Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Recognition memory'
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Bellamy, Katarina Jane. "Cognitive neuroscience of false memory : the role of gist memory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4471.
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This thesis explores the role of gist memory and gist representation in the formation of false recognition, specifically in the Deese, Roediger and McDermott Paradigm. We found that normal individuals displayed a range of susceptibility to false recognition and true recognition and this was related to their scores on both the Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Toronto-Alexithymia Scale. More ‘male-brained’ participants exhibited less susceptibility to false recognition but also less veridical recognition. The reverse was true for more ‘female-brained’ participants. The idea of false recognition and gist memory lying along a continuum was further emphasised by work on individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. We found they were less susceptible to false recognition but also produced less veridical recognition. We also found differences in performance between two groups of autism individuals who also differed in age. The results of further manipulations using both picture and word paradigms suggested that gist memory could be improved in younger individuals with autism. We also examined a patient group with Functional Memory Disorder using the DRM paradigm and a confabulation task and found them less able to produce true recognition in the DRM compared with a control group. Their memory impairments could not be attributed to depression since none were clinically depressed, so we suggested that they represent the tale end of impairment to gist memory. We also explored gist memory in a patient with dense anterograde amnesia who showed reduced true recognition and a tendency to reduced false recognition, but through manipulation of the stimuli using word and pictorial material she could perform like controls due to improved item-specific discrimination. A new face recognition paradigm was also tested in which she showed a tendency towards increased false recognition in comparison with controls. Finally, we suggest the use of the DRM paradigm as a test for memory malingering since we found participants could not replicate the performance of amnesia patients without a cost in their response latencies. This is discussed through the case study of GC a man suspected of exaggerating his memory symptoms.
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Nyhus, Erika Marie. "Perceptual processing in recognition memory." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1439459.
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Whitt, Emma. "Associative processes in recognition memory." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12289/.
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Recognition memory, or the discrimination between novelty and familiarity, is well predicted by an associative model of memory (Wagner’s SOP). In this thesis I examined predictions from this model concerning priming of stimuli, and stimulus spacing, in rats’ object recognition. Priming of an object resulted in a bias in behaviour towards the non-primed object. This may be due to associative processes, as described by the SOP model. Spacing stimuli in a sample stage of an object recognition task resulted in longer-lasting or better discrimination in a test of familiar versus novel object, as predicted by the model. Incorporating a short or long delay between sample and test led to better discrimination after a short delay, though differences in stimulus spacing conditions at each delay were not significant. I also examined recognition using stimulus generalisation. Generalisation of a conditioned response occurred between stimuli that shared elements of familiarity. Although not significant, familiarity generalisation may have been less apparent in animals with lesions to perirhinal cortex, providing some support for the suggestion that perirhinal cortex has a role in novelty/familiarity discrimination. The main conclusion was that recognition memory, as measured by the object recognition and generalisation tasks, might involve associative processes.
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Cross, Laura Rachael. "Thalamocortical interactions in recognition memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573133.
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The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) is implicated in recognition memory however its exact role is unclear. The aims of this study were to provide a detailed analysis of the role of MD in recognition memory in the rat using variants of the spontaneous object recognition task to assess item (object or odour) recognition, recency recognition or associative recognition memory separately. In the first series of experiments, bilateral lesions in MD or mPFC impaired both recency and associative recognition, but spared item recognition and object location performance. The second series of experiments used disconnection techniques to investigate whether an interaction between the MD and mPFC is necessary during these recognition memory processes. Unilateral lesions in MD and mPFC in contralateral hemispheres produced deficits in recency and object-in-place associative recognition but spared item recognition, and object-in-context memory. The final series of experiments investigated the neurochemical basis of object-in-place associative recognition memory. Intra-MD Infusions of either NBQX, a glutamatergic antagonist, or muscimol, a GABAergic agonist produced selective deficits in retrieval, but not in acquisition of object-in-place associative memory. In contract, intra-mPFC infusions of NBQX impaired both acquisition and retrieval, while muscimol had no effect. Interestingly, crossed infusions into both the MD and mPFC disrupted retrieval but not acquisition. These findings indicate that MD plays a selective role in recognition memory when associative or recency, but not single item, discriminations are made. Secondly these data show that to make these discriminations, MD must functionally interact with the mPFC. Finally, it was shown that during object-in- place associative recognition memory, MD and the interaction between MD and mPFC appears critical during the retrieval phase only. Thus together these results show for the first time that MD plays a selective role in the recognition memory via a thalamocortical interaction with mPFC, and that for associative recognition memory this interaction is required for the retrieval phase only.
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Koder, Timothy John. "Cholinergic modulation of recognition memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398605.
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Heaver, Becky. "Psychophysiological indices of recognition memory." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39455/.
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It has recently been found that during recognition memory tests participants' pupils dilate more when they view old items compared to novel items. This thesis sought to replicate this novel ‘‘Pupil Old/New Effect'' (PONE) and to determine its relationship to implicit and explicit mnemonic processes, the veracity of participants' responses, and the analogous Event-Related Potential (ERP) old/new effect. Across 9 experiments, pupil-size was measured with a video-based eye-tracker during a variety of recognition tasks, and, in the case of Experiment 8, with concurrent Electroencephalography (EEG). The main findings of this thesis are that: - the PONE occurs in a standard explicit test of recognition memory but not in “implicit” tests of either perceptual fluency or artificial grammar learning; - the PONE is present even when participants are asked to give false behavioural answers in a malingering task, or are asked not to respond at all; - the PONE is present when attention is divided both at learning and during recognition; - the PONE is accompanied by a posterior ERP old/new effect; - the PONE does not occur when participants are asked to read previously encountered words without making a recognition decision; - the PONE does not occur if participants preload an “old/new” response; - the PONE is not enhanced by repetition during learning. These findings are discussed in the context of current models of recognition memory and other psychophysiological indices of mnemonic processes. It is argued that together these findings suggest that the increase in pupil-size which occurs when participants encounter previously studied items is not under conscious control and may reflect primarily recollective processes associated with recognition memory.
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Bird, S. A. "Bimodal input, word recognition, and memory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596651.
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This dissertation explored some possible effects of same-language subtitled film/video as a foreign language learning tool. Some studies have shown that same-language subtitling can be beneficial to language learners in terms of overall plot comprehension and word meaning. However, critics argue that simultaneous bimodal sound and text inputs can adversely affect spoken word form learning. Six experiments were designed to measure some effects of single modality sound-only and bimodal text and sound inputs on spoken word recognition and memory. Subjects performed training tasks that included familiar target words and unfamiliar letter strings in single modality and bimodal conditions. Subjects were then given implicit (repetition priming) and explicit (recognition memory) memory tests for spoken words. The main results were the following: (1) On the implicit tests, the repetition priming effects for reaction times to known words were equivalent in sound-only and bimodal sound and text conditions (Exps. 1, 2a, 2b); (2) Cross-modal visual-auditory nonword reaction time priming was found in Experiment 3 (masked priming), and Experiment 5 (a rhyme monitoring task) revealed nonword reaction time priming only for the text-only and bimodal conditions; (3) On two experiments' implicit tests, the bimodal condition showed fewer errors for known words (Exp. 4) and nonwords (Exps. 4, 5) relative to sound-only and new items; (4) On explicit tests, scores were highest in the bimodal condition for known words (Exps, 1, 2a, 2b, 4), unknown words (Exps. 2a, 2b) and nonwords (Exps. 4, 5). Overall, the results suggest that simultaneous bimodal input can improve some implicit and explicit aspects of spoken word form learning without any apparent costs. The results are discussed in terms of implications for same-language subtitling and models of word recognition and memory.
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Beierl, Philip G. "Finite memory model for haptic recognition." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28217.
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Damjanovic, Ljubica. "Memory processes in familiar voice recognition." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413126.
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Fahy, Frances Lynne. "Neural mechanisms underlying visual recognition memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386899.
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Glanc, Gina Ann. "Retrieval Induced Forgetting in Recognition Memory." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1207178975.
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James, Alex Pappachen. "A Memory Based Face Recognition Method." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366375.
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The human brain exhibits robustness against natural variability occurring in
face images, yet the commonly attempted algorithms for face recognition are not
modular and do not apply the principle of binary decisions made by the firing of
neurons. This thesis presents a memory based face recognition method based on
the concepts of local binary decisions and spatial change features. Local binary
decisions are inspired from the binary conversions done by firing of neurons
while spatial change features are inspired from the retinal processing of the
human visual system. Applying these principles and by using the principle of
modularity in a hierarchical manner, a class of memory based face recognition
algorithms is formed.
These algorithms when applied to difficult testing conditions show high recognition
performance. This high recognition performance is enabled by (1) local
binary decisions and (2) spatial change detection. The baseline algorithm formed
by using these two concepts is called local binary decisions on similarity (LBDS)
algorithm. An analysis is performed using the LBDS algorithm to optimize the
parameters, and to study the relative effect of spatial change features, local binary
decisions, normalization of features, normalization of similarity measure, use
of color, localization error compensation and resolution on recognition performance.
From the insights gained through the analysis, the LBDS algorithm is
further improved by incorporating various preprocessing spatial filter operations to extract more spatial information. The inclusion of preprocessing step helps
to achieve even higher recognition performance and robustness to difficult tasks.
This improved algorithm is called enhanced local binary decisions on similarity
(ELBDS) algorithm. The ELBDS algorithm is further used to incorporate the
multiple training images per person in the gallery, and is called an exemplar
based face recognition method.
The following is the overall recognition performance when using single gallery
image per person: 97% on AR, 100% on YALE, 97% on EYALE , 97% on
CALTECH, 98% on FERET(FaFb), 94% on FERET(FaFc), 74% on FERET
(FaDup1) and 76% on FERET(FaDup2). When using multiple training samples
per person, following recognition accuracies are achieved, 99.0% on AR, 99.5%
on FERET, 99.5% on ORL, 99.3% on EYALE, 100.0% on YALE and 100.0% on
CALTECH face databases.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Grilli, Matthew Dennis. "Self-Imagining, Recognition Memory, and Prospective Memory in Memory-Impaired Individuals with Neurological Damage." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193396.
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The present study investigated the reliability and robustness of a new mnemonic strategy - self-imagination - in a group of memory-impaired individuals with neurological damage. Despite severe memory deficits, almost all of the participants demonstrated a self-imagination effect (SIE) for recognition memory in study 1. Moreover, the ability to benefit from self-imagination was not affected by the severity of the memory deficit. In study 3, more than half of the participants showed a SIE on a task of event-based prospective memory. The data from study 2 suggest the SIE is not attributable to semantic processing or emotional processing and indicate that self-imagination is distinct from other mnemonic strategies. Overall the findings from the present study implicate self-imagination as a new and effective mnemonic strategy. The data also indicate that when it comes to memory there is something special about processing information in relation to the self.
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Jamieson, Randall K. "Song memory, are text and tune asymmetrically related in recognition memory?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63314.pdf.
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Mcgahan, Jennifer Anne. "Exploring memory and memory rehabilitation in paediatric brain tumour survivors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-memory-and-memory-rehabilitation-in-paediatric-brain-tumour-survivors(194abbcb-6a1a-47aa-bbe7-8cca023f659f).html.
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This collection of studies begins by exploring the development of recognition memory in a group of healthy children and adolescents using experimental memory tests developed as part of this thesis. Various versions of these recognition memory tests were trialled in order to establish age appropriate tests for children aged 6-14 years. In keeping with previous literature in this area, these tests showed relatively stable familiarity memory throughout childhood compared to a steep developmental course for recollection memory. Paediatric brain tumour survivors are known to suffer from significant memory deficits following treatment. However, a clear description of this clinical group’s deficits, in terms of recognition and recall (and therefore also familiarity and recollection), has not previously been established. Using standard clinical memory assessments, the current body of work contributes to this area by characterising this population’s memory deficits as primarily recall-based, particularly when recalling information presented as prose. A sex difference is also noted; with female brain tumour survivors being significantly more impaired than their age-matched male counterparts. This finding is discussed with respect to the differing neural development of males and females. The experimental memory tests developed with normal children were also administered to a group of paediatric brain tumour patients. They were found to have a varied pattern of performance, including auditory recognition impairments but intact visual recognition, even when the test format incorporated similar foils. Associative memory tests revealed impairments in recollection-based recognition; this effect was dependant on the type of information being associated and the length of the encoding-test delay. A learning intervention was developed (and trialled with healthy children), using a method known as the ‘testing effect’, in an attempt to enhance recall of prose at long delays in a group of paediatric brain tumour survivors. Structured repeated retrieval was compared to repeated study for prose passages. This was found, with some patients, to be a successful method of improving recall after a delay of one week. Taken together, the work described in this thesis provides further understanding of recognition memory development in healthy children, novel insights into the residual memory function of paediatric brain tumour survivors and an exciting foundation on which to build a rehabilitation programme for this vulnerable group.
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Graham, Brittany Shauna. "Mechanisms supporting recognition memory during music listening." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42848.
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We investigated the concurrent effects of arousal and encoding specificity as related to background music on associative memory accuracy. Extant literature suggested these factors affect memory, but their combined effect in musical stimuli was not clear and may affect memory differentially for young and older adults. Specifically, we sought to determine if music can be used as a mnemonic device to overcome the associative memory deficits typically experienced by healthy older adults. We used a paired-associates memory task in which young and older adults listened to either highly or lowly arousing music or to silence while simultaneously studying same gender face-name pairs. Participants' memory was then tested for these pairs while listening to either the same or different music selections. We found that young adults' memory performance was not affected by any of the music listening conditions. Music listening, however, was detrimental for older adults. Specifically, their memory performance was worse for all music conditions, particularly if the music was highly arousing. Young adults' pattern of results was not reflected in their subjective ratings of helpfulness; they felt that all music was helpful to their performance yet there was no indication of this in the results. Older adults were more aware of the detriment of music on their performance, rating some highly arousing music as less helpful than silence. We discuss possible reasons for this pattern and conclude that these results are most consistent with the theory that older adults' failure to inhibit processing of distracting task-irrelevant information, in this case background music, contributes to their elevated memory failures.
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Dewhurst, Stephen Anthony. "Determinants of recollective experience in recognition memory." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358184.
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Migo, Ellen Marie. "Modelling the neural basis of recognition memory." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493446.
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This thesis reviews the evidence for dual process models of recognition memory, where both recollection and familiarity are thought to support overall performance. In particular, the focus is on one computational interpretation; the Complementary Learning Systems (CLS) model (Norman & O'Reilly, 2003). This is a biologically constrained dual process model based on the neuroanatomy and function of regions within the medial temporal lobes.
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Blank, M. J. "Recognition memory for visual figures versus grounds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596719.
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The phenomenal distinction between figure and ground has been fundamental to perceptual psychology ever since the work of the Gestalt psychologist, Edgar Rubin (1915). Yet surprisingly little research has been done on objective differences between processing of figures and their attributing grounds. It is often claimed that while long-term recognition memory for figures can be good, it is apparently non-existent for grounds, even though the two share the same defining contour. A critical examination of studies on which such claims were based reveals a number of potential flaws. The observed figural advantage might have been due to demand characteristics in the classic experiments. This dissertation re-examines recognition memory for figures versus grounds, attempting to remove previous sources of bias. New experiments found that while figures were recognised better than grounds after incidental learning, memory for grounds was still significantly above chance, at odds with traditional claims. It was found that recognition responses to grounds could be greatly reduced, although still remaining above chance, by changing experimental instructions. This suggests that subjects' performance depends on their interpretation of the task, which might have confounded Rubin's original studies. Although a true figural advantage remains, grounds are remembered at above-chance levels, raising the question of how memory for them is achieved. Possibilities include reversals of the figure-ground stimuli at exposure or at test; memory for the grounds; memory for the dividing contours; and generalisation from memory for the figures. A series of experiments assessed these possibilities and suggested that the last of them is the most likely. When particular figures and grounds were defined not just by their common dividing contours, but also by the rest of their shapes (i.e. not at the common contours), results indicate that the rest of the shape is remembered only for figures. This suggests that while figures are processed and remembered on the basis of their abstract shapes, no such shape processing may take place for grounds.
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Boldini, Angela. "Evidence for two processes in recognition memory." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411203.
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Chiroro, Patrick. "Individual differences in recognition memory for faces." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1217/.
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Contemporary research on human memory has tended to disregard individual differences (Eysenck, 1977, 1983; Sternberg & French, 1990). However, there seems to be no empirical justification for this practice, especially in experimental situations where the stimuli that are used are 'socially relevant'. Human faces constitute one such category. Although there is strong evidence which suggests that people differ substantially in their ability to recognise faces in laboratory experiments (Baddeley & Woodhead, 1983) and in everyday situations (Schweich, van der Linden, Bredart, Bruyer, Neils & Schills, 1991), the sources of these differences are not clearly understood at present. In this thesis, individual differences in recognition memory for faces were examined using standard laboratory experimental techniques. Part I of this thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One provides a general introduction to face recognition research. In Chapter Two, past research on individual differences in face recognition is described and evaluated. In Chapter Three. the theoretical implications of research on the effects of orientation, race of face and face distinctiveness are discussed. Experimental and statistical techniques that are used in the present thesis are summarised in Chapter Four. In Part II, three experiments which investigated the effect of individual differences in spatial ability on recognition of pictures, faces and words are reported. Among other things, these experiments showed that while individual differences in spatial ability did not significantly affect subjects' recognition of high-imagery words, high spatial ability subjects recognised faces and pictures more accurately and more quickly than did low spatial ability subjects. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed. Part III consists of an experiment in which differences in recognition of male and female faces by adolescent male and female subjects aged 11 years, 12 years and 13 years were investigated across two delay conditions. This experiment provided partial support for a developmental dip in recognition of faces among 12-year olds and also showed an own-sex bias in face recognition among female subjects. Theoretical accounts for these effects are proposed. In Part IV, a cross-cultural study in which black-African and white-British subjects who had different degrees of previous contact with faces of the opposite race were tested for their recognition of distinctive and typical own-race and other-race faces is reported. This experiment provided evidence which supported the differential-experience hypothesis of the own-race bias in face recognition among the African subjects and also suggested that the effect of face distinctiveness in recognition of faces might be a product of learning the defining characteristics of a given population of faces. In Part V, three experiments which explored differences between good and poor face recognisers are reported and discussed. These experiments raised some important methodological issues regarding the generalisability of the notion of 'face recognition ability' in situations where the faces to be recognised are shown in different views, in different facial expressions and in different orientations between study and test. These experiments also showed that subjects who were good in their recognition of faces following a change in view were significantly more accurate in their recognition of upsidedown faces than were subjects who had initially shown poor recognition of faces in different views. However. there were no significant differences between these two groups of subjects in their ability to recognise faces that were shown in different facial expressions between study and test. It is argued that these results suggest that recognition of faces following a change in facial expression may involve the creation and use of expression-independent representations of the face while recognition of faces following a change in view or orientation may both involve the creation and use of view-independent representations of faces. General conclusions and suggestions for future experimental work are outlined in Part
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Miller, Elijah Carl. "Recognition Memory of Extremely High Frequency Words." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1575639468174335.
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Scott, Hannah. "Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying recognition memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682350.
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Recognition memory provides us with the ability to judge if we have encountered something before. Communication between the periprhinal cortex (PRh), hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is essential when associated information needs to be recollected, such as where we have seen an object previously. To investigate the nature of the information flow from the HPC to the mPFC, the direct pathway was selectively inhibited. Intriguingly, this did not affect the rats' performance in an object-in-place task, which suggests that alternative, indirect routes carry information between the two regions. This dissertation further aimed to investigate the mechanisms that regulate gene expression, a process required for the consolidation of long-term recognition memory. Inhibition of DNA methylation in the HPC through infusion of the DNA methyl transferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-aza-2 -deoxycytidine impaired performance in the object-in-place task with a 24 h delay. No such effect was observed when infusions were made into the mPFC or the PRh. In contrast, infusion of an alternative DNMT inhibitor, RG 1 08 into the PRh impaired both associative recognition memory and familiarity discrimination. The results indicate a role for DNA methylation in the HPC and the PRh in recognition memory and suggest the two DNMT inhibitors may operate through different mechanisms. Lastly, changes in the PRh transcriptome I h after exposure to novel or highly familiar objects were examined using RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis compared to na'ive rats indicated upregulation of transcription factors as well as of genes associated with MAPK and neurotrophin signalling, providing further evidence for an involvement of these cellular processes in recognition memory. Two further genes, Fchol and Gipr, were found to be differentially regulated between rats that had seen novel and those that had explored familiar objects, and may thus represent further factors required for the consolidation of recognition memory.
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Emonts, Michael William. "Memory-based Tone Recognition of Cantonese Syllables." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/60.
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Speech recognition has only recently been applied to Cantonese. Considerable effort, however, has been spent in recognizing Mandarin, the standard dialect of Chinese. Prior to this thesis, the only published work on monosyllabic Cantonese tone recognition is from Tan Lee et al. (1993,1995). This thesis is the first of its kind in that it explores memory-based learning as a viable approach for Cantonese tone recognition. The memory-based learning algorithm employed in this thesis outperforms the highly respected and widely used neural network approach. Various numbers of tones and features are modeled to find the best method for feature selection and extraction. To further optimize this approach, experiments are performed to isolate the best feature weighting method, best class voting weights method, and the best number of k-values to implement. A detailed error analysis is also reported. This thesis will prove valuable as a future reference for memory-based learning in application to more complex tasks such as continuous speech tone recognition.
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Shively, Matthew David. "Spacing and Lag Effects in Recognition Memory: Time Versus Intervening Items." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/shively/ShivelyM0507.pdf.
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Spacing and lag effects both refer to abundant findings that memory is enhanced when repeated items are spaced. Several researchers have realized the difficulty of explaining these effects using only one theory, and, therefore posited varying dual-process models. It is also unclear if there is a limit to the increase in memory performance due to increased lag. This study sought to understand how stimulus type influences spacing and lag effects, limits of the lag effect, and the importance of time and items in creating these effects. Experiment 1 found a unique spacing effect and lag effect. Experiment 2 found no spacing effect, yet a lag effect was found. Both time and items are important in generating spacing and lag effects.
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Au, Kwok-cheong Ricky. "Are recognition errors and deceptive responses differentiable?" Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41758043.
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Gifford, Amanda Kristyne. "Assessing object recognition memory in the domestic pig." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/a%5Fgifford%5F012105.pdf.
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Shannon, Ann. "Age and remember/know responding in recognition memory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30025.pdf.
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Abraham, Aby. "Continous Speech Recognition Using Long Term Memory Cells." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1377777011.
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Jardin, Elliott C. "Recognition Memory Revisited: An Aging and Electrophysiological Investigation." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1548157727480549.
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Barker, Gareth Robert Isaac. "The role of glutamate receptors in recognition memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701392.
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Byrd, Bridget D. "Electrophysiological potentials in the hippocampus during recognition memory." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/byrdb/bridgetbyrd.pdf.
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Wais, Peter Edward. "The roles of the hippocampus in recognition memory." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3315575.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 3, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-137).
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Lin, Xiaoyan. "Bayesian hierarchical models for the recognition-memory experiments." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6047.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 3, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Smith, Anna Elizabeth. "The role of histone acetylation in recognition memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715770.
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McCormack, Teresa. "The development of contextual memory in children." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326665.
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Diaz, Anjolii. "The Impact of Fearfulness on Childhood Memory: Attention, Effortful Control, and Visual Recognition Memory." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77077.
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Fear is an integral and adaptive aspect of emotion related development (Gullone, 1999) and is one of the earliest regulatory systems influencing the control of behaviors (Rueda, Posner & Rothbart, 2004). This study examined the potential role of child fearfulness on the relation between attention, effortful control and visual recognition memory. Behavioral and physiological measurements of fear as well as measures of attention and recognition memory were examined. Behavioral tendencies of fearfulness rather than discrete behavioral acts were associated with right frontal asymmetry. VRM performance was also associated with more right frontal functioning. Fearfulness regulated the relation between attention and VRM as well as moderated the relation between effortful control and VRM. This study provided some evidence for the influencing role of normal variations of fear (i.e., non-clinical levels of fear) on the cognitive processes of developing children.Ph. D.
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Babcock, Renee L. "Working memory as a general-purpose processor : effects of processing load on the relations between verbal and spatial memory." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28579.
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Dubuc, Séverine. "Determinants of capacious memory." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUEL516.
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Sous certaines conditions, les participants sont capables de reconnaître un grand nombre d'informations visuelles et montrent des capacités mnésiques quasi-parfaites. Ce travail étudie des situations qui correspondent à l'habileté de mémoriser de manière précise un grand nombre d'informations. Nous avons qualifié ce phénomène de " capacious memory " (Dubuc, Karlsson, & Lalonde, 2004). D'un point de vue théorique, nous avons défini ce phénomène mnésique comme suit, " capacious memory " (CM) implique : la rétention d'un nombre illimité d'informations, le rappel de détails d'événements passés, ou encore, la récupération d'éléments que les participants non pas imaginés et sans aucun entraînement spécial (i. E. , utilisation de stratégies mnésiques). De ce point de vue, la " capacious memory " apparait comme un phénomène " normal ". Or, même si certains aspects d'une mémoire très performante sont documentés dans la littérature, une approche commune semble manquéeThis work studies situations that correspond to the ability to accurately memorize a large amount of information. We name this phenomenon capacious memory. Even if highly accurate memory aspects have been documented in memory literature, a common approach is obviously missing. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to give an overview of capacious memory and to intensify the study of such memory phenomena. In a first part, we examine how capacious memory can be related to central ideas in psychology. Then, we investigate the effects of classical variables, like use of delay, type of task, aging and amnesia. We stressed the general circumstances under which capacious memory could be delimited. Furthermore, we put our interest on memory processes that could support it. We present data which indicate that capacious memory is related to familiarity, it is also important to elucidate how in normal aging and patients with neuropsychological impairment work out. Thus, we carry out studies where we examine performance for healthy young and older patients and memory impaired patients. These last studies are particularly important
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Ritter, Emilie. "Topographical recognition memory and autobiographical memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment : a longitudinal study." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/RITTER_Emilie_2007.pdf.
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Le syndrome de amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) présente un risque élevé d’évoluer en démence de type Alzheimer (DAT), mais pourrait avoir d’autres causes, telles que la dépression. L’objectif de cette thèse était de rechercher des marqueurs de la DAT préclinique. Nous avons observé l’évolution cognitive de patients aMCI pendant deux ans afin de discriminer les déclinants des stables cognitivement. En se basant sur les substrats neuronaux, nous avons supposé que des déficits de la mémoire de reconnaissance topographique (MRT) et de la mémoire autobiographique (Mab) pourraient être des marqueurs de la DAT préclinique. Les résultats révèlent une hétérogénéité du aMCI, avec un risque aggravé de déclin cognitif en présence de dépression. La MRT est altérée chez le aMCI mais n’est pas sensible à la dépression. Par contre, des déficits de la MRT et de la Mab ne sont pas spécifiques d’un futur déclin cognitifAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a high risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), but may have other causes such as depression. This study aimed to detect specific markers of preclinical dementia. A two-year longitudinal study was performed to examine cognitive evolution of aMCI patients in order to discriminate declining aMCI (daMCI) from non-daMCI patients. Based on their neural substrates, we theorized that deficits in topographical recognition memory (TRM) and autobiographical memory (AbM) could be neuropsychological markers of incipient DAT. Results showed that AMCI was an heterogeneous syndrome leading to daMCI in a limited proportion whereas additional depression strongly increased the risk of becoming daMCI. TRM was impaired in aMCI but not sensitive to depression. Nevertheless, longitudinal results did not indicate any deficits in TRM and AbM. These preliminary results may be useful for very large scale studies targeting neuropsychological markers of AD
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Ritter, Emilie Manning Lilianne Monsch Andreas. "Topographical recognition memory and autobiographical memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment a longitudinal study /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/791/01/RITTER2007.pdf.
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Thèse de doctorat : Neuropsychologie : Strasbourg 1 : 2007. Thèse de doctorat : Neuropsychologie : Bâle - Suisse : 2007.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. f. 83-106.
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Kilic, Asli. "Age Related Changes In Recognition Memory For Emotional Stimuli." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608560/index.pdf.
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Recognition memory - a type of episodic memory in long term memory - is known in the literature to be affected by emotion, aging and the modality of the presented stimuli. The major aim of this study was to investigate whether emotional stimuli enhances recognition memory. Another goal was to observe whether modality and aging effects are present and differentiable in a non-Western subject sample. In literature, emotion studies were based on mainly two dimensions of emotions: valence and arousal. However, the contribution of these two dimensions to the enhancement of recognition memory still needs clarification. The present study investigated specifically the effect of valence on recognition memory. Moreover, the experimental manipulations of this study allowed observing the effect of valence on recognition memory due to normal aging. Since modality of the presented stimuli is a major confounding factor on recognition, separate experiments involving visual and verbal stimuli were designed. Pictures and words were selected on the basis of valence and arousal ratings. The stimulus set of the visual recognition memory task consisted of the pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) (Lang et al., 2005). The stimulus set of the verbal recognition memory task was constructed from partially standardized material for affective norms of Turkish emotional words (METU TEW), which was developed as a part of this study. METU TEW allowed selecting words with positive, neutral and negative valence while controlling arousal. The results replicated two findings reported in the literature: (1) younger adults recognized more accurately than older adults(2) recognition memory was enhanced for visual items regardless of age and valence. Interestingly, this study revealed that recognition memory was not enhanced for emotional stimuli varying only on the valence dimension. More specifically, there was a decline in recognition memory for positive items and no change was observed for negative items, regardless of age. Further analysis also revealed that there may be differential effects of abstractness and concreteness on verbal recognition memory in aging.
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Griffiths, Oren Dennis Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Selective attention in human causal learning and recognition memory." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42780.
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It was hypothesized that similar selective attention processes might underlie two important empirical phenomena from traditionally distinct fields of cognitive psychology; the effect of divided attention on memory, and the blocking effect in associative learning. To investigate this hypothesis, ten experiments were conducted to investigate the role of selective attention in recognition and causal learning. In order to do so, a new category-based causal judgment task was constructed (Chapter 1), which allowed measurement of both causal strength and cue recognition. This procedure was then used to examine the blocking effect, in which pre-training with one cue, A, typically results in impaired learning about a second cue, B, when those two cues are trained in compound (AB+). Participants also demonstrated decreased recognition performance for the causally redundant cue B, suggesting that less attention had been paid to it in training (Chapter 3). Neither blocking in recognition, nor in causal judgment, was influenced by an additivity manipulation (Chapter 4). These results are consistent with the idea that attention is preferentially allocated towards the more predictive cue A, and away from the less predictive cue B (e.g., Mackintosh, 1975). Contrary to this hypothesis, poorer recognition was observed for predictive cues than for novel, or unreliable predictors (Chapter 5). Finally, in Chapter 6, a dissociation was observed between memory encoding and the rate at which causal learning occurred; participants learned more rapidly about previously predictive cues (e.g. A) than previously non-predictive cues (e.g. E), but demonstrated equivalently poor recognition for both types of cues (e.g. A and E). In Chapter 7, the present data are discussed in relation to models of associative learning, categorization and memory. A new model, based upon Mackintosh (1975) and Kruschke (1992) is proposed to account for the observed relationship between the extent to which each cue is attended to, learned about and later recognized.
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Tardif, Hilarie P. "Electrophysiological and behavioural indices of simulated recognition memory impairment." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20040917.144100/index.html.
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Pouliot, Sandra. "Recognition memory for emotionally arousing odors : a neuropsychological investigation." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107473.
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Note:The aim of this dissertation was 10 investigate if and how emotional arousalinfluences odor memory. I conducted three studies , one of which invo lved pat ients withresect ion from the medial tcmporal lobc including the amygd ala (MTLR). In the first experiment of Study 1, participants showed better memory for odo rs rated as being more emotionally arousing than tor odors rated as less arousing.
Cette dissertation avail pour objectif d'etudier si, de quelle maniere. L'eveil emotionnel influence la memoire olfactive. J'ai effectue trois etudes, dont une impliquant des patients ayant subi une resection du lobe temporal median inc1uant l'amygdalc (MTLR). Dans la premiere experience de l'etude 1, la reconnaissance des odeurs plus emotionnellement eveillantes a ete superieure a celle des odeurs moins eveillantes.
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Buratto, Luciano Grüdtner. "List-length and list-strength effects in recognition memory." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/874/.
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The study of interference effects is important to constrain models of memory. List-length manipulations test how adding new information to memory affects memory for the other stored information (list-length effect; LLE). List-strength manipulations test how strengthening some information in memory affects memory for the other non-strengthened information (list-strength effect; LSE). Whereas LLE and LSE are generally found in recall tasks, their empirical status in recognition tasks is less well established. In this thesis, we investigated some boundary conditions for both list-length and list-strength effects. The results provided evidence for the following claims: i) LLE and LSE are real effects in recognition (the effects were obtained after controlling for several confounds); ii) LLE and LSE are modulated by the relative contribution of recall-like processes operating at test (more recollection at test yielded larger effects); iii) LLE and LSE can be modulated by the number of study-test blocks in an experimental session (fewer study-test blocks resulted in larger effects); iv) LLE and LSE can be modulated by the time interval between study and test (shorter intervals produced larger effects) and iv) LLE and LSE may not be strongly modulated by the magnitude of length and strength manipulations (stronger manipulations did not result in larger effects). Taken together, the results support memory models that attribute forgetting in recognition to competition between memory traces during either encoding or retrieval. The results provide little support for models that attribute forgetting solely to interference between the contexts in which a memory was originally stored.
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Robertson, Daniel. "Spatial and temporal factors affecting human visual recognition memory." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10272/.
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The current thesis investigated the effects of a variety of spatial and temporal factors on visual recognition memory in human adults. Continuous recognition experiments investigated the effect of lag (the number of items intervening between study and test) on recognition of a variety of stimulus sets (common objects, face-like stimuli, fractals, trigrams), and determined that recognition of common objects was superior to that of other stimulus types. This advantage was largely eradicated when common objects of only one class (birds) were tested. Continuous recognition confounds the number of intervening items with the time elapsed between study and test presentations of stimuli. These factors were separated in an experiment comparing recognition performance at different rates of presentation. D-prime scores were affected solely by the number of intervening items, suggesting an interference-based explanation for the effect of lag. The role of interference was investigated further in a subsequent experiment examining the effect of interitem similarity on recognition. A higher level of global similarity amongst stimuli was associated with a lower sensitivity of recognition. Spatial separation between study and test was studied using same/different recognition of face-like stimuli, and spatial shifts between study and test locations. An initial study found a recognition advantage for stimuli that were studied and tested in the same peripheral location. However, the introduction of eye-tracking apparatus to verify fixation resulted in the eradication of this effect, suggesting that it was an artefact of uncontrolled fixation. Translation of both face-like and fractal stimuli between areas of different eccentricity, with different spatial acuities, did decrease recognition sensitivity, suggesting a partial positional specificity of visual memory. These phenomena were unaffected by 180 degree rotation. When interfering stimuli were introduced between study and test trials, translation invariance at a constant eccentricity broke down.
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Nakabayashi, Kazuyo. "The role of verbal processing in face recognition memory." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1268/.
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This dissertation attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the role of verbal processing in face recognition memory by examining some of the neglected issues in two streams of cognitive research, face recognition and verbal overshadowing. Traditionally, research in face recognition focuses on visual and semantic aspects of familiar and unfamiliar face processing, with little acknowledgement of any verbal aspect. By contrast, the verbal overshadowing literature examines the effect of verbal retrieval of unfamiliar face memory on subsequent recognition, with little attention to actual mechanisms underlying processing of these faces. Although both are concerned with our ability to recognise faces, they have proceeded independently as their research focus is diverse. It therefore remains uncertain whether or not face encoding entails verbal processing, and whether or not verbal processing is always detrimental to face recognition. To address these issues, some experimental techniques used in face recognition research were combined with methods from verbal overshadowing research. The first strand of experiments examined configural-visual and featural-verbal processing associations in change recognition tasks. The second strand systematically examined the role of verbal processing in recognition memory by manipulating the degree of verbal involvement during and after encoding. The third strand examined the ‘perceptual expertise’ account of verbal overshadowing in picture recognition memory tasks, involving pictures of familiar and unfamiliar people. The fourth strand directly tested a tentative hypothesis ‘verbal code interference’ to explain verbal overshadowing by manipulating the frequency and time of face verbalisation in line-up identification tasks. The concluding experiment looked at the relation between intentional learning and verbal overshadowing in a recognition memory task using more naturalistic stimuli. The main findings indicate first, that mechanisms underlying face processing appear to be complex, and simple processing associations (configural-visual and featural-verbal processing) cannot be made. Second, face encoding seems to involve some sort of verbal processing which may actually be necessary for successful recognition. Third, post-encoding verbalisation per se does not seem to be the key determiner for recognition impairment. Rather, the interference between verbal representations formed under different contexts seems to harm recognition. Fourth, verbal overshadowing was found only for unfamiliar face picture recognition, but not for familiar face picture recognition, casting a doubt on ‘perceptual expertise account’. Finally, although no clear evidence linking intentional learning and verbal overshadowing was found, intentional learning and verbalisation in combination affected a response pattern. These results were discussed in relation to ongoing debate over causes of the verbal overshadowing effect, which raises an important ecological question as to whether the phenomenon might reflect natural human memory interference.
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Chan, Michele Swee Yee. "A continual trials approach to recognition memory in mice." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12568/.
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This thesis sought to address and improve resolve some issues surrounding tests of recognition memory in animals. Since these spontaneous object recognition memory tasks are widely used, especially in mice, there is a need to develop a recognition task that would reduce the variability, extend and translate the task to potential areas of neuroscience research. Study 1 sought to validate the continual trials approach that was originally designed for rats to mice and replicate the findings of Ameen-Ali et al., (2012) in the spontaneous object recognition and object-location task. Study 1 found that performance of mice was comparable to previous studies of object recognition and object location memory, and statistically meaningful results were obtained with approximately 30 – 50 % fewer mice than typically used in the standard one trial a day version of the spontaneous object recognition tasks. Study 2 sought to extend the continual trials apparatus to establish the age-related changes of object recognition and object-location memory in normal ageing mice; and found that ageing mice showed no age-related decline of recognition memory. Study 3 found no evidence of age-related changes of object recognition and object-location memory in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease, TASTPM mice. In study 4, the continual trials apparatus was adapted to incorporate variable retention delays (by blocking the sample and test phases) and found no evidence of delay-dependent effect on object recognition memory. Study 5 provided novel evidence that NMDA blockade using the MK-801 drug had no effect on object recognition memory in mice when controlled for state-dependency of memory. The key findings of this thesis include the successful validation of the continual trials apparatus in mice and the evidence that studies using reduced number of mice can nonetheless provide valid results in object recognition memory tasks.
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Yick, Yee Ying. "Event related potential studies of recognition memory for faces." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55891/.
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The retrieval processes supporting recognition memory for faces were investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioural measures. The ERP old/new effects elicited by faces were investigated in five experiments in which participants were required to distinguish between old and new (studied and non-studied) faces. A direct comparison between the ERP old/new effects elicited by faces and words in an old/new recognition memory task in Experiment 1 provided evidence for at least one common old/new effect, as well as evidence for a material-specific retrieval effect that was only present for faces. The subsequent experiments employed "recognition confidence judgments" (Experiments 2 and 3) and "source memory" manipulations (Experiments 4 and 5) to separate neural activity that might be tied to the processes of recollection and familiarity. Across the two recognition confidence experiments, reliable old/new effects were evident mainly for responses that attracted high confidence judgments, and there was little evidence for modulations that were sensitive to the level of recognition confidence systematically. These data indicate that ERPs index memory processes supporting face judgments that are linked to recollection. The two source memory experiments also revealed superior old/new effects which covered both frontal and parietal scalps and which were larger for those correct old responses that attracted correct rather than incorrect source judgments. The ERP data thus provides strong evidence for neural indices of recollection across all experiments. It might be regarded as surprising that, given the findings in ERP studies with verbal materials, no strong evidence for an ERP correlate of familiarity was found in the ERP data. In Experiment 4, a mid-frontal old/new effect in the 300-500ms time window was present for all correct old responses, and was insensitive to the source judgments, suggesting that this modulation is a neural index of familiarity. This pattern of data, however, was not replicated in Experiment 5 when a more rigorous separation between familiarity- and recollection-based responding was employed. These ERP findings are considered in the context of dual-process theories of recognition memory and their broad application across markedly different kinds of studied materials.