Academic literature on the topic 'Reconstruction des parties manquantes'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Reconstruction des parties manquantes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Reconstruction des parties manquantes"
1
Al Amer, Ahmad. "Les trois premières sections perdues ou manquantes de Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʾiʿ al-duhūr d’Ibn Iyās." Arabica 62, no. 5-6 (November 5, 2015): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341377.
Full textAbstract:
L’existence ou non des trois premières sections de Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʾiʿ al-duhūr est un sujet qui a fait couler beaucoup d’encre. Devant l’absence de ces sections, certains historiens et spécialistes affirment qu’elles ont existé, d’autres, au contraire, nient cette hypothèse. Dans cet article, nous essayerons de montrer, à partir des éléments récoltés dans les sections existantes des Badāʾiʿ, qu’Ibn Iyās a effectivement écrit les trois premières sections de la chronique. Ibn Iyās, lui-même, déclare à plusieurs reprises dans sa chronique avoir traité de thèmes relatifs à l’histoire préislamique ailleurs que dans les Badāʾiʿ, donc dans des parties dont nous ne disposons pas actuellement. Nous allons donc comparer dans cet article un opuscule que nous avons trouvé en Égypte, avec les sections existantes des Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr pour tenter de montrer qu’il pourrait bien s’agir d’une des premières sections perdues de la chronique et, plus particulièrement, de la première.
2
Levitsky, Steven, and Maxwell A. Cameron. "Democracy without Parties? Political Parties and Regime Change in Fujimori's Peru." Latin American Politics and Society 45, no. 03 (2003): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2003.tb00248.x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPolitical parties are critical to Latin American democracy. This was demonstrated in Peru, where an atomized, candidate-centered party system developed after Alberto Fujimori's 1992 presidential self-coup. Party system decomposition weakened the democratic opposition against an increasingly authoritarian regime. Since the regime collapsed in 2000, prospects for party rebuilding have been mixed. Structural changes, such as the growth of the informal sector and the spread of mass media technologies, have weakened politicians' incentive to build parties. Although these changes did not cause the collapse of the party system, they may inhibit its reconstruction.
3
Hilal, Mustafa Abdullah, and Zaid Jamel Musa AL-Najar. "Comparison Study between Iraqi Conditions of Contract and FIDIC Conditions- The Red Book." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 03 (July 21, 2023): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.03.10.
Full textAbstract:
Reconstruction in Iraq requires coherent legitimate frameworks that are able to detail obligations, rights and responsibilities of the parties participating in reconstruction projects, regardless their type or delivery system.Conditions of Contract can be considered an important component of these frameworks. This paper investigates flexibility and appropriateness of the application of Iraqi conditions of contract in reconstruction projects. These conditions were compared to FIDIC Conditions. The objective wasn't comparing individual clauses, but rather exploring the principles and philosophy laying behind each conditions, and to what extent each conditions care about realizing equity between main contract parties. Validity of application on various project delivery systems was also investigated. The structure of Iraqi and FIDIC conditions were compared to determine how the efficiency of use will be effected by the layout, presentation, organization, and detailing of the contents of each conditions. Moreover, some clauses related to the project parties were compared in order to further illustrate the disparity in efficiency of each conditions. The paper concludes that Iraqi conditions of contract in its current state was, and will continue, hindering the reconstruction efforts in Iraq, as well as being a cause of money waste and bad quality of project outputs.
4
Baharudin, Baharudin. "RECONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL CULTURE OF POLITICAL PARTY IN RECRUITMEN OF LEGISLATIVE MEMBERS WITH GENDER EQUALITY." UNTAG Law Review 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.36356/ulrev.v2i2.926.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The legal culture of political parties in the recruitment of legislative<br />candidates with gender law in Bandar Lampung City is based on a "legal culture" to reveal the legal culture of political parties in the recruitment of legislative candidates with gender equality. The problem: What is the legal culture of political parties in the recruitment of legislative policies that have gender justice, namely the recruitment of legislative candidates not yet gender justice. How to build an ideal community culture in recruiting legislative candidates with gender equality. This study uses the constructivism paradigm, the socio-legal research approach, which is analyzed by Struss and Corbin models. The round of this study: 1. Political parties appear in recruitment and legislative legislation has not yet been adopted in the legal culture, because it still separates women's rights. 2. The legal culture of political parties in the recruitment of legislative candidates has no gender, which is caused by the factors of political parties participating in the election that are still recruiting and in accordance with patriarchal ideology, 3. The ideal legal construction of political parties in recruiting legislative candidates with gender equality, namely recruiting legislative candidates must be fair, not separate women's political rights to be nominated or appointed as<br />legislative candidates in general elections, fulfill legal requirements, not only fulfill 30% representation of women, must be prepared through cadres, education and training, have become members of a political party of at least 6 months to 1 year, noble, loyal, dedicated, and loyal to Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.</p>
5
Svietlakova, M. "Influence of external and internal factors the reconstruction of the party landscape of European countries." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 1(49) (June 8, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2021.1(49).232991.
Full textAbstract:
At the beginning of the ХХІ century, the European Union, particularly its states parties faced a number of complex and unresolved issues. One of the important manifestations of political change that took place in some EU countries was the evolution of party systems. Due to the active globalization processes and the urgent problems facing Europe, it can be asserted that the European party system is currently degrading. Recently, during the years of crisis (economic, migration, political, etc.) there took place a rundown of political parties and a loss of parties’ influence on various local organizations, and most importantly on the electorate. A characteristic feature of the changes that took place in the established political configurations was a clear-cut disruption of party coordinates. The classic division into the right, the left and the centrists proves this. However, in reality it remained, basically, only in the ideological software of the parties. At the same time, the real political course of the party space’s main subjects became less and less conveyed. In truth, this character separates the leading political forces of modern Europe into two directions. Firstly, these parties proclaim to find a way out of the crisis by any means in their activities and at the same time improve the system of integration and globalization relations. In particular, in the scientific community (conservatives, liberals, etc.) they are called traditional parties. Secondly, there is another party side in which ideological and political criteria are expressed more explicitly. There are radical socialists who are dissatisfied with the current social structure of the (modern) state; radical nationalists who oppose the immigration component in modern European life; and separatists who excoriate EU regional strategy. All these points are actively supported by parties that have been defined as anti-systemic by the scientific community.
6
Jacuński, Michał. "Proces digitalizacji partii politycznych — w kierunku interdyscyplinarności badań." Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 31 (October 12, 2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.31.7.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the article is to address the issue of digitalization of political parties. The transformations in the nature of political parties related to the development of digital technologies require a reconstruction of the way scholars used to study party organizations based on well-established party models. The author points to several research areas and challenges related to the digitalization of parties and proposes to go beyond the narrow single-discipline perspective towards an interdisciplinary perspective.
7
Kurniawan, I. Gede Agus. "The Reconstruction of Subjectum Litis in Term of Reflections on Constitutional Dissolution of Political Parties." Jurnal Akta 9, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v9i1.20970.
Full textAbstract:
This legal research aims to examine the awarding of political parties currently in force in Indonesia through the Constitutional Court and provide a conclusive elaboration on the comparison of the dissolution of political parties in Indonesia with Germany and Slovenia. The respect for all aspects of human rights has become the obligation of every people in citizen, including respect for the political rights of citizens. In addition, citizens have the right to participate in the dynamics of government, including the possibility of the public applying for the dissolution of political parties. This legal research statute approach, comparative approach, and conceptual approach to legislation were based on primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials. The study results stated that the Subjectum Litis to the dissolution of political parties was only carried out by executive relations alone; so the public cannot apply for dissolution of political parties. Thus, this may indicate that arbitrariness also reflects the existence of particular political interests that dominate the executive's domination and try to intervene in the juridical aspect. Therefore, the researcher provides recommendations for reconstructing political subjects through various schemes; who can expand the applicant in the process of political dissolution, the applicant in the dissolution of a political party is only extended to all Indonesian people not for their official or position, and the applicant for political dissolution is carried out by the legislative and executive institutions as is practiced in Germany and Slovenia.
8
Spicka, Mark E. "Selling the Economic Miracle: Public-Opinion Research, Economic Reconstruction, and Politics in West Germany, 1949-1957." German Politics and Society 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503002782385462.
Full textAbstract:
Perhaps the most remarkable development in the Federal Republicof Germany since World War II has been the creation of its stabledemocracy. Already by the second half of the 1950s, political commentatorsproclaimed that “Bonn is not Weimar.” Whereas theWeimar Republic faced the proliferation of splinter parties, the riseof extremist parties, and the fragmentation of support for liberal andconservative parties—conditions that led to its ultimate collapse—theFederal Republic witnessed the blossoming of moderate, broadbasedparties.1 By the end of the 1950s the Christian DemocraticUnion/Christian Social Union (CDU), Social Democratic Party(SPD) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) had formed the basis of astable party system that would continue through the 1980s.
9
Pramana, Yudha. "LEGAL RECONSTRUCTION ON DOMESTIC RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS." Jurnal Tax Law and Policy 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2022): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56282/jtlp.v1i1.61.
Full textAbstract:
It is necessary to conduct a juridical study to minimize the transfer of income or the basis of imposition of taxes and fees from one taxpayer to another, which can be engineered to reduce the total amount of tax payable on taxpayers who have speuniquelationships within the country. Based on distributive justice and corrective justice concepts and the hierarchy of laws and regulations (stafenbau theory). This article applies a normative juridical method with an evaluative and prescriptive thought. This method uses a positive legal inventory approach, an approach to legal principles, an approach to legal systematics, and a vertical and horizontal synchronization approach. Tax disputes related to unique relationships still occur. Even related parties’ transactions Domestic transactions are often complex business transactions between companies and their managers, directors, shareholders, or affiliates, making state tax revenues suboptimal. This paper requires an in-depth socio-legal research study, but this paper can enrich empirical research. This paper produces two novelties in the form of legal reconstruction. First, the rules for domestic-related transactions still rely on the arm's length principle (ALP), which is adequate to apply to cross-border transactions between related parties. Domestic special relationship transactions have their complexities. Second, there is a need for legal reconstruction of domestic related party transactions oriented towards increasing compliance (reporting certain transactions) and providing access to tax authorities in jointly taking responsibility for preventing and overcoming suboptimal state tax revenues.
10
Nugroho, Rahmat Muhajir. "Reconstruction of the mechanism of nomination for president and vice president in elections in indonesia." Borobudur Law Review 4, no. 2 (August 20, 2022): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/burrev.6905.
Full textAbstract:
The candidacy threshold of President and Vice President in Act Number 7 the Year 2017 concerning Elections causes the Political Party of Elections Participants unable to submit the President and Vice President candidates independently and the recent political parties that participated in 2019 elections. Political Parties have lost their constitutional rights as they cannot propose the candidates of President and Vice President. It is required to find an alternative mechanism of President and Vice President candidacy which grants more protection to the Political Parties' constitutional rights and achieves the essence of people's sovereignty. Article 222 of Act Number 7 the Year 2017 requires the Political Party to have a minimum of 20% seats in the House of Representatives or a minimum of 25% votes of the previous legislative election to submit presidential candidacy. Meanwhile, article 6A section (2) of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution does not govern regarding President and Vice President candidacy; thus, article 222 of Act Number 7 the Year 2017 contradicts the Constitution. The provision in the Elections Act has several implications, among others, limiting the freedom of political parties to submit president candidate, causing discrimination, injustice, and a material loss to the new political party. Moreover, the threshold is not in accordance with the essence of people's sovereignty as granted in the Constitution.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reconstruction des parties manquantes"
1
NOURIZADEH, NADER GHOLI. "Quelques methodes de reconstruction des donnees manquantes et de selection des variables optimisees pour la regression et l'analyse discriminante." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066258.
Full textAbstract:
Le traitement des fichiers incomplets place le statisticien devant des difficultes telles que le fait que les formules classiques ne sont plus applicables. Par ailleurs, la plupart du temps, en analyse multivariee, certaines variables sont non informatives ou redondantes. Cela necessite avant tout, apres avoir obtenu un fichier complet, de realiser une selection des variables. Pour cela, nous appliquons la regression orthogonale et plusieurs nouvelles methodes de reconstruction des donnees manquantes basees sur la matrice de covariance la plus proche du tableau v. En disposant d'un fichier complet, nous proposons plusieurs methodes exhaustives et non exhaustives pour selectionner les meilleurs sous-ensembles de k-uplets pour la regression et l'analyse discriminante
2
McIntyre, Michael David. "Why sovereignty matters : European populist-nationalist parties and the reconstruction of the concept of sovereignty." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63271.
Full textAbstract:
In the recent decade or so, the western democracies have seen a rise in the fame and electoral success of populist-nationalist parties and candidates, particularly in Europe. For example, French Presidential Candidate Marine Le Pen made it to the second round of the presidential election in 2017. Often, these parties are extremely concerned about state sovereignty and mention it in electoral campaigns, documents and speeches. However, it is unclear as to what populist-nationalists mean when they use the word ‘sovereignty.’ I seek to answer this question in this work. In other words, what does sovereignty mean to populist-nationalist parties? I argue that sovereignty means something different to populist-nationalist parties than what previously conceived definitions of sovereignty can offer. Furthermore, I argue that populist-nationalist parties are reconstructing why sovereignty matters and what it means. In order to do this, I utilize a concept known as cultural sovereignty which, with some modification, accurately portrays what sovereignty means to populist-nationalists. I define cultural sovereignty, differently than previous conceptions, as the aim to benefit, protect or maintain the culture of a particular group, the nation or nation-state and retain control over this particular culture or nation-state. I accurately demonstrate this by examining previous research, party documents, interviews, statements and journalistic articles in order to discern a common narrative which I then use to prove that my version of cultural sovereignty encapsulates what these parties mean by sovereignty. My conclusions arise from four general policy areas: aversion supra-national governance (Euroscepticism mainly), anti-immigration, cultural promotion and protection policies and lastly economic nationalism. The insights put forth by this work help us understand what these parties mean and help us understand their conceptions of the world as well as governance in general.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
3
Dupont, Romain. "Suivi des parties cachées et autres problèmes urbains soulevés par la reconstruction tridimensionnel de l'environnement urbain." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENPC0619.
Full text
4
Marshall, Michael C. "Foreign Sponsorship and the Development of Rebel Parties." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822815/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the emergence, survival, performance, and national impact of rebel parties following negotiated settlements. Building on a growing literature examining the environmental and organizational factors affecting insurgent-to-party transformations, this dissertation asks why some insurgent organizations thrive as political parties in post-conflict environments and others fail to make such a transformation. I propose that foreign actors play a pivotal role in the formation of what I call “protégé parties,” which are better equipped to make the transformation into political parties than other rebel groups. Further, different kinds of sponsors have varying effects on transformation. Empirical analysis supports these propositions, finding that protégé parties with authoritarian sponsorship are better equipped to develop than those backed by democracies or no one.
5
Dupont, Romain. "Suivi des parties cachées dans une séquence vidéo et autres problèmes soulevés par la reconstruction tridimensionelle d'un environnement urbain." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002357.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse se place dans le cadre de la reconstruction de l'environnement urbain via l'utilisation de caméras et d'un télémètre laser. En premier lieu, nous nous intéressons à la segmentation spatiotemporelle des séquences vidéos en vue de traiter les données photographiques fournies par les caméras. Nous présentons une nouvelle technique de segmentation en couches qui extrait les régions de même mouvement paramétrique d'une séquence vidéo. Elle s'appuie sur les contraintes temporelles définies et optimisées sur toutes les images simultanément et non successivement, sans a priori sur la scène. De surcroît, nous considérons dorénavant les parties cachées des couches (parties qui disparaissent et qui réapparaissent). Notre algorithme les extrait et les suit explicitement tout au long de la séquence en s'appuyant sur l'utilisation des graph cuts et de l'alpha-expansion. Les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants: la segmentation est cohérente temporellement et spatialement et robuste aux difficultés inhérentes à l'analyse du mouvement (ambiguités, présence de surfaces non lambertiennes, etc.). En second lieu, nous nous intéressons à l'utilisation des données hétérogènes, ici télémétriques et photographiques, dans un même référentiel afin d'obtenir un modèle tridimensionnel texturé de l'environnement urbain. Le télémètre laser 2D, embarqué sur un véhicule en déplacement, fournit un nuage de points de la structure extérieure de la scène urbaine observée. Les photographies ont, quand à elles, deux finalités: 1) texturer le nuage de points et 2) en faciliter sa segmentation via l'extraction des couches afin d'obtenir un modèle de qualité. Ce dernier doit notamment être correctement triangulé et exempt d'objets indésirables tels que les piétons, voitures, etc. Nous proposons ainsi une nouvelle technique de calibration des capteurs afin de projeter avec précision les données photographiques sur le nuage de points.
6
Meyer, Valentine. "Apport de la reconstruction virtuelle du bassin Regourdou 1 (Dordogne, France) à la connaissance des mécaniques obstétricales néandertaliennes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059802.
Full textAbstract:
La découverte d'un nouveau bassin, Regourdou 1, offre l'occasion de discuter de l'implication fonctionnelle de la morphologie pelvienne néandertalienne. Dans un premier temps, ce spécimen est décrit, ce qui permet de vérifier son appartenance aux Néandertaliens et mettre en évidence certains traits spécifiques à cette population. Bien qu'aucun ne soit autapomorphique, la combinaison de ces caractères caractérise la ceinture pelvienne néandertalienne. Le bassin Regourdou 1 est ensuite reconstruit à l'aide d'une estimation desdonnées manquantes, par thin-plate spline à partir de Kebara 2. Les dimensions du canal pelvien de Regourdou 1sont comparées à celles de deux autres spécimens néandertaliens (Tabun C1 et Kebara 2) et d'une populationmoderne (n=151). L'analyse de la morphologie des détroits obstétricaux néandertaliens (par morphométrie géométrique), et de la relation céphalo-pelvienne, met en évidence la présence de caractéristiques associées chez l'Homme anatomiquement moderne à la naissance rotationnelle. Notre travail confirme l'existence de mécaniques obstétricales néandertaliennes de type moderne. Cette interprétation permet d'enrichir notre connaissance biologique et culturelle de cette population.
7
Rouault-Pic, Sandrine. "Reconstruction en tomographie locale : introduction d'information à priori basse résolution." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005016.
Full textAbstract:
Un des objectifs actuel en tomographie est de réduire la dose injectée au patient. Les nouveaux systèmes d'imagerie, intégrant des détecteurs haute résolution de petites tailles ou des sources fortement collimatées permettent ainsi de réduire la dose. Ces dispositifs mettent en avant le problème de reconstruction d'image à partir d'informations locales. Un moyen d'aborder le problème de tomographie locale est d'introduire une information à priori, afin de lever la non-unicité de la solution. Nous proposons donc de compléter les projections locales haute résolution (provenant de systèmes décrits précédemment) par des projections complètes basse résolution, provenant par exemple d'un examen scanner standard. Nous supposons que la mise en correspondance des données a été effectuée, cette partie ne faisant pas l'objet de notre travail. Nous avons dans un premier temps, adapté des méthodes de reconstruction classiques (ART, Gradient conjugué régularisé et Rétroprojection filtrée) au problème local, en introduisant dans le processus de reconstruction l'information à priori. Puis, dans un second temps, nous abordons les méthodes de reconstruction par ondelettes et nous proposons également une adaptation à notre problème. Dans tous les cas, la double résolution apparait également dans l'image reconstruite, avec une résolution plus fine dans la région d'intérêt. Enfin, étant donné le coût élevé des méthodes mises en oeuvre, nous proposons une parallélisation des algorithmes implémentés.
8
Blelly, Aurore. "Characterization of galactic binary systems by gravitational waves." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASP070.
Full textAbstract:
Le futur observatoire spatial d’ondes gravitationnelles LISA ouvrira une nouvelle fenêtre pour la mesure des ondes gravitationnelles, permettant d’observer des sources difficilement visibles avec les observatoires terrestres actuels. Parmi ces sources, la détection des binaires galactiques promet une richesse d’informations sans précédent, mais soulève également plusieurs défis d’analyse de données. En particulier, le grand nombre de sources attendues et la présence à la fois de bruit et d’artefacts entachant les données nécessitent le développement de méthodes d’analyse robustes.Grâce à une modélisation simple des signaux recherchés, nous montrons qu’il est possible de détecter les signaux en présence de bruit et de les estimer. Nous expliquons ensuite comment ce modèle peut être utilisé pour atténuer efficacement l’impact des données manquantes sur l’analyse. Enfin, nous étudierons ce qu’un nouveau modèle appris peut apporter en termes de caractérisation du signalThe forthcoming space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA will open a new window for the measurement of gravitational waves, making it possible to observe emitting systems hardly visible with the current Earth-based observatories. Among these sources, the detection of galactic binaries promises an unprecedented wealth of information about these systems, but also raises several challenges in signal processing. In particular the large number of expected sources and the presence of both complex instrumental noise and artifacts tainting the data call for the development of robust methods. Through simple modeling of the sought signals, we show that it is possible to detect them accurately in presence of instrumental noise and to recover the signals. We then explain how this model can be used to efficiently mitigate the impact of missing data on the analysis. Finally, we investigate what a new learning-based model can bring in terms of signal characterization
9
Bornard, Raphaël. "Approches probabilistes appliquées à la restauration numérique d'archives télévisées." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657636.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le contexte de la restauration d'archives, nous abordons dans cette thèse la suppression des défauts impulsifs (taches, "dropouts" vidéo). Les méthodes de détection et correction existantes sont limitées par les défaillances de l'estimation de mouvement dues à la présence de phénomènes naturels complexes. Nous cherchons à prendre en compte ces phénomènes que nous qualifions de mouvement pathologique. Pour les deux étapes de détection et de correction, une approche probabiliste est privilégiée et nos algorithmes sont exprimés à l'aide de champs de Markov paramétriques ou non-paramétriques. La méthode de détection que nous proposons s'inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie bayesienne de l'estimation. Nous considérons une fenêtre temporelle plus large que les trois images utilisées habituellement afin de mieux distinguer les défauts des mouvements pathologiques et éviter ainsi les fausses alarmes. Nous proposons également une méthode de correction dans les zones d'information manquante inspirée de travaux sur la synthèse de texture. Après généralisation aux images naturelles, nous intégrons ces approches dans un contexte spatio-temporel qui permet un repli implicite sur une correction spatiale lorsque le mouvement est trop complexe. Les méthodes proposées sont validées séparément puis intégrées dans un prototype complet de suppression des défauts impulsifs.
Books on the topic "Reconstruction des parties manquantes"
1
Reconstruction to reform: Texas politics, 1876-1906. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press, 1999.
Find full text
2
P, Kobbe, and Rünger G, eds. Euskirchen nach dem Zusammenbruch 1945. Euskirchen: Verein der Geschichts- und Heimatfreunde des Kreises Euskirchen, Geschäftsstelle im Kreisarchiv, 1994.
Find full text
3
A, Anastasi, and Giasanti Alberto 1946-, eds. Conflitti sociali e mutamenti politici in Calabria e in Sicilia, 1943-1947: Materiali di ricerca. Milano: Giuffrè, 1989.
Find full text
4
Deutsch, Paul. Memorandum to CAO's Task Force and interested parties [re] Summary of preliminary findings to date, studies of UMB program alternatives. San Francisco: Dept. of City Planning, 1990.
Find full text
5
Deutsch, Paul. Memorandum to CAO's Task Force and interested parties [re] Summary of preliminary findings to date, studies of UMB program alternatives. San Francisco: Dept. of City Planning, 1990.
Find full text
6
Programme--plan d'action pour la construction national: Programme de la coalition pour la reconciliation et la reconstruction nationales : programme--plan d'action de la convergence républicaine pour la construction nationale. Yaoundé, Cameroon]: [publisher not identified], 2003.
Find full text
7
1942-, Jafar Jafar D., and Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-ʻArabīyah (Beirut, Lebanon), eds. Barnāmaj li-mustaqbal al-ʻIrāq baʻda inhāʼ al-iḥtilāl: Al-dustūr, qānūn al-intikhāb, qānūn al-aḥzāb ... : aʻmāl nadwat Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-ʻArabīyah ḥawla "Mustaqbal al-ʻIrāq". Bayrūt: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-ʻArabīyah, 2005.
Find full text
8
Ḍiyāʾ, Jaʻfar Jaʻfar, Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-ʻArabīyah (Beirut, Lebanon), and Nadwat Mustaqbal al-ʻIrāq (Bayrūt : 2005), eds. Barnāmaj li-mustaqbal al-ʻIrāq baʻd inhāʾ al-iḥtilāl: Al-dustūr - qānūn al-intikhāb - qānūn al-aḥzāb - iʻādat al-bināʾ - al-nafṭ - al-iʻlām - al-jaysh - al-qaḍayah al-kurdīyah - al-taʻwīḍāt ; aʻmāl nadwat Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-ʻArabīyah ḥawla "Mustaqbal al-ʻIrāq". Bayrūt: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-ʻArabīyah, 2005.
Find full text
9
Plomley, N. J. B. Jorgen Jorgenson and the Aborigines of Van Diemen's Land: Being a reconstruction of his "lost" book on their customs and habits, and on his role in the Roving Parties and the Black Line. Hobart: Blubber Head Press, 1991.
Find full text
10
Valelly, Richard M. The two reconstructions: The struggle for Black enfranchisement. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Reconstruction des parties manquantes"
1
Sanchez-Sibony, Omar. "Structural Impediments to Party System Reconstruction in Peru." In Democracy without Parties in Peru, 85–127. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87579-4_2.
Full text
2
Guimberteau, J. C. "Appareil fléchisseur : reconstruction en un temps." In La traumatologie des parties molles de la main, 159–78. Paris: Springer Paris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-99068-7_16.
Full text
3
Mouton, P. "Appareil fléchisseur : reconstruction en deux temps." In La traumatologie des parties molles de la main, 179–92. Paris: Springer Paris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-99068-7_17.
Full text
4
Lee, Kyonghee. "The dawn before one-party dominance: South Korea's road to party politics under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, 1961–1963." In Parties as Governments in Eurasia, 1913–1991, 270–95. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003264972-11.
Full text
5
Aldrich, John H., and John D. Griffin. "4/ Parties in the Post-Reconstruction Era." In Why Parties Matter, 68–95. University of Chicago Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226495408.003.0004.
Full text
6
Gosse, Van. "The Very Sebastopol of Niggerdom." In The First Reconstruction, 218–50. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660103.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
New Bedford was the U.S.’s wealthiest city in the U.S., notorious nationally for its visible Black power. Its powerful Quakers patronized black leaders like Nathan Johnson, mentor to a young Frederick Douglass on his 1838 arrival. By then, black Bedforders had established a robust independent politics, forcing all parties to compete for their votes. In the 1840s, younger men like the brothers Ezra and Richard P. Johnson helped lead the local Liberty Party (and later the Free Soil and Free Democratic parties), fighting the dominant Whigs for African American votes. From 1848 through 1854, the black electorate joined a radical biracial coalition led by renegade Democrat Rodney French, Mayor in 1853-54. After 1855, Republicans incorporated black men into party and municipal offices.
7
Wolff, Stefan. "Post-conflict reconstruction." In Ethnic Conflict, 155–87. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192805874.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Once a peace agreement has been signed, interrelationships of conflict parties, their domestic supporters and external sponsors, as well as international mediators, move into a qualitatively new stage. This is usually described as post-conflict reconstruction or post conflict peace building. Despite its widespread use, the label ‘post-conflict’ is in many ways misleading. As we have seen in Chapter 5, peace agreements do not resolve conflicts—at best they provide a framework in which conflicting goals can be accommodated and pursued by means other than political violence, and in which compromises are negotiated and become acceptable because bargaining becomes part of a mutually beneficial political process. Take the example of the Northern Ireland conflict.
8
Marcuse, Herbert. "Policy Toward Revival of Old Parties and Establishment Of New Parties in Germany." In Secret Reports on Nazi Germany. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691134130.003.0019.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on the policy toward the revival of old political parties and the establishment of new ones in post-war Germany from the point of view of the security of the occupying forces and the elimination of Nazism. It evaluates the prospective parties according to their probable attitude toward these two objectives of Allied military government. It also makes recommendations solely on the basis of these objectives. It is assumed, however, that the elimination of Nazism, as one of the purposes of the military occupation of Germany, includes the gradual restoration to the German people of the liberties necessary for the reconstruction of their society in a democratic form, which alone can eliminate the roots of Nazism in Germany. Accordingly, the parties and organizations which may be expected to oppose a democratic reconstruction of Germany are considered in relation to a possible revival of Nazism.
9
Hall, Jonathan M. "Devastation and Reconstruction." In Reclaiming the Past, 63–98. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760532.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explicates the role that Argos played during the Revolutionary War of 1821–1830. It examines how the town played a central part in the episodes of civil unrest that divided the revolutionaries—first, between the military and the civilian parties; then, between the Moreots of the Peloponnese and the Roumeliots of central Greece; and, finally, between the supporters of Kapodistrias and the so-called constitutionalists. The chapter also looks at the Hellenic–Romeic binary and the discovery of relief stele—identified by a French art historian as depicting the fifth-century BCE poetess Telesilla who, according to tradition, had defended Argos against a Spartan invasion. The chapter then argues that the identification need not be the scholarly “Hellenic” imposition of an outside “expert” and that there are some reasons for assuming that the Telesilla legend was circulating locally at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. It then turns to the successive—and ultimately unrealized—urban plans that were drawn up for Argos on the orders of Kapodistrias and suggests that while Kapodistrias was not unconcerned with issues of cultural heritage, they did not rank among his highest priorities.
10
"Chapter Fifteen. Dissolution of political parties by the constitutional court in Turkey:Judicial delimitation of the political domain." In Constitutionalism and Political Reconstruction, 357–77. BRILL, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004151741.i-391.108.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Reconstruction des parties manquantes"
1
Фархутдинов, Р. Д. "Tax reconstruction is a new increment of tax legal relations." In XXIII Международная научная конференция «Цивилизация знаний: российские реалии» «Цивилизационные задачи современного правоведения: наука, образование, практика» (стратегическая панель). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cz22.2022.83.34.001.
Full textAbstract:
Актуальность вопроса применения в налоговых правоотношениях понятий и дефиницией, отсутствующих в праве, предопределяет необходимость исследования такого научного феномена. Важным и практически необходимым полагаем определить регуляторы, позволяющие защитить частные интересы сторон в договоре, выявив пределы воздействия публичного права в коммерческом договоре. The relevance of the issue of the application of concepts and definitions that are absent in the law in tax legal relations determines the need to study such a scientific phenomenon. We consider it important and practically necessary to determine the regulators that allow protecting the private interests of the parties in the contract, and the limits of the impact of the law in the commercial contract.
2
Swanson, Eric, Craig Scherschel, Jack Fraser, Neil Puckett, Shawn Joy, and Kieran Blacker. "Using Geophysics and Geotechnics to Maximize the Building of a Paleolandscape Reconstruction for Both an Archaeological and Geological History." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32533-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the refined and novel components that comprise a methodological proposal of the best practice for the larger paleolandscape reconstruction process in offshore wind development during Site Characterization. To accomplish this goal, several methods were used to bring subject matter experts together to discuss the needs and objectives relative to regulatory compliance, cultural interest, and engineering design in a multi-phase programmatic and survey process. The expansive results from this modeling approach have allowed Qualified Marine Archaeologists (QMAs) to develop, in collaboration with geologists and engineers, the paleolandscape ground model ahead of typical developments by several months. The produced data innovatively multiplied available metrics, allowing adjustment of the regional geologic timeline to date marine Transgressive Channel Groups (TCGs) in the area and allowed better sequencing of the late Pleistocene and corrected some gaps in the region's depositional sequence model. With the resulting ground model, archaeologists, geologists, and engineers improved comprehensive qualitative analyses that can assist with understanding the impacts that anthropogenic activities have in the region. The novel and additive information that this research offers is multi-fold. The methods employed here can aid in reducing challenges and delays associated with traditional non-multi-phase approaches when adopted by other developers or researchers in the offshore space. The efficiency-oriented outcome of adopting this method can reduce larger systematic problems caused by a lack of industry coordination practices in reporting to various engineering and regulatory bodies. They also isolate key features and processes that happen very early on in the process and maximize efficiency by gathering data needed many months to years later in the process. Another additive benefit was the approach of gathering data in the least intrusive and destructive way possible to maximize the knowledge that development and archaeological groups bring to the table when having conversations with consulting parties and government stakeholders. The novelty of this process has expanded synthesis in a way that starts the process early enough that the subject matter experts (SMEs) can develop a robust working ground model while considering multiple components at the same time, rather than teams working in a silo, uninformed of each other's work. The use of this process can grow the project methodology and industry best practice for multiple developers and government entities into the future.
3
Афанасьева, Д. А. "The Classification Problem of Urban Memorial Objects in Northern Ireland (1969–1998)." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.035.
Full textAbstract:
В статье подвергаются критическому анализу существующие в исторической науке и музейной практике подходы к классификации городских мемориальных объектов Северной Ирландии, созданных в период конфликта 1969–1998 гг. Актуальность исследования определяется ключевой ролью мемориальных объектов шести графств Ольстера как исторических источников, позволяющих реконструировать динамику изменения доминирующих в североирландском обществе мемориальных дискурсов и изучить способы идеологической коммуникации радикальных республиканских и юнионистских групп (вооруженных формирований, политических партий) с представителями этноконфессиональных общин. Работа основывается на принципе многофакторности истории и социальных процессов. При рассмотрении предложенных исследователями систем классификации автор применяет аксиологический, компаративный и историко-типологический методы. Особое внимание уделяется аспектам проблемы существования отдельных условно нетипичных памятников, которые по различным признакам не могут быть включены ни в одну из выделенных в рамках различных подходов категорий. На основе сопоставления выделенных исследователем достоинств и недостатков подходов к классификации мемориальных объектов формулируется вывод о нецелесообразности прямого совмещения разработанных схем группировки памятников в качестве уровней единой системы ввиду противоречивости отдельных концепций и их теоретической неупорядоченности. В качестве способа преодоления существующих методологических противоречий предлагается создание универсального способа классификации мемориальных объектов на основе разработки многоуровневой гипертекстовой системы, отображающей единство политических, социальных, культурных процессов, протекавших в Северной Ирландии в период Ольстерского конфликта и после его окончания и минимизирующей вероятность акцидентального исключения определенных памятников из оптики исследователей. This article critically analyses the existing approaches in historical studies and museum practices for classifying urban memorial sites created during the conflict in Northern Ireland which lasted from 1969 to 1998. The research significance lies in the primary role of Ulster's six counties' memorial sites as primary sources that enable the reconstruction of the dynamic patterns of dominant memorial discourses in Northern Irish society. Additionally, they allow to study the methods of ideological communication employed by radical republican and unionist groups (militant groups and political parties) with representatives of ethno-religious communities. The research is based on the multifactorial nature of history and social processes. In examining the proposed classification systems put forth by researchers, this study employs axiological, comparative, and typological historical approaches. Special attention is given to the issue of certain conditionally atypical memorials that cannot be categorized within the identified frameworks of different approaches for various reasons. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the highlighted approaches to classifying memorial objects, the author concludes that directly combining existing monument grouping schemes as levels of a uniform system is ill-advised due to the inconsistency of their individual concepts and theoretical disarray. To overcome these methodological contradictions, the article proposes the development of a universal classification system for memorial objects. This system would be based on a multi-level hypertextual structure that, on the one hand, reflects the unity of political, social, and cultural processes occurring in Northern Ireland during and after the Ulster conflict, and on the other hand, minimises the likelihood of excluding certain memorials from the researchers' purview.
4
de Cidrac, L., L. Radoï, R. Pecorari, and T. Nguyen. "Tumeur à cellules géantes : à propos d’un cas récidivant et agressif à localisation mandibulaire." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603021.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction : La tumeur à cellules géantes (TCG) est une lésion osseuse qui se développe préférentiellement au niveau de l’épiphyse des os longs chez des sujets de 20 à 40 ans, mais exceptionnellement au niveau des maxillaires. D’étiologie inconnue, elle fait partie du groupe des tumeurs osseuses bénignes. Ce groupe nosologique comprend le granulome central à cellules géantes (GCCG), le chérubisme, le kyste anévrismal ainsi que les TCG et les tumeurs brunes liées à l’hyperthyroïdie. L’histologie ne permet pas de poser un diagnostic de certitude entre la TCG et le GCCG. Cependant, les TCG présentent un tableau clinique plus agressif et récidivant. Il existe un risque de transformation maligne en sarcome dans 10 à 20% des cas (Barthélemy 2009) et un fort potentiel métastatique (Martin-Duverneuil 2004). Observation : Le cas rapporté est celui d’une patiente de 28 ans qui présentait une tuméfaction intrabuccale douloureuse de 35mm de grand axe, en distal de 47. Le Cone Beam (CBCT) montrait une lésion osseuse radioclaire sous-jacente de 22mm de grand axe, à proximité d’un apex résiduel de 48. Le diagnostic initial était celui d’un kyste résiduel compliqué d’une cellulite. Le traitement a consisté en une énucléation simple. L’examen anatomopathologique suspectait un granulome périphérique à cellules géantes (GPCG) avec atteinte osseuse. La patiente a été perdue de vue 4 mois jusqu’à la récidive de la lésion. Le nouveau CBCT montrait une lésion ostéolytique de 40mm de grand axe, au niveau de l’angle mandibulaire, envahissant la branche montante avec perforation des corticales et atteinte des tissus mous. Une chirurgie interruptrice mandibulaire en marges saines avec reconstruction par attelle en titane préformée a été réalisée. L’examen anatomopathologique de la pièce d’exérèse n’a pas pu conclure entre GCCG et TCG. La patiente a été suivie 2 ans sans récidive. Discussion : Contrairement au GPCG, le GCCG et la TCG se développent d’abord dans l’os spongieux puis de manière excentrique jusqu’aux corticales osseuses qui peuvent être détruites et aux tissus mous qui sont refoulés ou envahis. Le contenu est mou, de couleur brun-rouge, parfois vacuolaire ou hémorragique. L’examen histologique montre un stroma assez homogène, très vasculaire, contenant, à côté de cellules mononuclées, de grandes cellules multinucléées : les cellules géantes. Le nombre de noyaux serait corrélé avec l’agressivité de la tumeur (Ficarra 1987). Moins fréquente que le GCCG, la TCG est plus agressive. Elle récidive dans environ 50% des cas. La recommandation actuelle est de la traiter par exérèse chirurgicale réglée avec des limites histologiques saines. Le curetage est insuffisant pour prévenir le risque de récidive et de transformation maligne (Barthélémy 2009). Dans le cas rapporté, la forme particulièrement agressive de la tumeur chez cette jeune patiente (récidive en 4 mois avec perforation des corticales et envahissement des parties molles) nous a orienté vers le diagnostic de TCG et un traitement radical de sa récidive. Conclusion : La TCG nécessite un diagnostic précoce et une exérèse en marges saines dès la première intervention afin de diminuer le risque de récidive et d’éviter des traitements plus mutilants.
5
Funk, Greg, and Paul Longsworth. "Opportunity, Risk, and Success: Recognizing, Addressing, and Balancing Multiple Factors Crucial to the Success of a Project Management System Deployed to Support Multi-Lateral Decommissioning Programs." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7342.
Full textAbstract:
This paper addresses the factors involved in effectively implementing a world-class program/project management information system funded by multiple nations. Along with many other benefits, investing in and utilizing such systems improves delivery and drive accountability for major expenditures. However, there are an equally large number of impediments to developing and using such systems. To be successful, the process requires a dynamic combining of elements and strategic sequencing of initiatives. While program/project-management systems involve information technologies, software and hardware, they represent only one element of the overall system. Technology, process, people and knowledge must all be integrated and working in concert with one another to assure a fully capable system. Major system implementations occur infrequently, and frequently miss established targets in relatively small organizations (with the risk increasing with greater complexity). The European Bank of Reconstruction (EBRD) is midway through just such an implementation. The EBRD is using funds from numerous donor countries to sponsor development of an overarching program management system. The system will provide the Russian Federation with the tools to effectively manage prioritizing, planning, and physically decommissioning assets in northwest Russia to mitigate risks associated the Soviet era nuclear submarine program. Project-management delivery using world-class techniques supported by aligned systems has been proven to increase the probability of delivering on-time and on-budget, assuring those funding such programs optimum value for money. However, systems deployed to manage multi-laterally funded projects must be developed with appropriate levels of consideration given to unique aspects such as: accommodation of existing project management methods, consideration for differences is management structures and organizational behaviors, incorporation of unique strengths, and subtle adjustment to compensate weaknesses. This paper addresses the architecture and sequencing of implementation. A properly designed program/project-management system provides necessary tools for those planning the program as a whole, as well as those tasked with delivering individual projects. It also provides a communication framework to transfer information to parties on the funding side of the equation. Aligned program and project management methods are key to making the overall effort effective. Ultimately, progress and transparency are essential outcomes that help to sustain funding and mitigate major funding fluctuations that create havoc for any project. A solid program-management system must provide donor countries the ability to know what is to be accomplished, how much it should cost, and over what period of time, as well as provide adequate transparency into how much is being accomplished at any given point in time. Prioritization, funding, transparency, politics, and many other considerations come into play when dealing with challenges that take decades to overcome. These issues exist for most programs, but the situation becomes even more complex when dealing in a multi-lateral framework. Project management methods and systems relate directly to program level ones and underpin the higher level program system. Before continuing, it is important to summarize the distinctions between program and project management. Program management primarily incorporates efforts relating to the identifying what is to be done over a long time horizon involving multiple projects. Project management, in contrast, generally embodies the efforts of how identified scope shall be done. Many of the efforts performed in each are similar and the distinction between programs and large projects in particular are often blurred. In general, the environment that a program manager deals with involves more uncertainty than a project manager. The essential point, however, is that a program consisting of perfectly sequenced and executed projects can still fail to provide the desired benefit if the overall program strategy is flawed or fails to adequately communicate the vision to the many lower-tier managers involved on individual projects.
6
Radescu, Radu. "INTERACTIVE E-LEARNING APPLICATION FOR STUDYING AND EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCES OF REMOTE FILE SYNCHRONIZATION ALGORITHMS." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-113.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper presents an e-learning application that studies the different ways of performing file compression and the performances obtained in synchronizing them in remote communications. Based on compression, one can estimate the differences between two files and calculate the minimum difference that must be transmitted over a network to synchronize different instances of the same file. The described application implements a client-server communication with network applications, in which a file is transmitted from server to client, the file being encoded to server and decoded to client. Using Delta compression techniques reduces bandwidth when transferring network files as well as their storage space. Delta compression allows for significant file size reduction, which helps increasing the download speed on a computer network. With the help of Delta compression, only the difference between two successive versions of the same file is performed during the upgrade process. The Rsync algorithm performs a unique approach for Delta compression, allowing the client to request changes to a file from the server without the need for the server to keep older versions of that file. Instead, the server dynamically calculates changes in an interactive protocol, which works in two steps. Using the Rsync algorithm to change Delta compressed content, both the client and the management server are released reference versions, thus simplifying the maintenance of the proxy cache. The client keeps a copy of its latest response, and the server uses only the latest version. The main approach for remote file synchronization is the one based on string fingerprints, implemented by the Rsync algorithm, even if it is sub-optimal. Rsync is, at the same time, a software and network protocol for synchronizing files and directories from one location to another, minimizing data transfer by using Delta compression when optimal. An important feature of the Rsync algorithm, which is not found in most similar programs or protocols, is that there is only one transmission for each direction. Rsync can copy or display the contents of directories and copy files, using compression and recurrence optionally. The receiver divides the copy of the file into fixed, non-overlapping blocks, and calculates two checksums for each block: MD5 hash and a smaller checksum, then sends these checksums to the server. From the experimental results obtained in the paper, it is clearly observed that in order to obtain an optimal transfer time on a network it is advisable to use similar files, having the same source file. If the files used are too different, then full file transfer is more useful, because the Delta compression calculation time and file transfer time will be greater than the full file transfer time. This application is interactive, requiring the client to synchronize manually the file, as there may be situations where the user does not need synchronization. Thus, transferring any changes to any file results in a fully synchronized network, which contains the same shared files, with the updated versions. For remote file synchronization techniques, the obtained experimental results indicate the existence of a significant distance in the compression performance between the tools currently available and the theoretical limits. The application presented in the paper accomplishes a client-server communication based on message exchange, in which, after the connection is made, the algorithms described in the paper are applied. The application calculates the Delta file (the difference) between two selected files that may belong to both the client and the server, or only to one of the parties. The Delta file is sufficient to perform the reconstruction of the destination file with only the source file and the Delta file. The Rsync algorithm performs file synchronization between the two communication partners, assuming that any file change has occurred on both sides, in order to keep an updated list of changes permanently. The utility of the Rsync algorithm is very high for any communications network where the bandwidth costs must be kept to a minimum, and file transfer time is an important factor that is intended to be minimized.
Reports on the topic "Reconstruction des parties manquantes"
1
Ahairwe, Pamella, and San Bilal. Boosting EU climate finance: Mitigate more without neglecting adaptation in poorer countries. European Centre for Development Policy Management, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc001.
Full textAbstract:
The 25th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC in Madrid called for the full operationalisation of the Paris Agreement. Europe is committing to green its policies both within and beyond the European Union (EU). Boosting green finance will be critical. European top financial institutions such as the European Central Bank (ECB), the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), which are in a position to advance the European agenda, are joining the battle to curb climate change. This decision follows calls for a Climate Bank at the European level and the recommendation by the High-Level Group of Wise Persons that the EU should adopt a common approach to its external financial architecture and establish a single entity, the so-called European Climate and Sustainable Development Bank. Although global climate financing has increased by 60% over the period 2013-2018, this is not enough. Besides, more resources should be dedicated to climate adaptation, which has been neglected, in particular by European finance institutions. Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), including EIB and EBRD, allocated only 30% of their 2018 climate financing to adaptation. EBRD and EIB allocated as low as 11.8% and 7.6% respectively to adaptation in developing countries. The consequences of climate change, including droughts, floods, plummeting biodiversity and the loss of human lives, are undermining low-income and fragile countries’ development prospects. EU efforts to boost its climate action and finance should encompass not only the vital mitigation endeavour, but also greater attention to climate adaptation, as a means to foster climate justice and to achieve the SDGs also in low-income countries, and in Africa in particular. The new European Green Deal will have to live up to this challenge.