Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recognition of difference'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Recognition of difference.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Recognition of difference.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Vincent, Kerry. "Teenage pregnancy, motherhood and education : the recognition and non-recognition of difference." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523466.
Full text
2
Matsumoto, Mutsumi Tara. "Making Koreans Japanese? Teachers' mis-recognition and non-recognition of cultural difference." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492568.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the discourse of national identity (Japanese racial purity) and educational practice, which is mostly predicated as an unquestioned idea of a homogeneous Japanese nation. It aims to examine what lies behind the explicit assumption of the Japanese homogeneity, despite the fact that Japan has always been ethnoculturally diverse. In particular, this thesis investigates the case of Korean 'invisibility' in Japan.
3
Corey, Vicka Rael. "The electrophysiological difference between nouns and verbs /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9092.
Full text
4
Street, Alice Naomi. "Diagnosing difference : medical agency and the politics of recognition in a Papua New Guinean hospital." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612449.
Full text
5
Reid, Kyla Marguerite Doris. "Towards dialogue on recognition of indigenous difference : discourses of self-determination in democratic theory and indigenous scholarship." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32190.
Full textAbstract:
This paper argues that conceptual dialogue regarding self-determination between
democratic theorists and indigenous scholars is necessary before dialogue between the
Canadian state and indigenous communities can be fruitful. This conceptual dialogue is
impossible as long as democratic theorists and indigenous scholars essentialize each
other's understandings of the self. Using Charles Taylor's theory of recognition, I argue
that both democratic theorists and indigenous scholars present multiple ways of
conceiving of self-determination and highlight the work of Dale Turner and Hannah
Arendt as most productive for theoretical dialogue that may inform the more pragmatic
dialogues between the Canadian state and indigenous communities.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
6
Cyrenne, De-Laine. "Developmental and sex differences in responses to novel objects : an exploration of animal models of sensation seeking behaviour." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2550.
Full textAbstract:
Human adolescents exhibit higher levels of sensation seeking behaviour than younger or older individuals, and sensation seeking is higher in males than females from adolescence onwards. Data suggest that changes in gonadal hormone levels during adolescence and differences in the dopamine neurotransmitter system are the bases for why some people exhibit sensation seeking behaviour while others do not. However, causal relationships between physiology and behaviour have been difficult to establish in humans. In order to explore the physiological influences on novelty-seeking behaviour, we looked at response to novelty in a laboratory rodent. This research examined responses to novelty in the conditioned place preference (CPP) task and the novel object recognition (NOR) task in Lister-hooded rats, and assessed the benefits and limitations of each methodology. While the CPP task was not found to provide a reliable measure of response to novelty, the NOR task was more successful. In order to understand the ontogeny of sex differences in novelty responses, both males and females were tested from adolescence through to adulthood. While no sex difference was found in adults in the NOR test, mid-adolescent males exhibited higher novelty preference behaviour than either younger or older males, or females at each stage of development. Since gonadal hormones levels rise during adolescence, a pharmacological agent (a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist) was used to suppress gonadal hormone levels from early adolescence before again examining responses on the NOR test at mid-adolescence. Gonadal hormone suppression from early adolescence onwards eliminated the sex difference in the NOR test at mid-adolescence by reducing the male response to novelty, while no difference was measured in the female animals. These findings suggest that gonadal hormones play a significant role in the development of response to novelty, especially in males, and the implications for our understanding of human sensation-seeking behaviour are discussed.
7
Nelson, Elizabeth. "Investigating the Associations between Performance Outcomes on Tasks Indexing Featural, Configural and Holistic Face Processing and Their Correlations with Face Recognition Ability." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37917.
Full textAbstract:
Many important questions remain unanswered regarding how we recognize faces. Methodological inconsistencies have contributed to confusion regarding these questions, especially those surrounding three purported face processing mechanisms—featural, configural, and holistic—and the extent to which each play a role in face recognition. The work presented here aims to 1) empirically test the assumption that several face recognition tasks index the same underlying construct(s), and 2) contribute data to a number of ongoing debates concerning the reliability and validity of various methods for assessing integrative (i.e., holistic and/or configural) aspects of face processing.
Experiment 1 tested the assumption that various tasks purporting to measure integrative face processing index the same construct(s). It is important to test this assumption because if these tasks are in fact measuring different things, then researchers should cease interpreting them as interchangeable measures. Using a within-subjects design (N = 223) we compared performance—as reflected by accuracy and reaction time measures, as well as two types of difference scores—across four of the most commonly used integrative face processing tasks: The Partial Composite Face Effect Task, the Face Inversion Effect Task, the Part Whole Effect Task, and the Configural/Featural Difference Detection Task.
Analyses showed that within-task correlations were much stronger than those between-tasks. This suggests that the four conditions within each task are measuring something in common; In contrast, low correlations across tasks suggest that each is measuring something unique. This in turn suggests these tasks should not be seen as assessing the same integrative face-processing construct. Exploratory factor analyses corroborated the correlation data, finding that performance on most conditions loaded onto a single factor in unrotated solutions, but onto separate factors in direct oblimin-rotated solutions.
In Experiment 2, we investigated the question of whether integrative face processing performance is related to face recognition ability. We did this by assessing the degree to which results from four widely-used integrative face processing tasks correlate with a measure of general face recognition ability, The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). The four integrative processing tasks used in this study only partly overlapped those from in Experiment 1. They were: The Complete Composite Face Effect Task, the Partial Composite Face Effect Task, the Part Whole Effect Task, and the Configural/Featural Difference Detection Task. As with Experiment 1, we used a within-subjects design (N = 260) and analyzed a variety of performance variables across these tasks.
Analyses demonstrated low to moderate positive correlations between performance on the task conditions and performance on the CFMT. This suggests that the constructs the tasks reflect do contribute to face recognition ability to a modest degree. These analyses also replicated parts of Experiment 1, showing weak correlations between tasks. Also similar to Experiment 1, factor analyses generally revealed task conditions loading onto a common first factor in the unrotated factor matrix, but loading separately in the rotated factor solution.
In addition to providing evidence regarding the nature of integrative face processing tasks, the data presented here speak to a number of other questions in this domain. For instance, they contribute to the debate regarding which kinds of difference scores (subtraction-based or regression-based) are more reliable, as well as the reliability of the various tasks used to investigate integrative face processing. In addition, the data inform the debate over whether the Complete or the Partial version of the Composite Face Effect Task is the superior measure of integrative face processing.
In summary, the studies presented here indicate that the previous literature in face recognition needs to be interpreted with care, with an eye to differences in methodology and the problems of low measurement reliability. The various methods used to investigate integrative face processing are not assessing the same thing and cannot be taken as reflecting the same underlying construct.
8
ESTEVES, PAMELA SUELLI DA MOTTA. "THE SCHOOL IS NOT AN EASY PLACE ... NOT EVEN!: BULLYING, NON-RECOGNITION OF DIFFERENCE AND THE BANALITY OF EVIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25910@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A presente pesquisa, um estudo de natureza qualitativa acerca da violência escolar, teve como objetivo principal conhecer, interpretar e compreender as relações entre pares permeadas por práticas agressivas que atualmente são conceituadas como bullying. O estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública de ensino médio da rede estadual do Rio de janeiro. Buscamos investigar a percepção dos professores e dos estudantes acerca do bullying enquanto um tipo específico de violência escolar. A principal hipótese da pesquisa é que os altos índices de casos de bullying estão diretamente relacionados à dificuldade dos estudantes em reconhecer e conviver com as diferenças culturais e identitárias que são construídas e reconstruídas no ambiente escolar. Nessa perspectiva, para compreender a motivação que está por trás das práticas de agressão investigamos o bullying como uma intolerância em relação à diferença. Percebemos que a intolerância à diferença é insuficiente para explicar a gravidade das agressões e buscamos, além disso, investigar o bullying como um comportamento maliciosamente banal, que se origina da incapacidade de pensar e refletir sobre o significado e as consequências das ações. Tal incapacidade é resultante, entre outros fatores, de um projeto moderno de sociedade que não valoriza uma proposta educacional voltada para o pensamento e para reflexão. Considerando a intolerância e a banalidade como expressões motivadoras e explicadoras do bullying, utilizamos a Teoria do Reconhecimento de Charles Taylor e Axel Honneth e o conceito de Banalidade do Mal de Hannah Arendt para fundamentar nossa hipótese principal. Como procedimentos metodológicos, além de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, foram realizadas observações do campo, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 08 professores e 10 estudantes que se voluntariaram para a pesquisa. A pesquisa concluiu que os estudantes conhecem o bullying e são afetados por esse tipo de violência, mas não confiam na escola como instituição capaz de ajudá-los a enfrentar o problema. Os professores sabem identificar os casos de bullying, mas não se preocupam em compreender os motivos que levam a essa prática, quando muito se limitam a pensar em estratégias de enfrentamento. A gestão escolar nega a ocorrência do bullying e interpreta os conflitos e agressões entre pares como brincadeiras rotineiras do cotidiano escolar. A pesquisa apontou também que a problemática do bullying configura-se como um tema marginalizado e banalizado na escola.
This is a qualitative study on school violence. This research aimed at knowing, interpreting and comprehending the aggressive actions also known as bullying that happen among peers. This work took place at a public high school in the state of Rio de Janeiro. We intended to investigate the teachers and students perceptions concerning bullying as a type of school violence. Our hypothesis was that higher rates of bullying actions are related to the students difficulties at recognizing and dealing with cultural and identity difference that is built and rebuilt in the school environment. In order to comprehend the motives that were behind those aggressive actions, we investigated bullying as intolerance towards difference. We perceived that intolerance to difference is not enough to explain the severity of these aggressive acts. Thus, we investigated bulling as a maliciously trivial behavior. The source of this kind of behavior is a result of the inability to think and to reflect upon the meaning and the consequences of those aggressive acts. This inability is also a result of a modern society project that does not give the right value to an educational approach aimed at thinking and reflecting. We considered that intolerance and the banality of evil as expressions that motivate and explain bullying. We use the Theory of recognition by Charles Taylor and Axel Honnet and the concept of banality of evil by Hanna Arendt as a basis to our main hypothesis. As our methodological choices, we have had an extensive literature review, along with field observation, questionnaires and semistructured interviews with eight teachers and ten students who volunteered. As a conclusion to this work, we found that students know what bullying is, they know the practice and they are affected by this kind of violence, however they do not completely trust on their school asan institution that could be able to help them face the problem. Teachers know how to identify the bullying cases, but they do not mind comprehending the reasons that lead to those actions. At most, they think of some strategies in order to face the problem. The school management denies that bullying occurs and interprets these conflicts and aggressions as routineplays that normally take place at school. This research also pointed out that bullying is a sidelined and a trivialized theme at school.
9
Mathias, José Ronaldo Alonso. "Diferença e identidade - sentidos em construção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27153/tde-20052009-130249/.
Full textAbstract:
A atualidade do tema da diferença em comunicação e de sua relação com o de identidade é aqui tomado com objeto de estudo. Buscando referenciais conceituais e teóricos de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, bem como se servindo de exemplos e práticas empíricas ligadas ao tema, o trabalho destaca as condições de interligação entre diferença e identidade apontando sobretudo a dimensão de autonomia que os envolve. Propõe que a atualidade da temática reflete um contexto sócio-histórico onde a diferença e a identidade assumem significações renovadas também no campo da comunicação social.The topicality of the theme of difference in the communication area and of its relation to the theme of identity is taken as an object of study in this work. By looking at conceptual and theoretical references from different knowledge areas, as well as making use of examples and empirical practices connected with the issue, the work highlights the interrelation between difference and identity, pointing especially to the autonomy dimension which involves them. It proposes that the topicality of the theme reflects a social-historical context in which difference and identity have taken renewed meanings also in the field of communication.
10
Ganchorre, Athena Roldan. "Recognition and Respect for Difference: Science and Math Pre-service Teachers' Attributes that Underlie a Commitment to Teach in Under-resourced Schools." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202743.
Full textAbstract:
This work revealed what is at the core of a particular group of prospective teachers that underlie their commitment to teach in under-resourced schools and districts. Prospective teachers committed to teaching in under-resourced schools have qualities or attributes of recognition and respect for students and families who come from low-income and culturally different backgrounds and experiences. These prospective teachers were able to recognize complex interactions that students and their families face at the individual, social and institutional level. They also sought ways to address their students' learning needs by drawing from students' experiences to make meaningful connections between home and school. To identify students' and families' lived experiences, cultural practices, and language as resources to draw from, are acts of recognition and respect towards students and their families who are, for many prospective teachers, different from themselves. Recognition and respect for difference are essential attributes that underlie a socially just and humanistic pedagogy which can positively impact the learning outcomes for students who are historically poorly served by our public schools. This work highlights a different view that prospective teachers from majority White European backgrounds have about social others. It also provides a new framework using social otherness as a lens to reveal prospective teachers' understandings and knowledge about students and families from low-income backgrounds.
11
Nibaruta, Gaudence. "Multicuralisme et justice sociale : les enjeux politiques de la reconnaissance chez Charles Taylor et Axel Honneth." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30054.
Full textAbstract:
Sous l’effet de la mondialisation qui a accéléré le rapprochement des cultures, la notion d’identité a pris de l’importance dans la conscience contemporaine. L’émergence du multiculturalisme et de l’idéal de la reconnaissance est liée à ce phénomène. Elle est fondée sur un rejet de l’identité essentielle jugée comme fictive et assimilationniste, au profit d’une valorisation de l’identité sociale réelle. Cette investigation porte sur les enjeux de l’identité, à savoir, sa formation, les conditions de possibilité de son épanouissement, sa reconnaissance dans l’espace public, et surtout son intégration dans la gestion des affaires de l’État. Ces enjeux soulèvent les passions, jusqu’à constituer dans certains cas des menaces pour la cohésion sociale et l’unité de l’État. À travers une analyse conceptuelle et une discussion des problèmes moraux et politiques touchant l’actualité des sociétés contemporaines, Taylor démontre que l’harmonie sociale et l’épanouissement individuel et collectif passent nécessairement par une gestion harmonieuse de l’identité et de la différence. Quant à Honneth, il développe une théorie de l’intersubjectivité, en soulignant que l’identité des individus ne peut se former et s’épanouir que dans des rapports de reconnaissance. Les deux penseurs se rejoignent sur l’idée qu’au fond de l’exigence de la reconnaissance se trouve l’idéal de justice sociale et d’équité. Au-delà de l’estime mutuelle, le partage équitable des richesses (matérielles ou symboliques), les compromis, les accords ou accommodements raisonnables, deviennent le pilier d’un vivre-ensemble harmonieuxUnder the influence of globalization, which has brought different cultures closer, the notion of identity has taken center stage in contemporary consciousness. The emergence of multiculturalism and the recognition of the ideal are connected to this phenomenon. They are based on the rejection of the essential identity, which is judged as fictitious, for the benefit of a real social one. This research accounts for the stakes in identity: its formation, the conditions of possibility of its self-fulfillment, its recognition in the public area, and especially its integration in the management of the affairs of the state. Such requirements sometimes raise passions and may be considered as threats to social cohesion and the compactness of the state. Through an abstract quest and a discussion of the moral and political problems affecting contemporary societies, Taylor demonstrates that social harmony and individual and collective self-fulfillment is inevitably interwoven with a harmonious management of identity and some difference. As for Honneth, he develops an idea based on intersubjectivation, and underscores the fact that the identity of the individual can formed and allow to blossom in the presence of requirements for the recognition of the ideals of social justice and equity. Beyond mutual respect, the equal distribution of wealth (material or symbolic), compromises, agreements or reasonable settlements, are the pillars of harmonious societies
12
ANDERSSON, FILIP, and DAVID BERGLING. "Knock-Knock Door Lock : Unlocking your door with a secret knock sequence." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279814.
Full textAbstract:
The door lock - a key function in every modern home, as well as a product which is today undergoing drastic change. The digital revolution has not left the door lock untouched, and there is today a wide variety of digital door locks utilizing technologies ranging from touch displays to fingerprint readers. The premises of the project was to try a different approach to the digital door lock and implement it schoolyard-style using a secret knock sequence, set by the user. The secret sequence would consist of two elements, both a rhythmical and a positional pattern. To unlock the door, the user would therefore need to simultaneously knock the correct rhythm and knock at the correct positions. To record and analyze the knock vibrations, piezo electric sensors connected to an Arduino Uno were used. To unlock the door, a small servo motor, two gears and a timing belt were used to turn the lock turning knob . Despite a short time frame and hardships due to the limitations caused by the coronavirus outbreak, a fully functional prototype which fulfilled both reliability and consistency was achieved. It could with good consistency recognize the test sequence, which was the intro rhythm to ”We Will Rock You” knocked in a square pattern. But even with flawless functionality, the conclusion would have been the same. The security of the system may be exceptional from a technical perspective, but it falls flat when the human factor is taken into account. The ability for a potential burglar to simply watch as one executes the secret knock is too much of a security hazard for the system to ever be considered as a competitor to other alternatives. The usage of the system is therefore better suited for applications where the thrill of using the product is more important than the actual security of it.Dörrlåset - en grundläggande funktion i varje modernt hem, och samtidigt en produkt som idag genomgår drastisk förändring. Som resultat av den digitala revolutionen finns det idag en uppsjö av olika digitala dörrlås som utnyttjar allt från touchskärmar till fingeravtrycksläsare. Syftet med projektet var att testa en annorlunda tappning på det digitala dörrlåset, och förverkliga något många hade drömt om i barndomen - ett dörrlås aktiverat genom ett eget hemligt knackningsmönster. Det hemliga knackningsmönstret skulle då bestå av både ett rytmiskt och ett positionellt mönster. Därmed skulle den som ville öppna dörren behöva knacka både rätt rytm, och på rätt ställen på dörren. För att spela in och analysera vibrationerna från knackningarna användes piezoelektriska sensorer kopplade till en Arduino Uno. Mekanismen som styrde själva upplåsningen bestod av en liten servomotor, två kugghjul och en kuggrem som kopplade samman det hela. Trots en begränsad tidsram och motgångar orsakade av coronaviruset lyckades en fullt fungerande prototyp med hög pålitlighet färdigställas. Den kunde med hög tillförlitlighet känns igen testsekvensen, som var introrytmen till ”We Will Rock You” knackat i mönstret av en kvadrat. Men även med felfri prestanda hade slutsatsen varit densamma. Säkerheten för systemet må vara exeptionell ur ett rent tekniskt perspektiv, men den faller platt när den mänskliga faktorn tas med i beräkningen. Risken att en potentiell inbrottstjuv helt enkelt tittar på när någon knackar det hemliga mönstret är för stor för att systemet någonsin skulle kunna betraktas som en seriös konkurrent till andra digitala dörrlås. Produkten är därmed bäst lämpad för användningsområden där nöjet av att använda den är av högre prioritet än själva säkerheten.
13
Strange, Andrew Darren. "Robust thin layer coal thickness estimation using ground penetrating radar." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16356/.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most significant goals in coal mining technology research is the automation of underground coal mining machinery. A current challenge with automating underground coal mining machinery is measuring and maintaining a coal mining horizon. The coal mining horizon is the horizontal path the machinery follows through the undulating coal seam during the mining operation. A typical mining practice is to leave a thin remnant of coal unmined in order to maintain geological stability of the cutting face. If the remnant layer is too thick, resources are wasted as the unmined coal is permanently unrecoverable. If the remnant layer is too thin, the product is diluted by mining into the overburden and there is an increased risk of premature roof fall which increases danger. The main challenge therefore is to develop a robust sensing method to estimate the thickness of thin remant coal layers. This dissertation addresses this challenge by presenting a pattern recognition methodology to estimate thin remnant coal layer thickness using ground penetrating radar (GPR). The approach is based upon a novel feature vector, derived from the bispectrum, that is used to characterise the early-time segment of 1D GPR data. The early-time segment is dominated by clutter inherent in GPR systems such as antenna crosstalk, ringdown and ground-bounce. It is common practice to either time-gate the signal, disregard the clutter by rendering the early-time segment unusable, or configure the GPR equipment to minimise the clutter effects which in turn reduces probing range. Disregarding the early-time signal essentially imposes a lower thickness limit on traditional GPR layer thickness estimators. The challenges of estimating thin layer thickness is primarily due to these inherent clutter components. Traditional processing strategies attempt to minimise the clutter using pre-processing techniques such as the subtraction of a calibration signal. The proposed method, however, treats the clutter as a deterministic but unknown signal with additive noise. Hence the proposed approach utilises the energy from the clutter and monitors change in media from subtle changes in the signal shape. Two complementary processing methods important to horizon sensing have been also proposed. These methods, near-surface interface detection and antenna height estimation, may be used as pre-validation tools to increase the robustness of the thickness estimation technique. The proposed methods have been tested with synthetic data and validated with real data obtained using a low power 1.4 GHz GPR system and a testbed with known conditions. With the given test system, it is shown that the proposed thin layer thickness estimator and near-surface interface detector outperform the traditional matched filter based processing methods for layers less than 5 cm in thickness. It is also shown that the proposed antenna height estimator outperforms the traditional height estimator for heights less than 7 cm. These new methods provide a means for reliably extending layer thickness estimation to the thin layer case where traditional approaches are known to fail.
14
Lovén, Johanna. "Attention Modifies Gender Differences in Face Recognition." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6946.
Full textAbstract:
Gender differences favoring women have been found in face recognition, and in addition to this, it has been shown that women remember more female than male faces. This own-gender effect may be a result of women directing more attention towards female faces, resulting in a better memory. The aim of this study was to assess the role of attention for gender differences in face recognition and women’s own-gender bias by dividing attention at encoding of faces. Thirty-two participants completed two recognition conditions: one where faces at presentation were fully attended and one where a second task was performed simultaneously. Women remembered more female faces than men did when encoded under full attention. This difference disappeared when attention was divided. Less attentional resources might have hindered women from using their assumed expertise processing of faces.
15
Chiroro, Patrick. "Individual differences in recognition memory for faces." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1217/.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary research on human memory has tended to disregard individual differences (Eysenck, 1977, 1983; Sternberg & French, 1990). However, there seems to be no empirical justification for this practice, especially in experimental situations where the stimuli that are used are 'socially relevant'. Human faces constitute one such category. Although there is strong evidence which suggests that people differ substantially in their ability to recognise faces in laboratory experiments (Baddeley & Woodhead, 1983) and in everyday situations (Schweich, van der Linden, Bredart, Bruyer, Neils & Schills, 1991), the sources of these differences are not clearly understood at present. In this thesis, individual differences in recognition memory for faces were examined using standard laboratory experimental techniques. Part I of this thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One provides a general introduction to face recognition research. In Chapter Two, past research on individual differences in face recognition is described and evaluated. In Chapter Three. the theoretical implications of research on the effects of orientation, race of face and face distinctiveness are discussed. Experimental and statistical techniques that are used in the present thesis are summarised in Chapter Four. In Part II, three experiments which investigated the effect of individual differences in spatial ability on recognition of pictures, faces and words are reported. Among other things, these experiments showed that while individual differences in spatial ability did not significantly affect subjects' recognition of high-imagery words, high spatial ability subjects recognised faces and pictures more accurately and more quickly than did low spatial ability subjects. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed. Part III consists of an experiment in which differences in recognition of male and female faces by adolescent male and female subjects aged 11 years, 12 years and 13 years were investigated across two delay conditions. This experiment provided partial support for a developmental dip in recognition of faces among 12-year olds and also showed an own-sex bias in face recognition among female subjects. Theoretical accounts for these effects are proposed. In Part IV, a cross-cultural study in which black-African and white-British subjects who had different degrees of previous contact with faces of the opposite race were tested for their recognition of distinctive and typical own-race and other-race faces is reported. This experiment provided evidence which supported the differential-experience hypothesis of the own-race bias in face recognition among the African subjects and also suggested that the effect of face distinctiveness in recognition of faces might be a product of learning the defining characteristics of a given population of faces. In Part V, three experiments which explored differences between good and poor face recognisers are reported and discussed. These experiments raised some important methodological issues regarding the generalisability of the notion of 'face recognition ability' in situations where the faces to be recognised are shown in different views, in different facial expressions and in different orientations between study and test. These experiments also showed that subjects who were good in their recognition of faces following a change in view were significantly more accurate in their recognition of upsidedown faces than were subjects who had initially shown poor recognition of faces in different views. However. there were no significant differences between these two groups of subjects in their ability to recognise faces that were shown in different facial expressions between study and test. It is argued that these results suggest that recognition of faces following a change in facial expression may involve the creation and use of expression-independent representations of the face while recognition of faces following a change in view or orientation may both involve the creation and use of view-independent representations of faces. General conclusions and suggestions for future experimental work are outlined in Part
16
Zubko, Olga. "The source of individual differences in face recognition." Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590070.
Full textAbstract:
For most of us, recognising a face is effortless and instantaneous, yet there are striking differences between individuals' ability to do so. Although several models of face recognition have been proposed (see Ellis & Young, 1990; Bruce & Young, 1986), no systematic investigation of how individual differences might arise at each stage of face processing exists. To this end, the current thesis sought to identify the sources of individual variability in face processing. Seven stages of face processing consisting of the ability to: (i) disregard incidental properties, (ii) code 1 st order relations, (iii) code 2nd order relations as well as (iv) retain information in short-term memory, (v) retrieve semantic information (vi) filter out visual distracters and (vii) engage in a task were examined. Using an old/new paradigm, participants were first categorized into 'good' or 'poor' face recognizers. Then their performance under each of the experimental conditions, designed to probe the seven key stages of face recognition, was assessed. Individual differences emerged at four of the seven stages investigated: First, 'good' recognizers were more sensitive to targets than poor performers when 40 faces (high load) had to be remembered, suggesting that they were able to maintain more faces in memory. Next, good performers were more sensitive to target faces during both upright and inverted conditions suggesting that they shifted more flexibly between local and global processing strategies. Differences in face recognition were also predicted by the ability to filter out visual distracters. That is, good performers became less sensitive to target faces when the number of distracter faces increased from 1 to 5, whilst poor performers did not. This ability also distinguished between face recognition of congenital prosopagnosics and individuals without reported face processing difficulties. The fourth key finding from this thesis is that individual differences in face processing can be partly accounted by volitional factors associated with motivation and task engagement. In sum, this thesis identifies factors which can explain why 'some individuals never forget a face' whilst others do, and establishes conditions under which these differences are eliminated. The following chapters discuss these findings with reference to current theories of face recognition. Wider implications including the development of new strategies with which to enhance face recognition performance are also discussed.
17
Adami, André Gustavo. "Modeling prosodic differences for speaker and language recognition /." Full text open access at:, 2004. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,19.
Full text
18
Dalrymple-Alford, Joseph. "Does vocabulary knowledge influence speech recognition in adverse listening conditions?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9334.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To investigate the effects of vocabulary, working memory, age, semantic
context, and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) on speech recognition in adverse conditions
(multitalker babble) in normal-hearing listeners aged 18-35. First, a general
hypothesis was tested that listeners with larger receptive vocabularies would be
more accurate at recognising speech in noise than listeners with more limited
receptive vocabularies, even when target stimuli are words with high lexical
frequency. A second more specific hypothesis was that the vocabulary would be
predictive of speech recognition accuracy when the signal was moderately
degraded, but not mildly or severely degraded.
Method: 80 sentences with a high (HP) or low (LP) degree of semantic predictability
(40 HP and 40 LP) were recorded from a male speaker of NZ English. These
sentences were used as experimental target stimuli, and presented in multitalker
babble at four SNRs: -8, -4, 0 and 4 dB SNR. Thirty-five participants (11 males and
24 females, aged 18 to 35), with puretone hearing thresholds of 15 dB HL or better,
completed the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and the Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale (WAIS) vocabulary subtest, the WAIS working memory subtests,
and the experimental listening task in which they were required to repeat back the
target sentences.
Results: There was considerable variability between listeners in speech recognition
performance, in terms of percent words accurately recognised overall (M = 45.8%;
SD = 7.4) and for both HP (M = 54.4%; SD = 9.8) and LP (M = 35%; SD = 8.9)
conditions. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that receptive (PPVT)
and productive (WAIS) vocabulary knowledge, but not working memory, contributed 8
significant variance to listeners’ speech recognition scores overall and in both the HP
and LP conditions. Further regression analyses at individual SNR levels showed that
receptive vocabulary contributed significant variance to listening recognition scores
in all predictability and SNR conditions except the most favourable (HP stimuli at 4
dB SNR) and least favourable (LP stimuli at -8 dB SNR) listening conditions.
Working memory and age were not significantly related to overall listening score, HP
listening score, or LP listening score, but age did contribute significant variance in
the - 4dB SNR LP condition.
Conclusion: The results provide further evidence that greater vocabulary knowledge
is associated with improved speech recognition in adverse conditions. This effect
was salient in mid-range adverse listening conditions, but was not apparent in highly
favourable and extremely poor listening conditions. The results were interpreted to
suggest that in moderately adverse listening conditions listeners with larger lexicons
may be better able to exploit redundancies and/or intelligible ‘glimpses’ in the speech
signal.
19
Mejia, Maria Helena. "Human Action Recognition on Videos: Different Approaches." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265361.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of human action recognition on videos is to determine in an automatic way what is happening in a video. This work focuses on providing an answer to this question: given consecutive frames from a video where a person or persons are doing an action, is an automatic system able to recognize the action that is going on for each person? Seven approaches have been provided, most of them based on an alignment process in order to find a measure of distance or similarity for obtaining the classification. Some are based on fluents that are converted to qualitative sequences of Allen relations to make it possible to measure the distance between the pair of sequences by aligning them. The fluents are generated in various ways: representation based on feature extraction of human pose propositions in just an image or a small sequence of images, changes of time series mainly on the angle of slope, changes of the time series focus on the slope direction, and propositions based on symbolic sequences generated by SAX. Another approach based on alignment corresponds to Dynamic Time Warping on subsets of highly dependent parts of the body. An additional approach explored is based on SAX symbolic sequences and respective pair wise alignment. The last approach is based on discretization of the multivariate time series, but instead of alignment, a spectrum kernel and SVM are used as is employed to classify protein sequences in biology. Finally, a sliding window method is used to recognize the actions along the video. These approaches were tested on three datasets derived from RGB-D cameras (e.g., Microsoft Kinect) as well as ordinary video, and a selection of the approaches was compared to the results of other researchers.
20
Hall, Jessica. "Psychological mechanisms underlying sex differences in facial expression recognition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506818.
Full textAbstract:
A female advantage is observed in the accurate recognition of mental and emotional states from the face (Hall, 1978, 1984). The psychological mechanisms that may underlie this advantage have not been addressed systematically by researchers. The present thesis discusses the potential mechanisms underlying the female advantage by considering the Extreme Male Brain (EMB) hypothesis of autism (Baron-Cohen, 2002). Several possible directions for research are presented, including sex differences in i) automaticity of processing facial expressions; ii) attention to the eyes; iii) configural versus featural processing of faces; and iv) stimulation of emotion. The first three of these directions are addressed in experimental chapters. A priming task and emotional face-word Stroop task were used to investigate sex differences in the automaticity of processing facial expressions. Sex differences in attention to the eyes were investigated in two eye tracking studies, and in two studies manipulating the eye region of emotional faces. Finally, a study with spatial frequency filtered emotional faces examined sex differences in the use of fine and coarse detail facial information. Overall, the investigations provide some evidence for greater female attention to the eye region in faces, and the possibility that this may explain an observed female advantage in facial expression recognition. Results are discussed in relation to the EMB hypothesis and sex differences in social cognition more generally. Potential directions for further research are outlined.
21
Fisher, Serena Lynn. "Frequency Judgments and Recognition: Additional Evidence for Task Differences." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000517.
Full text
22
Abraham, Ashley N. Dr. "Individual differences in lexical context effects during word recognition." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1605262896060915.
Full text
23
Guo, Shangyuan, and Dailu Wang. "Analysis and Recognition of Flames from Different Fuels." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7301.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a method for recognition of flame types coming from different kinds of fuel through analysis of flame images. Accurate detection of fire alarm and achievement of early warning is positive development for cities fire safety. Image-based fire flame detection technology is a new effective way to achieve early warning through the early fire flame detection. Different fuel combustion in air it the basic of basis to recognize the type of flame. The application built up by using generic color model and the techniques of image analysis.
24
Newell, Fiona N. "Perceptual recognition of familiar objects in different orientations." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5789/.
Full textAbstract:
Recent approaches to object recognition have suggested that representations are view-dependent and not object-centred as was previously asserted by Marr (Marr and Nishihara, 1978). The exact nature of these view-centred representations however does not concord across the different theories. Palmer suggested that a single canonical view represents an object in memory (Palmer et al., 1981) whereas other studies have shown that each object may have more than one view-point representation (Tarr and Pinker 1989).A set of experiments were run to determine the nature of the visual representation of rigid, familiar objects in memory that were presented foveally and in peripheral vision. In the initial set of experiments recognition times were measured to a selection of common, elongated objects rotated in increments of 30˚ degrees in the 3 different axes and their combinations. Significant main effects of orientation were found in all experiments. This effect was attributed to the delay in recognising objects when foreshortened. Objects with strong gravitational uprights yielded the same orientation effects as objects without gravitational uprights. Recognition times to objects rotated around the picture plane were found to be independent of orientation. The results were not dependent on practice with the objects. There was no benefit found for shaded objects over silhouetted objects. The findings were highly consistent across the experiments. Four experiments were also carried out which tested the detectability of objects presented foveally among a set of similar objects. The subjects viewed an object picture (target) surrounded by eight search pictures arranged in a circular array. The task was to locate the picture-match of the target object (which was sometimes absent) as fast as possible. All of the objects had prominent elongated axes and were viewed perpendicular to this axis. When the object was present in the search array, it could appear in one of five orientations: in its original orientation, rotated in the picture plane by 30 or 60 , or rotated by 30 or 60 in depth. Highly consistent results were found across the four experiments. It was found that objects rotated in depth by 60 took longer to find and were less likely to be found in the first saccade than all other orientations. These findings were independent of the type of display (i.e. randomly rotated distractors or aligned distractors) and also of the task (matching to a picture or a name of an object). It was concluded that there was no evidence that an abstract 3-dimensional representation was used in searching for an object. The results from these experiments are compatible with the notion of multiple-view representations of objects in memory. There was no evidence found that objects were stored as single, object-centred representations. It was found that representations are initially based on the familiar views of the objects but with practice on other views, those views which hold the maximum information about the object are stored. Novel views of objects are transformed to match these stored views and different candidates for the transformation process are discussed.
25
Tunnard, Catherine. "An investigation into person recognition across different modalities." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10027535/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about the neuropsychology of person recognition disorders. Part 1 presents a systematic review of the literature investigating person recognition. More specifically, it reviews performance on recognition tests involving famous people compared with people who were personally known (i.e. friends and family). Part 2 describes a systematic investigation of person recognition difficulties experienced by one person, VO. Specifically, we investigated her ability to recognise people across different modalities (face, name and voice), using tests of celebrities and people whom she knows personally. Findings are discussed with reference to the theoretical and anatomical models of person recognition, and we also consider possible avenues for rehabilitative work. Part 3 presents reflections about the process of conducting the work. We discuss dilemmas and methodological choices that arose, strengths and limitations of the study, and possible directions for future research.
26
Lovén, Johanna. "Gender differences in face recognition: The role of interest and friendship." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1105.
Full textAbstract:
Women outperform men in face recognition and are especially good at recognizing other females’ faces. This may be caused by a larger female interest in faces. The aims of this study were to investigate if women were more interested in female faces and if depth of friendship was related to face recognition. Forty-one women and 16 men completed two face recognition tasks: one in which the faces shown earlier had been presented one at a time, and one where they had been shown two and two. The Network of Relationships Inventory was used to assess depth of friendships. As hypothesized, but not statistically significant, women tended to recognize more female faces when faces were presented two and two. No relationships were found between depth of friendships and face recognition. The results gave some support for the previously untested hypothesis that interest has importance in women’s recognition of female faces.
27
ENDO, Toshiki, Masakiyo FUJIMOTO, Chiyomi MIYAJIMA, Mitsunori MIZUMACHI, Akira SASOU, Takanobu NISHIURA, Norihide KITAOKA, et al. "AURORA-2J: An Evaluation Framework for Japanese Noisy Speech Recognition." Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15046.
Full text
28
Ong, Laura E. "Conservation of pathogen recognition mechanisms in different plant species." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215189.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: B, page: 1764. Adviser: Roger W. Innes. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 20, 2007)."
29
Li, Hang [Verfasser]. "Cultural differences in adult attachment and facial emotion recognition / Hang Li." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044023236/34.
Full text
30
Tehan, Jennifer R. "Age-related differences in deceit detection the role of emotion recognition /." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04102006-110201/.
Full text
31
Fitzgerald, Laura Elaine. "Cognitive Processes and Memory Differences in Recall and Recognition in Adults." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1600.
Full textAbstract:
Eyewitness testimony is critical in both criminal court and civil court, so determining the most reliable method to gain information from witnesses is imperative. Past research in this area has focused on false memory, assisted recall, stress, and event perception. A gap exists in the current literature regarding the best method to gain the most accuracy in recall. The purpose of this study was to evaluate free recall, cued recall, and recognition, in an attempt to examine the accuracy of eyewitness memory. The study utilized a quantitative design to assess the accuracy of eyewitness memory as measured by results on free-recall, cued recall, and recognition tests. The theoretical foundation for this study was the theory of information processing, which contends that information is processed in stages and combines visual cognition, memory, and memory recall; therefore, this theory applies to the study by helping determine the most accurate way for individuals to recall events. Introduction to Psychology students were shown a video, then asked to recall what they saw using either free recall, cued recall, or recognition. A one-way between-subjects analysis of variance was utilized to determine whether there were significant differences in the number of items recalled as a function of recall format. Results suggested that participants were more accurate with the utilization of recognition techniques for recall, as opposed to the free or cued-recall. The importance of evaluating effective methods to promote accurate eyewitness testimony is to advance forensic science. The implications for social change include the ability to have more effective methods to gain accurate eye-witness testimony, thereby assisting with proper outcomes during trials.
32
Garcia, Darren Jason. "Children's Recognition of Pride: An Experimental Approach." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4275.
Full textAbstract:
Pride is elicited when a child takes credit for an achievement or exceeds a socially valued standard or expectation. Evidence suggests that pride has a distinct nonverbal expression that is recognized by adults across cultures (Tracy & Robins, 2004). Research examining when children recognize pride has yielded age discrepancies between studies that use forced-choice response formats and those that use spontaneous-response formats. Differences in children's ability to use and comprehend language may account for some of these differences. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the age at which children reliably recognize pride, while minimizing the need for children to rely on their linguistic or verbal abilities. The present experiment used an experimental approach to examine when children reliably recognize pride. One hundred forty-four children between the ages of 2.5- and 6.5-years participated in one of three experimental conditions: Exceed Standard, Fail Standard or No Standard. Frequency of pride recognition in the Exceed Standard condition was compared to frequencies of pride recognition in the Fail Standard and No Standard conditions. Results revealed a developmental progression of pride recognition in which children first begin showing nonverbal pride behaviors at about 2.5- to 3.5-years, acquire the ability to apply a label to the nonverbal pride expression between 3.5- and 4.5-years of age, and come to recognize their own emotional experience as pride in an achievement situation between 4.5- and 5.5-years of age.
33
Dumais, Kelly M. "Involvement of the oxytocin system in sex-specific regulation of social behavior and sex-specific brain activation." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106876.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Alexa H. VeenemaThe poorly understood, but robust sex differences in prevalence, symptom severity, and treatment responses of many psychiatric disorders characterized by social dysfunction signifies the importance of understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex differences in the regulation of social behaviors. One potential system involved is the oxytocin (OT) system. OT is an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide that has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of social behaviors in rodents and humans. This thesis aims to clarify the role of OT in sex-specific regulation of social behavior and brain function in rats. Study 1 characterized sex differences in the OT system in the brain, and found that males show higher OT receptor (OTR) binding densities in several forebrain regions compared to females. Studies 2 and 3 then determined the relevance of these sex differences in OTR binding densities for the sex-specific regulation of social behavior using pharmacological manipulations of the OTR and in vivo measurement of OT release. Study 2 focused on the function of the OT system in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTp), because this region showed the largest sex difference in OTR binding density, and is part of the core social behavior network. Results show that endogenous OT in the BNSTp is important for social recognition in both sexes, but that exogenous OT facilitated social recognition in males only. Furthermore, social recognition in males, but not in females, was associated with higher endogenous OT release in BNSTp. This study is the first to provide a link between sex differences in OTR binding density and OT release with sex-specific regulation of social recognition by OT. Study 3 focused on amygdala subregions because these regions were found to show sex-specific correlations of OTR binding density with social interest. Results show that the OT system modulates social interest in the central amygdala (CeA), but not the medial amygdala, in sex-specific ways, with activation of the OTR in the CeA facilitating social interest in males, but not in females. These results provide evidence that the CeA is a brain region involved in the sex-specific processing of social stimuli by the OT system. Finally, Study 4 examined whether sex differences in OTR binding densities in forebrain regions lead to sex-specific brain activation in response to OT. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in awake male and female rats following central or peripheral administration of OT. Central OT administration induced sex differences in BOLD activation in numerous brain regions (including several regions with denser OTR binding in males), in which males showed predominantly higher activation compared to females. Peripheral OT administration also induced sex differences in BOLD activation, but in fewer brain regions and in different brain regions compared to central OT, indicating that the pattern and the magnitude of sex differences in neural activation induced by OT strongly depend on the route of administration. Together, outcomes of this thesis provide novel insight into the sexual dimorphic structure and function of the OT system in rats, and highlights the fact that research seeking a full understanding of the role of the OT system in behavioral and brain responses is incomplete without the inclusion of both sexes. These results may be informative given the increasing popularity of the use of OT as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of social dysfunction in sex-biased psychiatric disorders
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
34
Diaz, Anjolii. "Temperament Differences in Fear Reactivity in Infancy: Frontal EEG Asymmetry and Recognition Memory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77024.
Full textAbstract:
Findings that relate cognition and negative affect are not very consistent. However, according to Lazarus (1982) cognitive processes are key to the development and expression of emotions. This study examined the relations between temperament fear reactivity and visual recognition memory at ten months of age. Both behavioral and physiological measurements of fear reactivity and recognition memory were examined in order to further the understanding of temperamental fear in infancy, the relationship temperamental fear reactivity holds with visual recognition memory, and the development of prefrontal and medial temporal areas in the brain. Though both social and non-social fear tasks were examined, only infants who were fearful during stranger approach demonstrated greater novelty preference during the visual paired comparison task. Reactively fearful infants also demonstrated greater left frontal activation during familiarization and recognition memory indicative of better feature discrimination.Master of Science
35
Rehnman, Jenny. "The role of gender in face recognition." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6636.
Full text
36
Tsuchiya, Shinsuke. "Elicited Imitation and Automated Speech Recognition: Evaluating Differences among Learners of Japanese." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2782.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the usefulness of elicited imitation (EI) and automated speech recognition (ASR) as a tool for second language acquisition (SLA) research by evaluating differences among learners of Japanese. The findings indicate that the EI and ASR grading system used in this study was able to differentiate between beginning- and advanced-level learners as well as instructed and self-instructed learners. No significant difference was found between self-instructed learners with and without post-mission instruction. The procedure, reliability and validity of the ASR-based computerized EI are discussed. Results and discussion will provide insights regarding different types of second language (L2) development, the effects of instruction, implications for teaching, as well as limitations of the EI and ASR grading system.
37
Kwok, Ching-man Emily. "The discrepancy in the studies on the change of regularity effect in Chinese characters reading across grades methodological differences? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2003. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38888737.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (B.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-31) Also available in print.
38
Aladesulu, Olorunfemi Stephen. "Improvement of automatic indexing through recognition of semantically equivalent syntactically different phrases /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487261553057672.
Full text
39
充彦, 木本, and Mitsuhiko Kimoto. "Robot conversation strategy for indicated object recognition : coordinating alignment mechanism and gender differences." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13106318/?lang=0, 2019. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13106318/?lang=0.
Full text
40
Brown, Stephanie Danielle. "Speech-in-Speech Recognition: Understanding the Effect of Different Talker Maskers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1556649651028033.
Full text
41
Mauney, Lisa M. "Individual Differences in Cognitive, Musical, and Perceptual Abilities." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13972.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing use of auditory graphs and sonifications in technology is leading to a wider variety of system users, which, in turn, suggests a need for research in how differences between individual listeners affect sound interpretation. As a first step in this arena, the current study investigates the question of whether or not cognitive abilities and musical experience predict frequency and tempo discrimination in individuals. Participants in the study were 30 undergraduate students from Georgia Institute of Technology and 20 adults from the Atlanta, Georgia community. In the cognitive ability session, participants completed the Operation Span (Ospan) task as a measure of working memory capacity and the Ravens Progressive Matrices task as a measure of spatial reasoning. In the auditory discrimination session, participants performed a tempo and a frequency discrimination task. Demographics on age, gender, handedness, years of playing a musical instrument, and years of formal musical training were also collected.
A correlational analysis of all variables was performed. Paired-samples t-tests on the Weber fractions of the six threshold means were also performed to determine if there were any significant differences between the frequency thresholds and the tempo thresholds. Lastly, multiple hierarchical regressions were performed on each of the six dependent variables to identify significant predictors of frequency and tempo discrimination. The paired samples t-tests show a significant difference between 250 Hz and 840 Hz and between 250 Hz and 1600 Hz, a violation of Webers Law. However, this violation of Webers Law may be explained by the small sample size used in the study. The t-tests also show a significant difference between the means of 150 ms and 250 ms and between the means of 250 ms and 350 ms. The results of the regression analyses show that good performance on Ravens seems to predict lower thresholds at 1600 Hz. The results also show that good scores on Ospan appear to predict lower thresholds at 350 ms ICI. In addition to these significant predictors from the regression analyses, there are many significant correlations that provide further support that cognitive abilities are related to frequency and tempo discrimination.
42
Kerr, Sarah Elizabeth. "Do individual differences interact with lexical cues during speech recognition in adverse listening conditions?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10473.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This thesis examines the effect of listener characteristics (i.e., cognition and vocabulary) and language-based factors (i.e., lexical frequency and phonological similarity) on speech recognition accuracy in adverse listening conditions.
Method: Fifty listeners (40 females and 10 males) aged 18-33 years and with normal hearing (puretone thresholds ≤ 20 dB HL, 0.25-8 kHz) participated. They completed a speech perception experiment, which required listeners to repeat back non-sensical English phrases presented at a variety of signal-to-noise ratios (-5, -2, +1, and +4 dB SNRs). In addition, all listeners undertook assessments of vocabulary knowledge (PPVT-IV) and cognition (WAIS -IV). The primary dependent variable was individual content word recognition accuracy, and results were analysed using binomial mixed effects modelling.
Results: Listeners demonstrated variability in their speech recognition abilities, and their vocabulary and cognitive scores. Statistical analysis revealed that listener-based factors affected word recognition. Listeners with faster processing speed and larger working memories exhibited higher word recognition accuracy. Surprisingly, listeners with higher non-verbal intelligence scores exhibited lower word recognition accuracy. Vocabulary knowledge interacted with SNR, such that as the listening conditions became more favourable, listeners with larger receptive vocabularies identified more words correctly. Similarly, main effects were also present for language-based factors. The more phonologically distinct a word was, the more likely it was to be correctly identified; higher frequency words were more likely to be accurately recognised. In addition, higher frequency words were identified more accurately at higher SNR levels. Finally, listener- and language-based factors interacted. The positive effect of working memory on word recognition was reversed as word frequency increased; on the other
hand non-verbal intelligence’s negative influence on word recognition was reversed as word frequency increased.
Conclusion: In the current cohort, listener and language-based factors interacted in the process of word recognition in noise. These results provide an insight into the underlying speech recognition mechanisms in adverse conditions. Further understanding of how these listener differences affect an individual’s speech processing may lead to the development of improved signal processing techniques and rehabilitation strategies.
43
Deibel, Megan E. "Individual Differences in Incidental Learning of Homophones During Silent Reading." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1594912994777369.
Full text
44
Shenal, Brian Vincent. "The Dynamic Cerebral Laterality Effect: Group Differences in Hostility, Cardiovascular Regulation, and Sensory Recognition." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36661.
Full textAbstract:
This experiment tested two hypotheses linking the right cerebral regulation of hostility and cardiovascular arousal. First, replication of previous research supporting heightened cardiovascular (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate) reactivity among high hostile participants was attempted. Second, dynamic variations in functional cerebral asymmetry in response to pain (cold pressor) and emotional linguistic processing was measured. Low- and high-hostile participants were identified using the Cook Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS). All participants completed either the negative affective verbal learning test (Experiment 1) or the cold pressor paradigm (Experiment 2). Cardiovascular measures (SBP, DBP, and HR) were recorded and either dichotic listening procedures (Experiment 1) or tachistoscopic lexical recognition procedures (Experiment 2) were administered before and after the stressor. The primary finding of this research was greater left cerebral activation (decreased cardiovascular reactivity) following the dichotic phoneme listening and the tachistoscopic lexical recognition tasks and greater right cerebral activation following pain (cold pressor) and emotionally linguistic (affective verbal learning) stressors.Master of Science
45
Bivall, Petter. "Touching the Essence of Life : Haptic Virtual Proteins for Learning." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58994.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents research in the development and use of a multi-modal visual and haptic virtual model in higher education. The model, named Chemical Force Feedback (CFF), represents molecular recognition through the example of protein-ligand docking, and enables students to simultaneously see and feel representations of the protein and ligand molecules and their force interactions. The research efforts have been divided between educational research aspects and development of haptic feedback techniques. The CFF model was evaluated in situ through multiple data-collections in a university course on molecular interactions. To isolate possible influences of haptics on learning, half of the students ran CFF with haptics, and the others used the equipment with force feedback disabled. Pre- and post-tests showed a significant learning gain for all students. A particular influence of haptics was found on students reasoning, discovered through an open-ended written probe where students' responses contained elaborate descriptions of the molecular recognition process. Students' interactions with the system were analyzed using customized information visualization tools. Analysis revealed differences between the groups, for example, in their use of visual representations on offer, and in how they moved the ligand molecule. Differences in representational and interactive behaviours showed relationships with aspects of the learning outcomes. The CFF model was improved in an iterative evaluation and development process. A focus was placed on force model design, where one significant challenge was in conveying information from data with large force differences, ranging from very weak interactions to extreme forces generated when atoms collide. Therefore, a History Dependent Transfer Function (HDTF) was designed which adapts the translation of forces derived from the data to output forces according to the properties of the recently derived forces. Evaluation revealed that the HDTF improves the ability to haptically detect features in volumetric data with large force ranges. To further enable force models with high fidelity, an investigation was conducted to determine the perceptual Just Noticeable Difference (JND) in force for detection of interfaces between features in volumetric data. Results showed that JNDs vary depending on the magnitude of the forces in the volume and depending on where in the workspace the data is presented.
46
Grendler, Filip, and Nicolas Wallenskog. "Animated Online Advertisement : Investigating the Impact of Different Shading Styles on Recognition." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19931.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Since e-commerce has grown rapidly the focus and attention towards online advertisement are critical. Twitch.tv, one of the big streaming websites had in April 2020 an average of 2.48 million concurrent viewers. Bigger brands have taken notice and started to invest in advertisements during e-sports and other online streams. This thesis has conducted an experiment that analyses the recognition of animated advertisements with different shading styles during gameplay streaming. Objectives. This thesis compared animated advertisements shaded in two different ways. The advertisements were shown during a clip from a game. One of the shadings was a toon-shading which was the same art style as the game. This was compared with Unreal Engine 4’s standard shading (Default Lit with Surface as Material Domain). The aim was to find out which of the shading styles were more likely to be recognized. Methods. An experiment was conducted where participants watched a clip of gameplay from Borderlands 2. At certain moments during the clip different advertisements would appear for a short time, one at a time. The advertisements had different shadings, toon-shading, or standard-shading. The goal was to find out which type of shading participants would recognize more than the other. The participants answered a survey after watching the clip where they chose from different images. The images were either images of the animated advertisement or mock images to test what the participant recognized. Results. The data gathered from the survey showed that the standard shading in Unreal Engine 4 had a recognition rate of 75.0% whilst toon-shaded characters had 82.7%. This means that there was a difference of 7.7% in the rate of recognition between the shading styles. There were a total of 26 participants between the ages of 19 to 30. Conclusions. The expected outcome was that the users would not recognize the cartoon styled advertisements since it would blend into the gameplay of Borderlands 2. The standard shaded advertisements would not blend in with the gameplay and should have a higher recognition rate. The result, however, proved that the expected outcome of the experiment was incorrect. There were a few other noteworthy findings that can be further researched.
47
Wingenbach, Tanja. "Facial emotion expression, recognition and production of varying intensity in the typical population and on the autism spectrum." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.704810.
Full textAbstract:
The current research project aimed to investigate facial emotion processing from especially developed and validated video stimuli of facial emotional expressions including varying levels of intensity. Therefore, videos were developed showing real people expressing emotions in real time (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happiness, contempt, embarrassment, contempt, and neutral) at different expression intensity levels (low, intermediate, high) called the Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set – Bath Intensity Variations (ADFES-BIV). The ADFES-BIV was validated on all its emotion and intensity categories. Sex differences in facial emotion recognition were investigated and a female advantage in facial emotion recognition was found compared to males. This demonstrates that the ADFES-BIV is suitable for investigating group comparisons in facial emotion recognition in the general population. Facial emotion recognition from the ADFES-BIV was further investigated in a sample of individuals that is characterised by deficits in social functioning; individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A deficit in facial emotion recognition was found in ASD compared to controls and error analysis revealed emotion-specific deficits in detecting emotional content from faces (sensitivity) next to deficits in differentiating between emotions from faces (specificity). The ADFES-BIV was combined with face electromyogram (EMG) to investigate facial mimicry and the effects of proprioceptive feedback (from explicit imitation and blocked facial mimicry) on facial emotion recognition. Based on the reverse simulation model it was predicted that facial mimicry would be an active component of the facial emotion recognition process. Experimental manipulations of face movements did not reveal an advantage of facial mimicry compared to the blocked facial mimicry condition. Whereas no support was found for the reverse simulation model, enhanced proprioceptive feedback can facilitate or hinder recognition of facial emotions in line with embodied cognition accounts.
48
Cushman, Kristen L. "Age Differences in Reward Anticipation and Memory." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1220.
Full textAbstract:
Aging research on item- and associative-recognition memory has demonstrated that older adults are deficient in forming associations between two unrelated stimuli. Although older adult performance on tests of item-recognition is similar to younger adult performance, older adults perform worse than younger adults on tests of associative memory (Naveh-Benjamin, Hussain, Guez, & Bar-On, 2003). In addition to the idea that younger adult performance on associative-recognition tests is superior to that of older adults, research has shown that reward cues can enhance motivated learning and item memory performance of younger adults. In an fMRI study that examined the influence of reward anticipation on episodic memory formation, Adcock and colleagues (2006) examined memory performance in response to reward cues that preceded single stimuli and found that young adult participants remembered more stimuli associated with high value reward cues than those associated with low value reward cues. The aim of the current study was to examine whether reward cues that precede a stimulus pair might enhance an association between two stimuli and influence younger and older adult performance on tests of item- and associative-recognition. Our study confirms the idea that while older adult memory for individual items is intact, older adult memory for associations is impaired (Naveh-Benjamin et al., 2003). The results supported the idea that younger and older adult item-recognition is better for high versus low reward cues, but the reward cues had no influence on the associative-recognition of either age group. Therefore, the age-related associative deficit was not improved by reward cues that preceded each stimulus pair.
49
Irvine, Karen. "Sex differences in cognition in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/13879.
Full textAbstract:
Inspection of the published research shows that sex differences in cognition in the general population have been widely cited with the direction of the advantage depending on the domain being examined. The most prevalent claims are that men are better than women at visuospatial and mathematical tasks whereas women have superior verbal skills and perform better than men on tasks assessing episodic memory. There is also some evidence that women are more accurate than men at identifying facial expressions of emotion. A more in-depth examination of the literature, however, reveals that evidence of such differences is not as conclusive as would at first appear. Not only is the direction and magnitude of sex differences dependent on the cognitive domain but also on the individual tasks. Some visuospatial tasks show no difference (e.g. figure copying) whist men have been shown to be better than women at confrontation naming (a verbal task). Alzheimer’s disease is a heterogeneous illness that affects the elderly. It manifests with deficits in cognitive abilities and behavioural difficulties. It has been suggested that some of the behavioural issues may arise from difficulties with recognising facial emotion expressions. There have been claims that AD affects men and women differently: women have been reported as being more likely to develop AD and showing a greater dementia severity than men with equivalent neuropathology. Despite this, research into sex differences in cognition in AD is scarce, and conflicting. This research was concerned with the effect of sex on the cognitive abilities of AD patients. The relative performance of men and women with AD was compared to that of elderly controls. The study focused on the verbal, visuospatial and facial emotion recognition domains. Data was collected and analysed from 70 AD patients (33 male, 37 female), 62 elderly controls (31 male, 31 female) and 80 young adults (40 male, 40 female). Results showed those with AD demonstrate cognitive deficits compared to elderly controls in verbal and visuospatial tasks but not in the recognition of facial emotions. There were no significant sex differences in either the young adults or the healthy elderly controls but sex differences favouring men emerged in the AD group for figure copying and recall and for confrontation naming. Given that elderly men and women perform equivalently for these tasks, this represents a deterioration in women’s cognitive abilities, relative to men’s. Further evidence of such an adverse effect of AD was apparent in other tasks, too: for most verbal and visuospatial tasks, either an effect favouring women in the elderly is reversed or a male advantage increases in magnitude. There is no evidence of sex differences in facial emotion recognition for any group. This suggests that the lack of published findings reporting on sex differences in this domain is due to the difficulty in getting null findings accepted for publication. The scarcity of research examining sex differences in other domains is also likely to be due to this bias.
50
Koppman, Sharon. "Different Like Me: Social Exclusion and the Recognition of Creativity in Advertising Organizations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556023.
Full textAbstract:
Historically considered a "gift" from an other-worldly source, today creativity is championed by politicians and business leaders for its economic value. Yet we know relatively little about how people and ideas come to be viewed as creative in real-world business organizations. In this dissertation, I examine the social process of recognizing creativity through an investigation of a quintessential creative industry--advertising. Using a mixed methodological approach, I draw on original data collected through a survey of a probability sample of U.S. advertising agencies, semi-structured interviews with survey respondents, and several months of participant observation in an agency. I find that social exclusion shapes the recognition of creativity in these ostensibly open and tolerant sectors of the labor market. Socioeconomic status and gender affect occupational entry and advancement through evaluations that rely on familiarity with high-status culture and identity characteristics that match artistic stereotypes to signal creativity. Additionally, the assessment of creative work itself is used as a form of boundary work to exclude those outside the profession from making contributions considered creative. Taken together, this dissertation suggests that although creativity has been widely heralded as a force for expanding opportunity and social progress, inequality plays an enduring role in the formation and maintenance of this workforce.