Dissertations / Theses: 'Recombinant proteins Purification'

1

Rutt, George Clifford. "Purification of recombinant proteins." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42614.

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Ditsch, Andre (Andre Paul). "Purification of recombinant proteins with magnetic nanoclusters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34160.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis focused on the development and analysis of a new class of magnetic fluids for recovery of recombinant proteins from fermentation broth. Magnetic fluids are colloidally stable dispersions of magnetic nanoclusters in water that do not settle gravitational and moderate magnetic fields due to their small size. The magnetic nanoclusters possess large surface area for protein adsorption without any porous structure, resulting in much faster mass transfer than in traditional separations. The magnetic nanoclusters consist of 25-200 nm clusters of 8 nm magnetite (Fe₃0₄) cores coated with poly(acrylic acid-co-styrenesulfonic acid-co-vinylsulfonic acid). For use in separation, clusters must be recoverable from solution. Individual nanoparticles are too small to be recovered efficiently, while 50nm or larger clusters of primary particles are easily recovered. Cluster size depends on polymer molecular weight and hydrophobicity as well as the amount of polymer present at nucleation. When a polymer coating with optimal molecular weight is used in limited amounts, clusters are formed. When the clusters are subsequently coated with additional polymer, the clusters are stable in high ionic strength environments (>5M NaCl), while retaining the necessary cluster size for efficient magnetic recovery.
(cont.) Models have been developed to predict the optimal molecular weight, and the cluster size obtained with limited amounts of polymer or polymers other than the optimal molecular weight. The models and methods have been verified with other polymer coatings, indicating that the methods can be used to synthesize a wide range of stable nanoclusters. Due to rapid mass transfer, the rate-limiting step of the purification scheme is recovery of the nanoclusters from solution with high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS). The nanoclusters can be recovered extremely efficiently, up to 99.9% at high flow rates, up to 10,000 cm/hr. A detailed model of HGMS has been developed to quantitatively predict capture, and simpler methods have been developed to predict the maximum capture and capacity of the column without computationally expensive simulations. The use of the nanoclusters for protein purification was studied both with model proteins the recombinant protein drosomycin from Pichia pastoris fermentation broth. The nanoclusters have high adsorptive capacities of up to 900 mg protein/mL adsorbent, nearly an order of magnitude higher than the best commercially available porous adsorbents. Adsorption can be performed both by ion exchange and hydrophobic interactions, allowing nearly pure drosomycin to be recovered from clarified fermentation broth in a single step.
(cont.) When used in whole cell broth, the nanoclusters bind to proteins on the surface of the Pichia pastoris cells at conditions where drosomycin is bound, limiting the effectiveness of the separation. When proteins are bound at conditions where nanoclusters do not bind to cells, cell clarification and protein purification can be performed in one fast step. A simple model of the cell binding has been developed, providing guidelines for use of magnetic nanoparticles in the presence of cells.
by Andre Ditsch.
Ph.D.

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Lee, Jae-Yong. "Expression, purification and interaction analysis of recombinant SRB proteins." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407809.

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Gaztambide, Danielle A. "Production and Purification of Synthetic Minor Ampullate Silk Proteins." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7306.

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Spider silks are incredible natural materials that have a wide variety of properties that can rival or outperform even common synthetic materials like Nylon and Kevlar. As nature’s architects, orb-weaving spiders spin seven different silks that are used for very specific roles throughout the spider’s lifecycle. These silks are comprised of proteins called spidroins. Each of these spidroins has evolved to have properties such as strength and/or stretch that make these silks successful and highly adapted in their designated roles in web construction, prey capture and reproduction. This study involves the production of minor ampullate silk by genetically modifying the bacteria Escherichia coli. Minor ampullate is a lesser studied silk that is used for the first spiral of the orb web. This spiral is a template that the spider uses to finish the web and provides stability during the web construction. Minor ampullate silk is strong, however it does not stretch so it may be well-suited for certain applications such as ballistic materials. By producing and purifying different arrangements of minor ampullate silk protein, it is possible to learn how this protein can be expressed without using the spider itself. This investigation sheds light on how deviations in the protein sequence and motif arrangement can produce different properties, which can potentially be used to make new materials.

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Biedendieck, Rebekka Katrin Johanna. "Bacillus megaterium versatile tools for production, secretion and purification of recombinant proteins /." kostenfrei, 2007. http://www.digibib.tu-bs.de/?docid=00018998.

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Miozzi, Jackelyn. "Column-free Purification Method for Recombinant Proteins Using a Self-Cleaving Aggregating tag." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu15229401048581.

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7

Ramey, Aaron Thomson. "Optimizing production methods for artificial silk proteins through bioreactor and purification studies of recombinant proteins expressed from Pichia pastoris." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175185569/.

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Riddle, Suzette Renee. "Purification and characterization of two recombinant proteins: Annexin III and phosphatidyl inositol specific-phospholipase C /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943610782957.

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Kavoosi, Mojgan. "The CBM9 fusion tag : a new technology for inexpensive production and affinity purification of recombinant proteins." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31363.

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Downstream processing of proteins and other biological products has long been dominated by packed-bed chromatography (Rankin 2003). Despite the generally high cost of the technique, chromatography remains widely used because it offers extraordinarily high resolution under conditions that do not denature or alter the chemistry of the product, an imperative for therapeutic proteins since purity and activity are strict requirements. However, the inability of patients and governments to meet the rising costs of healthcare, particularly the cost of recombinant protein therapeutics, and the sharp increase in competition over the past decade for market share of recombinant-protein based treatments of major illnesses have led to intense downward pressure on the cost of goods, especially for high volume products such as monoclonal antibodies and other recombinant proteins (Morrow 2002). Industry is therefore seeking to develop more cost effective downstream processes, including cheaper and more selective forms of chromatography. Generic affinity chromatography based on affinity-tag technology has the potential to simplify downstream processing by achieving higher yields and purities than conventional modes of chromatography. However, the high cost of current affinity tag technologies, due mainly to the expense of their associated affinity chromatography media, limits their application at production scales. This thesis addresses this problem by reporting on a novel affinity chromatography platform utilizing the family 9 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM9) of xylanase 10A from T. maritima , a new affinity tag that binds to both soluble sugars and insoluble cellulose to permit the highly efficient capture and purification of CBM9-tagged fusion proteins on a very inexpensive cellulose-based affinity media. Development of this technology has required (i) design of a generic CBM9 expression vector for production of chimeric fusions containing an N-terminal CBM9, a linker region containing a suitable processing site at its C-terminus for efficient removal of the affinity tag following affinity purification, and a C-terminal target protein, (ii) development of an effective strategy to design a linker sequence to stably connect the CBM9 tag to the target protein and to permit efficient tag removal through enzyme-catalyzed cleavage, (iii) derivation and validation of a mathematical model to predict binding and elution behavior of CBM9 fusion proteins on a high-capacity cellulose column, (iv) solutions to certain technology scale-up issues, including the synthesis of a mechanically stable stationary phase, and finally, (v) validation of the performance of the technology in terms of product yield, purity and concentration factor. Two bioinformatics-based strategies were developed to successfully identify a linker with improved resistance to endogeneous proteases of the host when compared against the popular poly-glycine based linker. A simple and effective assay was developed to identify the optimal conditions for efficient tag removal post-purification. The technique, based on Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) prescreens a library of linkers and processing enzymes to identify a CBM9-target protein fusion with enhanced processing efficiency. A novel two-zone model (TZM) of pore diffusion is presented to describe the rate of uptake of CBM9 fusion proteins within the stationary phase of the associated affinity chromatography column and thereby provide improved predictions of product breakthrough, including elution behavior from a bacterial lysate feed. Finally, a mechanically stable cellulose-based chromatography media was synthesized to allow preparative-scale purification of recombinant proteins using CBM9. A fixed-effect two-way response surface methodology was used to optimize the concentrations of the two primary reactants, epichlorohydrin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), required to cross-link the starting material, Perloza(TM) MT100, a compressible cellulose-based chromatography resin. This resulted in a cross-linked affinity chromatography media capable of operating at an order-of-magnitude higher linear velocity than permitted by unmodified MT100. In sharp contrast to MT100, the mechanical stability and purification performance of the cross-linked media are not diminished by scale-up or repeated column use. The results of this thesis thereby provide industry with a ready-made expression vector that can be used to express any target protein as a CBM9 fusion protein and to then inexpensively purify the target recombinant protein at an overall level of performance that is either superior or comparable to current commercially available fusion-tag technologies.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Bandmann, Nina. "Rational and combinatorial genetic engineering approaches for improved recombinant protein production and purification." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Bioteknologi, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4318.

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Zhou, Yinhan. "Expression and functional characterization of the recombinant spider protein GW2 in yeast Pichia pastoris." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/193.

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Grewal, Tarlochan Singh. "Expression and purification of recombinant human proopiomelanocortin proteins in Escherichia coli : a combined biological and immunological approach." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306366.

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Kaul, Anita. "Rationale for the selection of aqueous two-phase systems for the purification of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307797.

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Belchior, Gustavo Gross. "Geração de clones de células HEK293 superprodutores de isoformas recombinantes de VEGF-A (Fator de Crescimento Endotelial Vascular A) humano visando à produção de biofármacos para terapia molecular e engenharia tecidual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-01102014-145602/.

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Os primeiros vasos sanguíneos do embrião de vertebrados, formados de novo a partir de células originadas da mesoderme, originam os vasos linfáticos em um processo denominado vasculogênese. Já no adulto, novos vasos são formados principalmente através da angiogênese (ou linfoangiogênese) a partir da vasculatura pré-existente. Em indivíduos saudáveis, a arquitetura vascular é relativamente estática, sendo que o excesso ou a insuficiência de vasos são comumente relacionados à angiogênese patológica, vinculada a diversas doenças, como câncer, degeneração macular relacionada à idade, isquemia de membros e muitas outras. Dessa forma, o controle local da densidade de vasos sanguíneos torna-se interessante para o tratamento de condições patológicas visando melhoria de prognóstico e cura. Dentre os diversos fatores de crescimento conhecidos, o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular, VEGF, destaca-se como o principal regulador do processo de angiogênese através de isoformas pró-angiogênicas (VEGFxxx) e antiangiogênicas (VEGFxxxb) do gene VEGF-A. Consequentemente, as proteínas codificadas por esse gene constituem um alvo com alto potencial terapêutico. No presente estudo, propusemos a produção das isoformas proteicas recombinantes rhVEGF165, rhVEGF165b e rhVEGF121, oriundas do gene VEGF-A humano, visando à geração de biofármacos que podem ser utilizados para terapia molecular e engenharia tecidual. As sequências codificadoras das isoformas rhVEGF165 e rhVEGF121 foram amplificadas a partir do cDNA total sintetizado de amostras de RNA total de pulmão humano, enquanto que a da isoforma rhVEGF165b foi gerada através da mutação sítio-dirigida da sequência de rhVEGF165. As sequências foram clonadas no vetor de clonagem pGEM®-T Easy, sendo em seguida subclonadas no vetor pLV-eGFP, um vetor plasmidial de transferência lentiviral, que permite a expressão de transgenes em células de mamíferos e, também, da proteína repórter eGFP. Células humanas HEK293 em cultura aderente foram independentemente cotransfectadas com cada uma das construções geradas (pLV-rhVEGF165, pLV-rhVEGF165b e pLV-rhVEGFl21) juntamente com o vetor pTK-Hyg na proporção de 40:1 (m/m), viabilizando a seleção dos transfectantes com o antibiótico higromicina B, além da detecção de eGFP. Os clones celulares superprodutores das proteínas de interesse foram avaliados quanto à cinética de expressão em meio carente de soro e adaptados para a cultura em suspensão estática na presença de meio na ausência de componentes derivados de animais, demostrando a capacidade de expressão das isoformas rhVEGFs nestas condições de cultivo. Para o nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro trabalho a descrever a expressão de isoformas de VEGF-A em células HEK293 mantidas em suspensão. As isoformas rhVEGF165 e rhVEGF165b foram purificadas por cromatografia de afinidade a heparina, a partir do meio condicionado pelos clones superprodutores gerados. Ensaios in vitro, utilizando o AngioPhaseTM Kit, e in vivo, através do ensaio da membrana corioalantoide em embriões de galinha (CAM Assay), ambos próprios para avaliação da atividade pró- e antiangiogênica de diferentes compostos, demonstraram que a isoforma rhVEGF165 possui atividade biológica, enquanto a isoforma rhVEGF165b não apresentou a atividade esperada (inibição da angiogênese). Estas isoformas foram testadas em modelo murino de engenharia tecidual do intestino curto, com indícios de que poderiam contribuir para o uso terapêutico neste contexto. A purificação da isoforma rhVEGF121, bem como as análises estruturais das proteínas produzidas, estão em processo de otimização.
The first blood vessels of the vertebrate embryo are formed de novo from mesoderm-derived cells and give rise to lymph vessels in a process termed vasculogenesis. In the adult, new blood vessels are formed mainly through angiogenesis (or lymphangiogenesis) from the pre-existing vasculature. In healthy individuals, the vascular architecture is fairly static, and both the excess and the insufficiency of vessels comprise a pathological angiogenic state, to which is credited the onset and/or progression of several diseases such as cancer, age-related macular degeneration, limb ischemia, and many others. Therefore, locally controlling the blood vessel density becomes interesting for the treatment of pathological conditions aiming at prognosis improvement and cure. Among the various known growth factors, the vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, stands out as the major regulator of the angiogenic process. This process is mediated through the action of pro- (VEGFxxx) and antiangiogenic (VEGFxxxb) isoforms, which are derived from the VEGF-A gene. Consequently, the proteins encoded by this gene are potential therapeutic targets. In this work, we set out to produce the recombinant protein isoforms rhVEGF165, rhVEGF165b, and rhVEGF121, which originate from the human VEGF-A gene, with the aim of generating biopharmaceuticals to be used for molecular therapy and tissue engineering. The rhVEGF165 and rhVEGF121 coding sequences were amplified from total cDNA sythesized from human lung total RNA. Conversely, the rhVEGF165b coding sequence was generated by site-directed mutagenesis of the rhVEGF165 sequence. The sequences were cloned into the pGEM®-T Easy cloning vector. These cDNAs were then subcloned into pLV-eGFP, a plasmid lentiviral transfer vector that allows for expression of transgenes and the eGFP reporter protein in mammalian cells. Human HEK293 cells cultivated under adherent conditions were independently co-transfected with each of the obtained constructs (pLV-rhVEGF165, pLV-rhVEGF165b, and pLV-rhVEGF121) and the pTK-Hyg vector at a proportion of 40:1 (m/m), enabling for the selection of transfectants with hygromycin B, apart from the detection of eGFP. The cell clones overexpressing the proteins of interest were evaluated for expression kinetics in serum-deprived conditioned media and adapted to static suspension culture in medium free of animal-derived components, demonstrating that expression of the protein isoforms was possible in these culture conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that describes the expression of VEGF-A isoforms in HEK293 cells in suspension culture. The rhVEGF165 and rhVEGF165b isoforms were purified by affinity chromatography from media previously conditioned by the overexpressing cell clones. The biological activity of rhVEGF165 was demonstrated in vitro, by the AngioPhaseTM Kit assay, and in vivo with the CAM (chorioallantoic membrane) assay, both of which are suitable for evaluating the pro- and antiangiogenic activity of different compounds. The rhVEGF165b did not show the expected antiangiogenic activity. These isoforms were tested in a model of murine tissue-engineered small intestine, indicating a possible contribution to therapeutic use in this context. The purification of rhVEGF121, as well as the structural analysis of all three proteins, are in the process of being optimized.

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Silva, Marcelo da. "Clonagem, expressão e purificação das proteínas de superfície, PsaA e fragmentos de PspA de Streptococcus pneumoniae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-27102005-163558/.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae é o principal causador da pneumonia bacteriana. As vacinas atualmente disponíveis contêm polissacarídeo capsular conjugado ou não com proteínas carreadoras. No entanto, elas apresentam elevado custo ou proteção reduzida nos grupos de risco (crianças abaixo de 5 anos de idade e idosos). Proteínas de superfície de S. pneumoniae, como a PsaA e PspA, são consideradas fortes candidatas vacinais. Com o objetivo de se desenvolver uma vacina de ampla cobertura e baixo custo contra pneumococos, os genes psaA e pspA foram clonados em vetores de expressão em E. coli, pAE e pET e as proteínas expressas foram purificadas por cromatografias de afinidade e de troca aniônica. O rendimento de proteína recombinante obtido com a construção baseada em pET foi 3 vezes maior que o obtido com pAE. Condições de cultivo foram estabelecidas utilizando meio definido com indução por IPTG e/ou por lactose. As cepas recombinantes estão adequadas para serem usadas em estudos para escalonamento da produção em biorreatores.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main causative agent of bacterial pneumonia. The current vaccines available contain capsular polysaccharide conjugated or not with carrier proteins. However these are either too expensive or do not protect the high-risk groups. Surface proteins of S. pneumoniae, such as PsaA and PspA, are considered strong vaccine candidates. With the aim of developing a broad-coverage and low-cost vaccine against pneumococcus, the psaA and pspA genes were cloned in E. coli expression vectors, pAE and pET and the expressed proteins were purified through affinity and anion exchange chromatography. The yield of the recombinant protein obtained with the construction based in pET was 3-fold higher than that obtained with pAE. Culture conditions were established using defined media with IPTG and/or lactose induction. The recombinant strains are now ready to undergo studies for scale-up of production in bioreactors.

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Fonseca, Marisa Cristina da. "Produção de estreptavidina recombinante pela levedura Pichia pastoris." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5386.

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Streptavidin has been exploited as affinity tag to isolate protein in biotinilated columns. Recombinant Pichia pastoris KM71/Stp strains containing the streptavidin core gene were cultured in fed-batch generating 150 g L-1 biomass. This biomass was achieved with a simpler and shorter process that has never been reported. The yeast was pre-cultured into 50 mL minimum medium with glycerol as only carbon source at 25ºC and 250 rpm. After 12 hours incubation, the culture was transferred to a bioreactor with 200 mL of the same initial A600 0,2. After 24 hours incubation the culture was fed-batch with glycerol and basal salts medium to reach 400 mL. The glycerol concentration of 2.0 moles. L-1 combined with a flow of 0.11 mL. min-1 and aeration by air injection dispersed with a porous stone and magnetic stirring of 500 rpm were the set of conditions to yield maximum biomass. The streptavidin concentration at the supernatant of the free cell culture at 96 hours, the maximum induction period, has achieved 4.0 g. L-1, reducing to 3.2 and 0.87 g. L-1 with two reutilizations. At the same time period the immobilized culture yield 75 %, 50 % and 80% less at the first, second and third culture utilization, respectively. The immobilization and recycling of recombinant P. pastoris biomass can prove to be a potential strategy to improve volumetric productivity.
Com o intuito de utilizar estreptavidina como alvo para isolar proteínas de interesse numa coluna biotinilada, P. pastoris KM71 recombinante contendo o gene do core da estreptavidina, foi cultivada em regime de batelada alimentada na fase de produção de biomassa, alcançando uma concentração de 150 g L-1. Essa biomassa foi alcançada com um novo protocolo, que além de reduzir os passos, introduziu um aparato simples, mas eficiente de dispersão de ar. Um reator com capacidade para 1 L, com 200 mL de meio mínimo com glicerol, foi inoculado com uma pré-cultura para uma A600 inicial de 0,2. Após 24 horas de incubação, a 25 ºC, 500 rpm e injeção e dispersão de ar através de pedra porosa, a alimentação foi iniciada com meio de sais basais e glicerol até atingir um volume de 400 mL. A concentração de 2,0 moles L-1 de glicerol e fluxo de 0,11 mL min-1 utilizados na alimentação, permitiram obter máxima biomassa. Na fase de indução de estreptavidina, foi estudada a reutilização da biomassa na produção de estreptavidina em duas condições: livres em suspensão e imobilizadas em partículas de alginato de cálcio. Em ambos os casos a proteína produzida apresentou-se biologicamente funcional, exibindo ligação esperada à biotina. A concentração de estreptavidina no sobrenadante da cultura de células livres no período de máxima indução (96 horas) atingiu 4,0 g L-1, reduzindo para 3,2 e 0,87 g L-1 respectivamente em duas reutilizações. Quando comparada às concentrações de estreptavidina obtidas pelas células livres em cada utilização, a imobilização resultou na produção de 75% na primeira utilização, 50% na segunda, mas alcançando quase 80% na terceira utilização. A imobilização e a reutilização da biomassa de P. pastoris recombinante ainda não haviam sido reportadas e a produção de estreptavidina nessas condições demonstrou ser uma técnica em potencial.

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Robic, Goran. "Soja como biorreator : estudo de extração e purificação de proteina recombinante utilizando 'beta'-glucuronidase." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267421.

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Orientador: Everson Alves Miranda
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Os trabalhos realizados utilizando plantas transgênicas como biorreatores para produção de proteínas recombinantes indicam que a cano Ia, o milho e a soja são candidatos de grande potencial. Apesar da semente de soja e suas proteínas serem sistemas bem estudados, não existem estudos sistemáticos e comparativos sobre da utilização da soja como um biorreator, no tocante à extração e purificação de proteínas recombinantes. Até hoje, segundo a literatura consultada, só existe uma tentativa de usar soja como biorreator (Russel et al., 2005), mas por causa da baixa expressão da proteína recombinante (hormônio de crescimento humano), este estudo aparentemente não teve continuidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, sob o ponto de vista de recuperação (extração) e purificação, sementes de soja como biorreatores para produção de proteínas recombinantes, usando b-glucuronidase recombinante (rGUS) como proteína modelo
Abstract: The work done on the field of using trasgenic plants as bioreactors indicates the soybean, canola and corn as a plants of choice. Although the extraction and purification of soybean seed proteins is well studied and the plant is relatively easy to transform, there is practically no study done with transgenic soybean seeds expressing recombinant proteins in terms of downstream processing. To our knowledge, soybean was used to produce human growth hormone (Russel et al., 2005), but the study of purification was not done due to the low expression level of that recombinant protein. The objective of this work to evaluate the soybean seeds, in terms of recuperation (extraction) and purification, as a bioreactor for production of recombinant proteins using b-glucuronidase (rGUS) as a model protein
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química

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Abdullah, N. "Strategies for expanded bed purification of recombinant protein." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595323.

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True biospecific affinity chromatography, immobilized metal affinity chelating (IMAC) and ion exchange chromatography (IEX) strategies, were investigated for EBA purification of a model system, recombinant glutathione-S-transferase (GST). All three strategies were performed using an unclarified E.coli homogenate containing GST concentration at 20-25 % of the total protein, which represented a large initial degree of purity. True biospecific affinity strategy exploits the naturally occurring affinity between GST and its natural substrate, glutathione (GSH). EBA purification using STREAMLINE GSH adsorbent was very specific and lead to a high purification fold of the target GST. However, it was hampered by a poor dynamic capacity (39 U mL^-1) and a low recovery yield (34 %). Although some improvements by using a greater volume of adsorbent in the expanded bed and operating at a lower superficial velocity with concomitant lower degrees of bed expansion were obtained, the overall purification performance remained unsatisfactory. This supports the hypothesis that affinity adsorbents are an unnecessary elaboration where products are already substantially pure. The use of short peptide tags on proteins in conjunction with EBA, using generic adsorbents to facilitate the facile recovery of the target protein, is a promising approach to simplify downstream processing flowsheets. Two IMAC adsorbents, STREAMLINE-IDA and STREAMLINE-NTA loaded with Ni²⁺ were used to purify GST-(His)₆, a construct specifically tagged with a histidine-rich sequence at the C-terminus. Both adsorbents exhibited adsorption performance similar to each other in EBA purification. They remained superior with high dynamic adsorption capacities (IDA at 357 U mL^-1 and NTA at 263 U mL^-1), high selective separation and highly robust adsorbents, compared to IEX and GSH adsorption systems. However, if the target protein is destined for therapeutic use, it may be necessary to incorporate additional processes to ensure the removal of the histidine-rich tag sequence. Due to the propensity of GST to form multimers, cleavage of the tag from this protein was unsuccessful. Such complications may disfavour the widespread adoption of this approach. However, in other model protein, polyhistidine tagged maltose-binding protein (MBP), successful tag digestion was obtained. The tag removal process was simple and efficient with a high yield of MBP. The simplicity and ability to operate with minimal loss of yield, indicates that the combination of affinity fusions and IMAC strategy for EBA, has great potential for efficient large-scale operation. The use of economic I EX approaches is an attractive alternative to avoid the need for affinity tag fusion consideration. IEX are popular for protein purification due to their robustness and versatility. When using STREAMLINE DEAE, additional purification steps are required to achieve a high degree of product purity, due to their low protein selectivity and some competition for adsorption between GST and Other Components in the feedstock.

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Holler, Christopher J. "Purification of an acidic recombinant protein from transgenic tobacco." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32379.

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Tobacco has been studied as a host for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins on a large-scale, commercial basis. However, the proteins expressed in tobacco usually need to be purified to high yield and purity from large amounts of biomass in order for their production to be commercially viable. The methods needed to purify proteins from tobacco are very challenging and not well studied. The objective of this research was to develop a process for the purification of the acidic model protein, recombinant Î²-glucuronidase (rGUS), from transgenic tobacco leaf tissue to high yield and purity.

Polyelectrolyte precipitation with polyethyleneimine (PEI) was identified as an initial purification step for purifying acidic recombinant proteins from tobacco. Polyethyleneimine precipitation allowed for high recovery and concentration of the target protein while removing large amounts of impurities from the initial extract. At dosages of 700-800 mg PEI/g total protein, nearly 100% of the rGUS activity was precipitated with generally more than 90% recovered from the pellet. In addition, more than 60% of the native tobacco proteins were removed in the process, resulting in a purification factor near 4.

Recombinant GUS was further purified by a step of hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) followed by a step of hydroxyapatite chromatography (HAC). The HIC step served to remove PEI and other contaminants such as nucleic acids that were accumulated during the precipitation step, while the HAC step served to separate rGUS from the remaining native tobacco proteins, most notably ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). Nearly 40% of the initial rGUS activity was recovered as a near homogeneous fraction based on SDS-PAGE analysis after the three step process.

The main steps used in this process are anticipated to be scalable and do not rely on affinity separations, making the process potentially applicable to a wide variety of acidic recombinant proteins expressed in tobacco as well as other leafy crops.
Master of Science

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20

Dwivedi, Gaurav Dutta. "Cloning and Expression of Streptococcal Recombinant Protein G." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Teknisk-naturvetenskaplig fakultet), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106723.

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Recombinant Protein G (rPG), an engineered form of streptococcal protein G with a theoretical molecular weight of 22.26 kDa was successfully cloned and expressed in E.coli BL 21(DE3) cells. The albumin binding domain was removed during the gene synthesis to avoid unspecific binding. This recombinant form of protein G contains only the IgG binding domains along with the 6X histidine tag at the N terminal. The removal of non-specific domains maximizes the specificity of IgG binding through the Fc region. The recombinant protein G was purified through heat treatment and using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). On an SDS-PAGE gel there was only a single band of the purified preparation which migrated at 32 KDa, however when analyzed by mass spectrometry it was ~22.4 kDa, this phenomenon of retarded migration on SDS-PAGE has been known from previous studies. The production of recombinant protein has also been optimized. The effects of expression temperature, inducer type, inducer concentration and media composition have been investigated. The expression was done at 10 liter scale using the best expression conditions, and the protein was purified to homogeneity, dialyzed and lyophilized. The pure protein was immobilized on a POROS AL (Self Pack® POROS® 20 AL, Applied Biosystems, USA). The immobilized protein IgG binding has been monitored using a VersAFlo system. This system allowed real time monitoring of IgG binding characteristics.

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Luther, Kelvin B. "Expression and purification of recombinant HIV-1 BH10 Tat protein." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62787.pdf.

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22

Ganne, Géraldine. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de lectines et d'adhésines chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949168.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa est un pathogène opportuniste responsable de nombreuses maladies nosocomiales chez les patients immunodéprimés ainsi que d'infections graves chez les patients atteints de la mucoviscidose (CF). La colonisation des voies respiratoires des patients CF est souvent mortelle car une fois installée, cette bactérie est difficile à éradiquer et provoque le déclin des fonctions respiratoires des patients. L'antibiothérapie devient inefficace face au développement de souches multi-résistantes et sa capacité à former un biofilm. L'étape cruciale initiant l'infection ou la formation du biofilm est l'adhésion durant laquelle des interactions spécifiques lectines/oligosaccharides permettent la fixation de la bactérie à la surface de la cellule hôte. Bloquer l'adhésion serait un moyen de lutter contre l'infection. Dans l'approche d'une thérapie anti-adhésive, plusieurs lectines impliquées dans l'adhésion et l'élaboration du biofilm sont prises comme cibles. Dans un premier temps, des lectines fimbriales putatives identifiées récemment, CupB6 et CupE6, ont fait l'objet d'une étude. Des essais d'expression, de purification et de cristallisation ont été réalisés dans l'objectif de résoudre leur structure cristallographique. Une étude visant à identifier le ligand naturel de CupB6 a également été entreprise. Puis une étude a été menée pour caractériser le potentiel d'inhibition de plusieurs molécules dérivées du galactose sur la lectine soluble, PA-IL. Certaines de ces molécules pourraient être utilisées comme glycomimétiques offrant une alternative aux antibiotiques. Une étude par microcalorimétrie et cristallographie aux rayons X a permis d'étudier la spécificité d'une lectine de légumineuse, PELa.

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23

Sloane, Rhona Patricia. "Construction, expression, and purification of a histidine-tailed bacteriophage T4 lysozyme." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243912.

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24

Mattsson, Johanna. "Purification of the recombinant SAD-C protein from Pisum sativum (pea)." Thesis, Örebro University, Institutionen för naturvetenskap Department of Natural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2201.

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SAD-C, a gene belonging to the small short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein (SAD) gene family, is up-regulated in Pisum sativum (pea) when the plant is exposed to UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation. SAD-C has a molecular weight of about 28 kDa and adopts a tetrameric structure. The aim of this work was to purify the protein SAD-C from Pisum sativum when overexpressed in E. coli strain BL21 StarTM (DE3) One Shot®.

The purification was facilitated by the presence of a His-tag consisting of six histidine residues at the C-terminal end of the protein. The purification trials of SAD-C were faced with problems since the sample fractions contained several other proteins as well. Several purification steps seem to be necessary for future trials. A crystallization trial was still set up and crystals were formed, but the crystals formed were probably not of SAD-C.

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25

Lai, Wen Bin. "Purification and refolding of recombinant viral protein expressed in Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619606.

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26

Han, Tzu-Chiang. "Control of Intein-Mediated Self-Cleaving Tag for Recombinant Protein Purification." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1453206997.

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27

Nguyen, Tien Cuong, Thi Tuyen Do, Thi Hien Trang Nguyen, and Dinh Thi Quyen. "Expression, purification and evaluation of recombinant L-asparaginase inmehthylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris: Expression, purification and evaluation of recombinant L-asparaginase in mehthylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29113.

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L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1), a therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Hence, the goal of this work is study the expression and evaluation of hydrolysis activity of native sequence (X12746) encoding for L-asparaginase from Erwinia chrysanthemi NCPBB1125 in the popular expression system Pichia pastoris. The sequence of asn encoded for mature protein was expressed in P. pastoris SMD1168 and X33. SDS-PAGE analysis showed recombinant L-asparaginase was secreted efficiently. Stable and high hydrolysis activity of extracellular L-asparaginase in P. pastoris SMD1168 making it a potential candidate to produce recombinant protein. After purification, a specific band whose appearance approximately 45 kDa indicating the glycosylated protein with specific activity by 6.251 Umg-1 and about 3 folds purifications.
L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1), một loại enzyme được sử dụng trong điều trị bệng ung thư bạch cầu mãn tính ở trẻ em. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là biểu hiện và đánh giá hoạt tính thủy phân của L-asparaginase mã hóa bởi đoạn gene (X12746) tương ứng từ Erwinia chrysanthemi NCPBB1125 được biểu hiện trong nấm men Pichia pastoris. Gene đã được cắt signal peptide và biểu hiện trong P. pastoris SMD1168 and X33. Qua phân tích kết quả điện di SDS-PAGE của môi trường sau lên men, L-asparaginase tái tổ hợp được tìm thấy trong dịch ngoại bào của P. pastoris. Với khả năng sản xuất protein có hoạt tính cao hơn so với chủng P. pastoris X33, SMD1168 được lựa chọn để biểu hiện L-asparaginase tái tổ hợp. Sau khi tinh sạch, sự xuất hiện của một băng có kích khối lượng phân tử xấp xỉ 45 kDa trên điện di SDS-PAGE cho thấy protein tái tổ hợp đã bị glycosyl hóa với hoạt tính riêng 6.251 Umg-1 và đạt độ sạch 3.471 lần.

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Miladi, Baligh. "Développement d’outils moléculaires de production et de purification de protéines recombinantes par suivi en temps réel." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0533/document.

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Les besoins en protéines recombinantes dans les diverses activités des bio-industries a considérablement augmenté ces dernières années. Cependant, les procédés de leur production sont encore limités par le manque de marqueurs permettant de suivre l'expression et la purification des protéines d'intérêt, la formation des corps d'inclusion et les faibles degrés de pureté.Afin de pallier à ces difficultés, nous avons développé et mis en œuvre un nouveau procédé de production et de purification de protéines recombinantes chez Escherichia coli. Ce procédé est basé sur l'utilisation d'une cassette d'expression appelée Multitags et sur le clivage par une TEV protéase immobilisée sur une matrice de streptavidine. Le Multitags comporte, à partir de son extrémité N-terminale, un double tag d'affinité (10xHis et SBP), le domaine de fixation de l'hème du cytochrome b5 et le site de clivage de la TEV protéase. En utilisant deux modèles différents de protéine d'intérêt (MyRIP et la Pfu DNA polymérase), nous avons montré l'efficacité du cytochrome b5 dans le suivi visuel et quantitatif par mesure d'absorbance des différentes étapes de production et de purification. Nous avons obtenu plus de 90% de chacune des deux protéines de fusion dans la phase soluble. L'application d'une chromatographie double via les deux tags d'affinité 10xHis et SBP a permis d'atteindre un degré de pureté du Multitags-MyRIP et du Multitag-Pfu de 99%. Nous avons construit des colonnes protéolytiques en produisant la TEV protéase sauvage et sa version mutée (S219V) en fusion avec le Streptag II et en immobilisant ces enzymes par affinité sur colonne de streptavidine-agarose. La caractérisation des colonnes protéolytiques et leur application aux protéines recombinantes d'intérêt modèles ont montré l'avantage de cette méthode d'immobilisation en termes d'activité protéase retenue, de stabilité des enzymes, de leur réutilisation et de simplification du schéma de purification et de récupération des protéines d'intérêt à haut degré de pureté. En conclusion, ces travaux de thèse ont permis de développer et de valider des outils innovants pour l'expression et la purification de protéines recombinantes
In recent years, the need for recombinant proteins has substantially increased in various bio-industry activities. However, actual recombinant processes are still limited by the lack of markers allowing real-time expression and purification monitoring of target proteins, by inclusion bodies formation and by low quality of purity of the products. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a new process for production and purification of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. The method combines the use of a multifunctional expression cassette, termed Multitags and an immobilized modified TEV protease on a streptavidin matrix. The Multitags contains, its N-terminus, two affinity purification tags (10xHis and SBP) and as a marker tag, the heme-binding domain of cytochrome b5 followed by the TEV cleavage site. Using two model proteins (MyRIP and Pfu DNA polymerase), we have demonstrated the visual and the quantitative monitoring capability of the cytochrome b5 during the expression and purification steps. When expressed in E. coli KRX more than 90% of both fusion proteins were produced in a soluble form. In addition, high purity (99%) of Multitags-MyRIP and Multitags-Pfu was achieved after two consecutive affinity purification steps using the dual affinity tag. We also produced the wild-type and the S219V mutant TEV proteases fused to the Streptag II affinity sequence and realized their affinity immobilization on a streptavidin-agarose matrix. The characterization of the proteolytic columns and their application to the recombinant model proteins demonstrated the advantage of this immobilization method in terms of retaining activities, enzyme stabilities, possibility of reuse and simplification of the cleavage downstream steps.In conclusion, this study allowed the development and the validation of innovative tools for expression and purification of recombinant proteins

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29

Nguyen, Tien Cuong, Thi Tuyen Do, Thi Hien Trang Nguyen, and Dinh Thi Quyen. "Expression, purification and evaluation of recombinant L-asparaginase in mehthylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190837.

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L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1), a therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Hence, the goal of this work is study the expression and evaluation of hydrolysis activity of native sequence (X12746) encoding for L-asparaginase from Erwinia chrysanthemi NCPBB1125 in the popular expression system Pichia pastoris. The sequence of asn encoded for mature protein was expressed in P. pastoris SMD1168 and X33. SDS-PAGE analysis showed recombinant L-asparaginase was secreted efficiently. Stable and high hydrolysis activity of extracellular L-asparaginase in P. pastoris SMD1168 making it a potential candidate to produce recombinant protein. After purification, a specific band whose appearance approximately 45 kDa indicating the glycosylated protein with specific activity by 6.251 Umg-1 and about 3 folds purifications
L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1), một loại enzyme được sử dụng trong điều trị bệng ung thư bạch cầu mãn tính ở trẻ em. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là biểu hiện và đánh giá hoạt tính thủy phân của L-asparaginase mã hóa bởi đoạn gene (X12746) tương ứng từ Erwinia chrysanthemi NCPBB1125 được biểu hiện trong nấm men Pichia pastoris. Gene đã được cắt signal peptide và biểu hiện trong P. pastoris SMD1168 and X33. Qua phân tích kết quả điện di SDS-PAGE của môi trường sau lên men, L-asparaginase tái tổ hợp được tìm thấy trong dịch ngoại bào của P. pastoris. Với khả năng sản xuất protein có hoạt tính cao hơn so với chủng P. pastoris X33, SMD1168 được lựa chọn để biểu hiện L-asparaginase tái tổ hợp. Sau khi tinh sạch, sự xuất hiện của một băng có kích khối lượng phân tử xấp xỉ 45 kDa trên điện di SDS-PAGE cho thấy protein tái tổ hợp đã bị glycosyl hóa với hoạt tính riêng 6.251 Umg-1 và đạt độ sạch 3.471 lần

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30

Granovski, Vladimir. "Purificação de fatores de coagulação VIII e VII recombinantes para o tratamento das hemofilias A e B produzidos a partir de células humanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17156/tde-26042018-173449/.

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Neste trabalho foram estudados diversos métodos cromatográficos para a purificação de fatores recombinantes de coagulação VII (FVIIr) e VIII (FVIIIr) derivados de linhagens celulares humanas SK-Hep. O FVIIIr é utilizado para o tratamento da Hemofilia A, enquanto o FVIIr é utilizado para o tratamento da Hemofilia B e também a Hemofilia A. Produzir estes fatores em linhagens celulares humanas faz com os padrões de glicosilação, sulfatação e enovelamento destas proteínas sejam extremamente parecidos com os fatores endógenos produzidos no organismo humano. A purificação do FVIIIr através de técnicas de cromatografia multimodais usando a resina CaptoMMC, afinidade usando a resina FVIIISelect e troca iônica (SP-Sepharose) permitiu obter um produto bastante homogêneo e com perfil de banda (por SDS-PAGE) bem definido que demonstrou a presença esperada das cadeias leve e pesada (o Westen-Blott indicou que os anticorpos comerciais reconheceram a cadeia pesada da molécula estudada). As técnicas permitiram uma alta reprodutibilidade do processo onde sequencias de purificação indicaram o mesmo comportamento de perfis cromatográficos e o processo eliminou 99.5% ± 0,5% de proteínas inespecíficas, recuperando até 64% de FVIIIr. O FVIIr foi purificado com apenas uma única técnica cromatográfica usando a resina FVIISelect que isolou a proteína de interesse eliminando cerca de 99% de impurezas, recuperando praticamente todo o produto. O eluido da cromatografia de afinidade foi dialisado em membranas de 5 kDa o que resultou no processo de auto ativação da molécula de FVIIr, resultando em um aumento de sinal de até 5x em relação a quantidade inicial. O gel de SDS-PAGE e o Westen-Blott comprovaram o processo de auto-ativação no qual uma migração de banda de 50 kDa para 30kDa foi observada e os anticorpos comerciais contra FVII foram capazes de detecta-la. O método de purificação também foi bastante reproduzível e o perfil de banda muito semelhante se comparado ao produto comercial existente no mercado. Sendo assim, foi possível obter plataformas de purificação para as proteínas FVIIr e FVIIIr.
In this work, several chromatographic methods were studied for the purification of recombinant clotting factors VII (FVIIr) and VIII (FVIIIr) derived from human SK-Hep cell lines. The FVIIIr is used for the treatment of Hemophilia A, while the FVIIr is used for the treatment of Hemophilia B and Hemophilia A. Producing these factors in human cell lines results in glycosylation, sulphation and folding patterns similar to the endogenous factors produced in the human organism. Purification of FVIIIr by multimodal chromatography techniques using CaptoMMC resin, affinity using FVIIISelect resin and ion exchange (SP-Sepharose) yielded a fairly homogeneous and well-defined band profile (by SDS-PAGE) which demonstrated the expected presence of the light and heavy chains, Westen-Blott indicated that commercial antibodies recognized the heavy chain of the studied molecule. The techniques allowed a high reproducibility of the process where purification sequences indicated the same behavior of chromatographic profiles and the process eliminated 99.5% ± 0.5% nonspecific proteins and recovering up to 64% FVIIIr. FVIIr was purified with only a single chromatographic technique using the FVIISelect resin which isolated the protein by removing about 99% impurities and recovering virtually the entire product. The affinity chromatography eluate was dialyzed on 5 kDa membranes which resulted in the autoactivation process of the FVIIr molecule resulting in a signal increase of up to 5 fold over the initial amount. The SDS-PAGE gel and Westen-Blott demonstrated the auto-activation process where a migration of 50 kDa to 30 kDa band was observed and the commercial antibodies against FVII were able to detect the band. The purification method was also quite reproducible and the band profile very similar compared to the commercial products. Thus, it was possible to obtain purification platforms for the FVIIr and FVIIIr proteins.

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Selamoglu, Hande. "High-level Expression Of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen In Pichia Pastoris, Its Purification And Immunological Characterization." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611390/index.pdf.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae, is responsible for acute and chronic hepatitis. The vaccines presently used to immunize patients against HBV are recombinant subunit vaccines consisting of viral surface antigens (S protein). However, they are expensive and their use is limited in poor countries. For that reason, HBV remains an important worldwide health problem. Of the 2 billion people who have been infected with the HBV, more than 350 million have chronic (lifelong) infections, who face increased risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, high-level expression of recombinant Hepatitis B surface Antigen (rHBsAg), PreS2-S was achieved in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris. For this aim, a single copy of HBV M gene (PreS2-S) was inserted at the downstream of the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter of the pPICZA vector. rHBsAg protein could then be expressed intracellularly by induction with methanol. High cell density fermentation was followed by chromatographic separation to obtain pure rHBsAg. Humoral response after immunization with the purified protein was observed in mice using commercial Hepatitis B surface antigen kits. It was verified by the atomic force microscopy that rHBsAg has been produced in the desired conformation.

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32

Dias, Ana Margarida Gonçalves Carvalho. "Development of an affinity pair “Tag-Receptor” for recombinant protein expression and purification." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10924.

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Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
The main objective of this work was the development of an affinity pair for the purification of recombinant proteins. In this work, ligands based on the Ugi Reaction and the 1,3,5-Triazine scaffold were synthesised in solid-phase and screened for binding to an affinity tag, an hexapeptide constituted by asparagine aminoacid (N). The ligands were tested against pure solutions of the hexapeptide and Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP), used as a model protein. The ligands that had the highest affinity for the hexapeptide and lowest affinity for the protein were selected for further studies with cellular extracts. The cellular extracts were produced in HEK 293T cells transfected with two designed vectors: one containing the GFP tagged with the affinity tag, and the other containing GFP without tag. The efficient expression of a recombinant GFP fused with the designed affinity tag was demonstrated. The cellular extracts were then loaded onto chromatographic columns containing the lead ligands immobilised onto agarose, and the amount of total protein and GFP bound and eluted noted. The results demonstrated that the Ugi ligands were less selective than the Triazine ligands for the hexapeptide. The triazine ligand 7,4 has been considered as the most selective for the designed affinity tag. In addition, preselected lead ligands for another hexapeptide (RW) of interest were studied. Mammalian cells HEK 293T were transfected with a vector expressing for GFP tagged with this peptide. The ligands immobilized onto agarose were loaded with cellular extracts, being noted that the lead A6C3 showed a high selectivity for the tag tested.

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Stimple, Samuel Douglas. "Recent Advances in Developing Molecular Biotechnology Tools for Metabolic Engineering and Recombinant Protein Purification." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514494485801145.

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Theron, Louwrens Wiid. "Expression and purification of recombinant extracellular proteases originating from non-Saccharomyces yeasts." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85704.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During wine fermentation, yeasts release extracellular enzymes that significantly impact wine properties. While the extracellular proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been characterised, those of non-Saccharomyces yeasts remain largely unknown. Most of these enzymes break down sugar polymers or catalyse the liberation of glycosidically-bound molecules. Another category of enzymes of oenological interest is represented by acid proteases that are able to prevent or reduce protein haze, as reported in literature, while simultaneously increasing the assimilable nitrogen content of wine. The liberation of amino acids from peptides and proteins that serve as aroma precursors may also have an indirect effect on wine aroma. In a recent study performed at the Institute for Wine Biotechnology (IWBT), the sequences of two aspartic proteases were retrieved from non-Saccharomyces yeast species isolated from South African wines. The genes, MpAPr1 and CaAPr1, were isolated from two non-Saccharomyces species, Metschnikowia pulcherrima IWBT Y1123 and Candida apicola IWBT Y1384, respectively. However, no further characterization was undertaken. This study aimed to clone these two genes into a recombinant bacterial host for expression and purify the corresponding enzymes as a first step toward characterizing their kinetic properties. Considering that some non-Saccharomyces species have been shown to produce more than one acid protease, an additional aim was to identify novel acid proteases within M. pulcherrima IWBT Y1123. Cloning of the genes and transformation of the expression vectors into E. coli were achieved. Optimal conditions for induced expression were established following extensive optimization. Furthermore, while native extraction of the recombinant proteins was unsuccessful, denaturing conditions allowed their recovery, suggesting that the recombinant proteins are encapsulated into inclusion bodies. Recombinant MpAPr1 was purified by using a nickel based column system and mass fingerprinting of the purified enzyme (MpAPr1) confirmed its identity. Purification was followed by refolding experiments, but yielded poor recovery of active enzymes. Unfortunately, recombinant expression of CaAPr1 could not be observed for reasons yet to be elucidated that may include the large sequence dissimilarities between CaAPr1 and MpAPr1. Finally, Southern blot analysis on the genomes of M. pulcherrima IWBT Y1123 and C. apicola IWBT Y1384 revealed that both possess at least one additional protease other than those previously described. Further analysis of the extracellular proteome of M. pulcherrima IWBT Y1123 also confirmed the presence of at least one enzyme able to hydrolyze BSA at a low pH. Unfortunately, mass fingerprinting performed on the entire extracellular proteome and on small groups of proteins thereof did not allow the identification of these enzymes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende fermentasie van druiwe sap skei gis ekstrasellulêre ensieme af wat ‘n aanmerklike impak op wyn eienskappe het. Terwyl die ekstrasellulêre proteïene vanaf Saccharomyces cerevisiae al gekarakteriseer is, bly die van nie-Saccharomyces spesies grootliks onbekend. Meeste van hierdie ensieme breek suiker polimere af of kataliseer die vrystelling van glikosiediese verbonde molekules. ‘n Ander klas van ensieme wat van belang is vir oenologie word voorgestel deur proteases wat in staat is daartoe om proteïenewaas te verminder, soos voorheen geraporteer is in literatuur, terwyl dit terselfde tyd die assimileerbare stikstof inhoud kan vermeerder. Die vrystelling van aminosure vanaf peptiede en/of proteïene wat as aroma voorlopers dien mag ook ‘n indirekte effek op die wyn se aroma profiel hê. In ‘n onlangse studie wat uitgevoer is by die Instituut vir Wynbiotegnologie (IWBT) was die volgordes van twee aspartiese proteases bepaal vanaf twee nie-Saccharomyces gis spesies wat geisoleer was uit Suid-Afrikaanse wyne. Die gene MpAPr1 en CaAPr1, was afsonderlik geisoleer vanuit twee nie- Saccharomyces giste, Metschnikowia pulcherrima IWBT Y1123 en Candida apicola IWBT Y1384. Egter was daar geen verder karakterisering van hierdie ensieme nie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die bogenoemde gene in ‘n rekombinante bakteriese gasheer te kloneer vir uitdrukking en suiwering as ‘n eerste stap tot karakterisering van hul kinetiese eienskappe. Om in ag te neem dat sommige nie-Saccharomyces spesies meer as een protease produseer was ‘n aditionele mikpunt om vir nuwe suur proteases te soek binne M. pulcherrima IWBT Y1123. Klonering van hierdie gene en transformasie van die uitdrukkings vektore in E. coli was suksesvol. Optimale kondisies vir die induksie van ekspressie was bevestig na omvattende optimalisering. Verder, terwyl inheemse ekstraksie van die rekombinante proteïene onsuksesvol was, het denatureerende kondisies toegelaat vir suksesvolle ekstraksie, wat voorgestel het dat die rekombinante proteïene geinkapsileer word in inklusie liggame. Rekombinante MpAPr1 was gesuiwer deur gebruik te maak van ‘n niekel gebaseerde kolom sisteem en massa petied fingerafdrukke van die gesuiwerde ensiem (MpAPr1) het die identiteit bevestig. Suiwering was gevolg deur hervouing eksperimente, maar het swak opbrengste gelewer van die aktiewe ensiem. Ongelukkig kon die rekombinante ekspressie van CaAPr1 nie gevisualiseer word nie vir redes wat nog bevestig moet word, maar wat mag behels dat daar groot volgorde veskille tussen MpAPr1 en CaAPr1 kan wees. Uiteindelik was Southern blot hibridiseering analises uitgevoer op die genome van albei M. pulcherrima IWBT Y1123 en C. apicola IWBT Y1384 wat voorgestel het dat albei ten minste een addisionele protease, anders as die wat voorheen geidentifiseer was, bevat. Verder analiese van die ekstrasellulêre proteoom van M. pulcherrima IWBT Y1123 het ook die teenwoordigheid van ten minste een ensiem bevestig wat die vermoë het om BSA te hidroliseer by ‘n lae pH. Ongelukkig het massa peptied vingerafdrukbepaling wat uitgevoer was op die hele ekstrasellulêre proteoom en op klein groepe protein nie identifikasie van hierdie ensieme bevestig nie.

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35

Rochereau, Nicolas. "Rye cell wall β-glucosidase: subcloning, expression and purification of recombinant protein from E.coli." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1329.

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Several plant defense systems consist of enzymes that act on glucosides and produce a toxic compound. In the intact plant tissue the substrate and enzyme are kept apart. The system studied here consists of the substrate 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and the enzyme glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase in rye. The aim was to determine the properties of a cell wall β-glucosidase. Two different systems for expression and purification of β-glucosidase fused to a tag were used: a 6xHistidine tag system and a thioredoxin tag system. The sequence of the β-glucosidase had previously been determined so now the gene was subcloned into E.coli. A direct PCR on colonies, a test expression, a restriction digestion of plasmids and sequencing was made to analyze the transformation, which all turned out successful. Then the β-glucosidase solubility was determined. Finally a purification of the β-glucosidase from E.coli under native conditions and a pNPG assay was carried out. For the (His)6-tagged protein, the recombinant β-glucosidase tended to end up in the insoluble pelleted fraction which indicated formation of inclusion bodies. The cell wall 1,3-β-glucosidase was soluble with the thioredoxin system, but the percentage of soluble protein fraction was around 5% only of the total protein. In eluates from a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid column the presence of recombinant protein was confirmed with Western blot, but contaminating bands were also present. Purified elauted fractions did not exhibit detectable β-glucosidase activity. It was not possible to purify active enzyme. From a BLAST search it was clear that the most similar enzymes all had putative glycosylation sites and lack of glycosylation could be a reason for the protein not to fold properly.

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OH, JOONGSEOK. "DESIGN OF RECOMBINANT TENEBRIO MOLITOR ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN FOR PURIFICATION USING ELASTIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE TAG." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1409230499.

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37

Ho, Christine Kuo. "Expression, purification and characterization of the structural properties of recombinant Pysp1 and Pysp2 spidroins." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/846.

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Spider silk is a natural high-performance biopolymer with superior mechanical propetiies. Although these fibers out perfmm several man-made and natural biomaterials, there are cha llenges to be circumvented before commercialization. One of the silkproducing glands warranting further study is the pyrifonn gland, which produces gluelike threads functioning to cement dragline silk to substrates. We focused on the molecular properties of PySp 1, the major component of pyrifonn silk from Latrodectus hersperus, and its putative Oiiholog, PySp2, from Nephi/a clavipes. To date, there are no reports describing the secondary structure of PySp internal block repeats. Moreover, because the PySp C-terminus amino acid residues are distinct from MaSp C-terminus and the morphology of these glands is different, we hypothesized that PySp C-terminal domains form distinct secondary structures. The MaSp C-terminus has been shown to regulate the silk assembly process and whether the PySp C-terminus performs a similar function is unknown. In order to test this supposition, we used the following experimental approaches: I) we developed a series of PySp prokaryotic expression constructs carrying various block repeat modules representative of the internal iterations found within the protein chain; 2) we constructed prokaryotic expression vectors coding for the PySp C-terminal domains; 3) we expressed and purified the PySp C-terminal domains from bacteria; 4) we performed structural analyses of the purified PySp C-terminal domains using cd spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. After expression and purification of the PySp C-tennini proteins, our studies support that this domain displays a predominantly ~-sheet structure, distinctive from the NMR-determined ahelical nature of MaSp C-tennini. The difference in secondary structure implies the MA and pyriform glands use different biochemical mechanisms during fiber extrusion to control protein folding and assembly. By investigating protein folding and fiber formation for different spider silk types, its characteristics can be customized for spinning different materials for industrial applications.

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Woolston, Peter William. "A physicochemical database for an expert system for the selection of recombinant protein purification processes." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307004.

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39

Ross, Kristin Coby. "Separation of Recombinant β-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Tobacco by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43471.

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Biopharmaceutical manufacturing is a rigorous and expensive process. Due to the medicinal nature of the product, a high purity level is required and several expensive purification steps must be utilized. Cost-effective production and purification is essential for any biopharmaceutical product to be successful and development of the fastest, most economical, and highest-yielding purification scheme is a constant engineering challenge. Commercial-scale purification schemes currently revolve around the use of multiple chromatography steps for the purification of biopharmaceutical products. Chromatography has many shortcomings including high cost, limited throughput, and complex scale up. The goal of this research was to develop an alternative, non-chromatography purification step for the separation of an acidic model protein, recombinant β-glucuronidase (rGUS), from transgenic tobacco with high yield and purity. Aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) is a powerful technique for separation and purification of proteins, and has the potential to replace an expensive chromatography step for the initial purification of recombinant proteins. ATPE enables high levels of target protein recovery and concentration while removing large amounts of impurities from the initial extract. Fractional factorial designs and response surface methodology were used to determine an optimized aqueous two-phase system for the purification of rGUS from transgenic tobacco. In a 13.4 % (w/w) PEG/18% (w/w) potassium phosphate system, 74% of the rGUS was recovered in the top PEG-rich phase while 90% of the native tobacco proteins were removed in the interphase and the bottom phase. A purification factor of about 20 was achieved in this process.
Master of Science

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40

Ho, Christine Kuo. "Expression, purification and characterization of the structural properties of recombinant Pysp1 and Pysp2 spidroins : a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/846.

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Spider silk is a natural high-performance biopolymer with superior mechanical propetiies. Although these fibers out perfmm several man-made and natural biomaterials, there are cha llenges to be circumvented before commercialization. One of the silkproducing glands warranting further study is the pyrifonn gland, which produces gluelike threads functioning to cement dragline silk to substrates. We focused on the molecular properties of PySp 1, the major component of pyrifonn silk from Latrodectus hersperus, and its putative Oiiholog, PySp2, from Nephi/a clavipes. To date, there are no reports describing the secondary structure of PySp internal block repeats. Moreover, because the PySp C-terminus amino acid residues are distinct from MaSp C-terminus and the morphology of these glands is different, we hypothesized that PySp C-terminal domains form distinct secondary structures. The MaSp C-terminus has been shown to regulate the silk assembly process and whether the PySp C-terminus performs a similar function is unknown. In order to test this supposition, we used the following experimental approaches: I) we developed a series of PySp prokaryotic expression constructs carrying various block repeat modules representative of the internal iterations found within the protein chain; 2) we constructed prokaryotic expression vectors coding for the PySp C-terminal domains; 3) we expressed and purified the PySp C-terminal domains from bacteria; 4) we performed structural analyses of the purified PySp C-terminal domains using cd spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. After expression and purification of the PySp C-tennini proteins, our studies support that this domain displays a predominantly ~-sheet structure, distinctive from the NMR-determined ahelical nature of MaSp C-tennini. The difference in secondary structure implies the MA and pyriform glands use different biochemical mechanisms during fiber extrusion to control protein folding and assembly. By investigating protein folding and fiber formation for different spider silk types, its characteristics can be customized for spinning different materials for industrial applications.

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41

Sonnendecker, Christian, Ren Wei, Elisabeth Kurze, Jinpeng Wang, Thorsten Oeser, and Wolfgang Zimmermann. "Efficient extracellular recombinant production and purification of a Bacillus cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in Escherichia coli." Unievrsität Leipzig, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21101.

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Background: Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) catalyze the synthesis of cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosaccharides composed of glucose monomers that find applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. An economic application of these industrially important enzymes requires their efficient production and recovery. In this study, the effect of Sec-type signal peptides on the recombinant expression of a CGTase derived from Bacillus sp. G825-6 was investigated in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using a codon-adapted gene. In addition, a novel purification method for the CGTase using starch adsorption was developed. Results: Expression vectors encoding N-terminal PelB, DacD, and the native Bacillus sp. G825-6 CGTase signal peptides (SP) were constructed for the recombinant CGTase. With the DacD SP derived from E. coli, a 3.9- and 3.1-fold increase in total enzyme activity was obtained compared to using the PelB and the native CGTase SP, respectively. DacD enabled a 7.3-fold increase of activity in the extracellular fraction after induction for 24 h compared to the native CGTase SP. After induction for 48 h, 75% of the total activity was detected in the extracellular fraction. By a batch wise adsorption to starch, the extracellular produced CGTase could be purified to homogeneity with a yield of 46.5% and a specific activity of 1637 U/mg. Conclusions: The signal peptide DacD promoted the high-level heterologous extracellular expression of a recombinant CGTase from Bacillus sp. G825-6 with a pET20b(+) vector in E. coli BL21(DE3). A protocol based on starch adsorption enabled a fast and efficient purification of the recombinant enzyme.

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Azhari, Ala. "Cloning of the Gene, Purification as Recombinant Protein and Functional Characterization of Leishmania mexicana Cytochrome b5 Reductase." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4282.

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Leishmania are protozoan parasites that are transmitted by a sand fly vector. These parasites affect not only humans but also wild animals including domestic dogs and rodents, which form an additional challenge and public health problem to control the disease. Leishmaniasis is an important disease with worldwide distribution, including Saudi Arabia, the Middle East, and other tropical and subtropical areas around the world. Due to the expansion of irrigation and agricultural activities, more exposure to sand fly occurs, which leads to the expansion of leishmaniasis infections as newly emerging disease. Emerging drug resistance in leishmaniasis is an additional problem, contributed by enzymes involved in the detoxification of pharmacological agents and other xenobiotics. Cytochrome b5 reductase (Cb5r) has a high pharmacological significance because of its essential role in fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of cholesterol (humans) or ergosterol (Leishmania, fungi), and cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification of xenobiotics. Leishmania Cb5r has seven different isoforms whereas human has only one. Cb5r-7 isoform in Leishmania has closest homology to the human Cb5r. The three specific aims of this thesis project are focusing on (i) cloning of the Cb5r-7 isoform from Leishmania mexicana, (ii) its purification as recombinant His-tagged protein from E.coli, and (iii) its functional characterization as potential pharmacological target against Leishmania.

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43

Souabni, Hager. "Modulation de l’activité du flavocytochrome b₅₅₈ : étude fonctionnelle." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112036/document.

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Le complexe NADPH oxydase est un élément essentiel de l’immunité inné. Présent dans les cellules phagocytaires (neutrophile), sa fonction est de produire massivement, dans le phagosome, des anions superoxyde et générer ainsi des espèces encore plus réactives de l’oxygène qui vont détruire acides nucléiques, lipides et protéines des bactéries phagocytées. Le cœur membranaire catalytique du complexe NADPH oxydase est constitué d’un hétérodimère membranaire, le cytochrome b₅₅₈ (Cyt b₅₅₈). Après activation de celui-ci par les partenaires protéiques cytosoliques p47phox, p67phox, p40phox et Rac, une succession de réactions de transferts d’électron de part et d’autre de la membrane a lieu au sein du Cyt b₅₅₈ pour aboutir à la réduction du dioxygène de manière très contrôlée. Afin de mieux comprendre cette régulation, nous nous sommes d’abord intéressés aux stéreoisomères trans de l’acide arachidonique, activateur naturel de cet enzyme (cis), sur le fonctionnement de la NADPH oxydase et avons abordé cette étude parallèlement sur du Cytb₅₅₈ d’origine bovine présent dans des membranes de neutrophiles et dans des membranes de levures exprimant le Cytb₅₅₈ de manière hétérologue. Nous avons montré que la géométrie joue un rôle important sur l’activation du complexe enzymatique. Dans un deuxième temps, afin d’étudier le rôle de l’environnement membranaire sur le fonctionnement de la NADPH oxydase, nous avons déterminé les propriétés cinétiques et thermodynamiques de l’activité NADPH oxydase du Cytb₅₅₈ recombinant exprimé en levures, purifié, puis reconstitué en liposomes de composition lipidique variée. Après comparaison avec ces mêmes propriétés obtenues pour le Cytb₅₅₈ dans les membranes plasmiques et du réticulum endoplasmique de levures, nous avons montré que l’activité NADPH oxydase très sensible à la température peut être modulée par la composition et l’état physique de la membrane
NADPH oxidase complex is a major actor of both antimicrobial host defense and inflammation by generating highly regulated superoxide anion, rapidly converted into reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NADPH oxidase complex consists of a heterodimeric integral membrane flavocytochrome b₅₅₈ and three cytosolic components p67phox, p47phox and p40phox, and the small GTP binding protein Rac. In response to a cellular stimulus, cytosolic proteins are recruited to the phagosomal membrane where they are assembled with the Cytb₅₅₈ to form the active NADPH oxidase. The aim of the work was to better understand the modulation of superoxide anion production by this enzyme. For this purpose, we performed experiments with both bovine neutrophil membranes and yeast membranes expressing the bovine recombinant Cytb₅₅₈. We first investigated the effect of the trans-isomerization of the cis-arachidonic acid, the activator of NADPH oxidase in vitro and showed that specific geometry of the activator plays an important role in the activation of the complex. We also studied the role of the membrane environment on the functioning of NADPH oxidase and determined the kinetics and thermodynamics of NADPH oxidase activity depending on the lipid composition of Cytb₅₅₈ proteoliposomes. Comparison with these properties obtained with recombinant Cytb₅₅₈ embedded into endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes, we showed that the NADPH oxidase activity is highly temperature dependent and can be modulated by the lipid environment and the physic state of the membrane

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44

Cedergren, Linda. "Expression of recombinant protein including an His-tag to facilitate purification for diagnosis of CCHF and Lassa Viruses." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7064.

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Abstract

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHF) and Lassa virus are giving sources illness to humans. In addition to zoonotic transmission, CCHF and Lassa virus can spread from person to person. After a short incubation period, CCHF and Lassa virus infections are characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, headache and cough just like flu. Even some people are vomiting and have diarrhoea. After a few days of illness hemorrhagic manifestations occur. Treatment options for CCHF and Lassa viruses are limited, and there is no vaccine available for use in humans. The purpose of the present study was to produce recombinant nucleocapsid protein of Lassavirus and CCHF virus including an aminoterminal His-tag by a Semliki Forest Virus Replicon (pSFV 4.2). The recombinant proteins are planned to be used in future development of diagnostic methods.

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45

Parisien, Albert. "Large-Scale Production in 'Escherichia coli' TG1 and Purification of Llama Single Domain Antibody ToxA5.1 Against 'Clostridium difficile' Toxin A." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26242.

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Drug resistant strains of Clostridium difficile are a major health concern with over 3 million cases costing over 1 billion $ per year in the United-States. The diseases associated with these bacteria (CDAD) are toxin-mediated which offers a mean of treating and lessening the severity of CDAD symptoms. Toxin inactivation via antibodies therapy can drastically reduce CDAD morbidity and this project was aiming at investigating the large-scale production and recovery of a novel llama single domain antibody (pSJF2H-ToxA5.1) in recombinant Escherichia coli TG1 targeting C. difficile enterotoxin A (TcdA). In order to achieve these objectives, the project was divided into four segments: 1) ToxA5.1 being an intracellular recombinant protein, obtaining a high biomass production was the first step towards large-scale production. To achieve HCDC, effects of initial glucose concentration and pH-stat feeding strategy were studied; 2) Upon achieving HCDC, effects of parameters such as temperature, induction timing and media supplementation with complex nitrogen sources were investigated; 3) Once large-scale production of ToxA5.1 was obtained, the recombinant protein needed to be recovered and a selective cell lysis scheme where synergistic lysis effects of Triton X-100 and temperature were studied. And finally 4) Single-step purification using nickel nanoparticles (NNP) synthesized via a modified polyol method was studied. Combining the HCDC strategy with a temperature shift and yeast extract addition at the time of induction, ToxA5.1 concentration of 127 mg/L was obtained. Synergistic and selective cell lysis using Triton X-100 and temperature was achieved where 95% of the available ToxA5.1 was recovered and still functional while ToxA5.1 fraction in the resulting lysate increased to 27% in the cell lysate. Single-step purification was achieved using the synthesized NNP which proved to be highly selective and could be used up to five times. Diameter of the NNP synthesized was controlled by using various concentration of ranging from 131 ± 80 nm to 47 ± 20 nm. Using experimental data from binding isotherm, the ToxA5.1-NNP system was modeled.

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46

Liu, Jianyun. "Plant-derived Murine IL-12 and Ricin B-Murine IL-12 Fusions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30190.

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Interleukin-12 (IL-12), an important immuno-modulator for cell-mediated immunity, shows significant potential as a vaccine adjuvant and anti-cancer therapeutic. However, its clinical application is limited by lack of an effective bioproduction system and by toxicity associated with systemic administration of IL-12. The goals of this research were to determine whether plants can serve as an effective production system for bioactive IL-12, a complex 70kDa glycoprotein cytokine, and whether the plant lectin RTB can facilitate mucosal delivery of IL-12 to immune responsive sites. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing murine IL-12 were generated and characterized. To ensure stochiometric expression of the two separately encoded, disulfide-linked subunits of IL-12 (p35 and p40), a single-chain form of mouse IL-12 (mIL-12) was utilized. Hairy root cultures, as a fast-growing bioproduction system were developed from high expressers of mIL-12. A purification scheme was developed to purify plant-derived mIL-12 from hairy roots and purified mIL-12 was used to assess IL-12 bioactivity in vitro in mouse splenocytes and in vivo in mouse intranasal vaccination trials. Plant-derived mIL-12 triggered induction of interferon-gamma secretion from mouse splenocytes as well as stimulation of cell proliferation with comparable activities to those observed for the animal-cell-derived mIL-12. Mouse vaccination trials using GFP as the antigen and CT as the adjuvant suggested that plant-derived mIL-12 enhanced Th1 immunity and exhibited similar activity to animal-cell-derived mIL-12 in vivo. Plant-derived IL-12 itself was non-immunogenic suggesting conformational equivalency to endogenous mouse IL-12. Ricin B (RTB), the non-toxic carbohydrate-binding subunit of ricin, directs uptake of ricin into mammalian cells and the intracellular trafficking of ricin A, the catalytic subunit of ricin. RTB's function suggests that it may work as a molecular carrier for effective mucosal delivery of IL-12. To prove this hypothesis, transgenic plants producing RTB:IL-12 fusions were generated and characterized. Our results demonstrated that RTB fused to the carboxyl-terminus of IL-12 maintained full lectin activity and IL-12 bioactivity. RTB fused to the amino-terminus of IL-12 did not show lectin activity due to steric hinderance. Purified IL-12:RTB from transgenic plant tissue was tested in an in vitro mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) assay. The results indicate that RTB facilitates the binding of IL-12 to the epithelial cells and presentation of IL-12 to immune responsive cells. In conclusion, my research has shown that transgenic plants are capable of producing valuable bioactive proteins, such as IL-12. Plant-derived mIL-12 exhibited similar activity to animal-cell-derived mIL-12 both in vitro and in vivo. Fusion of IL-12 with the RTB lectin facilitates the delivery of IL-12 to mucosal immune responsive cells and thus may serve as a molecular carrier to enhance IL-12 efficacy and reduce the side-effects associated with systemic administration of IL-12.
Ph. D.

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47

Andersson, Christin. "Production and delivery of recombinant subunit vaccines." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Biotechnology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3027.

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Recombinant strategies are today dominating in thedevelopment of modern subunit vaccines. This thesis describesstrategies for the production and recovery of protein subunitimmunogens, and how genetic design of the expression vectorscan be used to adapt the immunogens for incorporation intoadjuvant systems. In addition, different strategies fordelivery of subunit vaccines by RNA or DNA immunization havebeen investigated.

Attempts to create general production strategies forrecombinant protein immunogens in such a way that these areadapted for association with an adjuvant formulation wereevaluated. Different hydrophobic amino acid sequences, beingeither theoretically designed or representing transmembraneregions of bacterial or viral origin, were fused on gene leveleither N-terminally or C-terminally to allow association withiscoms. In addition, affinity tags derived fromStaphylococcus aureusprotein A (SpA) or streptococcalprotein G (SpG), were incorporated to allow efficient recoveryby means of affinity chromatography. A malaria peptide, M5,derived from the central repeat region of thePlasmodium falciparumblood-stage antigen Pf155/RESA,served as model immunogen in these studies. Furthermore,strategies forin vivoorin vitrolipidation of recombinant immunogens for iscomincorporation were also investigated, with a model immunogendeltaSAG1 derived fromToxoplasma gondii. Both strategies were found to befunctional in that the produced and affinity purified fusionproteins indeed associated with iscoms. The iscoms werefurthermore capable of inducing antigen-specific antibodyresponses upon immunization of mice, and we thus believe thatthe presented strategies offer convenient methods for adjuvantassociation.

Recombinant production of a respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) candidate vaccine, BBG2Na, in baby hamster kidney(BHK-21) cells was investigated. Semliki Forest virus(SFV)-based expression vectors encoding both intracellular andsecreted forms of BBG2Na were constructed and found to befunctional. Efficient recovery of BBG2Na could be achieved bycombining serum-free production with a recovery strategy usinga product-specific affinity-column based on a combinatoriallyengineered SpA domain, with specific binding to the G proteinpart of the product.

Plasmid vectors encoding cytoplasmic or secreted variants ofBBG2Na, and employing the SFV replicase for self-amplification,was constructed and evaluated for DNA immunization against RSV.Both plasmid vectors were found to be functional in terms ofBBG2Na expression and localization. Upon intramuscularimmunization of mice, the plasmid vector encoding the secretedvariant of the antigen elicited significant anti-BBG2Na titersand demonstrated lung protective efficacy in mice. This studyclearly demonstrate that protective immune responses to RSV canbe elicited in mice by DNA immunization, and that differentialtargeting of the antigens expressed by nucleic acid vaccinationcould significantly influence the immunogenicity and protectiveefficacy.

We further evaluated DNA and RNA constructs based on the SFVreplicon in comparison with a conventional DNA plasmid forinduction of antibody responses against theP. falciparumPf332-derived antigen EB200. In general,the antibody responses induced were relatively low, the highestresponses surprisingly obtained with the conventional DNAplasmid. Also recombinant SFV suicide particles inducedEB200-reactive antibodies. Importantly, all immunogens inducedan immunological memory, which could be efficiently activatedby a booster injection with EB200 protein.

Keywords: Affibody, Affinity chromatography, Affinitypurification, DNA immunization, Expression plasmid, Fusionprotein, Hydrophobic tag, Iscoms, Lipid tagging, Malaria,Mammalian cell expression, Recombinant immunogen, RespiratorySyncytial Virus, Semliki Forest virus, Serum albumin,Staphylococcus aureusprotein A, Subunit vaccine,Toxoplasma gondii

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48

Ferreira, Francisco C. "Periplasmic binding protein FhuD of Escherichia coli K-12 : overexpression in Bacillus subtilis, purification, and renaturation of the recombinant FhuD." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ44166.pdf.

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49

OLIVEIRA, JOAO E. de. "Purificacao de hormonio de crescimento humano recombinante obtido no espaco periplasmico de ESCHERICHIA COLI, visando sua aplicacao clinica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10755.

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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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50

Milne, Trudy Jane. "Purification and characterisation of Tex31, a conotoxin precursor processing protease, isolated from the venom duct of Conus textile." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16960/1/Trudy_J_Milne_Thesis.pdf.

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Abstract:

The venom of cone snails (predatory marine molluscs of the genus Conus) has yielded a rich source of novel neuroactive peptides or “conotoxins”. Conotoxins are bioactive peptides found in the venom duct of Conus spp. Like other neuropeptides, conotoxins are expressed as propeptides that undergo posttranslational proteolytic processing. Peptides derived from propeptides are typically cleaved at a pair of dibasic residues (Lys-Arg, Arg-Arg, Lys-Lys or Arg-Lys) by proteases found in secretory vesicles. However, many precursor peptides contain multiple sets of basic residues, suggesting that highly substrate specific or differentially expressed proteases can determine processing outcomes. As many of the substrate-specific proteases remain unidentified, predicting new bioactive peptides from cDNA sequences is presently difficult, if not impossible. In order to understand more about the substrate specificity of conotoxin substrate-specific proteases a characterisation study of one such endoprotease isolated from the venom duct of Conus textile was undertaken. The C. textile mollusc was chosen as a good source from which to isolate the endoprotease for two reasons; firstly, these cone shells are found in great abundance on the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia) and are readily obtainable and secondly, a number of conotoxin precursors and their cleavage products have been previously identified in the venom duct. In order to purify the endoprotease an activity-guided fractionation protocol that included a para-nitroanilide (p-NA) substrate assay was developed. The p-NA substrate mimicked the cleavage site of the conotoxin TxVIA, a member of the C. textile O-superfamily of toxins. The protocol included a number of chromatographic techniques including ion exchange, size-exclusion and reverse-phased HPLC and resulted in isolation of an active protease, termed Tex31, to >95% purity. The purification of microgram quantities of Tex31 made it possible to characterise the proteolytic nature of Tex31 and to further characterise the O-superfamily conopeptide propeptide cleavage site specificity. Specificity experiments showed Tex31 requires a minimum of four residues including a leucine in the P4 position (LNKR↓) for efficient substrate processing. The complete sequence of Tex31 was determined from cDNA. A BLAST search revealed Tex31 to have high amino acid sequence similarity to the CAP (abbreviated from CRISP (Cysteine-rich secretory protein), Antigen 5 and PR-1 (pathogenesis-related protein)) superfamily and most closely related to the CRISP family of mammalian and venom proteins that, like Tex31, have a cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. The CAP superfamily is widely distributed in the animal, plant and fungal kingdoms, and is implicated in processes as diverse as human brain tumour growth and plant pathogenesis. This is the first report of a biological role for the N-terminal domain of CAP proteins. A homology model of Tex31 constructed from two PR-1 proteins, Antigen 5 and P14a, revealed the highly conserved and likely catalytic residues, His78, Ser99 and Glu115. These three amino acids fall within a structurally conserved N-terminal domain found in all CAP proteins. It is possible that other CAP proteins are also substrate-specific proteases. With no homology to any known proteases, Tex31 may belong to a new class of protease. The sequence alignment of five Tex31-like proteins cloned from C. marmoreus, C. litteratus, C. arentus, C. planboris, and C. omaria show very high sequence similarity to Tex31 (~80%), but only one weakly conserved serine residue was identified when the conserved residues of the new Tex31-like protein sequences were aligned with members of the CAP superfamily. Future work to identify members of catalytic diad or triad, e.g. by site-directed mutagenesis, will rely on the expression of active recombinant Tex31. In this study neither Escherichia coli nor Pichia pastoris expression systems yielded active recombinant Tex31 protein, possibly due to the number of cysteine residues hindering the expression of correctly folded active Tex31. This study has shown Tex31 to be highly sequence specific in its cleavage site and it is likely that this high substrate specificity has confounded previous attempts to identify the proteolytic nature of other CAP proteins. With the proteolytic nature of one member of the CAP protein family confirmed, it is hoped this important discovery may lead the way to discovering the role of other CAP family members.

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