Relevant bibliographies by topics / Recombinant vaccine

Academic literature on the topic 'Recombinant vaccine'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Recombinant vaccine"

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van Diepen, Michiel, Rosamund Chapman, Nicola Douglass, Leah Whittle, Nicole Chineka, Shireen Galant, Christian Cotchobos, Akiko Suzuki, and Anna-Lise Williamson. "Advancements in the Growth and Construction of Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) for Use as a Vaccine Vector." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101131.

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Attenuated vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) have become increasingly popular as recombinant vaccine vectors, to target both LSDV, as well as other pathogens, including human infectious agents. Historically, these vaccine strains and recombinants were generated in primary (lamb) testis (LT) cells, Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells or in eggs. Growth in eggs is a laborious process, the use of primary cells has the potential to introduce pathogens and MDBK cells are known to harbor bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). In this study, data is presented to show the growth of an attenuated LSDV strain in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. Subsequently, a recombinant LSDV vaccine was generated in BHK-21 cells. Partial growth was also observed in rabbit kidney cells (RK13), but only when the vaccinia virus host range gene K1L was expressed. Despite the limited growth, the expression of K1L was enough to serve as a positive selection marker for the generation of recombinant LSDV vaccines in RK13 cells. The simplification of generating (recombinant) LSDV vaccines shown here should increase the interest for this platform for future livestock vaccine development and, with BHK-21 cells approved for current good manufacturing practice, this can be expanded to human vaccines as well.
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Cuervo, Nancy Stella, Sophie Guillot, Natalia Romanenkova, Mariana Combiescu, André Aubert-Combiescu, Mohamed Seghier, Valérie Caro, Radu Crainic, and Francis Delpeyroux. "Genomic Features of Intertypic Recombinant Sabin Poliovirus Strains Excreted by Primary Vaccinees." Journal of Virology 75, no. 13 (July 1, 2001): 5740–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.13.5740-5751.2001.

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ABSTRACT The trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) contains three different poliovirus serotypes. It use therefore creates particularly favorable conditions for mixed infection of gut cells, and indeed intertypic vaccine-derived recombinants (VdRec) have been frequently found in patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. Nevertheless, there have not been extensive searches for VdRec in healthy vaccinees following immunization with OPV. To determine the incidence of VdRec and their excretion kinetics in primary vaccinees, and to establish the general genomic features of the corresponding recombinant genomes, we characterized poliovirus isolates excreted by vaccinees following primary immunization with OPV. Isolates were collected from 67 children 2 to 60 days following vaccination. Recombinant strains were identified by multiple restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. The localization of junction sites in recombinant genomes was also determined. VdRec excreted by vaccinees were first detected 2 to 4 days after vaccination. The highest rate of recombinants was on day 14. The frequency of VdRec depends strongly on the serotype of the analyzed isolates (2, 53, and 79% of recombinant strains in the last-excreted type 1, 2, and 3 isolates, respectively). Particular associations of genomic segments were preferred in the recombinant genomes, and recombination junctions were found in the genomic region encoding the nonstructural proteins. Recombination junctions generally clustered in particular subgenomic regions that were dependent on the serotype of the isolate and/or on the associations of genomic segments in recombinants. Thus, VdRec are frequently excreted by vaccinees, and the poliovirus replication machinery requirements or selection factors appear to act in vivo to shape the features of the recombinant genomes.
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Ertl, H. C., and Z. Xiang. "Novel vaccine approaches." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 10 (May 15, 1996): 3579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.10.3579.

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Abstract Recent advances in immunology, molecular biology, and peptide biochemistry have allowed the construction of subunit vaccines based on viral or bacterial recombinants, peptides or plasmid vectors. Although none of these approaches is currently being used for mass vaccination (with the exception or vaccinia-rabies G protein recombinant virus for wildlife immunization); several of them are undergoing clinical trials. None of these different vaccine constructs is likely to be totally effective in either the prevention of infectious diseases or immunotherapy of cancer. Recombinant viral vaccines such as those based on vaccinia or adenovirus as a rule induce potent immune responses. Vaccinia viruses have the added advantage of being heat stable and immunogenic after oral application, making them good candidates for wildlife immunization. Recombinants based on replication-defective adenoviruses are safer compared with vaccinia virus recombinants and, as far as our data indicate, have superior efficacy. In addition, they induce excellent immunity upon application to mucosal membranes, suggesting their usefulness as vaccines for infectious agents that enter through the airways or the genital tract. Peptides are of limited benefit in infectious disease prevention but might provide custom-made vaccines for cancer therapy. Genetic vaccines that were first described less than 5 years ago have already progressed to phase I clinical trials in healthy human adults. Provided that their safety can be confirmed, they might be suited to induce immunity to numerous agents.
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Marra, Yasmin, and Fawziah Lalji. "Prevention of Herpes Zoster: A Focus on the Effectiveness and Safety of Herpes Zoster Vaccines." Viruses 14, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14122667.

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Infection with varicella zoster virus typically occurs in children and it can cause primary varicella infection or “chickenpox”, or it can reactivate later in life and cause herpes zoster or “shingles”. Herpes zoster mainly occurs in older adults, causing a reduction in activities of daily living, impacting quality of life, and may lead to serious complications, including chronic pain. Two vaccines are marketed to prevent herpes zoster: the live zoster vaccine and the non-live, recombinant zoster vaccine. The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively. Safety data from the effectiveness studies show similar results to the clinical trials with mostly local injection-site reactions and mild systemic reactions seen with both vaccines, although in larger proportions with the recombinant vaccine. Rare adverse events, occurring less than 1% of the time, have been seen with both vaccine types and include disseminated herpes zoster with the live zoster vaccine and Guillain–Barré syndrome with the recombinant vaccine. The wider use of preventative measures with vaccines will reduce the herpes zoster burden of illness seen in older adults.
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Hudu, Shuaibu Abdullahi, Saadatu Haruna Shinkafi, and Shuaibu Umar. "AN OVERVIEW OF RECOMBINANT VACCINE TECHNOLOGY, ADJUVANTS AND VACCINE DELIVERY METHODS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i11.14311.

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Development of an effective vaccine is of paramount important in disease prevention and control. As such, recombinant technology can serve as a gateway for the development of safe and effective vaccines that can be delivered effectively with an appropriate adjuvant. Therefore, this paper aimed to review the role of recombinant vaccine technology, new adjuvants and the challenge of vaccine delivery. Related peer-reviewed journal article searches were conducted using a subscribed database at the Universiti Putra Malaysia library, involving areas of Health Sciences and Medicine via Medline, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. New generation vaccines include highly purified synthetic or recombinant antigens that stimulate effective cell-mediated immune and mucosal immunity. In order to enhance their efficacy, a number of adjuvants are used. Efforts have also been made to explore the usage of non-invasive routes of administration, devices and equipment for optimized antigen and immune-potentiator delivery of the immune system. Recombinant vaccine technology is rapid, compared to the traditional method of vaccine development and does not require the handling of live viruses. It is, therefore, a promising technology for developing a future vaccine to curb emerging and re-emerging viral infections that may be life-threatening or teratogenic.
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Wu, Xiao-Xin, Hang-Ping Yao, Nan-Ping Wu, Hai-Nv Gao, Hai-Bo Wu, Chang-Zhong Jin, Xiang-Yun Lu, Tian-Shen Xie, and Lan-Juan Li. "Ebolavirus Vaccines: Progress in the Fight Against Ebola Virus Disease." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 37, no. 5 (2015): 1641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000438531.

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Ebolaviruses are highly infectious pathogens that cause lethal Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Due to their high pathogenicity and transmissibility, as well as the potential to be misused as a bioterrorism agent, ebolaviruses would threaten the health of global populations if not controlled. In this review, we describe the origin and structure of ebolaviruses and the development of vaccines from the beginning of the 1980s, including conventional ebolavirus vaccines, DNA vaccines, Ebola virus-like particles (VLPs), vaccinia virus-based vaccines, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)-like replicon particles, Kunjin virus-based vaccine, recombinant Zaire Ebolavirus∆VP30, recombinant cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccines, recombinant rabies virus (RABV)-based vaccines, recombinant paramyxovirus-based vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccines. No licensed vaccine or specific treatment is currently available to counteract ebolavirus infection, although DNA plasmids and several viral vector approaches have been evaluated as promising vaccine platforms. These vaccine candidates have been confirmed to be successful in protecting NHPs against lethal infection. Moreover, these vaccine candidates were successfully advanced to clinical trials. The present review provides an update of the current research on Ebola vaccines, with the aim of providing an overview on current prospects in the fight against EVD.
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Koeberling, Oliver, Isabel Delany, and Dan M. Granoff. "A Critical Threshold of Meningococcal Factor H Binding Protein Expression Is Required for Increased Breadth of Protective Antibodies Elicited by Native Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2011): 736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00542-10.

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ABSTRACTNative outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) (not detergent treated), which are prepared from recombinant strains with attenuated endotoxin activity and overexpressed factor H binding protein (fHbp), elicited broad serum bactericidal antibody responses in mice. The amount of overexpressed fHbp required for optimal immunogenicity is not known. In this study we prepared NOMV vaccines from LpxL1 knockout (ΔLpxL1) mutants with penta-acylated lipooligosaccharide and attenuated endotoxin activity. The recombinant strains had wild-type (1×) fHbp expression or were engineered for 3-fold- or 10-fold-increased fHbp expression (3× or 10× fHbp). Control vaccines included NOMV from ΔLpxL1/ΔfHbp mutants or recombinant fHbp. In mice, only the 10× fHbp NOMV vaccine elicited significantly higher serum IgG anti-fHbp antibody titers than the corresponding 1× fHbp NOMV or recombinant fHbp vaccine. The 10× fHbp NOMV vaccine also elicited higher bactericidal responses (P< 0.05) against five group B strains with heterologous PorA than the recombinant fHbp or 1× fHbp NOMV vaccine. The 3× fHbp NOMV vaccine gave higher bactericidal titers against only one strain. Serum bactericidal titers in mice immunized with the control ΔfHbp NOMV vaccines were <1:10, and bactericidal titers in mice immunized with the 10× fHbp NOMV vaccine were <1:10 after adsorption of anti-fHbp antibodies. Mixing antiserum to NOMV vaccines from fHbp knockout mutants with antiserum to recombinant fHbp did not increase anti-fHbp bactericidal titers. Thus, a critical threshold of increased fHbp expression is required for NOMV vaccines to elicit broad serum bactericidal responses, and the antibodies conferring protection are directed primarily at fHbp.
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Schlom, Jeffrey. "Recombinant cancer vaccines and new vaccine targets." Expert Review of Vaccines 12, no. 10 (October 2013): 1121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2013.836913.

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Stover, C. Kendall. "Recombinant vaccine delivery systems and encoded vaccines." Current Opinion in Immunology 6, no. 4 (August 1994): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-7915(94)90143-0.

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Dewidar, Abdelmonem A. A., Walid H. Kilany, Azza A. El-Sawah, Salama A. S. Shany, Al-Hussien M. Dahshan, Islam Hisham, Magdy F. Elkady, and Ahmed Ali. "Genotype VII.1.1-Based Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccines Afford Better Protection against Field Isolates in Commercial Broiler Chickens." Animals 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12131696.

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This study evaluated the efficacy of live and inactivated conventional GII LaSota and recombinant GVII Newcastle disease vaccines in commercial broilers. The experimental groups (G2–G7) were vaccinated on day 7 and day 21 of age with live vaccines from the same vaccine type “GII LaSota, GVII vaccine (A), GVII vaccine (B)” via eye drop; however, G3, G5, and G7 received a single dose from inactivated counterpart vaccines subcutaneously on day 7 of age. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated based on elicited humoral immunity, clinical protection, and reduction in virus shedding after challenge with virulent GVII 1.1. strain. Results demonstrated that live and inactivated recombinant GVII vaccine based on VG/GA strain backbone elicited superior protection parameters (100% protection). Although the conventional GII LaSota live and inactivated vaccination regime protected 93.3% of vaccinated birds, the virus shedding continued until 10 DPC. The post-vaccination serological monitoring was consistent with protection results. The study concludes that conventional GII ND vaccines alone are probably insufficient due to the current epidemiology of the GVII 1.1 NDV strains. Our findings further support that protection induced by recombinant GVII 1.1. ND vaccines are superior. Interestingly, the efficacy of recombinant ND vaccines seemed to be influenced by the backbone virus since the VG/GA backbone-based vaccine provided better protection and reduced virus shedding.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Recombinant vaccine"

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Hand, Nicholas. "Development of a Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Cancer Vaccine." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10635177.

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New treatments for neuroblastoma are desperately needed; high-risk neuroblastoma patients have a less than 50% five-year survival rate despite intensive treatment. The greatest impact on improving survival rates for cancer patients in recent years is the result of a number of immunotherapeutic approaches. A proportion of high-risk neuroblastoma patients undergo spontaneous regression, possibly mediated by the immune system, indicating the potential of immunotherapies targeting neuroblastoma-associated antigens. Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASV) are cost-effective and have shown efficacy against a number of pathogen-associated antigens and are easily adapted for use as cancer immunotherapies. Here we cloned survivin, a neuroblastoma tumor-associated antigen into RASV expression plasmids to develop 24 RASV candidate vaccines with an array of select phenotypes. While conventional recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines are permanently attenuated, the RASV used here are engineered with inducible in vivo attenuation and other delayed phenotypes shown to improve immune responses. Survivin expression did not impact the growth or stability of any of the RASV constructs. Six of the constructs were tested in vivo, the RASV survived in the gut lumen, and all RASV-immunized mice produced anti-Salmonella responses. Protein/adjuvant immunized mice produced humoral and cellular survivin specific immune responses; however two independent in vivo experiments showed that no survivin specific immune responses were induced in survivin-expressing RASV immunized mice. Based on the results, a number of improvements to the future development of the vaccine are suggested.

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Cook, Jeremy K. "Recombinant immunotargeting antigen, antibody fusions in vaccine design." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/NQ35130.pdf.

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Herr, Roger Alan. "Evaluation of Coccidioides posadasii antigens as recombinantly expressed monovalent, divalent, and chimeric vaccine candidates." Connect to full-text via OhioLINK ETD Center, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1160404292.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Medical University of Ohio, 2006.
"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences." Major advisor: Garry Cole. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: ii, 206 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Title at ETD Web site: Evaluation of two homologous Coccidioides posadasii antigens as recombinantly expressed monovalent, divalent, and chimeric vaccine candidates. Bibliography: pages 75-83, 116-120, 165-169, 185-204.
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Al-Zarouni, Mansour. "Expression of recombinant antigen in BCG." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843308/.

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Little is known about the effect of different modes of expression of an antigen in rBCG on immune response. An appropriate wing of the immune system, with different degrees, is activated upon encounter with a foreign antigen. Knowledge of these responses is vital to the development of future recombinant vaccine. Various E. coli-mycobacterial species shuttle vector constructs were made using a combination of mycobacterial promoters and signal sequences. Thus enabling foreign antigens to be expressed cytoplasmically or secreted outside rBCG as native proteins or membrane-associated lipoproteins. A pivotal study using an E. coli beta-lactamase as a reporter gene is described for the evaluation of the strength of promoter and signal sequence constructs both in vitro and most importantly in vivo using the mouse macrophage cell line J-774. Expression of the diphtheria toxin fragment B as a foreign antigen was detected in vitro with all constructed plasmid vectors in rBCG using a western blot as a means of detection. It was observed that all hsp60 promoter-based constructs exhibited a high frequency with variable degree of plasmid DNA deletions Using three different rBCG substrains, the BCG Tokyo was found to be more stable (P < 0.01) and exhibited less degree of deletion (P < 0.001) compared to either BCG Moreau or BCG Pasteur. Sequence analysis of deleted plasmid DNA revealed a specific region common with nearly all plasmid deletions. Such a region of the DNA was found to correspond to the first transcriptional starting site of the hsp60 promoter. Furthermore no differences were observed in the level of expression among the three-rBCG substrains, retaining plasmid DNA, when detected by immunoblotting.
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Danet, Nicolas. "Molecular characterisation of the recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus- ZEBOV-GP virus, prototype vaccine against Ebola virus." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1009/document.

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Ebolavirus (EBOV) est un filovirus responsable de fièvres hémorragiques virales sévères chez l’humain, qui peuvent être létales dans 90% des cas. L’actuelle épidémie en République Démocratique du Congo et l’ampleur démesurée de l'épidémie de 2014-2016 en Afrique de l’Ouest, qui a causé la mort de plus de 11 000 personnes, ont poussé les agences sanitaires internationales à tester plusieurs approches thérapeutiques afin d’essayer d’endiguer rapidement la propagation virale et de limiter la mortalité liée au virus lors de futures épidémies. Parmi toutes les stratégies testées, le virus recombinant réplicatif rVSV-ZEBOV qui exprime la glycoprotéine de surface d’EBOV, semble offrir la meilleur protection, aussi bien en modèle animaliers que sur le terrain. Avant d’être testé chez l’humain, de nombreuses études ont permis de mettre en évidence l’efficacité et l’innocuité de ce vaccin prototype. Pourtant et malgré le fait que de nombreuses études ont démontré l’importance et le rôle de la glycoprotéine GP dans l’efficacité des vaccins contre ce virus, aucune étude n’a encore été réalisé sur la nature des glycoprotéines virales synthétisées par le gène GP d’EBOV inséré dans le génome du virus VSV. Ainsi, les caractérisations moléculaires des protéines virales produites lors de l’infection par le virus rVSV-GP décrites dans ces travaux de thèse offrent de nouvelles perspectives pour comprendre le succès de ce vaccin mais aussi l’origine virales dans les effets secondaires sévères observés lors de la vaccination, et pourront aider à développer un vaccin plus sûr, qui n’est actuellement pas utilisable chez les personnes immunodéprimées
The filovirus Ebolavirus (EBOV) is the causative agent of severe viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans that can be lethal in 90% of cases. The current outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the extraordinary scale of the 2014-2016 outbreak in West Africa, that caused the death of more than 11 000 disease victims, lead the international public health agencies to test several therapeutic approach to limit viral spreading and mortality. Amongst those, the recombinant replication-competent rVSV-ZEBOV virus, that expressed EBOV GP glycoprotein, appears to offer the best protection in animal models and outbreak settings. While its effectiveness and safety have been widely investigated before human trials and despite numerous studies that showed the importance the nature of the glycoproteins which are produced during the infection from the EBOV GP gene that has been inserted in VSV genome are unknown. In this respect, the molecular characterisations of the viral glycoproteins synthesised during rVSV-GP presented in this thesis, offer new insights with which to understand the success of the rVSV-GP vaccine but also the potential viral origins of the severe adverse side effects observed during vaccination and could help in developing a safer vaccine, which currently cannot be used in an immunocompromised population
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Teixeira, Lais Helena. "Geração e análise da imunogenicidade de proteínas recombinantes baseadas nas diferentes formas do antígeno circumsporozoíta de Plasmodium vivax visando o desenvolvimento de uma vacina universal contra malária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-11072014-110149/.

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O P. vivax é a segunda espécie mais prevalente causadora de malária no mundo. Medidas de controle ineficientes exigem o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de prevenção, como vacinas, novas drogas e novos inseticidas. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi gerar uma formulação vacinal universal com proteínas e adenovírus recombinantes capazes de induzir anticorpos contra as diferentes formas alélicas da proteína circumsporozoíta (CSP) do P. vivax. As proteínas foram produzidas em E. coli e purificadas por cromatografia de afinidade e troca iônica. A obtenção destas proteínas nos permitiu testar qual seria a melhor formulação vacinal para a indução de anticorpos contra as três formas alélicas da proteína CSP de P. vivax (PvCSP). Anticorpos específicos reconheceram esporozoítas do P. vivax por imunofluorescência. Por fim testamos o uso de dois adenovírus recombinantes, um símio e um humano, deficientes em replicação, expressando as três regiões imunodominantes da proteína PvCSP em fusão. Estes foram capazes de induzir resposta imune específica contra as proteínas PvCSP sendo testados em esquema de prime-boost heterólogo, onde camundongos foram primados com os adenovírus e nas doses-reforço receberam a mistura com as três proteínas recombinantes.
The Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent species of malaria in the world. Inefficient measures of control used today demand the development of new strategies for prevention, as vaccines, new drugs and new insecticides. The central objective of this thesis was to generate a universal vaccine formulation with proteins and recombinant adenoviral vectors representing the different allelic forms of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of the P. vivax. The recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli and purified. These proteins allowed us to test which would be the best vaccine formulation for the induction of antibodies against the three allelic forms of CSP. The specific antibodies also recognized P. vivax sporozoites by immunofluorescence. Finally we test the use of two recombinant adenoviral vectors, a simian and a human, both replication deficient, expressing a protein containing the repeat regions of the CSP in fusion. These adenoviral vectors induced specific immune response against CSP and were successfully used in an immunization regimen of heterologous prime and boost where in the first dose the mice received recombinant adenoviral vector and in the subsequent doses, the mixture with three recombinant proteins.
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Saubi, Roca Narcís. "Scaling up recombinant BCG based HIV vaccine development. Lessons learned." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400667.

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El treball de recerca realitzat en aquesta Tesi Doctoral està dirigit a la millora del desenvolupament de la vacuna contra el VIH basada en BCG recombinant. La Tesi Doctoral inclou tres articles de recerca publicats en revistes “peer-reviewed” i una patent depositada a la Oficina Europea de Patents. Inicialment, hem avaluat la influencia de l’edat i la ruta d’immunització en la inducció de respostes immunes especifiques front a VIH i M. tuberculosis després d’immunitzar ratolins BALB/c recent nascuts i adults amb BCG.HIVA222 i reforçar-los amb Modified Virus Ankara (MVA).HIVA. Les freqüències de cèl·lules CD8+ productores de IFN- γ eren superiors en ratolins adults vacunats per via intradèrmica i menors en ratolins adults i recent nascuts vacunats per via subcutànea. En tots els casos la producció de IFN-γ era significativament superior en ratolins induïts amb BCG.HIVA222 en comparació dels ratolins induïts amb BCGwt. Quan l’activitat Citotòxica dels limfòcits T (CTL) específica pel VIH es va comprovar, les freqüències de toxicitat específica eren superiors en ratolins recent nascuts que en ratolins adults. El programa vacunal d’inducció-reforç heteròleg amb BCG.HIVA222 i MVA.HIVA va ésser segur en ratolins recent nascuts. L’administració de BCG.HIVA222 a ratolins recent nascuts és segura i immunogènica i va augmentar la resposta específica front a VIH induïda per la vacuna MVA.HIVA. Seguidament, vàrem construir el pJH222.HIVACAT, un plasmidi llançadora que expressava l’immunogen de VIH subtipus A HIVA. Aquest vector llançadora utilitza un mecanisme lliure de resistències a antibiòtic basat en un sistema de Titració del Repressor de l’Operador (ORT) per la selecció i manteniment del plasmidi en cèl·lules E. coli i una complementació de lisina en micobactèria. Aquest vector llançadora es va electroporar una soca de BCG auxotròfica per lisina per generar la soca vacunal BCG.HIVACAT. Vàrem demostrar que el plasmidi episomal pJH222.HIVACAT era estable in vivo per un període de 20 setmanes, i vàrem caracteritzar genèticament i fenotípica la soca vacunal BCG.HIVACAT. La vacuna BCG.HIVACAT en combinació amb MVA.HIVA indueix una resposta de cèl·lules T productores de IFN- γ especifiques per VIH i M. tuberculosis. Per altra banda, quan es varen induir ratolins adults amb BCG.HIVACAT i es varen reforçar amb MVA.HIVA.85A, es varen induir cèl·lules T CD8+ especifiques per VIH que produïen IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 i CD107a al ésser estimulades. Per tant, vàrem demostrat la immunogenicitat per cèl·lules T de una nova vacuna, més segura, compatible amb GLP, basada en BCG recombinant que expressa l’immunogen prototipus HIVA. Finalment, hem construït un nou disseny de vacuna basada en micobactèria mitjançant la utilització d’un sistema de selecció de plasmidis lliure de resistència a antibiòtics. Hem construït un nou plasmidi llançadora per E. coli i micobactèria que expressa l’immunogen HIVA. Aquest vector llançadora utilitza un sistema de selecció i manteniment de plasmidis sense resistències a antibiòtics, que es basa en la complementació de glicina en E. coli i la complementació de lisina en micobactèria. Aquest plasmidi primer es va tranformar en una soca d’E. coli auxotròfica per glicina, i llavors es va transformar en una soca de BCG auxotròfica per lisina per generar la soca vacunal BCG. HIVA2auxo. Vàrem demostrar que el plasmidi episomal p2auxo.HIVA era estable in vivo per un període de 7 setmanes, i vàrem fer la caracterizació genètica i fenotípica de la soca vacunal BCG.HIVA2auxo. La vacuna BCG.HIVA2auxo, en combinació amb MVA.HIVA, va ésser segura i va produir cèl·lules T productores de IFN-γ especifiques per VIH i M. tuberculosis en ratolins BALB/c adults. Es varen induir cèl·lules T CD8+ polifuncionals especifiques per VIH que produïen IFN-γ, TNF-α i expressaven el marcador de degranulació CD107a. Així, hem construït una nova vacuna basada en BCG més segura i compatible amb les GLP fent servir l’immunogen HIVA. Aquests sistema de selecció de plasmidis lliure de resistències a antibiòtics basat en la doble complementació d’auxotrofies podria ésser una nova plataforma vacunal micobacteriana per desenvolupar no només BCG recombinant que expressa immunògens de VIH de segona generació, sinó també d’altres patògens d’interès pediàtric per induir resposta protectiva just després de néixer.
The research work of this PhD thesis aims to scale up recombinant BCG based HIV vaccine development. Our main goal is to develop a mycobacterial vaccine design for HIV-TB pediatric vaccine. The PhD thesis includes three research papers published in peer-reviewed journals and one patent filed in the European patent office. Initially, we have evaluated the influence of age and immunization routes for induction of HIV-1- and M. tuberculosis-specific immune responses after neonatal and adult BALB/c mice immunization with BCG.HIVA222 prime and Modified Virus Ankara (MVA).HIVA boost. The frequencies of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ were higher in adult mice vaccinated intradermally and lower in adult and newborn mice vaccinated subcutaneously. In all cases the IFN-γ production was significantly higher when mice were primed with BCG.HIVA222 compared with BCGwt. When the HIV-specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) activity was assessed, the frequencies of specific killing were higher in newborn mice than in adults. The prime-boost vaccination regimen which includes BCG.HIVA222 and MVA.HIVA was safe when inoculated to newborn mice. The administration of BCG.HIVA222 to newborn mice is safe and immunogenic and increased the HIV-specific responses induced by MVA.HIVA vaccine. Secondly, we assembled an E. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid pJH222.HIVACAT expressing HIV-1 clade A immunogen HIVA. This shuttle vector employs an antibiotic resistance-free mechanism based on Operator-Repressor Titration (ORT) system for plasmid selection and maintenance in E. coli and lysine complementation in mycobacteria. This shuttle plasmid was electroporated into parental lysine auxotroph strain of BCG to generate vaccine BCG.HIVACAT. We demonstrated that the episomal plasmid pJH222.HIVACAT was stable in vivo over a 20-week period, and genetically and phenotypically characterized the BCG.HIVACAT vaccine strain. The BCG.HIVACAT vaccine in combination with MVA.HIVA induced HIV-1- and Mtb-specific IFN-γ- producing T-cell responses in newborn and adult BALB/c mice. On the other hand, when adult mice were primed with BCG.HIVACAT and boosted with MVA.HIVA.85A, HIV-1-specific CD8+ Tcells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and CD107a were induced. Thus, we demonstrated T-cell immunogenicity of a novel, safer, GLP-compatible BCG-vectored vaccine using prototype immunogen HIVA. Finally, we have engineered a new mycobacterial vaccine design by using an antibiotic-free plasmid selection system. We assembled a novel Escherichia coli (E. coli)-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid p2auxo.HIVA expressing the immunogen HIVA. This shuttle vector employs an antibiotic resistance-free mechanism for plasmid selection and maintenance based on glycine complementation in E. coli and lysine complementation in mycobacteria. This plasmid was first transformed into glycine auxotroph of E. coli strain and subsequently transformed into lysine auxotroph of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain to generate vaccine BCG.HIVA2auxo. We demonstrated that the episomal plasmid p2auxo.HIVA was stable in vivo over a 7-week period and genetically and phenotypically characterized the BCG.HIVA2auxo vaccine strain. The BCG.HIVA2auxo vaccine in combination with MVA.HIVA was safe and induced HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ-producing T-cell responses in adult BALB/c mice. Polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cells, which produce IFN-γ and TNF-α and express the degranulation marker CD107a, were induced. Thus, we engineered a novel, safer, good laboratory practice-compatible BCG-vectored vaccine using prototype immunogen HIVA. This antibiotic-free plasmid selection system based on "double" auxotrophic complementation might be a new mycobacterial vaccine platform to develop not only recombinant BCG-based vaccines expressing second generation of HIV-1 immunogens but also other major pediatric pathogens to prime protective response soon after birth.
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Ahuja, Sanjay. "Development of a recombinant protein vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-788-X/.

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Okay, Sezer. "Development Of Recombinant Vaccines Composed Of Plpe And Omph From Pasteurella Multocida A:3." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613980/index.pdf.

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Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3 is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen which is one of the causative agents of shipping fever in cattle. In this study, ompH and two fragments of plpE gene (plpEN and plpEC) were cloned from the genomic DNA of P. multocida P-1062 (ATCC 15743, serotype A:3) and plpEN-ompH and plpEC-ompH fusions were constructed. In vitro expression of the genes was shown in HEK-293 cells. Later, full-length plpE gene was cloned and the recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli and purified. Three DNA vaccine formulations, namely pCMV-ompH, pCMV-plpEN-ompH and pCMV-plpEC-ompH and five recombinant protein based vaccines, PlpEN-OmpH, PlpEC-OmpH, OmpH, PlpEC and PlpE were generated. Recombinant proteins were formulated with at least one of the adjuvants: alum, CpG, alum-CpG, oil based and oil based-CpG. BALB/c mice were immunized with these vaccine formulations and their sera were used for the evaluation of antibody and serum IFN-&gamma
titers. Protective capacities of the vaccines were also evaluated via challenge of mice with 10 LD50 of P. multocida A:3. DNA vaccines induced immune responses, but did not provide protection. All protein vaccine formulations increased antibody levels and CpG containing formulations enhanced serum IFN-&gamma
titers. 100 µ
g of PlpEC-OmpH protein adsorbed on alum adjuvant conferred 40% protection while no protection was obtained with PlpEN-OmpH. Next, the effects of CpG, or its alum and oil based combinations as adjuvants were investigated on PlpEC-OmpH mediated protection. The vaccine formulation composed of PlpEC-OmpH and oil based-CpG adjuvant conferred 100% protection. Finally, the mice were vaccinated with recombinant OmpH, PlpEC and PlpE formulated with oil based-CpG adjuvant. OmpH, PlpEC and PlpE formulations provided 50%, 60% and 100% protection, respectively. These findings implicated that recombinant PlpE and PlpEC-OmpH fusion proteins when formulated with oil based-CpG adjuvant are potent acellular vaccine formulation candidates against shipping fever.
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Vaghefi, Negin Gitiban. "The role of innate immunity in protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1138388518.

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Books on the topic "Recombinant vaccine"

1

Recombinant, Vectors in Vaccine Development (1993 Albany N. Y. ). Recombinant vectors in vaccine development: Albany NY, USA, May 23-26, 1993. Basel, Switz: Karger, 1993.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Veterinary Services. Recombinant derived pseudorabies vaccine, TK: Environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact. Washington, D.C.?]: The Services, 1987.

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Perinot, Glen. Genomic analysis of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18: Production of recombinant plasmid : part I in the production of a recombinant vaccine for human papillomavirus. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1993.

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(Korea), Kŏnʼguk Taehakkyo, ed. Choryu inp'ŭlluenja yujŏnja chaejohap paeksin kaebal mit pangje yŏn'gu: Ch'oejong yŏn'gu pogosŏ = Development of recombinant avian influenza virus vaccine. [Seoul]: Nongnimbu, 2007.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Proposed field trial in Pennsylvania of a live experimental vaccinia-vector recombinant rabies vaccine for raccoons: Environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1991.

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Ferran, Maureen C., and Gary R. Skuse, eds. Recombinant Virus Vaccines. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6869-5.

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Scientific Group on Development of Recombinant DNA Japanese Encephalitis and Dengue Vaccines. Report. Manila, Philippines: Printed and distributed by the Regional Office for the Western Pacific of the World Health Organization, 1987.

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P, Talwar G., Rao K. V. S, and Chauhan V. S, eds. Recombinant and synthetic vaccines. New Delhi: Narosa Pub. House, 1994.

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1947-, Isaacson Richard E., ed. Recombinant DNA vaccines: Rationale and strategy. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992.

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A, Liu Margaret, Hilleman Maurice R. 1942-, and Kurth Reinhard 1942-, eds. DNA vaccines: A new era in vaccinology. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Recombinant vaccine"

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Brocke, Pascale, Stephan Schaefer, Karl Melber, Volker Jenzelewski, Frank Müller, Ulrike Dahlems, Oliver Bartelsen, Kyung-Nam Park, Zbigniew A. Janowicz, and Gerd Gellissen. "Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccines: Disease Characterization and Vaccine Production." In Production of Recombinant Proteins, 319–59. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603670.ch15.

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Marchioro, Silvana Beutinger, Simone Simionatto, and Odir Dellagostin. "Development of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Recombinant Vaccines." In Vaccine Design, 39–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_2.

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de Oliveira, Natasha Rodrigues, Thaís Larré Oliveira, Sérgio Jorge, and Odir Antônio Dellagostin. "Development of Human Recombinant Leptospirosis Vaccines." In Vaccine Design, 325–44. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_16.

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Moreira, Gustavo Marçal S. G., Clóvis Moreira, Carlos Eduardo P. da Cunha, Marcelo Mendonça, and Fabricio R. Conceição. "Recombinant Botulinum Toxoids: A Practical Guide for Production." In Vaccine Design, 621–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_40.

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Rodrigues, Rafael Rodrigues, Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira, Frederico Schmitt Kremer, Rafael Amaral Donassolo, Clóvis Moreira Júnior, Mariliana Luiza Ferreira Alves, and Fabricio Rochedo Conceição. "Recombinant Vaccine Design Against Clostridium spp. Toxins Using Immunoinformatics Tools." In Vaccine Design, 457–70. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_25.

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Machado, Amanda Sanchez, Vivian Tamietti Martins, Maria Victoria Humbert, Myron Christodoulides, and Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho. "In Silico Design of Recombinant T Peptide Epitope Vaccines for." In Vaccine Design, 463–80. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_24.

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Galay, Remil Linggatong, Takeshi Miyata, Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji, Masami Mochizuki, Kozo Fujisaki, and Tetsuya Tanaka. "Host Immunization with Recombinant Proteins to Screen Antigens for Tick Control." In Vaccine Design, 261–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_18.

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Deng, Lei, Florencia Linero, and Xavier Saelens. "Production and Purification of Recombinant Filamentous Bacteriophages Displaying Immunogenic Heterologous Epitopes." In Vaccine Design, 483–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_31.

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King, Thomas H., Zhimin Guo, Melanie Hermreck, Donald Bellgrau, and Timothy C. Rodell. "Construction and Immunogenicity Testing of Whole Recombinant Yeast-Based T-Cell Vaccines." In Vaccine Design, 529–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_35.

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Kusakisako, Kodai, Takeshi Miyata, Kozo Fujisaki, and Tetsuya Tanaka. "Host Immunization with Recombinant Tick Antigen and Evaluation of Host Immune Response." In Vaccine Design, 331–41. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1888-2_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Recombinant vaccine"

1

Jha, Richa, Shantanu Tamuly, and Mumtesh Saxena. "Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles as Adjuvant For Recombinant Vaccine Against Salmonellosis." In Annual International Conference on Advances in Veterinary Science Research (VETSCI 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5685_vetsci16.17.

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Silva, Paulo, Pedro Correia, Daiane Grugel, Victor Ferreira, and Rayane Gonçalves. "Continued Process Verification for COVID-19 Vaccine Formulation and Packaging (recombinant)." In International Symposium on Immunobiologicals. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.2022_52269.

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Wang, Xiaoping, Lijie Zhang, Lijun Sun, Yongxue Zhou, Qiaoxia Wang, Huanping Lin, Xiaoping Ying, and Lansheng Guo. "Antitumor Immunity Induced by Recombinant Vaccine Alpha-Fetoprotein-Heat Shock Protein 70 Complex." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162379.

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Guimarães, Rosane, Andrea Silva, Luciane Gaspar, Marisol Simões, Patrícia Neves, Gisela Trindade, and Renato Marchevsky. "Immunization with recombinant, plant-produced yellow fever virus envelope (E) protein vaccine candidates in rhesus macaques." In I Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico em Imunobiológicos. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2013_27301.

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Mazor, Ronit, Emily King, Takashi Kei Kishimoto, and Ira Pastan. "Abstract 72: Induction of immune tolerance to recombinant immunotoxin LMB-100 using synthetic vaccine particles encapsulating rapamycin." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-72.

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Takey, Paulo, Patrícia Oliveira, Letícia Lignani, Renata Pedro, and Maria Maia. "Situational strategic planning of the pharmacovigilance of Covid-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant]) at Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz." In International Symposium on Immunobiological. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.2021_46581.

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Teixeira, Gabriellen, Renata Pedro, Letícia Lignani, Catherine Cordeiro, and Patrícia Oliveira. "Pharmacovigilance Committee for COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant]) and its contribution for an effective benefit-risk assessment." In International Symposium on Immunobiologicals. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.2022_52265.

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Guo, Zhen, Yuan Wang, Qian Yu, Jie Xiao, Kaiyu Liu, Ying Wang, Auguste Commeyras, and Yi Li. "Notice of Retraction: Construction of Recombinant Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) Vaccine Using Myxoma Virus (MV) as a Vector." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781650.

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Stevens, Emma, Michael E. Weinblatt, Elena Massarotti, Frances Griffin, and Sonali Desai. "FRI0068 SAFETY OF THE ZOSTER RECOMBINANT ADJUVANTED VACCINE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: A SINGLE CENTER’S EXPERIENCE WITH 300 PATIENTS." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.4337.

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Sakauchi, Dirce, Érica Kavati, Fernanda Bou Anni, Balasubramanyam Karanam, Richard Roden, Martin Müller, and Aurora Cianciarullo. "Recombinant proteins of HPV16 capsid expressed in 293-F cells cultured in suspension and serum free medium for vaccine development." In III Simpósio Internacional de Imunobiológicos. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2016_27302.

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Reports on the topic "Recombinant vaccine"

1

Jaffee, Elizabeth M. Recombinant Vaccine Strategies for Breast Cancer Prevention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381767.

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Barbet, Anthony F., Terry F. McElwain, Varda Shkap, Eugene Pipano, D. R. Alfred, and S. A. Hines. Development of a Recombinant DNA Derived Vaccine against Babesia bovis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1988.7566879.bard.

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Palmer, Guy H., Eugene Pipano, Terry F. McElwain, Varda Shkap, and Donald P. Knowles, Jr. Development of a Multivalent ISCOM Vaccine against Anaplasmosis. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568763.bard.

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Anaplasmosis is an arthropod+borne disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale and an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Our research focuses on development of a recombinant membrane surface protein (MSP) immunogen to replace current vaccines derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Briefly, we accomplished the following in our BARD supported research: i) characterization of the intramolecular and intermolecular relationships of the native Major Surface Proteins (MSP) in the outer membrane; ii) expression, purification, and epitope characterization of the recombinant MSP-2, MSP-3, MSP-4, and MSP-5 proteins required to construct the recombinant ISCOM; iii) demonstration that the outer membrane-Quil A induces CD4+ T lymphocytes specific for the outer membrane polypeptides; iv) identification of CD4+ T lymphocytes that recognize outer membrane polypeptide epitopes conserved among other wise antigenically distinct strains; v) determination that immunization with the outer membrane-Quil A construct does not affect the ability of ticks to acquire or transmit A. marginale; and vi) demonstration that the outer membrane-Quil A construct induces complete protection against rickettsemia upon homologous challenge and significant protection against challenge with antigenically distinct strains, including tick transmission. Importantly, the level of protection against homologous challenge in the MSP vaccinates was comparable to that induced by live blood-based vaccines and demonstrates that development of a new generation of vaccines is feasible.
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Brayton, Kelly A., Varda Shkap, Guy H. Palmer, Wendy C. Brown, and Thea Molad. Control of Bovine Anaplasmosis: Protective Capacity of the MSP2 Allelic Repertoire. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699838.bard.

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Anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasmamarginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently, the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently, development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. Despite its drawbacks as a live, blood-based vaccine, the Israel vaccine strain protects against disease upon challenge with wild-type A. marginale in extensive experimental trials and during 50 years of deployment in Israel. Field studies in Australia and Argentina indicate that this protection is broadly effective. Thus, to identify antigens for development of a safe and effective recombinant vaccine, we have used a comparative genomics approach by sequencing the Israel vaccine strain and searching for shared surface antigens with sequenced wild-type U.S. strains. We have focused on Msp2, the immune-dominant but antigenically variable surface protein, based on shared structure among strains and demonstration that antibody from cattle immunized with the Israel vaccine strain binds Msp2 from the genetically and geographically distinct U.S. St. Maries strain, consistent with the ability to protect against St. Maries challenge. Importantly, we have defined the full repertoire of Msp2 simple variants encoded by the vaccine strain and hypothesize that a recombinant vaccine encoding this full repertoire will induce protection equivalent to that induced by the live vaccine strain. Any escape from immunity by generation of complex Msp2 variants is predicted to carry a severe fitness cost that prevents high-level bacteremia and disease— consistent with the type of protection induced by the live vaccine strain. We tested the hypothesis that the Msp2 simple variant repertoires in wild-type A. marginale strains are recognized by antibody from cattle immunized with the Israel vaccine strain and that immunization with the vaccine strain Msp2 repertoire can recapitulate the protection provided by the vaccine strain upon challenge with Israel and U.S. strains of A. marginale. Our findings demonstrate that a set of conserved outer membrane proteins are recognized by immune serum from A. centrale vaccinated animals but that this set of proteins does not include Msp2. These findings suggest that “subdominant” immunogens are required for vaccine induced protection.
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McElwain, Terry, Eugene Pipano, Guy Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephen Hines, and Douglas Jasmer. Protection of Cattle Against Babesiosis: Immunization with Recombinant DNA Derived Apical Complex Antigens of Babesia bovis. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612835.bard.

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Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis continues to be a significant deterrent to global livestock production. Current control methods have both biological and technical drawbacks that have stimulated research on improved methods of vaccination. This BARD project has focused on characterization of candidate Babesia bovis vaccine antigens located in the apical complex, a unique group of subcellular organelles - including rhoptries, micronemes, and spherical bodies - involved in the invation of erythrocytes. Spherical bodies and rhoptries were partially purified and their contents characterized using monoclonal antibodies. Existing and newly developed monoclonal antibodies bound to antigens in the spherical body, rhoptry, merozoite membrane, and infected erythrocyte membrane. In an initial immunization study using biologically cloned strains, it was demonstrated that strain-common epitopes are important for inducing immune protection against heterologous challenge. Rhoptry-associated antigen 1 (RAP-1) had been demonstrated previously to induce partial immune protection, fulfilled criteria of broad interstrain B and T cell epitope conservation, and thus was further characterized. The RAP-1 gene family consists of at least two gene copies, is homologous to the RAP-1 gene family in B. bigemina, and contains significant sequence similarity to other erythroparasitic protozoan candidate vaccine antigens, including the apical membrane antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. A new RAP-1 monoclonal antibody was developed that inhibits merozoite growth in vitro, demonstrating the presence of a RAP-1 neutralization sensitive domain. Based on these observations, cattle were immunized with Mo7 (Mexico) strain recombinant RAP-1 representing one of the two gene copies. All cattle responded with variable levels of serum antibodies inhibitory to heterologous Israel strain merozoite growth in vitro, and RAP-1 specific T lymphocytes that proliferated when stimulated with either homologous or heterologous native parasite antigen. Minimal protection from clinical disease was present after virulent Israel (heterologous) strain B. bovis challenge. In total, the results support the continued development of RAP-1 as a vaccine antigen, but indicate that additional information about the native structure and function of both RAP-1 gene copies, including the relationship of conserved and polymorphic sequences to B and T cell lepitopes relevant for protection, is necessary for optimization of RAP-1 as a vaccine component.
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6

Pitt, M. L., D. Dyer, J. Hartings, and K. Batey. Efficacy of the UK Recombinant Plague Vaccine to Protect Against Pneumonic Plague in the Nonhuman Primate, Macaca Fascicularis (PRIVATE). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428726.

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7

Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.

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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.
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8

Angov, Evelina. Production of a Recombinant E. coli Expressed Malarial Vaccine from the C-Terminal Fragment of Plasmodium Falciparum 3D7 Merozoite Surface Protein-1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391249.

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9

Leitner, Gabriel, and Naomi Balaban. Novel Immunotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment and Prevention of Staphylococcal Mastitis in Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7709880.bard.

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Staphylococci are the most common and costly mammary disease of dairy cattle worldwide. TRAP, a membrane associated 167AA protein, is highly conserved among staphylococci. The aims of this study were to test the safety and efficacy of recombinant TRAP (rTRAP) vaccine in dairy animals. The vaccine was safe as 2-3 subcutaneous injections of rTRAP (54–100μg) with adjuvant ISA 206 to cows and goats did not lead to any abnormal symptoms of sensitivity to the vaccine. The rTRAP vaccine was immunogenic and caused the induction of a humoral immune response that remained high for at least 160 days post second immunization. rTRAP vaccine also elicited a cell-mediated immune response (memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), as determined by lymphocyte proliferation assays. The rTRAP vaccine was efficacious as at parturition, only 13.5% heifers in the immunized group were infected with Staphylococcus chromogenes as compared to 42.9% in the non immunized group. Additionally, when cows were immunized in mid-lactation, the difference between somatic cell count (SCC) in immunized and control animals was profound (45±7 vs. 470±194, respectively). At the same time, the difference in milk yield was also evident (48.3±1.4 vs. 44.3±0.9 l/day, respectively). Put together, these studies indicate the value of the rTRAP vaccine in preventing new udder infections by staphylococci, which significantly lead to lowered SCC and some increase in milk yield. TRAP is conserved among all strains and species and is constitutively expressed in any strain of S. aureus or CNS tested so far, including those isolated from cows. TRAP may thus serve as a universal anti-staphylococcus vaccine.
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10

Leitner, Gabriel, and Naomi Balaban. Novel Immunotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment and Prevention of Staphylococcal Mastitis in Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695866.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Staphylococci are the most common and costly mammary disease of dairy cattle worldwide. TRAP, a membrane associated 167AA protein, is highly conserved among staphylococci. The aims of this study were to test the safety and efficacy of recombinant TRAP (rTRAP) vaccine in dairy animals. The vaccine was safe as 2-3 subcutaneous injections of rTRAP (54–100μg) with adjuvant ISA 206 to cows and goats did not lead to any abnormal symptoms of sensitivity to the vaccine. The rTRAP vaccine was immunogenic and caused the induction of a humoral immune response that remained high for at least 160 days post second immunization. rTRAP vaccine also elicited a cell-mediated immune response (memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), as determined by lymphocyte proliferation assays. The rTRAP vaccine was efficacious as at parturition, only 13.5% heifers in the immunized group were infected with Staphylococcus chromogenes as compared to 42.9% in the non immunized group. Additionally, when cows were immunized in mid-lactation, the difference between somatic cell count (SCC) in immunized and control animals was profound (45±7 vs. 470±194, respectively). At the same time, the difference in milk yield was also evident (48.3±1.4 vs. 44.3±0.9 l/day, respectively). Put together, these studies indicate the value of the rTRAP vaccine in preventing new udder infections by staphylococci, which significantly lead to lowered SCC and some increase in milk yield. TRAP is conserved among all strains and species and is constitutively expressed in any strain of S. aureus or CNS tested so far, including those isolated from cows. TRAP may thus serve as a universal anti-staphylococcus vaccine.
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