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Academic literature on the topic 'Recombinaison de défauts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Recombinaison de défauts"
Salaün, Hélène, Mathilde Saint-Ghislain, Audrey Bellesoeur, Philippe Beuzeboc, Cindy Neuzillet, Véronique Diéras, Marc Henri Stern, and Manuel Rodrigues. "Défauts de la recombinaison homologue et inhibiteurs de PARP en thérapeutique." Bulletin du Cancer 109, no. 1 (January 2022): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.09.015.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Recombinaison de défauts"
Ait, Saada Anissia. "Mécanismes par lesquels la recombinaison homologue prévient les défauts mitotiques induits par le stress réplicatif." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS167/document.
Full textAt each cell cycle, cells undertaking the DNA replication process face several sources of replication stress (RS) compromising the progression of the replicating forks and threatening both chromosome duplication fidelity and their correct segregation during mitosis. Replication stresses emerged as a major source of genetic instability and cancer development. Several mechanisms, among which homologous recombination (HR), operate to buffer the deleterious effects of RS. HR acts as an escort to fork progression and prevents mitotic defects. Nonetheless, the molecular connection between replication stress and mitotic defects remains elusive. A conditional replication fork barrier (RFB) acting in a polar manner was developed in the lab to terminally-arrest fork progression. In this system, HR functions handling replication stress can be assessed independently of its well-known function in double strand break repair. The work described here aims to understanding the mechanism that HR performs to ensure genetic stability in response to replication stress. In general, blocked replication forks can be rescued either by fork convergence or by active HR-mediated fork restart. However, in absence of Rad51 recombinase or it loader Rad52, a single activated RFB is sufficient to induce mitotic abnormalities including anaphase bridges. The involvement of HR factors in fork protection was explored at the molecular and cellular levels. It turns out that terminally-arrested forks are extensively resected by the Exo1 nuclease in the absence of Rad51/Rad52. Interestingly, the excess of ssDNA accumulation at the fork triggers sister chromatid non-disjunction in mitosis despite the arrival of an uncorrupted converging fork to rescue replication. Thus, unprotected replication forks are prone to pathological termination threatening chromosome segregation. HR being involved in fork protection and restart, the use of a Rad51 mutant showed that these two functions are genetically separable. Indeed, protected forks unable to restart by HR do not show any pathological termination. Thus, beyond their ability to restart inactivated forks, HR factors ensure replication completion by maintaining the forks in a suitable conformation for a fusion with the converging fork. Overall, these results shed light on the molecular events engaged by RH to ensure genome stability in response to replication stress
Alabert, Constance. "Étude des liens entre les défauts de réplication et la recombinaison chez la levure S. Cerevisiae." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T045.
Full textRéaux, David. "Cellules photovoltaïques à hétérojonctions de silicium (a-Si˸H/c-Si) : modélisation des défauts et de la recombinaison à l'interface." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS174/document.
Full textSilicon heterojunction (Si- HET) solar cells are based on an n-doped (p-doped) crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrate, a very thin (a few nanometers) passivation layer of undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and a layer of p-doped (n-doped) a-Si:H, approximately 10 nanometer- thick. These cells currently lead the performance of silicon solar cells with conversion efficiencies in the order of 26% (with a record of 26.6% being achieved by the Kaneka company in 2017). One of the major focal points of research in Si- HET cells is the study of the c-Si/a-Si:H interface, which is a key factor in the cells' efficiency. In particular, this efficiency is strongly dependent on the recombination states at the interface between c-Si and a-Si:H. We therefore focused on developing a model of recombination through interface defects, which were evaluated based on the Defect-Pool Model (DPM) in a-Si:H. We calculated the effective lifetime vs excess carrier density curves and their dependence on the undoped a-Si:H passivation layer thickness and compared them to experimental results.In order to determine the characteristics of the c-Si/a-Si:H interface, we proceeded as follows: (1) Calculation of the volumic density of states (DOS) in a-Si:H layers (doped and undoped) using the DPM. In this model, the DOS varies as a function of the position of the Fermi level in relation to the band edge. The band bending at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface thus implies a spatial variation of the DOS in a-Si:H. (2) Calculation of the surface DOS at the interface by projection from the volumic states present in a-Si:H at the interface. (3) Calculation of the recombination rates and of the effective lifetime curves for symmetrical a-Si:H/c-Si/a-Si:H structures and comparison with experimental results. Thus we were able to study the impact of material parameters of a-Si:H on the effective lifetime curves. The change in lifetime as a function of a-Si:H parameters is sometimes counter-intuitive because two passivation mechanisms, namely passivation by field-effect or by the reduction of the DOS at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface, have opposed behavior in relation to the position of the Fermi level at the interface. A simple calculation of the DOS at the interface is not, therefore, sufficient to explain variations in lifetime, and a complete calculation of effective lifetime under illumination is required and has been performed. We demonstrate that the impact of certain DPM parameters may have a significant effect on the DOS but only a minor effect on the effective lifetime due to the compensation by the field-effect passivation. Moreover we have studied both types of silicon heterojunctions, (p)a-Si:H/(i)a-Si:H/(n)c-Si(PIn), and (n)a-Si:H/(i)a-Si:H/(n)c-Si(NIn) that are used as front emitter and back surface field junctions, respectively, in double-side contacted silicon Si-HET solar cells. Our simulations allowed us to emphasize that NIn interfaces are less critical in terms of recombination than PIn interfaces. We demonstrate that recombination at PIn interfaces is dominated by the capture of electrons by positively charged silicon dangling bonds. We further show that the Urbach energy is the major a-Si:H parameter that determines the effective lifetime in Si-HET solar cells and that the use of fixed values for this Urbach energy in the passivation layer whatever the layer thickness does not permit the experimental trends of PIn interfaces to be reproduced. Instead, we propose a model featuring that the Urbach energy decreases with the thickness of the passivation layer, which does allow experimental trends to be reproduced for very thin passivation layers (< 10 nm), but which requires further elaboration for larger thicknesses, for instance with a combined bandgap variation
Nemar, Noureddine. "Génération-recombinaison en régime de porteurs chauds dans le silicium de type P." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20151.
Full textSibille, Alain. "Etude des défauts créés par irradiation électronique dans InP." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077083.
Full textFekecs, André. "Élaboration de photoconducteurs d’InGaAsP par implantation d'ions de fer pour des applications en imagerie proche-infrarouge et spectroscopie térahertz." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6840.
Full textDarga, Arouna. "Etude des défauts électriquement actifs et des mécanismes de recombinaison des cellules solaires à base de Cu(In1-xGax)(Se1-ySy)2 co-évaporé ou électrodéposé." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066413.
Full textVera, Gabriella. "Défauts de la réparation de l’ADN et développement lymphoïde : Analyse de situations pathologiques chez l’homme et la souris." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T028/document.
Full textThroughout their development, hematopoietic cells are exposed to many DNA damages of either exogenous or endogenous origin. Living organisms evolved a variety of DNA repair mechanisms in order to face those threats, and their impairment leads to rare but severe diseases in human. Of the two mechanisms involved in the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, one plays a major role in mammal’s Immune System (IS). The non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway is essential for the correct proceeding of V(D)J recombination in lymphocyte progenitors from bone marrow and thymus. Indeed, the formation of DNA DSB is a key step of the rearrangement. In similar fashion, though to a lesser degree, NHEJ is involved in repair of AID induced breaks during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (Ig-CSR). Our team previously identified a new NHEJ factor, Cernunnos (or XLF), as being responsible for a human syndrome of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) associated with ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity (RS-SCID) and microcephaly. To better understand Cernunnos role in the hematopoietic system and particularly in lymphocyte development, we engineered a knock-out (KO) mouse model for this gene. Surprisingly, lymphocyte development is almost normal in these mice, the only defect observed being a decrease of lymphocyte number. However, a refined analysis of T cell repertoire allowed us to uncover a bias in the use of V and J segments from the receptor’s α chain (TCRα). This is the signature of a survival defect in thymocytes, caused by chronic activation of the p53 dependent apoptosis pathway in response to DNA damage. Some discrete T cell populations, such as iNKTs and MAITS, would be affected. In the meantime, our team pursues the uncovering of genetic diseases and their functional description in patients showing signs of immune or hematopoietic deficiency combined to impaired DNA repair. We focused on a patient harboring clinical signs of genomic instability and hematopoietic defects with strong evidence for genetic cause. Thanks to high-throughput DNA sequencing technology and whole genome association study (WGAS), we identified several mutations, one of them striking us as pertinent
Oulmane, Mohamed. "Transport dans les composants en présence de centres profonds : modélisation numérique et analytique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20210.
Full textChapelon, Olivier. "Transport en régime de porteurs chauds dans le silicium de type n." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20066.
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