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Journal articles on the topic 'Reconcentration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 March 2023

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1

Thompson, William R., and Karen A. Rasler. "War and Systemic Capability Reconcentration." Journal of Conflict Resolution 32, no. 2 (June 1988): 335–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002788032002005.

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2

Kim, Hyunwoo. "Reconcentration of Millennials into Seoul Capital Region." Journal of Korea Real Estate Analysists Association 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.19172/kreaa.26.4.9.

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3

Newell, T. A., M. K. Smith, R. G. Cowie, J. M. Upper, and C. L. Cler. "Characteristics of a Solar Pond Brine Reconcentration System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930500.

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An active brine reconcentration system has been incorporated into the design of the University of Illinois half-acre salt gradient solar pond facility. An important feature of the system is its ability to keep precipitation from diluting the brine. Experimental data presented is in good agreement with a numerical simulation model of the evaporation process. The “film”-type evaporation process used in the system efficiently collects solar energy for evaporating water from brine. Parasitic electrical energy requirements for the evaporation system are 1.2 watts per square meter of evaporation surface area.

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4

Liu, Wen Gang, De Zhou Wei, Cong Han, and Bao Yu Cui. "Application of Small Molecular Inhibitors in Reconcentration of Iron Ore Tailings." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.552.

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Application of small molecular inhibitor in reconcentration of iron ore tailing by direct flotation are discussed. From the results, it can be seen that organic inhibitors are more effective than inorganic inhibitors. When sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium silicate are used as inhibitor, iron grade in concentrates is no more than 30%. However, when organic inhibitors are used as used, iron grade in concentrate are more than 30%. And 2,4-dibydroxy-benzoic acid is the most effective inhibitor to depress quartz. When it is used, iron grade in concentrate is more than 35%. Measurement results of infrared spectrum show that hydrogen bonding adsorption occur between inhibitor and quartz surface.

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5

Négrier, Emmanuel, and Philippe Teillet. "La réforme de l’État culturel local. Reconcentration instrumentale ou « contrôle orienté » ?" Sciences de la société, no. 90 (December 31, 2013): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/sds.542.

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6

Lakhe, S. B., and W. N. Paunikar. "Elution and reconcentration of polioviruses adsorbed on coal from water samples." Water Research 36, no. 15 (September 2002): 3919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00025-8.

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7

Gandhidasan, P. "Reconcentration of Aqueous Solutions in a Packed Bed: A Simple Approach." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 112, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929933.

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8

Metzger, Molly W. "The Reconcentration of Poverty: Patterns of Housing Voucher Use, 2000 to 2008." Housing Policy Debate 24, no. 3 (May 2014): 544–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2013.876437.

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9

Seo, Min Cheol. "The Reconcentration of Seoul Metropolitan Areas since 2015: Population, Manufacturing, and State." Institute For Kyeongki Cultural Studies 43, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26426/kcs.2022.43.2.71.

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This paper is to analyse the reconcentration of Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA)'s population to become clear after 2015, and trace back the background of the phenomena. SMA's population has been over 50% since December 2019, and it came from the outstanding rise of SMA – non SMA population gap in the end of 2015. The high tide of SMA in 2015 is linked directly with two things. One is the big growth of semiconductor and display products in SMA around 2015, and the other is the development of 2nd Dongtan Newtown which the first dwellers moved in 2015. The background factors of the two things are polices that allow industrial complex at Pyeontaek, a southern city of SMA, esp, acceptance of new large semiconductor campus of Samsung Electronics, and create new big city at southern SMA for stabilizing housing price. Throughout this process, our state, S. Korea government had done as if she was an civil affair clergy for giant conglomerate, so called Jaebul. This kind of state is called a neoliberalist state, or Schumpeterian workfare state, which S. Korea takes the form of after the shocks from IMF crisis in 1998. Under that kind of state, the government has become inferior to global multinational conglomerates less and less including Samsung and LG, and her policies for regional equality have been stepped back further and further.

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10

HASHIMOTO, Yuichi. "Spatio-temporal Structure of Buildings and Reconcentration of Dwelling Space in Sapporo City." Chigaku Zasshi (Jounal of Geography) 117, no. 2 (2008): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.117.491.

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11

Moser, S. T., and N. P. Low. "The Central Business District of Melbourne and the Dispersal and Reconcentration of Capital." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 18, no. 11 (November 1986): 1447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a181447.

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This paper is a discussion of the complex spatial dynamic at work in the second largest state capital in Australia. What is happening to the central business district, it is argued, has to be seen in the context of the interaction between the state government and private capital. The evolving sociospatial structure of Melbourne will continue to be conditioned by the changing balance between the opportunities for capital which arise in the course of suburbanisation and the need for the state government and large-scale property interests to maintain a higher rate of investment in the central area.

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12

WARCZOK, J., M. GIERSZEWSKA, W. KUJAWSKI, and C. GUELL. "Application of osmotic membrane distillation for reconcentration of sugar solutions from osmotic dehydration." Separation and Purification Technology 57, no. 3 (November 15, 2007): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.04.012.

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13

Payment, Pierre, and Michel Trudel. "Second-step reconcentration of environmental samples by ammonium sulfate flocculation of beef extract." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-098.

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Some enteric viruses are sensitive to the acid environment utilized during the concentration of viruses from water. The use of a neutral flocculant, neutralized ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation, permitted the recovery of 97% of the simian rotavirus SA-11, 87% of Coxsackievirus B-4, and 88% of poliovirus type 1. This method should permit a better recovery of enteric viruses from the environment.

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14

Warczok, J., M. Ferrando, F. López, A. Pihlajamäki, and C. Güell. "Reconcentration of spent solutions from osmotic dehydration using direct osmosis in two configurations." Journal of Food Engineering 80, no. 1 (May 2007): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.06.003.

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15

Condilis, Anthea, Jon Even Vale, and Tor-Erik Stranna. "Closed loop glycol systems—experience from BP's Shah Deniz gas export project and advances in technology." APPEA Journal 48, no. 1 (2008): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj07016.

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Aker Kværner Process Systems (AKPS) in Norway provided the monoethylene glycol (MEG) regeneration unit for BP’s Shah Deniz Gas Export Project. Design by AKPS began in 2003. The MEG unit was installed by May 2006 at the Sangachal Terminal outside Baku, Azerbaijan. MEG injection was selected to prevent hydrate formation in the pipelines conveying gas and condensate from the Shah Deniz gas field in the Caspian Sea to the onshore terminal. This MEG unit employs full stream reclamation, where reclamation (salts removal) is integrated into the reconcentration process (water removal). The commissioning of this MEG unit by BP was completed by November 2006 and the start-up phase was complete by May 2007. The chemistry of the MEG system was evaluated by AKPS during this period. Improved understanding of the chemistry has led to advances in the design of subsequent MEG units by AKPS. Two fundamental improvements are proposed for future MEG unit designs. One fundamental improvement is the use of a slip stream reclaimer for salts removal. Consequently, the reconcentration operation is not dependent on the operation of the reclaimer, greatly improving the availability and flexibility of the system. Another consequence of slip stream reclamation is the significant reduction in size of the reclaimer, and with this comes reduced capital investment and improved maintainability. The second fundamental improvement is the inclusion of pre-treatment operations for controlled precipitation and removal of low solubility salts originating from formation water and pipeline corrosion. Together with careful consideration of chemical additions to facilitate this precipitation, this design improvement is expected to prevent scaling in the downstream equipment. The function of the reclaimer is primarily to remove high solubility salts (chlorides). Improvements in the design of MEG regeneration units that are described above and the motives behind them are explored in detail.

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16

Thompson, William R. "Dehio, Long Cycles, and the Geohistorical Context of Structural Transition." World Politics 45, no. 1 (October 1992): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010521.

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Leadership long-cycle analyses emphasize the global political economy, sea power, and the cyclical rise and fall of maritime powers. Ludwig Dehio's interpretation of European international politics stressed regional politics, land power, and the cyclical rise and fall of continental powers. Since neither framework totally ignores what the other accentuates, a merger of the two perspectives is quite feasible and results in improved explanatory power. As an illustration, several of Dehio's generalizations about the nature and timing of regional power concentration are tested for the period 1494–1945. The outcome suggests that peaks of regional and global power concentration alternate. Global reconcentration is stimulated, at least in part, by the threat posed by a rising regional challenger.

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17

Tice, Ryan C., and Younggy Kim. "Energy efficient reconcentration of diluted human urine using ion exchange membranes in bioelectrochemical systems." Water Research 64 (November 2014): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.037.

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18

Mahdi, Saleh M., and Rolf O. Sköld. "Reconcentration of a polydisperse non-ionic surfactant in aqueous solution by adsorption induced ultrafiltration." Colloids and Surfaces 68, no. 1-2 (November 1992): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(92)80152-r.

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19

Vilaginès, Ph, A. Suarez, B. Sarrette, and R. Vilaginès. "Optimisation of the PEG reconcentration procedure for virus detection by cell culture or genomic amplification." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (June 1, 1997): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0777.

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A double reconcentration procedure was developed for virus detection in tapwater concentrates obtained by conventional adsorption-elution techniques suitable for cell inoculation as well as for genomic amplification. Using 7.5% PEG 6000 and 2.5% NaCl, a 15min contact time under agitation at room temperature followed by centrifugation (first step: 3,500xg, 90min, 4°C; second step 10,000xg, 20min, 4°C) were the conditions to obtain overall average virus recovery efficiencies of 71% for poliovirus from 900ml eluates and 88, 83 and 75% for poliovirus, coxsackie B2 and rotavirus respectively (400ml eluates). Direct extraction of viral RNA from the first PEG pellet with TrizolTM was efficient for RT-PCR assays without any further treatment. Primer pairs were selected to amplify rotavirus group A and poliovirus in seeded tapwater concentrated by adsorption elution through glass wool. A positive signal was obtained for theoretic virus concentration of 1 PFU. Analysis of field samples (1001) by cell culture and genomic amplification resulted in a higher sensitivity with the latter.

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20

Jothikumar, N., Aparna Dwarkadas, and P. Khanna. "Evaluation of Urea‐Arginine Phosphate Buffer (U‐APB) for reconcentration of viruses in field samples." International Journal of Environmental Studies 39, no. 3 (December 1991): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207239108710697.

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21

Benton, Mark. "“Just the Way Things Are Around Here”: Racial Segregation, Critical Junctures, and Path Dependence in Saint Louis." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 6 (March 8, 2017): 1113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217696988.

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Saint Louis is hyper-segregated, meaning that at least 60 percent of the black-white population would have to relocate to end segregation. This article will use a derived critical juncture framework to analyze the history of segregation in Saint Louis. The complicated geography of Saint Louis is explained. Critical juncture theory and path dependence are explained. Using critical juncture theory, three periods in the history of Saint Louis segregation are analyzed: post-American Civil War, the zoning of Saint Louis City and County, and the suburbanization of whites and dislocation and reconcentration of blacks. These historical moments kept the Saint Louis Region on a path of residential segregation and racial animosity. A discussion is offered that takes into account the normalizing effect that dependent paths can have on attitudes, and a frank consideration of the possibility of desegregation is given.

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22

Gandhidasan, P. "Closed-Type Solar Regenerator: Analysis and Simulation." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 117, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835321.

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Due to many potential problems associated with an open regeneration system in application to reconcentration with liquid desiccants, a closed-type solar regenerator has been simulated and analyzed in this paper. It consists of a flat, blackened, tilted surface with a transparent glazing as a covering. The weak desiccant to be concentrated flows as a thin film over the absorber and the water evaporating from the desiccant due to absorption of solar energy is condensed on the underside of the glass cover. A theoretical model, which includes the variation of rate of evaporation of water along the flow length of the regenerator, has been used to examine the thermal performance of the regenerator. Changes in thermal performance are reported in terms of insolation and the mass of water evaporated from the desiccant for different operating parameters.

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23

Sun, Tieshan. "A longitudinal study of changes in intra-metropolitan employment concentration in Beijing: Decentralisation, reconcentration and polycentrification." Urban Studies 57, no. 4 (September 4, 2019): 748–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019861382.

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This article explores the spatial trend of intra-metropolitan employment concentration in the Beijing metropolitan area from 2004 to 2013. We use multiple-year economic census data and construct a unique longitudinal dataset of employment at the subdistrict level, applying the locally weighted regression method to identify employment centres in Beijing. The results show that jobs continued to decentralise from the urban core to the suburbs in Beijing over the studied period; however, different from the common trajectory of Western metropolitan spatial evolution, decentralised jobs tended to be more concentrated in subcentres and the polycentric urban structure prevailed in Beijing. Polycentricity strengthened in Beijing from 2004 to 2008, but job dispersion increased at the expense of polycentricity during 2008–2013. However, job dispersion did not follow an unstructured model; instead, subcentres played an increasingly important role in structuring the dispersed jobs. Job dispersion in Beijing has been more associated with the scatteration of service jobs, while manufacturing jobs tended to be more concentrated in subcentres, which contributed to the polycentric development of the capital. We also observe the persistence in the location of employment centres in Beijing over the studied period, as well as substantial spatial changes in the boundaries of employment centres, which suggests that the employment concentrations within the metropolitan area are persistent but not static.

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24

Jothikumar, N., Aparna Dwarkadas, and P. Khanna. "A simple elution and reconcentration technique for viruses concentrated on membrane filters from drinking water samples." Water Research 24, no. 3 (March 1990): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(90)90015-x.

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25

Armon, Robert, Max Arella, and Pierre Payment. "A highly efficient second-step concentration technique for bacteriophages and enteric viruses using ammonium sulfate and Tween 80." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-107.

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Addition of Tween 80 to a 1.5% solution of beef extract was found to enhance the elution of bacteriophages adsorbed to electronegative filters. When reconcentration of the eluate was attempted by ammonium sulfate precipitation, a floating layer containing most of the viruses was formed. This floating layer can be obtained with several nonionic detergents including Tween 80 and under a salt saturation of 55% with ammonium sulfate, potassium tartrate, and sodium phosphate. Virus recovery ranged from 91 to 103% and was obtained with several bacteriophage strains. With poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus B-4, and rotavirus SA-11 the recoveries were 100, 20, and 80%, respectively, but toxicity to cell culture was encountered: after removal of the detergent by a second floating layer method the recovery was 32% for poliovirus. Compared with organic flocculation, this method also had both improved recovery for bacteriophages and protective properties for samples frozen at −70 °C.

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26

Lutchmiah, Kerusha, Emile R. Cornelissen, Danny J. H. Harmsen, Jan W. Post, Keith Lampi, Hans Ramaekers, Luuk C. Rietveld, and Kees Roest. "Water recovery from sewage using forward osmosis." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 1443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.773.

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This research is part of the Sewer Mining project aimed at developing a new technological concept by extracting water from sewage by means of forward osmosis (FO). FO, in combination with a reconcentration system, e.g. reverse osmosis (RO) is used to recover high-quality water. Furthermore, the subsequent concentrated sewage (containing an inherent energy content) can be converted into a renewable energy (RE) source (i.e. biogas). The effectiveness of FO membranes in the recovery of water from sewage has been evaluated. Stable FO water flux values (>4.3 LMH) were obtained with primary effluent (screened, not treated) used as the feed solution. Fouling of the membrane was also induced and further investigated. Accumulated fouling was found to be apparent, but not irreversible. Sewer Mining could lead to a more economical and sustainable treatment of wastewater, facilitating the extraction of water and energy from sewage and changing the way it is perceived: not as waste, but as a resource.

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27

Coffey, William J., Claude Manzagol, and Richard Shearmur. "L’évolution spatiale de l’emploi dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal, 1981-1996." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 44, no. 123 (April 12, 2005): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022924ar.

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Un des principaux thèmes de la littérature urbaine contemporaine porte sur la répartition intramétropolitaine des activités économiques. Dans les métropoles nord-américaines, la phase la plus récente de la décentralisation de l'emploi a donné lieu aux « centre-villes périphériques » ou « edge cities » qui sont souvent en compétition directe avec le centre-ville traditionnel. Dans un premier temps, cette recherche examine l'ampleur de la décentralisation de l'emploi entre 1981 et 1996 dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analysons la nature de la décentralisation observée : la reconcentration de l'emploi dans un nombre restreint de pôles d'emploi (polycentricité) ou une dispersion généralisée (« scatteration »). Notre analyse utilise des données portant sur le nombre d'emplois selon le lieu d'emploi des secteurs de recensement. Nos résultats indiquent que, bien que la décentralisation existe à Montréal, elle est de nature polycentrique plutôt que dispersée, même si la dispersion généralisée semble caractériser plusieurs métropoles américaines.

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28

Lee, Jung Gil, and Oh Kyung Kwon. "A Study on the Reconcentration of Diluted Lithium Bromide Solution(LiBr-water) by the Vacuum Membrane Distillation." Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering 32, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2020.32.8.367.

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29

Jothikumar, N., and Dean O. Cliver. "Elution and reconcentration of coliphages in water from positively charged membrane filters with urea-arginine phosphate buffer." Journal of Virological Methods 65, no. 2 (May 1997): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-0934(97)02195-2.

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30

Grob, Konrad, and Eugen Müller. "Sample reconcentration by column-external solvent evaporation or injection of large volumes into gas chromatographic capillary columns?" Journal of Chromatography A 404 (January 1987): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)86867-9.

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31

Xu, Kangning, Dan Qu, Min Zheng, Xuhui Guo, and Chengwen Wang. "Water Reduction and Nutrient Reconcentration of Hydrolyzed Urine via Direct-Contact Membrane Distillation: Ammonia Loss and Its Control." Journal of Environmental Engineering 145, no. 3 (March 2019): 04018144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001496.

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32

Baraou Idi, Souley, Moussa Konaté, Yacouba Ahmed, and Abdoulwahid Sani. "Indices De Minéralisations En Or Dans La Province Panafricaine Du Sud Maradi (Sud Niger)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, no. 21 (June 30, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n21p238.

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Le socle du Sud Maradi (Sud Niger) correspond à l’extrémité Nord du bouclier Bénino-Nigérian, appartenant à la zone mobile panafricaine à l’Est du Craton Ouest-Africain. Cette étude apporte une modeste contribution dans la caractérisation géochimique des minéralisations aurifères de cette province métallogénique panafricaine. A cet effet, l’approche méthodologique mise en oeuvre associe le dosage géochimique de l’or par absorption atomique (Au Fire Assay/AA) pour les roches saines, et la séparation des pépites d’or par l’utilisation de la table à secousse pour les altérites du socle et les sédiments (placers et paléoplacers). Les analyses géochimiques ont mis en évidence l’existence de deux types de minéralisations: primaires et secondaires. Les minéralisations primaires de l’or sont à l’état disséminé (faibles teneurs de 0.005 à 0.017 g/t) mais des teneurs relativement plus élevées (0.006 à 0.017 g/t) ont été enregistrées au voisinage des zones de cisaillement du socle. Tandis que la minéralisation secondaire, mise en évidence dans les altérites du socle, dans les alluvions (placers) et dans les grès du Crétacé (paléoplacers) présentent des teneurs en or plus élevées (5 à 30 g/t), dépassant largement les teneurs des minéralisations primaires observées dans les roches saines du socle. Ce grand écart de teneurs s’explique par un fort lessivage du socle, qui aurait permis une reconcentration de l’or dans les sédiments. The South Maradi (South Niger) basement corresponds to the northeastern part of the Benin-Nigerian Shield, belonging to the Pan-African mobile zone, which is located to the east of the West African Craton. This study brings a modest contribution to the geochemical characterization of gold mineralization in this Pan-African metallogenic province. For this purpose, the methodological approach implemented combines the geochemical determination of gold contents by atomic absorption (Au Fire Assay/AA) for basement rocks and physical separation of gold specks by using the vibrating table process for basement alterites and sediments (placers and paleoplacers). The obtained results showed two types of gold mineralization: primary and secondary. Primary gold mineralization is in a disseminated state (low contents of 0.005 to 0.017 g / t) but relatively the higher values (0.006 to 0.017 g / t) were recorded near the basement shear zones. While the secondary gold mineralization, highlighted in basement alterites, alluvium (placers) and Cretaceous sandstones (paleoplacers) present higher gold contents (5 to 30 g / t) than primary gold contents observed in basement rocks. This large difference in values can be explained by a strong alteration of the basement, which would have allowed a reconcentration of the gold in the sediments.

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33

Nguyen, Son Hoai, Dušan Berek, and Oscar Chiantore. "Reconcentration of diluted polymer solutions by full adsorption/desorption procedure — 1. Eluent switching approach studied by size exclusion chromatography." Polymer 39, no. 21 (October 1998): 5127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10192-6.

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34

Savira, D., M. A. Gunawan, W. A. Draniswari, I. G. Sukadana, and F. Sihombing. "µXRF Application for Uranium Exploration (Case Study: Mamuju Deposit, Indonesia)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012076.

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Abstract Micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) is an advanced analysis technique from conventional XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) that allows analysis of smaller areas even inclusions with irregular shapes and non-homogeneous elements. This method has a spatial resolution up to 10 µm depends on the energy by X-rays so that the excitation beam at the smallest point of the sample surface can be detected. This study explains the application of µXRF to determine the type of deposit and the formation of uranium contained in Takandeang Village, Tapalang District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. The study began with surface geological and radiometry mapping, continued with geological drilling. Collected samples then undergo petrology, petrographic, and geochemical analysis. Three collected samples from drilling sample were analysed using the µXRF. From the analyses we found that the highest uranium anomaly is found in leucitite autobreccias. The anomaly that occurred in the study area was in the form of reconcentration of uranium elements in autobreccia rocks caused by hydrothermal activity which was also supported by magma type and structural control in the study area. In this study case we found that µXRF is usefull for uranium exploration.

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35

Savira, D., M. A. Gunawan, W. A. Draniswari, I. G. Sukadana, and F. Sihombing. "µXRF Application for Uranium Exploration (Case Study: Mamuju Deposit, Indonesia)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012076.

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Abstract Micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) is an advanced analysis technique from conventional XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) that allows analysis of smaller areas even inclusions with irregular shapes and non-homogeneous elements. This method has a spatial resolution up to 10 µm depends on the energy by X-rays so that the excitation beam at the smallest point of the sample surface can be detected. This study explains the application of µXRF to determine the type of deposit and the formation of uranium contained in Takandeang Village, Tapalang District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. The study began with surface geological and radiometry mapping, continued with geological drilling. Collected samples then undergo petrology, petrographic, and geochemical analysis. Three collected samples from drilling sample were analysed using the µXRF. From the analyses we found that the highest uranium anomaly is found in leucitite autobreccias. The anomaly that occurred in the study area was in the form of reconcentration of uranium elements in autobreccia rocks caused by hydrothermal activity which was also supported by magma type and structural control in the study area. In this study case we found that µXRF is usefull for uranium exploration.

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36

Huang, Bai-Fen, Xiao-Dong Pan, Jing-Shun Zhang, Jiao-Jiao Xu, and Zeng-Xuan Cai. "Determination of Vitamins D2 and D3 in Edible Fungus by Reversed-Phase Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8869279.

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Vitamin D is the name given to a series of compounds with antirachitic activity. In this study, we developed a method for quantification of the common Vitamin D, ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), in edible fungus by reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography. The sample was saponified by KOH ethanol solution and extracted with ethyl acetate and n-hexane. After reconcentration, the sample was directly injected for instrumental analysis. The results showed that the spiking recoveries of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 were 80.4–93.8% and 82.3–92.0%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 5%. Comparing to the results of isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, there were no significant differences (P>0.05). The method was applied for testing vitamin D2 and D3 in 9 kinds of edible mushrooms. It showed that vitamin D3 was not detected. The content of vitamin D2 ranged from 0.11 μg/100 g to 123 μg/100 g. The content of vitamin D2 in dried mushroom was the highest, while that in fresh mushroom was the lowest. The limit of quantification was 0.025 μg/100 g.

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Nguyen, Son Hoai, and Du?an Berek. "Reconcentration of diluted polymer solutions by full adsorption/desorption procedure: II. Desorption of macromolecules by a narrow pulse of displacer." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 37, no. 3 (February 1, 1999): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990201)37:3<267::aid-pola3>3.0.co;2-w.

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Weinberg, Edward, Arup K. Sengupta, and Chelsey Shepsko. "Novel Hybrid Ion Exchange Resins for Concurrent Removal, Recovery, Reconcentration, Reuse and Recycle of Pollutant Nutrients (Nitrogen) N and Phosphorus (P)." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 408–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864717821494655.

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Zetzsche, Dirk A., Douglas W. Arner, and Ross P. Buckley. "Decentralized Finance." Journal of Financial Regulation 6, no. 2 (September 20, 2020): 172–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jfr/fjaa010.

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ABSTRACT DeFi (‘decentralized finance’) has joined FinTech (‘financial technology’), RegTech (‘regulatory technology’), cryptocurrencies, and digital assets as one of the most discussed emerging technological evolutions in global finance. Yet little is really understood about its meaning, legal implications, and policy consequences. In this article we introduce DeFi, put DeFi in the context of the traditional financial economy, connect DeFi to open banking, and end with some policy considerations. We suggest that decentralization has the potential to undermine traditional forms of accountability and erode the effectiveness of traditional financial regulation and enforcement. At the same time, we find that where parts of the financial services value chain are decentralized, there will be a reconcentration in a different (but possibly less regulated, less visible, and less transparent) part of the value chain. DeFi regulation could, and should, focus on this reconcentrated portion of the value chain to ensure effective oversight and risk control. Rather than eliminating the need for regulation, in fact DeFi requires regulation in order to achieve its core objective of decentralization. Furthermore, DeFi potentially offers an opportunity for the development of an entirely new way to design regulation: the idea of ‘embedded regulation’. Regulatory approaches could be built into the design of DeFi, thus potentially decentralizing both finance and its regulation, in the ultimate expression of RegTech.

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No, Sang-Gun, and Maeng-Eon Park. "The Geochronology and Geochemistry of Zircon as Evidence for the Reconcentration of REE in the Triassic Period in the Chungju Area, South Korea." Minerals 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10010049.

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The Chungju rare-earth element (REE) deposit is located in the central part of the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt (OMB) in the Southern Korean Peninsula and research on REE mineralization in the Gyemyeongsan Formation has been continuous since the first report in 1989. The genesis of the REE mineralization that occurred in the Gyemyeongsan Formation has been reported by previous researchers; theories include the fractional crystallization of alkali magma, magmatic hydrothermal alteration, and recurrent mineralization during metamorphism. In the Gyemyeongsan Formation, we discovered an allanite-rich vein that displays the paragenetic relationship of quartz, allanite, and zircon, and we investigated the chemistry and chronology of zircon obtained from this vein. We analyzed the zircon’s chemistry with an electron probe X-ray micro analyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The grain size of the zircon is as large as 50 µm and has an inherited core (up to 15 µm) and micrometer-sized sector zoning (up to several micrometers in size). In a previous study, the zircon ages were not obtained because the grain size was too small to analyze. In this study, we analyzed the zircon with laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) for dating purposes. The REE patterns and occurrence of zircon in the quartz–allanite vein match well with previous reported recrystallized zircon, while the behavior of the trace elements shows differences with magmatic and hydrothermal zircon. The 206Pb/238U ages obtained from the zircon in the quartz–allanite vein are from 240.1 ± 2.9 to 257.1 ± 3.5 Ma and this age is included in the tectonic evolution period of the study area. Therefore, we suggest that the quartz–allanite veins in the Gyemyeongsan Formation were formed during the late Permian to early Triassic metamorphic period and the zircon was recrystallized at that time. The Triassic age is the first reported age with zircon dating in the Gyemyeongsan Formation and will be an important data-point for the study of the tectonic evolution of the OMB.

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Reynolds, K. S., C. P. Gerba, and I. L. Pepper. "Rapid PCR-based monitoring of infectious enteroviruses in drinking water." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (June 1, 1997): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0771.

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Currently, the standard method for the detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus in water involves cell culture assay which is expensive and time consuming. Direct RT-PCR offers a rapid and sensitive alternative to virus detection but sensitivity is often reduced by PCR inhibitory substances and the requirement for small reaction volumes. Rapid methods for detection of infectious enteroviruses in PCR inhibitory environmental samples are being developed utilising an integrated cell culture/PCR approach (ICC/PCR). With this approach, 300–4001 of water were concentrated using charged filters followed by a modified 11, 1.5% BEV/glycine elution and organic flocculation reconcentration. Water concentrates were analysed by direct RT-PCR, conventional cell culture and ICC/PCR. For ICC/PCR, sample concentrates were incubated with BGM or FRhK cells for 24–48h. The cell culture lysates were collected following freeze-thaw cycles, centrifuged, resin column purified and PCR amplified. In this study viruses known to be present by cell culture analysis could not be detected by direct PCR. Using the integrated method, virus concentrations as low as 0.001MPN/l of original water were detected in samples which were previously inhibitory to direct PCR. In addition, confirmed enterovirus results were achieved as soon as 48h against 5–16d with cell culture alone. Therefore, the integrated approach overcame some of the traditional problems associated with conventional cell culture and direct RT-PCR by allowing rapid, confirmed detection of low levels of enteroviruses in PCR inhibitory samples.

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Sawyer, Donald. "Climate change, biofuels and eco-social impacts in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1498 (February 11, 2008): 1747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0030.

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While global technical progress is relatively linear, there is wide variation in its environmental and social impacts at the local level, with cycles of expansion and retraction or boom and bust, of long or short duration. Analysis of previous open-ended stages of extraction and agro commodities in the Amazon indicates a general gravitational trend for technical progress to increase productivity and permit transformation of increasingly generic forms of material or energy, rather than relying on the specific physical or chemical properties provided by nature. While increased demand favours frontier expansion in the periphery when there is no other alternative, technical progress ultimately favours spatial reconcentration of production in central countries. The agroenergy stage now beginning involves rapid frontier expansion and offers various environmental and economic opportunities, but also generates a series of negative ecosystemic and socio-economic impacts, which are both direct and indirect, for tropical regions. The Amazon and the Cerrado are particularly vulnerable. Interacting with climate change and land use, the upcoming stage of cellulosic energy could result in a collapse of the new frontier into vast degraded pasture. The present and future impacts can be mitigated through crafting of appropriate policies, not limited to the Amazon, stressing intensified and more sustainable use of areas already cleared, minimizing new clearing and consolidation of alternatives for sustainable use of natural resources by local communities. Coping with these scenarios requires knowledge of complex causal relationships.

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Melo, Danilo Souza, and Mariele de Oliveira Silva. "A QUESTÃO AGRÁRIA NO TERRITÓRIO RURAL DO BOLSÃO/MS: algumas aproximações." Revista Cerrados 14, no. 01 (March 19, 2020): 140–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v14n12016p140a164.

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O Território Rural do Bolsão/MS, a partir do ano de 2006, presencia nova reconcentração fundiária, por meio da expansão territorial do complexo eucalipto-celulose. Circunstância que tem ocasionado visíveis transformações territoriais, especialmente nas áreas circunvizinhas às empresas localizadas próximos aos projetos de reforma agrária. Nessa perspectiva, objetivamos com esta pesquisa: abordar a territorialização do complexo eucalipto-celulose e as estratégias de (re)criação camponesa nos projetos de assentamento da Reforma Agrária, com o intuito de apreender algumas aproximações a respeito da atual questão agrária no Território. Como metodologia de análise, recorremos à: revisão bibliográfica de obras que tratam da questão agrária; como procedimento de coleta de dados: ao trabalho de campo e uso de fontes orais; e como técnica de pesquisa: pela aplicação de entrevistas aleatórias. Por meio desse trabalho percebemos que houve a valorização do preço das terras e a inserção de programas sociais realizados pelas empresas nos assentamentos a partir da expansão do complexo eucalipto-celulose, ocasionando respectivamente a paralisação e privatização da política de Reforma Agrária. Em contrapartida há nos territórios da Reforma Agrária a resistência inovada do campesinato a partir da apropriação tanto dos mercados institucionais PAA e o PNAE quanto pelo fortalecimento dos grupos informais de comércio justo. Palavras-chave: Questão Agrária; Complexo eucalipto-celulose; Cerrado; (Re)criação camponesa; Território Rural do Bolsão/MS. THE AGRARIAN QUESTION IN TERRITÓRIO RURAL DO BOLSÃO/MS: some approaches Abstract The Rural Territory of Bolsão/ MS, from the year 2006, witnesses new land reconcentration through the territorial expansion of eucalyptus-cellulose complex. Circumstance that has caused visible territorial transformations, especially in the surrounding areas of companies located next to agrarian reform projects. In this perspective, we aim with this research: address the territorialization of the eucalyptus-cellulose complex and strategies of (re)creation of peasant settlement projects of agrarian reform, in order to grasp some approaches regarding the current agrarian question in the Territory. As analysis methodology, we used the literature review of works that deal with the land question; as data collection procedure: the field work and the use of oral sources; and as research technique: for the application of random interviews. Through this work we realized that there was the exploitation of land prices and the insertion of social programs undertaken by companies in the settlements from the expansion of the eucalyptus-pulp, causing respectively the paralysis and privatization of land reform policy. Keywords: Agrarian Question; Eucalyptus-cellulose complex; Land reconcentration; Cerrado; Peasant (re)creation; Território Rural do Bolsão/MS. LA CUESTIÓN AGRARIA EN EL TERRITORIO RURAL DEL BOLSÃO/MS: algunas aproximación Resumen Lo Território Rural do Bolsão/MS, la partir del año de 2006, presencia nueva reconcentración agraria, por medio de la expansión territorial del complejo eucalipto-celulosa. Circunstancia que tiene ocasionado visibles transformaciones territoriais, especialmente en las áreas alrededores de las empresas localizadas cercana a los projectos de reforma agraria. En esta perspectiva, objetivamos con esta investigación: abordar la territorialización del complejo eucalipto-celulosa y las estrategias de (re)creacíon campesina en los projectos de asentamiento de la Reforma Agraria, con la meta de aprehender algunas aproximaciones la respeto de la actual cuestión agraria en lo Território. Como metodología de análisis, recorremos a: revisión bibliográfica de obras que tratam de la cuestión agraria; como procedimiento de colecta de datos: al trabajo de campo y uso de fuentes orais; y como técnica de investigación: por la aplicación de entrevistas aleatorias. A través de este trabajo nos dimos cuenta de que era la explotación de los precios de la tierra y la inserción de programas sociales emprendidas por las empresas en los asentamientos de la expansión de la pasta de eucalipto respectivamente, causando la parálisis y la privatización de la política de reforma agraria. Palabras-clave: Cuestión agrária; Complejo eucalipto-celulosa; (Re)creacíon campesina; Cerrado; Território Rural do Bolsão/MS.

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44

Khodaee, Nader, Ali Mehdinia, Reyhaneh Esfandiarnejad, and Ali Jabbari. "Ultra trace analysis of PAHs by designing simple injection of large amounts of analytes through the sample reconcentration on SPME fiber after magnetic solid phase extraction." Talanta 147 (January 2016): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.025.

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45

Akapo, Samuel, June Gupta, Eloisa Martinez, Chithra McCrea, Liwen Ye, and Mark Roach. "Compatibility and Aerosol Characteristic of Formoterol Fumarate Mixed with Other Nebulizing Solutions." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 42, no. 10 (September 9, 2008): 1416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1l273.

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Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPO) are often given admixtures of nebulizable drugs to minimize the time of administration in treatment regimens. Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical compatibility and aerodynamic characteristics of formoterol fumarate 20 μg/2 mL when mixed or sequentially nebulized with budesonide inhalation suspension 0.5 mg/2 mL, ipratropium bromide 0.5 mg/2.5 mL, cromolyn sodium 20 mg/2 mL, or acetylcysteine 10% (100 mg/mL). Methods: The admixtures were prepared in triplicate and analyzed for physicochemical compatibility at 0, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after mixing at room temperature. Physical compatibility was determined by visual examination and measurements of pH, osmolality, and turbidity. Chemical stability was evaluated using compendial or in-house-validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay methods. The aerodynamic characteristics of the admixtures or sequentially nebulized drugs were determined from aerosols generated from a Pari LC Plus nebulizer, using an 8-stage cascade impactor followed by HPLC analysis of the deposited drug. Results: The admixtures remained clear, colorless solutions with no precipitation. except for cloudiness observed in the formoterol/budesonide combination due to budesonide suspension. The pH, osmolality, and turbidity for all admixtures were within the initial values (=3%), and there were no significant changes (=2%) in potency of the active components throughout the 1-hour study period. Due to increased drug volume or reconcentration in the nebulizer cup, the respirable fraction/delivered dose increased significantly (p < 0.05) for the mixed or sequentially nebulized drug Howover, the fine particle fraction (FPF), mass median aerodynamic diameter, and geometric standard deviation generally remained unchanged for all admixtures, with the exception of FPF for the formoterol/budesonide combination. Conclusions: Our results indicate that admixtures of formoterol with budesonide, ipratropium, cromolyn, or acetylcysteine are physically and chemically compatible. However, admixing or sequential nebulization significantly increased the amount of drug delivered compared with single drug nebulization. The clinical implications of the in vitro data in patients with COPD have not been determined.

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Lloyd's Register of Shipping. "Sulphuric acid reconcentrator inspected." NDT & E International 24, no. 1 (February 1991): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90816-l.

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47

Gilmour, R., C. F. Goodhew, G. W. Pettigrew, S. Prazeres, J. J. Moura, and I. Moura. "The kinetics of the oxidation of cytochrome c by Paracoccus cytochrome c peroxidase." Biochemical Journal 300, no. 3 (June 15, 1994): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3000907.

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In work that is complementary to our investigation of the spectroscopic features of the cytochrome c peroxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans [Gilmour, Goodhew, Pettigrew, Prazeres, Moura and Moura (1993) Biochem. J. 294, 745-752], we have studied the kinetics of oxidation of cytochrome c by this enzyme. The enzyme, as isolated, is in the fully oxidized form and is relatively inactive. Reduction of the high-potential haem at pH 6 with ascorbate results in partial activation of the enzyme. Full activation is achieved by addition of 1 mM CaCl2. Enzyme activation is associated with formation of a high-spin state at the oxidized low-potential haem. EGTA treatment of the oxidized enzyme prevents activation after reduction with ascorbate, while treatment with EGTA of the reduced, partially activated, form abolishes the activity. We conclude that the active enzyme is a mixed-valence form with the low-potential haem in a high-spin state that is stabilized by Ca2+. Dilution of the enzyme results in a progressive loss of activity, the extent of which depends on the degree of dilution. Most of the activity lost upon dilution can be recovered after reconcentration. The M(r) of the enzyme on molecular-exclusion chromatography is concentration-dependent, with a shift to lower values at lower concentrations. Values of M(r) obtained are intermediate between those of a monomer (39,565) and a dimer. We propose that the active form of the enzyme is a dimer which dissociates at high dilution to give inactive monomers. From the activity of the enzyme at different dilutions, a KD of 0.8 microM can be calculated for the monomerdimer equilibrium. The cytochrome c peroxidase oxidizes horse ferrocytochrome c with first-order kinetics, even at high ferrocytochrome c concentrations. The maximal catalytic-centre activity (‘turnover number’) under the assay conditions used is 62,000 min-1, with a half-saturating ferrocytochrome c concentration of 3.3 microM. The corresponding values for the Paracoccus cytochrome c-550 (presumed to be the physiological substrate) are 85,000 min-1 and 13 microM. However, in this case, the kinetics deviate from first-order progress curves at all ferrocytochrome c concentrations. Consideration of the periplasmic environment in Paracoccus denitrificans leads us to propose that the enzyme will be present as the fully active dimer supplied with saturating ferrocytochrome c-550.

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Ducassou, Emmanuelle, Thierry Mulder, Sébastien Migeon, Eliane Gonthier, Anne Murat, Marie Revel, Lucilla Capotondi, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Jean Mascle, and Sébastien Zaragosi. "Nile floods recorded in deep Mediterranean sediments." Quaternary Research 70, no. 3 (November 2008): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.02.011.

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AbstractClastic mud beds rich in continental organic matter are observed recurrently in the Nile deep-sea turbidite system. They formed during flooding periods of the river similar to those that induce sapropel formation and occurred during periods of increased density stratification of the eastern Mediterranean. The very fine-grained flood deposits are intercalated within pelagic sediments, sapropels and Bouma-type turbidites. These flood deposits form by the successive reconcentrations of surface (hypopycnal) plumes by convective sedimentation, which in turn generate a fine-grained low-energy hyperpycnal flow. Sea-level high stands seem also to favor hypopycnal plume formation and increase clastic mud bed formation. Consequently, these muddy clastic beds provide a direct link between deep-marine sedimentary records and continental climatic change through flood frequency and magnitude.

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Chen, Luzheng, Nanqi Ren, and Dahe Xiong. "Experimental study on performance of a continuous centrifugal concentrator in reconcentrating fine hematite." International Journal of Mineral Processing 87, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2008.01.002.

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Chen, Luzheng, Siqing Liu, and Shuming Wen. "Performance of a full-scale continuous centrifugal concentrator in reconcentrating fine hematite from tailings." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 27, no. 3 (August 2010): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402236.

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