Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reconstruction de mouvements'
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Guerra, Rui. "Intégration des mouvements physiologiques en tomodensitométrie : estimation, reproduction et influence en imagerie cardiaque." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL003N/document.
Full textThe new idea presented in this work takes into account patient motion in the acquisition and reconstruction processes. For this work, the complete acquisition system has been developed in order to reproduce physiologic motion, analyse their effect and propose correction methods to reduce image artefacts. A new methodology based on Doppler Tissue Imaging was used to find the motion in three dimensions of several coronary artery segments. Based on these data, optimal temporal windows were defined for reconstruction and an analysis of the ideal temporal window in the heart cycle was proposed. Both motion models were then used the control of a motion platform and as input for computer simulations. A first analysis carried on coronary calcification showed the influence of respiratory motion. Estimation and correction of motions were then performed on CT raw data and simulated motion. This works shows that it is necessary to include motion in the acquisition/reconstruction algorithms in CT
Bourgeois, Marc. "Correction des mouvements intra-image en imagerie d'activation cérébrale par résonance magnétique." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10143.
Full textSturm, Peter. "Vision 3D non calibrée : contributions à la reconstruction projective et étude des mouvements critiques pour l'auto-calibrage." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004964.
Full textOdille, Freddy Felblinger Jacques. "Imagerie adaptative en IRM utilisation des informations de mouvements physiologiques pour l'optimisation des processus d'acquisition et de reconstruction /." Nancy : Université de Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0107_ODILLE.pdf.
Full textOdille, Freddy. "Imagerie adaptative en IRM : utilisation des informations de mouvements physiologiques pour l’optimisation des processus d’acquisition et de reconstruction." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10107/document.
Full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relatively slow imaging technique. In the context of cardiac and abdominal imaging, patient motion is a major impediment that disturbs the spatial encoding process needed to form an image. Motion results in image deteriorations, called artifacts. These artifacts can take complex forms as this encoding occurs in an unusual space (Fourier/coil sensitivity hybrid space). Generally the patient is asked for a breathhold in order to minimize the influence of respiration, and the acquisition is synchronized to the electrocardiogram in order to handle cardiac contraction. These methods are imperfect and not always applicable, and therefore alternative approaches are desirable. We propose to integrate prior knowledge in the acquisition and reconstruction processes, based on a specially designed platform, developed to acquire and analyze physiological data during the MRI examination. Various solutions are investigated to implement this adaptive imaging, with special care to the correction of motion induced spatial encoding errors. For that purpose, we build a predictive model that allows elastic displacement fields in the field of view to be predicted, from linear combinations of signals provided by the platform. Then we define a generalized reconstruction framework in which predicted displacement data are included, leading to the reconstruction of a motion-compensated image. The hypotheses are analyzed, and the predictive model, as well as the proposed reconstruction methods, are validated on real cardiac and abdominal data from healthy volunteers, in 2D and 3D free breathing scans
Filipovic, Marina. "Application des techniques adaptatives à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique de perfusion." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10030/document.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) requires tools for managing physiological and other motion of the patient. The generation of MR images consists of three steps: data acquisition with a pulse sequence, image reconstruction and image post-processing. Adaptive image reconstruction techniques aim at integrating motion information into the process of image generation from the acquired data, in order to compensate for motion-induced artefacts and problems. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI is a technique designed for assessing the function of organs, by following dynamically the passage of a contrast agent in the body after a bolus injection. Motion-induced problems, especially in abdominal and thoracic DCE-MRI, consist of motion artefacts and misregistration. A new image reconstruction method, DCE-GRICS (Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Generalized Reconstruction by Inversion of Coupled Systems), has been developed for solving these issues. Motion is estimated with a non rigid linear model based on physiological signals obtained from external sensors. Dynamic intensity changes caused by the passage of the contrast agent are described using a linear contrast change model based on B-splines. The method is applied and validated on myocardial perfusion imaging. Motion-induced inaccuracies in intensity-time curves are compensated, in order to allow for more reliable myocardial perfusion quantification by curve post-processing
Labrousse, Marc. "Le contenu de l'angle ponto-cérébelleux : artères et mouvements : morphogenèse, anatomie statique et dynamique." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10078/document.
Full textSeveral vascular and nervous structures are located within the cerebello-pontine angle. In certain pathological conditions, microvascular compression syndroms may occur, where an artery or a vein is compressing a cranial nerve. The purpose of this work in three parts is to investigate some anatomical and physiological bases of these microvascular compression syndroms. The first part focuses on the vertebrobasilar system morphogenesis. A special designed 3D reconstruction original software allowed us to reformate four human embryos from histological serial sections. The three-dimensional views are confirming the classical features thus creating the basis of a larger study based on multiple embryos. The second part shows for the first time the physiological motion of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve at the level of the cerebello-pontine angle, with the help of a phase-contrast MRI sequence. The cranio-caudal and antero-posterior directions and their amplitudes have been studied. These motions are cardiac-cycle-dependant. We used an "oscillating string" model to explain the VCN motion between the brain stem and the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus. The third part of this work is focused on a preliminary study of the variability of the vertebro-basilar arterial fusion along the lifetime. An original software has been designed and allowing the normalisation from nine post-contrast cerebral CT scanners. A ?mean? brain stem was obtained and visualized in front of nine arterial fusion points
Munsch, Marie. "Élaboration d’une méthodologie de reconstruction numérique d’accidents réels piéton." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/MUNSCH_Marie_2011.pdf.
Full textPedestrians are considered the most vulnerable road users and alone account for 13% of killed in road accidents in France. For several years, to improve pedestrian safety, the first step was to understand the relationship between vehicle design and mechanisms of pedestrian injuries. Mathematical multibody models of pedestrians and vehicles have been developed to simulate the kinematics of the victim during impact with the vehicle. These are the modeling efforts that should lead to the definition of the initial conditions of the head at impact for the simulation of head injury using a finite element modeling. In this context, the objective is to develop a methodology for the reconstruction of real pedestrian accident to determine its kinematics and to simulate the head injury. This last step will ultimately extract head injury criteria more accurate than the criteria currently used. It is thus necessary to define mathematical models of vehicle and pedestrian. An evaluation of different models of multibody neck models and head boundary conditions was performed using a multi-modal analysis. Then the thesis will be on developing an automated method of reconstruction of the pedestrian kinematics with multibody modeling. An application of the developed tool is performed on a database of 8 real accidents of pedestrian vs. Vehicle
Malciu, Marius. "Approches orientées modèle pour la capture des mouvements du visage en vision par ordinateur." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273232.
Full textVan, Sint Jan Serge. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un système de reconstruction tridimensionnelle, d'interpolation cinématique et de simulation de mouvements articulaires à partir de l'imagerie médicale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212260.
Full textFrémont, Vincent. "Analyse de séquences d'images pour la reconstruction 3D euclidienne : cas des scènes complexes pour des mouvements de caméra contraints et non contraints." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2102.
Full textLohézic, Maélène. "Reconstructions adaptatives pour l'imagerie par résonance magnétique des organes en mouvement." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10107/document.
Full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool for the clinical diagnosis for brain imaging as well as cardiac and abdominal imaging. For instance, MRI is the only modality that enables the visualization and characterization myocardial edema. However, motion remains a challenging problem for cardiac MRI. Breathing as well as cardiac beating have to be carefully handled during patient examination. Moreover they limit the achievable temporal and spatial resolution of the images. In this work an approach that takes these physiological motions into account during image reconstruction process has been proposed. It allows performing cardiac examination while breathing freely. First, an iterative reconstruction algorithm, that compensates motion estimated from a motion model constrained by physiological signals, is applied to morphological cardiac imaging. A semi-automatic method for edema detection has been tested on reconstructed images. It has also been associated with an adaptive acquisition strategy which enables free-breathing end-systolic imaging. This reconstruction has then been extended to the assessment of transverse relaxation times T2, which is used for myocardial edema characterization. The proposed method, ARTEMIS, enables free-breathing T2 mapping without additional acquisition time. The proposed free breathing approaches take advantage of physiological signals to estimate the motion that occurs during MR acquisitions. Several solutions have been tested to measure this information. Among them, accelerometer-based external sensors allow local measurements at several locations. Another approach consists in the use of k-space based measurements, which are "embedded" inside the MRI pulse sequence (navigator) and prevent from the requirement of additional recording hardware. Hence, several adaptive reconstruction algorithms were developed to obtain diagnostic information from free breathing acquisitions. These works allow performing efficient and accurate free breathing cardiac MRI
Peñaranda, Daniel Ricardo. "Résistance et reconstruction Identitaire dans les Andes Colombiennes. : Le mouvement Armé Quintin Lame." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030040.
Full textThis work lies in the intersection between the process of rural social movements and the armed revolutionary experiences, starting from a specific case in which a community movement, with a strong ethnic base, had to cope with widespread violence because of the simultaneous presence of the social conflict and insurgents armed who disputed the territory and population. This is the Quintin Lame Armed Movement, an organization that acted between 1985 and 1991 in northern Cauca, southwest Colombia. This territory of about 250,000 inhabitants (21% of the national Indian population) is the second largest concentration of native country. Since the seventies, this scenario is the epicenter of the largest social mobilization of Colombia who, forty years later, obtain indisputable successes in its fight for autonomy, the recovery of land for the benefit of Indian communities and valuable cultural elements that have helped to consolidate a successful process of reconstruction of identity
Makaya-Maswaku, Jean. "Interprétation socio-anthropologique des nouveaux mouvements religieux chrétiens dans la ville de Kikwit : :dialectique de la destruction-reconstruction de l'ordre symbolique du sacré." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2001.
Full textFülöp-Balogh, Beatrix-Emőke. "Acquisition multi-vues et rendu de scènes animées." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1308.
Full textRecent technological breakthroughs have led to an abundance of consumer friendly video recording devices. Nowadays new smart phone models, for instance, are equipped not only with multiple cameras, but also depth sensors. This means that any event can easily be captured by several different devices and technologies at the same time, and it raises questions about how one can process the data in order to render a meaningful 3D scene. Most current solutions focus on static scenes only, LiDar scanners produce extremely accurate depth maps, and multi-view stereo algorithms can reconstruct a scene in 3D based on a handful of images. However, these ideas are not directly applicable in case of dynamic scenes. Depth sensors trade accuracy for speed, or vice versa, and color image based methods suffer from temporal inconsistencies or are too computationally demanding. In this thesis we aim to provide consumer friendly solutions to fuse multiple, possibly heterogeneous, technologies to reconstruct and render 3D dynamic scenes. Firstly, we introduce an algorithm that corrects distortions produced by small motions in time-of-flight acquisitions and outputs a corrected animated sequence. We do so by combining a slow but high-resolution time-of-flight LiDAR system and a fast but low-resolution consumer depth sensor. We cast the problem as a curve-to-volume registration, by seeing the LiDAR point cloud as a curve in the 4-dimensional spacetime and the captured low-resolution depth video as a 4-dimensional spacetime volume. We then advect the details of the high-resolution point cloud to the depth video using its optical flow. Second, we tackle the case of the reconstruction and rendering of dynamic scenes captured by multiple RGB cameras. In casual settings, the two problems are hard to merge: structure from motion (SfM) produces spatio-temporally unstable and sparse point clouds, while the rendering algorithms that rely on the reconstruction need to produce temporally consistent videos. To ease the challenge, we consider the two steps together. First, for SfM, we recover stable camera poses, then we defer the requirement for temporally-consistent points across the scene and reconstruct only a sparse point cloud per timestep that is noisy in space-time. Second, for rendering, we present a variational diffusion formulation on depths and colors that lets us robustly cope with the noise by enforcing spatio-temporal consistency via per-pixel reprojection weights derived from the input views. Overall, our work contributes to the understanding of the acquisition and rendering of casually captured dynamic scenes
Fruitet, Joan. "Interfaces Cerveau-Machines basées sur l'imagination de mouvements brefs : vers des boutons contrôlés par la pensée." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838704.
Full textBellec, Dominique. "Genèse d'un credo politique : témoignages de résistance et reconstruction des identités politiques en France et au sortir de la seconde guerre mondiale : 1943-1946." Strasbourg 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30021.
Full textThis work implies that testimonies of resistance published by political actors between 1943 and 1946 are the observable conclusion of personal stories' rewriting activity during the war. The comparison of the texts with the actual trajectories that inspired them provides a view on resistant identities' management during the phase of political reconstruction. It is then possible to apprehend the repertoires of political action which were enabled by the experience of resistance whereas the historical and institutional translation of this experience is collectively at stake. During the 4th Republic, the challenging of the institutions and the implementation of a new role of recourse in political competition will partly be the consequences of a will to carry out these repertoires. The return of General de Gaulle appears, to that regard, as the accomplishment of a mythical reorganisation of the political order, which therefore defines "the Resistance" as one of its main references
Merlin, Thibaut. "Reconstruction 4D intégrant la modélisation pharmacocinétique du radiotraceur en imagerie fonctionnelle combinée TEP/TDM." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22111/document.
Full textPositron emission tomography (PET) is now considered as the gold standard and the main tool for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of oncology patients, especially due to its quantitative aspects. With the advent of multimodal imaging in combined PET and X-ray CT systems, many methodological developments have been proposed in both pre-processing and data acquisition, image reconstruction, as well as post-processing in order to improve the quantification in PET imaging. Another important aspect of PET imaging is its high temporal resolution and ability to perform dynamic acquisitions, benefiting from the high sensitivity achieved with current systems. PET imaging allows measuring and visualizing changes in the biological distribution of radiopharmaceuticals within the organ of interest over time. This time tracking provides valuable information to physicians on underlying metabolic and physiological processes, which can be extracted using pharmacokinetic modeling. The objective of this project is, by taking advantage of dynamic data in PET/CT imaging, to develop a reconstruction method combining in a single process all the correction methodology required to accurately quantify PET data and, at the same time, include a pharmacokinetic model within the reconstruction in order to create parametric images for applications in oncology. In a first step, a partial volume effect correction methodology integrating, within the reconstruction process, the Lucy-Richardson deconvolution algorithm associated with a wavelet-based denoising method has been introduced. A second study focused on the development of a 4D reconstruction methodology performing temporal regularization of the dataset through a set of temporal basis functions, associated with a respiratory motion correction method based on an elastic deformation model. Finally, in a third step, the Patlak kinetic model has been integrated in a dynamic image reconstruction algorithm and associated with the respiratory motion correction methodology in order to allow the direct reconstruction of parametric images from dynamic thoracic datasets affected by the respiratory motion. The elastic transformation parameters derived for the motion correction have been estimated from respiratory-gated PET images according to the amplitude of the patient respiratory cycle. Monte-carlo simulations of two phantoms, a 4D geometrical phantom, and the anthropomorphic NCAT phantom integrating realistic time activity curves for the different tissues, have been performed in order to compare the performances of the proposed 4D parametric reconstruction algorithm with a standard 3D kinetic analysis approach. The proposed algorithm has then been assessed on clinical datasets of several patients with non small cell lung carcinoma. Finally, following the prior validation of the partial volume effect correction algorithm on one hand, and the 4D reconstruction incorporating the temporal regularization on the other hand, on simulated and clinical datasets, these two methodologies have been associated within the 4D reconstruction algorithm in order to optimize the estimation of image derived input functions. The results of this work show that the proposed direct parametric approach allows to maintain a similar noise level in the tumor regions when the statistic decreases, contrary to the 3D estimation approach for which the observed noise level increases. This result suggests interesting perspectives for the reduction of frame duration reduction of 4D reconstruction, allowing a reduction of the total 4D acquisition duration. In addition, the use of input function estimated with the developed temporal regularization methods led to the improvement of the Patlak parameters estimation. Finally, the elastic respiratory motion correction led to a diminution of the estimation bias of both Patlak parameters, in particular for small lesions located in regions affected by the respiratory motion
Bihan-Poudec, Yann. "IRM de diffusion cérébrale à haute résolution : développements des méthodes de reconstruction et de post-traitement." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1299.
Full textDiffusion imaging (dMRI) is a unique method for studying brain microstructure and brain connectivity in a non-invasive way. However, the low resolution and quality of this imaging restricts its use in some applications. The aim of this thesis is to develop very high resolution cerebral MRI on an anesthetized macaque model on a 3T scanner using a segmented 3D echo-planar 3D imaging sequence (3D-msEPI). After a stage of development of the reconstruction and post-processing of the data, we made diffusion images on the macaque brain at an isotropic spatial resolution of 0.5mm. This resolution allowed us to delineate and characterize fine structures such as hippocampal sublayers or superficial white matter, which are undetectable with classical sequences. However, this method is vulnerable to the elastic movements of the brain tissue induced by the cardiovascular pulsations. A strategy of synchronization of the acquisition on this one allowed us to characterize their effects on the very high resolution MRI in the anesthetized monkey. These effects are characterized by ghosting artifacts and signal losses that corrupt images, tensor, and tractography in specific areas of the brain. The synchronization allowed us to realize macaque brain diffusion imaging at spatial resolutions and very high diffusion weights never reached before. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of our method for neuroscientific and medical applications in humans
Pouvreau, Benoît. "Eugène Claudius-Petit, un politique en architecture." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010529.
Full textHeyde, Veronika. "De l’esprit de la résistance jusqu’à l’idée de l’Europe : projets européens et américains pour l’Europe de l’après-guerre : 1940-1950." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040055.
Full textDuring World War II some of the European Resistance movements are thinking about the future of Europe after the end of the hostilities. Tired of fratricidal wars, they hope that some day the peoples of Europe will be able to unite and live together in solidarity and peace. In 1943-44 some leaders of the European Resistance meet in Switzerland, discover the similarities of their programs and decide to work together in order to draft a manifesto for the unification of Europe after the victory over Germany and the end of the war. They also try to obtain the support of the representative of the American secret service in Switzerland, Allen Dulles, but the attempt fails. The American government wishes to win the war first and not to lose time by analysing the idealistic programs of the European resistance. Nevertheless, the American administration is examining several solutions for the reconstruction of Europe and does not exclude the idea of a united Europe. Only the method is different and the very first concern is to create a world that corresponds to the American interests. Even if some officials and study groups recommend the creation of a European federation, the State Department doesn’t favour this solution. It prefers the idea of Europe divided up into several regional blocs and controlled by the future world organization. The American support for the unification of the European continent starts rather slowly after the end of the war when it becomes obvious that Europe can be useful as a commercial partner for the United States and bloc against the expansion of communism
Celis, Leila. "Les mouvements sociaux dans le contexte de conflits armés. Causes et effets de la défense des droits humains (1980-2012). Association nationale paysanne-unité et reconstruction (ANUC-UR); Fédération des paysans et mineurs du Sud de Bolivar (FÉDÉAGROMISBOL); Conseils des communautés afro-descendantes Jiguamiandó et Curvaradó." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23961.
Full textMomey, Fabien. "Reconstruction en tomographie dynamique par approche inverse sans compensation de mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842572.
Full textRit, Simon Miguet Serge Sarrut David. "Prise en compte du mouvement respiratoire pour la reconstruction d'images tomodensitométriques." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/rit_s.
Full textDakpé, Stéphanie. "Etude biomécanique de la mimique faciale." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2203/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to study facials mimics movements and to correlate externat soft tissue (i.e., cutaneous) movement during facial mimics with internal (i.e., facial mimic muscle) movement. The entire facial mimicry couldn't be studied, that's why relevant movements had been selected. Those movements were characterised by a clinically qualitative analysis in 23 young healthy volunteers. The analysis was performed with video recordings including scaling derived from the FACS (Facial Action Coding System). After the validation of external characterisation by this method, internal characterisation of the mimic facial muscle was carried out in 10 volunteers. A modelization of selected facial mimic muscle as Zygomaticus Major was achieved. With this work, morphological parameters could be extracted, 3D morphometric data were analysed to provide a better understanding of cinematic behaviour of muscle in different positions.This research is included in the Simovi Project, which aims to determine to what extent a facial mimic can be evaluated objectively, to select the qualitative and quantitative indicators for evaluation of mimic facial disorders, and to transfer our technological developments in clinical field. This research is a first step and provides data for simulation or developments of measurement tools in evaluation and follow-up of mimic facial disorders
Bonci, Tecla. "La reconstruction du mouvement du squelette : l'enjeu de l'artefact des tissus mous." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10056/document.
Full textIn 3D human movement analysis performed using stereophotogrammetry and skin markers, bone pose can be only indirectly estimated. During a task, soft tissue deformations make the markers move with respect to the underlying bone generating soft tissue artefacts (STA), causing devastating effects on pose estimation and its compensation remains an open issue. The thesis’ aim was to contribute to the solution of this crucial issue. Modelling STA using measurable trial-specific variables is a prerequisite for its removal from marker trajectories. Two STA model architectures are proposed. A thigh marker-level model is first presented. STA was modeled as a linear combination of joint angles involved in the task. The model was calibrated with direct STA measures. The considerable number of model parameters led to defining STA approximations. Three definitions were proposed to represent STA as series of modes : individual marker displacements, marker-cluster geometrical transformations (MCGT), and skin envelope shape variations. Modes were selected using two criteria : modal energy and selecting them a priori. The MCGT allows to select either rigid or non-rigid components. It was also demonstrated that only the rigid component affects joint kinematics. A model of thigh and shank rigid component at cluster-level was then defined. An acceptable trade-off between STA compensation and number of parameters was obtained. These results lead to two main potential applications : generate realistic STAs for simulation
Fleuret, Laurence. "Unicité et ambiguïté de la reconstruction tridimensionnelle du mouvement de courbes rigides." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10241.
Full textPeng, Yong. "In-depth accident investigation of pedestrian impact dynamics and development of head injury risk functions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAD024.
Full textPedestrians are regarded as an extremely vulnerable and high-risk group of road users since they are unprotected in vehicle impacts. More than 1.17 million people throughout the world are killed in road traffic accidents each year. Where, about 65% of deaths involve pedestrians. The head injuries in vehicle-pedestrian collisions accounted for about 30% of all reported injuries on different body regions, which often resulted in a fatal consequence. Such injuries can result in disabilities and long-term sequence, which lead to significant social costs. It is therefore important to study the characteristics of pedestrian accidents and understand the head injury mechanism of the pedestrian so as to improve vehicle design for pedestrian protection. The aim of this study is to investigate pedestrian dynamic response and develop head injury risk functions.In order to investigate the effect of pedestrian gait, vehicle front geometry and impact velocity on the dynamic responses of the head, the multi-body dynamic (MBD) models were used to simulate the head responses in vehicle to pedestrian collisions with different vehicle types in terms of head impact point measured with Wrap Around Distance (WAD), head relative velocity and impact angle. A simulation matrix is established using five vehicle types, and two mathematical models of the pedestrians represented a 50th male adult and a 6 year old child as well as seven pedestrian gaits based on typical postures in pedestrian accidents. In order to simulate a large range of impact conditions, four vehicle velocities (30 km/h, 40 km/h, 50 km/h and 60 km/h) are considered for each pedestrian position and vehicle type.A total of 43 passenger car versus pedestrian accidents were selected from In-depth Investigation of Vehicle Accidents in Changsha, China (IVAC) and German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) database for simulation study. According to real-world accident investigation, accident reconstructions were conducted using multi-body system (MBS) pedestrian and car models under MADYMO simulation environment to calculate head impact conditions, in terms of head impact velocity, head position and head orientation. In order to study kinematics of adult pedestrian, relationship curves: head impact time, throw distance, head impact velocity and vehicle impact velocity, were computed and logistic regression models: head impact velocity, resultant angular velocity, HIC value, head contact force and head injuries, were developed based on the results from accident reconstructions.The automobile windshield, with which pedestrians come into frequent contact, has been identified as one of the main contact sources for pedestrian head injuries. In order to investigate the mechanical behavior of windshield laminated glass in the caseof pedestrian head impact, windshield FE models were set up using different combination for the modeling of glass and PVB, with various connection types and two mesh sizes (5 mm and 10 mm). Each windshield model was impacted with a standard adult headform impactor in an LS-DYNA simulation environment, and the results were compared with the experimental data reported in the literatures.In order to assess head injury risks of adult pedestrians, accident reconstructions were carried out by using Hybrid III head model based on the real-world pedestrian accidents. The impact conditions were obtained from the MBS simulation, including head impact velocity, head position and head orientation. They were used to set the initial conditions in a simulation of a Hybrid III FE head model striking a windshield FE model. Logistic regression models, Skull Fracture Correlate (SFC), head linear acceleration, Head Impact Power (HIP), HIC value, resultant angular acceleration and head injuries, were developed to study brain injury risk.{...]
Bousse, Alexandre. "Problèmes inverses, application à la reconstruction compensée en mouvement en angiographie rotationnelle X." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361396.
Full textUne fois le mouvement estimé, la reconstruction tomographique à un instant de référence est effectuée par une optimisation aux moindres-carrés qui inclut le mouvement ainsi qu'un terme de pénalité qui favorise les valeurs d'intensités fortes pour les voxels au voisinage de la ligne centrale 3-D, et les faibles valeurs pour les autres. Cette méthode a été testée sur des données simulées basées sur des lignes centrales 3-D préalablement extraites de données MSCT.
Brand, Pascal. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle à partir d'une caméra en mouvement : de l'influence de la precision." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005031.
Full textRuan, Su. "Estimation de mouvement et reconstruction tridimensionnelles et stereovision : application a l'angiographie cardiaque biplan." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10052.
Full textLeteneur, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation d'une chaîne de reconstruction 3D du ventricule gauche en mouvement, à partir de séquences échocardiographiques sous incidences apicales : proposition d'une méthode analyse locale du mouvement de la paroi ventriculaire." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10108.
Full textToussaint, Maxime. "Reconstruction multidimensionnelle de type mouvement cyclique en tomographie d'émission par positions: revue et nouvelle approche." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6903.
Full textMenini, Anne. "Mise en oeuvre d'un système de reconstruction adaptif pour l'IRM 3D des organes en mouvement." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0289/document.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has two main features. The first one, its ability to manipulate contrast, is a major advantage compared to the other imaging modalities. It allows to access complementary information for a better detectability and a diagnostic more accurate. This is especially useful for myocardium pathologies. The second feature of MRI is also one of its main drawbacks: the acquisition process is slow. Therefore, patient motion is a significant obstacle because it disturbs the acquisition process, which leads to artifacts in the reconstructed image. Cardiac and thoracic imaging are particularly sensitive to this motion issue. The aim of this thesis is to develop a new motion correction method that can be integrated in a multi-contrast workflow. In a first phase, we studied apart the motion correction problem. To do so, we focused more particularly on the GRICS method which was already developed in the IADI laboratory. This method allows the joint reconstruction of an image free from artifact and a non-rigid motion model that describes the displacements occurring during the acquisition. The first major contribution of this thesis is an improvement of the GRICS method consisting mainly in adapting it to the 3D imaging. This was achieved with a new adaptive regularization method that perfectly suits the inverse problem posed in GRICS. The second major contribution of this thesis consists in the simultaneous management of the motion correction on multiple acquisitions with different contrasts. To do so, the MRI examination is considered as a whole. Thus we make the most of information shared between the different contrasts. All these methods have been applied and validated by simulations, tests on phantom, on healthy volunteers and on patients as part of clinical studies. We aimed more particularly at cardiac MR. Finally the developed methods improve the acquisition and reconstruction workflow in the framework of a real clinical routine
Perrot, Camille Olny Xavier Guyader Jean-Louis Panneton Raymond. "Microstructure et macro-comportement acoustique approche par reconstruction d'une cellule élémentaire représentative /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=perrot.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Contient de références bibliographiques.
Deschênes, François. "Estimation des jonctions, du mouvement apparent et du relief en vue d'une reconstruction 3D de la scène." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ56894.pdf.
Full textDeschênes, François. "Estimation des jonctions, du mouvement apparent et du relief en vue d'une reconstruction 3D de la scène." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1999. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4421.
Full textDeschênes, François. "Estimation des jonctions, du mouvement apparent et du relief en vue d'une reconstruction 3D de la scène." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textPairot, de Fontenay Benoît. "Récupération après reconstruction du ligament croisé antérieur et prévention des ruptures : étude biomécanique d'un mouvement pluri-articulaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10212/document.
Full textSurgical reconstruction is the common treatment after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury in athletes. It usually requires a long period of rehabilitation and the results in terms of return to sport and re-injury rates are not fully satisfactory. The present work has two aims: the enhancement of recovery after ACL tear and the prevention of initial injury. Firstly, we assessed the kinematic and kinetic alterations during a jump task in patients 7 months after ACL reconstruction. Our findings highlight both a lower jumping performance, and greater asymmetries in patients, particularly considering the total joint mechanical work. The operated leg presents deficits at the knee, hip and ankle joints on parameters such as joint range of motion, joint moments and powers. In addition, changes are also found on the non-operated leg, characterized by a modification of the knee and ankle joint angles, and by a lower total joint moment. Secondly, we focused on ACL injury prevention in female athletes. We determinate a way to detect and reduce the neuromuscular risk factors, including “dynamic valgus”, while increasing jumping performance in young basketball female players. In conclusion, maximizing the recovery after ACL tear requires, in the rehabilitation protocol and the patients follow-up, a particular emphasis on the quality of execution of multi-joint task, on each of both lower limbs. Moreover, the detection and management of the neuromuscular risk factors should be systematized in sports or public at risk in order to prevent ACL injury
Allouche, Cyril. "Reconstruction, recalage et modélisation 4D du mouvement du ventricule gauche du cœur humain pour le traitement d'images médicales." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112048.
Full textThe present PhD thesis is devoted novel 3D and 4D reconstruction and registration techniques for cardiac imaging. It was made within the "Philips Research France" laboratories, Medical Imaging Systems group, from October 1999 to November 2001, with academic collaboration with INRIA's EPIDAURE project. Part I describes my work on MRI tagging images, including a very fast and accurate tag detection algorithm, a new interpolation technique for wall motion computation from the grid points and applications to the acquisation of quantitative and clinical motion parameters. Part II introduces novel methods for the building of a 3D compact deformation model of the human left ventricle, then for a statistical 4D (3D+t) model. Part III is devoted to the application of Part II models to surface-based registration. Relevant applications are shown on the wall motion computation in 3D echocardiography. .
Li, Si. "Data acquisition modeling and hybrid coronary tree 3D reconstruction in C-arm CBCT imaging." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S133/document.
Full textThe rotational angiography RX of the coronaries is a standard modality to determine the degree and the number of the coronaries stenosis. The objective of this dissertation aims at improving the 3D reconstruction of the coronary arteries, which can improve the diagnosis, the security and the precision of the minimal invasive interventions.For the first part, the major contribution is improving the calibration procedure of the rotational R-X imaging system. First, we propose a new calibration algorithm based on the classical helical phantom on the Artis-Zeego system. Second, we transfer the geometries to the C-arm coordinate system. Last, we propose the movement models of the projection geometries objectively and systematically at 3 representative work positions. The movement models simplify the clinical procedures. The experiment results indicate that the proposed movement models have an acceptable precision to estimate the acquisition parameters.For the second part work, the major contribution is proposing a new reconstruction method by motion compensation. The steps of the reconstruction method include: the forward projection, the segmentation of the acquired projection, registration, the initial and motion compensated reconstruction. We adopt the advanced Simplified Distance Driven projector to generate the forward projection. We use the mutual information (MI) and rigidity penalty (RP) to be the similarity measure. We adopt the advanced Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Descent (ASGD) to realize the optimization. The initial and the compensated reconstruction are based on the MAP iterative reconstruction. The experiment results indicate that the proposed method improves the quality of the 3D reconstruction. The contrast and the details of the coronary arteries are improved by the proposed motion compensation reconstruction method
Lemière, Joël. "Cytosquelette d'actine et déformations membranaires : du liposome à la reconstruction cellulaire." Paris 7, 2014. https://hal-univ-diderot.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01151494.
Full textMy thesis addresses the role of actin and acto-myosin in organising membranes and controlling their shape. I developed the system of actin shells formed at the liposome membrane through actin polymerization and used skeletal myosin motors to induce shell contraction. Actin polymerization is triggered at the liposome membrane in the inside or outside geometry. For the inside geometry, the actin machinery is encapsulated in liposomes by the inverted emulsion technique. Actin polymerization is triggered by diffusion of ATP and sait through alpha-hemolysin membrane pores through a mechanism that I have characterized during my thesis. Another part of my thesis consisted in characterizing the effect of actin polymerization on a membrane tube pulled from a liposome aspirated in a micropipette. We show that this tube is stabilized by actin dynamics since the force to maintain the tube decreases when actin polymerizes. In parallel with these experiments, I characterized the contractility of liposomes covered with an acto-myosin artificial cortex and developed a method for quantifying the tension generated in artificial cortices using liposome doublet shape changes. A third study of this thesis is about Clathrin-independent endocytic events. Using an asymmetric liposome model, we show that endophilin-A2 specifically and functionally associates with very early uptake structures that are induced by the bacterial Shiga toxin, which is clathrin-independent endocytic cargoe. Our results establish a novel function of endophilin-A2 in clathrin-independent endocytosis
Michoud, Brice. "Reconstruction 3D à partir de séquences vidéo pour l’acquisition du mouvement de personnages en temps réel et sans marqueur." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10156/document.
Full textWe aim at automatically capturing 3D motion of persons without markers. To make it flexible, and to consider interactive applications, we address real-time solution, without specialized instrumentation. Real-time body estimation and shape analyze lead to home motion capture application. We begin by addressing the problem of 3D real-time reconstruction of moving objects from multiple views. Existing approaches often involve complex computation methods, making them incompatible with real-time constraints. Shape-From-Silhouette (SFS) approaches provide interesting compromise between algorithm efficiency and accuracy. They estimate 3D objects from their silhouettes in each camera. However they require constrained environments and cameras placement. The works presented in this document generalize the use of SFS approaches to uncontrolled environments. The main methods of marker-less motion capture, are based on parametric modeling of the human body. The acquisition of movement goal is to determine the parameters that provide the best correlation between the model and the 3D reconstruction.The following approaches, more robust, use natural markings of the body extremities: the skin. Coupled with a temporal Kalman filter, a registration of simple geometric objects, or an ellipsoids' decomposition, we have proposed two real-time approaches, providing a mean error of 6%. Thanks to the approach robustness, it allows the simultaneous monitoring of several people even in contacts. The results obtained open up prospects for a transfer to home applications
Michoud, Brice. "Reconstruction 3D à partir de séquences vidéo pour l'acquisition du mouvement de personnages en temps réel et sans marqueur." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603786.
Full textPerrenot, Béatrice. "Reconstruction tomographique 3D de stents coronaires avec prise en compte du mouvement en angiographie rotationnelle cardiaque par rayons X." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0022/these.pdf.
Full textWhen atherosclerotlc coronary lesions are suspected, current clinical routine relies on X-ray imaging to explore the coronary artery tree. A guidewire carrying a balloon and a stent is conducted through the lesion. The stent position is confirmed by Iwo bal loon radiopaque markerballs and deployed by balloon inflation. The correct sten! deployment can not be checked precisely from the 2D projection images available on current vascular equipment. Lndeed, the sten! which is a sm ali 3D complex mesh with low contras! properties is hardly visible in a number of cases. The physician needs an effective tool to precisely analyse the stent shape in the vessel. We propose to use a set of 2D cone beam projection images acquired und er different points of view to reconstruct 3D images of the stents. Ln this context, the tomographie problem is challenging because of cardiac and respiratory motions. We proposed a formalism to correct motion in X-ray rotational sequences, basis on the motion knowledge of the pair of markerballs in the projection images. We introduce a virtual geometry of acquisition in which the markerballs become motionless. Then, the 3D images are reconstructed with the conventional Feldkamp (FDK) adapted to this new geometry using ali the available images. This work has been assessed on synthetic data and experimental data from the porcine madel. A clinical study is in progress to evaluate our method on human data in Hopital Louis Pradel
Veillard, Damien. "Etude et analyse des signaux d une centrale inertielle MEMS : application à la reconstruction du mouvement d un convoi ferroviaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT311.
Full textThe precise location of a train on the rail network is vital information for traffic management and passenger safety. The European Train Control System (ETCS) features a single-axis accelerometer which measures the longitudinal acceleration of the train. This sensor is one of many sensors onboard providing a precise odometry. However, its measurement is corrupted by the projection of the gravity on the sensitive axis as a function of the inclination of the track. The purpose of this work is to increase the value of this sensor by developing a solution based on a complete inertial system in order to provide a reliable longitudinal acceleration. For this, a state estimator was developed based on an extended Kalman filter and the consideration of constraints on the state vector. The use of updating equation of the Kalman gain forces the state estimation to evolve in a constrained space. In addition, the observation vector has been increased with the information provided by a velocity estimator and a train attitude estimator. The velocity estimator uses a frequency analysis of the accelerometer measurements and the attitude estimator operates the frequency complementarity of gyro and accelerometer measurements, to estimate the roll and pitch angles. This information is then merged with the measurements of the IMU. Finally, experiments were carried out in Turkey on a train and the estimator's performance was validated by comparing the results with data from a high-performance inertial navigation system
Saguin-Sprynski, Nathalie. "Reconstruction de courbes et surfaces à partir de données tangentielles." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10108.
Full textMicro-sensors developed at the LETI (like microaccelerometers or micromagnetometers) are able to give some information about their orientation. So if we put an array of sensors on a object, they will give data about the local tangency of the object. This work consists in reconstructing the shape of the object thanks to these sensors information. The shape can be a curve lying in a plane, or a space curve, and then a surface. Then we propose the motion capture of a shape in deformation, i. E. We will equip a curve or a surface with sensors, make movements and deformations with it, and reconstruct it in the same time via data from sensors. There is a lot of applications (medical, aeronautic, multimedia, hobbyist - do -it - yourself applications), and some materials will be experimented in the same time to test and validate these algorithms
Dekeyser, Fabien. "Restauration de séquences d'images par des approches spatio-temporelles : filtrage et super-résolution par le mouvement." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10124.
Full textLy, Dieu Sang. "Structure from motion with hybrid cameras using point and line features." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0111.
Full textStructure from motion is a widely studied problem in computer vision. It refers to the estimation of camera motion and three-dimensional structure of the scene. There exist numerous solutions to structure from motion problems, varying in types of vision equipment, kinds of image feature and estimation process. Most of them coped with perspective or omnidirectional vision but very few with both. Combining the good resolution provided by perspective cameras and the wide field of view of omnidirectional ones has become an attractive trend. For this reason, we seek for an approach that is applicable to both of these vision sensors. We propose a structure from motion algorithm using lines as this feature possesses many advantageous characteristics over points, especially in urban environment. This method consists of linear motion estimation based on line correspondences, 3D reconstruction and bundle adjustment to refine the camera and structure parameters. Besides lines, points can be integrated in our translation estimation to improve its performance. The contributions of this thesis concern the applicability of the proposed method to any type of central projection cameras including fish-eye ones, the advantage of using line images, and the exploitation of both point and line features
Dupont, Romain. "Suivi des parties cachées et autres problèmes urbains soulevés par la reconstruction tridimensionnel de l'environnement urbain." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENPC0619.
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