:1 allocation using blocked randomization. The primary outcome will be maximum temperature in the 72 hours after enrolment. Secondary outcomes include parasite clearance as determined by quantitative Histidine Rich Protein II and seizures through 72 hours after enrolment. Discussion This clinical trial seeks to challenge the practice paradigm of limited fever treatment based upon hyperpyrexia by evaluating the fever-reduction efficacy of more aggressive antipyretic using two antipyretics and prophylactic administration and will elucidate the impact of antipyretics on parasite clearance and acute symptomatic seizures. If aggressive antipyretic therapy is shown to safely reduce the maximum temperature, a clinical trial evaluating the neuroprotective effects of temperature reduction in CNS malaria is warranted.
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Kafle, Santosh Upadhyaya, Dinesh Khadka, Smriti Karki, and Poonam Lavaju. "Spectrum of ocular malignant tumors in a tertiary care teaching hospital." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v3i1.20284.
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Introductions: The pattern of ocular malignant tumors in institutes of Eastern Nepal was analyzed by a retrospective study. Ocular malignant tumors are relatively rare compared to other eye lesions, and require immediate diagnosis and management. Ignorance or unawareness can result into debility, loss of vision, and even death. This study provides spectrum of ocular malignant tumor correlating its pathological and clinical findings.Methods: This cross sectional study includes ninety-six cases of ocular malignant tumors diagnosed in the department of pathology from January 2005 to December 2009. Relevant history, clinical findings and light microscopic findings were reviewed. Descriptive analysis was done.Results: A total of 96 patient’s records were studied. Age ranged between 1-90 years. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Retinoblastoma was found in 34.5%, basal cell carcinoma in (18%), squamous cell carcinoma in 14.5% and malignant melanoma in 10.5%.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and management help to reduce debility and loss of vision in the patients as well as help ophthalmologist in shaping the strategy for diagnosis and management of malignant neoplasm. This help in decreasing morbidity and mortality of the patient. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2016. page: 15-17
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Perpetual Mushivi, Anatolii Tsarkov, Petro Petlovanyi, and Ravi Paul. "The effects of fluoxetine in improving the neurocognitive functioning of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder attending the psychiatric clinic of the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.2.0849.
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Introduction: Stimulants are medicines approved to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents and are considered the first-line pharmacological agents in ADHD management. These medicines are highly controlled and are usually unavailable in Zambia. Therefore, it is important to seek some supplementary therapy that may substitute stimulants. Fluoxetine has been used for its purpose in Zambia. Objective: The main aim of this study was to find out the effects of fluoxetine in improving the neurocognitive functioning of children with ADHD attending our local psychiatric clinic. Two specific objectives guided the study: to identify the effects of fluoxetine in improving attention and executive functioning in children with ADHD and to find out the effects of fluoxetine in improving memory in children with ADHD. Methodology: The study used a causal-comparative study design and a purposive sampling method. 10 patients (aged 7-11) meeting DSM-5 criteria for ADHD were required in this study. The participants were assessed before they started their treatment with fluoxetine and 4 weeks after the therapy started. The research participants' memory, attention, and executive functioning were specifically considered in this study. Results: The analysis of the results for test 2 using ANOVA were as follows; α = 0.05, the critical value for an F with d. f. (4, 40) being 2.61, the F ratio is 9.96 and total mean square is 272.18, and the total sum of squares is 13337. Since α = .05 and d. f. = 4, 40, (we reject H0 since F4,40 ≤2.61). The computed value of the F statistic is 9.96. The null hypothesis was rejected in the second assessment, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the neurocognitive functioning performance of children with ADHD before and after taking fluoxetine. The results of this study indicated that the executive functioning, attention, and memory of ADHD children showed improvement after commencing 4-week fluoxetine therapy.