Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reciprocity'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Reciprocity.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Reciprocity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Falk, Armin. "Reciprocity and wage formation /." Aachen : Shaker Verl, 1999. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00000633.pdf.
Full text
2
Diekmann, Andreas, and Thomas Voss. "Social norms and reciprocity." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-208162.
Full textAbstract:
In a norm game, under certain conditions, there exist Nash equilibria of mutual cooperation. Experimental work demonstrates that even in one-shot situations the level and proportion of cooperative behavior
increases if an punishment option is available to the players of a public goods game. It is therefore important to analyze conditions such that this is consistent with a rational choice approach. The paper is meant as a first step toward this task. The main result will be that nonstandard
assumptions about human motivations or preferences can explain norms with sanctions even in one-shot situations. This is shown by an analysis of the norm game with two well-known recent models of fairness from behavioral game theory.
3
Wallace, Fred Clarence III. "Reciprocity- a Design Thesis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36585.
Full textAbstract:
There are two objects to which this book points:
One- a process in which both the designer
and the designed take part.
The process was "sensed" in the making of the book itself, and the thesis was named. The book is at once an expression of this process, and a part of the process expressed.
Its nature is a result of a relationship described as reciprocal.
The other- a building.
In designing an addition
to the Blacksburg Virginia Middle School, thoughts about light and surface, ground and figure, earth and sky
guided decisions made in the process.
The result is regarded as both created and discovered.Master of Architecture
4
Deal, Thomas J. "Reciprocity in vector acoustics." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/52968.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedReissued 30 May 2017 with Second Reader’s non-NPS affiliation added to title page.
The scalar reciprocity equation commonly stated in underwater acoustics relates pressure fields and monopole sources. It is often used to predict the pressure measured by a hydrophone for multiple source locations by placing a source at the hydrophone location and calculating the field everywhere for that source. That method, however, does not work when calculating the orthogonal components of the velocity field measured by a fixed receiver. This thesis derives a vector-scalar reciprocity equation that accounts for both monopole and dipole sources. This equation can be used to calculate individual components of the received vector field by altering the source type used in the propagation calculation. This enables a propagation model to calculate the received vector field components for an arbitrary number of source locations with a single model run for each received field component instead of requiring one model run for each source location. Application of the vector-scalar reciprocity principle is demonstrated with analytic solutions for a range-independent environment and with numerical solutions for a range-independent and a range-dependent environment using a parabolic equation model.
Electronics Engineer, Naval Undersea Warfare Center
5
Fard, Shahrad Nasrolahi. "Is reciprocity a foundation of international law or whether international law creates reciprocity?" Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/d749591e-1f9b-4d7b-a43a-3dc7ef062b15.
Full textAbstract:
The absence of a powerful uniform legal authority, to enforce international law and international agreements, has placed reciprocity in a pivotal position in inter-State relations and the extent to which States rely on reciprocity. This thesis examines the significance of reciprocity and the extent to which reciprocity manifests itself in international law, more specifically is this manifestation a foundation of international law or whether international law creates reciprocity. The present work argues how reciprocity in international law is a multifaceted concept. On the one side it is a principal tool incentivising States away from wrongful acts, and to abide by their obligations; alternatively it is a tool for establishing the right to a reciprocal response. Thus the study sets out to explore how international law shapes the international community’s interactions and how, in turn, these interactions shape international law. Considering the important role that the rule of law plays in the context of international law, the thesis aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the rule of law particularly in its relationship with international law. This analysis will provide a useful discussion on the interactions between the rule of law and reciprocity. The United Nations was established to enhance co-operation amongst the international community with the goal of maintaining international peace and security. This thesis will explore the role of reciprocity in international law on enhancing international commitment and international co-operation. The significance of this lies in reciprocal and ‘remedial’ options in international law that maintain States’ commitment to international obligations which in turn develops friendly relations and international co-operation. This thesis will aim to contribute to scholarly works to bridge the existing gap in interdisciplinary studies exploring the connection between reciprocity, co-operation and the rule of law in the realm of international law.
6
Gee, Alice Chia Ping. "Class fields by Shimura reciprocity." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/58381.
Full text
7
Johnson, James. "Seismic wavefield reconstruction using reciprocity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44063.
Full textAbstract:
The primary focus of most reflection seismic surveys is to help locate hydro-carbon recourses. Due to an ever increasing scarcity of these re- courses, we must increase the size and quality of our seismic surveys. How- ever, processing such large seismic data volumes to accurately recover earth properties is a painstaking and computationally intensive process.
Due to the way reflection seismic surveys are conducted there are often holes in the collected data, where traces are not recorded. This can be due to physical or cost constraints. For some of the initial stages of process- ing these missing traces are of little consequence. However processes like multiple prediction and removal, interferometric ground roll prediction, and migration require densely sampled data on a regular grid. Thus the need to interpolate undersampled data cannot be ignored.
Using the fact that reflection seismic data sets obey a reciprocal relation- ship in source and receiver locations, combined with recent advances in the field of compressed sensing, we show that properly regularized the wavefield reconstruction problem can be solved with a high degree of accuracy. We exploit the compressible nature of seismic data in the curvelet domain to solve regularized l1 recovery problems that seek to match the measured data and enforce the above mentioned reciprocity.
Using our method we were able to achieve results with a 20.45 dB sig- nal to noise ratio when reconstructing a marine data set that had 50% of its traces decimated. This is a 13.44 dB improvement over using the same method run without taking reciprocity into account.
8
Li, Danyang. "Organ Donation, Trust and Reciprocity." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/econ_diss/93.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation consists of three chapters that focus on topics in fields of experimental economics and health economics.
The first chapter, “Do I Care if You Know I Betrayed You?” , examines how concern for others’ disutility from betrayal can affect the decision to repay trust in the trust game. We use a laboratory experiment to compare trustees’ behavior when betrayal is obfuscated to an identical monetary payoffs situation where betrayal is revealed. We find that more trustees choose to defect in our experiment when betrayal is obfuscated than when it is revealed. Our result suggests that concern for betrayal costs influences not only the decision to trust but also the decision to repay trust.
The second chapter, “Increasing Organ Donation via Changes in the Default Choice or Allocation Rule”, utilizes a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative public policies targeted at increasing the rate of deceased donor organ donation. The experiment includes treatments across different default choices and organ allocation rules inspired by the donor registration systems applied in different countries. Our results indicate that the opt-out with priority rule system generates the largest increase in organ donation relative to an opt-in only program. However, sizeable gains are achievable using either a priority rule or opt-out program separately, with the opt-out rule generating approximately 80% of the benefits achieved under a priority rule program.
The third chapter, “Improving the Approach to Organ Donor Registration”, proposes to improve organ donor registry by providing a persuasive message with the registration request. I designed a laboratory experiment to examine the impact of the persuasive message on donation decisions. The results indicate that the persuasive message has a positive impact on donation decisions in the early rounds of the experiment. Subjects were about 21 percent more likely to register as a donor in round 1 of the experiment when they were provided with a persuasive message. This behavioral difference across treatment decreased as subjects played more rounds, since subjects in the control treatment learned the information in the persuasive message through playing the game. We further find this treatment effect is mainly from subjects who are not organ donors in real life, while the treatment effect is very small for those who are self-reported organ donors.
9
Martinez, II Roberto. "Singularities, Supersymmetry and Combinatorial Reciprocity." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10093.
Full textAbstract:
This work illustrates a method to investigate certain smooth, codimension-two, real submanifolds of spheres of arbitrary odd dimension (with complements that fiber over the circle) using a novel supersymmetric quantum invariant. Algebraic (fibered) links, including Brieskorn-Pham homology spheres with exotic differentiable structure, are examples of said manifolds with a relative diffeomorphism-type that is determined by the corresponding (multivariate) Alexander polynomial.Engineering and Applied Sciences
10
Hall, James. "A theory of communal reciprocity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff1abf95-3355-4066-8976-08ae97a999bb.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis sets out an interpretation of the value of community that I call communal reciprocity. It charts the history of that ideal, analyses its use in the work of an important academic proponent, G.A. Cohen, and develops a more comprehensive account of its main features. It also discusses the implications of communal reciprocity, including whether or not it conflicts with certain freedom-based concerns and its application, including in the assessment of market economies.
11
McDowell, Evelyn Aniton. "Reciprocity and Financial Information Relevance." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1144437522.
Full text
12
Lindbo, Tracy Lynn. "Modeling retiree reciprocity in organizations." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1664.
Full text
13
Chudek, Matthew. "Negative indirect reciprocity : theory and evidence." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44851.
Full textAbstract:
Explanations of humans' evolutionary origins that invoke the ratchet of cumulative cultural learning must confront the `cooperative dilemma of culture'. Adaptive cultural knowledge is a widely shared but easily degraded public goodle knowledge and to deceive and manipulate each other. How did our ancestors avoid the temptation to hoard valuab, before the advent of complex social institutions? I present one possible solution: negative indirect reciprocity (NIR). I use a series of mathematical models to reason about how our ancient ancestors' dispositions to gainfully exploit one another could have supported more complex forms of cooperation, providing a foundation for our rapidly evolving corpus of shared cultural know-how. Together these models show how reputation-based, opportunistic exploitation can play a pivotal role in sustaining cooperation in small scale societies, even before the advent of complex institutions.
I also present two empirical tests of the assumptions made by these models. First, I measure contemporary reputational judgements in circumstances that the models predict are relevant. In the process I also map my participants' judgements to the full set of first and second-order reputation assessment rules described by indirect reciprocity theory. Second, I test whether a recently observed peculiarity of people's moral reasoning---our tendency to ascribe blame to those who profit from others suffering because of mere good fortune---is consistent with the constraints assumed by NIR. The results of both empirical studies support the assumptions made by NIR.
14
Newland, John Robert. "The theory and measurement of reciprocity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324989.
Full text
15
Härkönen, Hannu Johannes. "Syntomic cohomology and explicit reciprocity laws." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613995.
Full text
16
Berger, Ulrich. "Learning to cooperate via indirect reciprocity." Elsevier, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3273/1/indirec_GEB_revised.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Cooperating in the Prisoner's Dilemma is irrational and some supporting mechanism is needed to stabilize cooperation. Indirect reciprocity based on reputation is
one such mechanism. Assessing an individual's reputation requires first-order information,
i.e. knowledge about its previous behavior, as it is utilized under image
scoring. But there seems to be an agreement that in order to successfully stabilize
cooperation, higher-order information is necessary, i.e. knowledge of others' previous
reputations. We show here that such a conclusion might have been premature.
Tolerant scoring, a first-order assessment rule with built-in tolerance against single
defections, can lead a society to stable cooperation. (author's abstract)
17
Breitwieser, Maria [Verfasser]. "Reciprocity in Labor Relationships / Maria Breitwieser." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1096333732/34.
Full text
18
Kelley, Jean Margaret 1966. "The Choctaw economy: Reciprocity in action." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291382.
Full textAbstract:
Although Europeans unquestioningly impacted the indigenous economies of the Americas, these original economies have shifted, but have never entirely disappeared. Early European witnesses of these tribal systems were often off the mark in interpreting their observations, especially when the data was forced into completely European models. With the secondary sources available, a less Eurocentric model of the 18th and 19th century Choctaw economy can be constructed. This reconstruction will help develop more accurate portrayals of functions within tribal societies.
19
Saral, Ali Seyhun. "Three Essays on Cooperation and Reciprocity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242869.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation aims to contribute to the literature of cooperation and social preferences. We use experimental and computational methods to understand the role and extent of reciprocity on cooperation.
The first paper is a methodological contribution to the large literature on conditional preferences of cooperation. Cooperation generated by this type of preferences is notoriously unstable, as individuals reduce their contributions to the public good in reaction to other subjects' free-riding. This has led to the widely-shared conclusion that cooperation observed in experiments (and its collapse) is mostly driven by imperfect reciprocity. In this study, we explore the possibility that reciprocally cooperative preferences may themselves be unstable. We do so by observing the evolution of subjects' preferences in an anonymously repeated social dilemma. Our unsettling result is that, in the course of the experiment, a significant fraction of reciprocally cooperative subjects become egoistic, while the reverse is rarely observed. The non-selfish preferences that appear to be more stable are those most easily attributed to confusion. We are thus driven to the conclusion that egoism is more resistant to exposure to social dilemmas than reciprocity.
The second paper the evolutionary success of conditional preferences by using simulations. We use an agent-based model in which agents play a variation of the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game. We estimate the likelihood of cooperation levels as well as the likelihood of the existence of conditional types for different continuation probabilities. We show that an all-or-none type of conditional cooperation strategy together with the perfect conditional cooperation strategy are most likely to emerge when the continuation probability is sufficiently high. Our most surprising finding is related to the so-called hump-shaped strategy, a conditional type that is commonly observed in experiments. Our simulations show that those types are likely to thrive for intermediate levels of the continuation probability due to their relative advantage when probability of interaction is not enough to sustain a full-cooperation, but instead merely sustains mid-level cooperation.
The third paper aims to understand the underlying reciprocal motives in altruistic behavior. We argue that the altruism that is revealed in dictator games can be explained by what we call presumptive reciprocity. Subjects may display non-selfish preferences because they presume that the other subjects would have revealed similar, non-selfish preferences if the roles had been reversed. This kind of intuitive reasoning, although partially captured by indirect reciprocity, is overlooked in the literature on social preferences, especially when it comes to explaining the behavior that appears to be purely altruistic. The experimental evidence we provide shows that people's choices reveal mostly presumptive reciprocity, while purely altruistic preferences play a much smaller role.
20
Saral, Ali Seyhun. "Three Essays on Cooperation and Reciprocity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242869.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation aims to contribute to the literature of cooperation and social preferences. We use experimental and computational methods to understand the role and extent of reciprocity on cooperation.
The first paper is a methodological contribution to the large literature on conditional preferences of cooperation. Cooperation generated by this type of preferences is notoriously unstable, as individuals reduce their contributions to the public good in reaction to other subjects' free-riding. This has led to the widely-shared conclusion that cooperation observed in experiments (and its collapse) is mostly driven by imperfect reciprocity. In this study, we explore the possibility that reciprocally cooperative preferences may themselves be unstable. We do so by observing the evolution of subjects' preferences in an anonymously repeated social dilemma. Our unsettling result is that, in the course of the experiment, a significant fraction of reciprocally cooperative subjects become egoistic, while the reverse is rarely observed. The non-selfish preferences that appear to be more stable are those most easily attributed to confusion. We are thus driven to the conclusion that egoism is more resistant to exposure to social dilemmas than reciprocity.
The second paper the evolutionary success of conditional preferences by using simulations. We use an agent-based model in which agents play a variation of the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game. We estimate the likelihood of cooperation levels as well as the likelihood of the existence of conditional types for different continuation probabilities. We show that an all-or-none type of conditional cooperation strategy together with the perfect conditional cooperation strategy are most likely to emerge when the continuation probability is sufficiently high. Our most surprising finding is related to the so-called hump-shaped strategy, a conditional type that is commonly observed in experiments. Our simulations show that those types are likely to thrive for intermediate levels of the continuation probability due to their relative advantage when probability of interaction is not enough to sustain a full-cooperation, but instead merely sustains mid-level cooperation.
The third paper aims to understand the underlying reciprocal motives in altruistic behavior. We argue that the altruism that is revealed in dictator games can be explained by what we call presumptive reciprocity. Subjects may display non-selfish preferences because they presume that the other subjects would have revealed similar, non-selfish preferences if the roles had been reversed. This kind of intuitive reasoning, although partially captured by indirect reciprocity, is overlooked in the literature on social preferences, especially when it comes to explaining the behavior that appears to be purely altruistic. The experimental evidence we provide shows that people's choices reveal mostly presumptive reciprocity, while purely altruistic preferences play a much smaller role.
21
Tondji, Jean Baptiste. "Essays on Reciprocity, Institutions, and Political Design." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37364.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 1 of the thesis examines a question of how a voting process can be designed to induce rational individuals to display reciprocal and pro-social behaviors. A political procedure, namely, the reciprocity mechanism, is proposed to address this issue. The analysis displays that this new mechanism is a modification of the legislative process encountered in democratic countries. The results indicate that, under natural assumptions on voters' preferences, a stable policy always exists, and it may be unique if preferences are single-peaked. Moreover, any stable policy is Pareto-efficient.
It has been argued that the size of the supermajority needed to enact a policy in a decision-making body should depend on the importance of this policy. However, a formal analysis of the relationship between policy importance and the voting rule is still lacking in the literature. Chapter 2 addresses this gap from the perspective of a preference-blind political designer. Given the level of importance of a policy, the goal is to choose the supermajority rule that guarantees the existence of a stable policy regardless of the extent to which individual political opinions are antagonistic, ensures that all stable policies are efficient, and minimizes status quo bias. Chapter 2 solves this problem. A closed-form relationship between supermajority rule and policy importance is derived. The analysis has practical implications for the optimal design and functioning of political institutions.
The majority rule is widely used to select policies in political institutions. Chapter 3 proves that this rule is not optimal for sufficiently complex policies. To address this issue, natural preference domains are identified for which the majority rule is optimal under a simple sequential procedure. Under this procedure, the majority rule guarantees the existence of a stable policy, ensures that all stable policies are efficient, and minimizes the status quo bias, no matter the complexity of the policy space. The results imply that this voting rule is not appropriate for certain types of societies, including sufficiently fractionalized societies.
22
König, Clemens. "Theoretical perspectives on reciprocity and information processing." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-165352.
Full text
23
Provenzano, Carmelo. "Institutions and reciprocity in the employment relationship." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/732/.
Full textAbstract:
Homo economicus has dominated mainstream Economics during the last century. One of the main assumptions of this model is that humans maximise their own utility functions. In other words, homo oeconomicus, before taking action, considers the consequences on their own future interests, which are generally assumed to be monetary. This thesis provides experimental results showing that human behaviour often differs from that of homo oeconomicus, particularly in environments where trust and reciprocity are salient concerns. To be precise, this dissertation analyses the employment relationship, focusing particularly on the importance of trust and the role of direct reciprocity in the relationship between managers and workers. Reciprocity is an important contract enforcement device in the presence of incomplete labour contracts. By reciprocity between employer and employee, what is meant is a predisposition, within the institutional context of defined employment tasks, to cooperate with the other party even at personal cost, and a willingness to punish the other party if they violate cooperative norms, even when punishment is costly to the individual. The original contribution of this thesis goes beyond this result and shows the impact of informal employment rules on reciprocity. In particular, it uses experimental methods to identify two distinct governance patterns for employment relationships: the rigid governance structure and the flexible governance structure. The former is characterised by task-centred rules and defines the boundaries of jobs in a much more specific way than the latter, which is characterised by function-centred rules, and gives rise to a more flexible and discretionary model of employment relationships. The most important original experimental result of this thesis is that rigid governance characterised by taskcentred rules and low reciprocity is better suited to one-shot transactions, whereas flexible governance characterised by function-centred rules and a high level of reciprocity is better suited to repeated transactions.
24
Burmaster, Charles Lyman. "Reciprocity calibration in a plane wave resonator." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21518.
Full text
25
Hogarth, Hyun-key Kim. "Reciprocity, status and the Korean shamanistic ritual." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294320.
Full text
26
Ravasi, Matteo. "Reciprocity-based imaging using multiply scattered waves." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11696.
Full textAbstract:
In exploration seismology, seismic waves are emitted into the structurally complex Earth. Its response, consisting of a mixture of arrivals including primary reflections, conversions, multiples, and transmissions, is used to infer the internal structure and properties. Waves that interact multiple times with the inhomogeneities in the medium probe areas of the subsurface that are sometimes inaccessible to singly scattered waves. However, these contributions are notoriously difficult to use for imaging because multiple scattering turns out to be a highly nonlinear process. Conventionally, imaging algorithms assume singly scattered energy dominates data. Hence these require that energy that scatters more than once is attenuated. The principal focus of this thesis is to incorporate the effect of complex nonlinear scattering in the construction of subsurface elastic images. Reciprocity theory is used to establish an exact relation between the full recorded data and the local (zero-offset, zero-time) scattering response in the subsurface which constitutes our image. Fully nonlinear, elastic imaging conditions are shown to lead to better illumination, higher resolution and improved amplitudes in pure-mode imaging. Strikingly it is also observed that when multiple scattering is correctly handled, no converted-wave energy is mapped to any image point. I explain this result by noting that conversions require finite time and space to manifest. The construction of wavefield propagators (Green’s functions) that are used to extrapolate recorded data from the surface to points in the Earth’s interior is a crucial component of any imaging technique. Classical approaches are based on strong assumptions about the propagation direction of recorded data, and their polarization; preliminary steps of wavefield decomposition (directional and modal) are required to extract upward propagating waves at the recording surface and separate different wave modes. These algorithms also generally fail to explain the trajectories of multiply scattered and converted waves, representing a major problem when constructing nonlinear images as we do not know where such energy interacted with the scatterers to be imaged. A secondary aim of this thesis is to improve on the practice of wavefield extrapolation or redatuming by taking advantage of the different nature of multi-component data compared with single-mode acoustic data. Two-way representation theorems are used to define novel formulations in elastic media which allow both up- and downward propagating fields to be back-propagated correctly without ambiguity in the direction, and such that no cross-talk between wave modes is generated. As an application of directional extrapolation, the acoustic counterpart of the new approach is tested on an ocean-bottom cable field dataset acquired over the Volve field, North Sea. Interestingly, the process of redatuming sources to locations beneath a complex overburden by means of multi-dimensional deconvolution also requires preliminary wavefield separation to be successful: I propose to use the two-way convolution-type representation as a way to combine full pressure and particle velocity recordings. Accurate redatumed wavefields can then be obtained directly from multi-component data without separation. Another major challenge in seismic imaging is to construct detailed velocity models through which recorded data will be extrapolated. Nowadays the information contained in the extension of subsurface images along either the time or space axis is commonly exploited by velocity model building techniques acting in the image domain. Recent research has shown that when both extensions are taken into account, it is possible to estimate the data that would have been recorded if a small, local seismic survey was conducted around any image point in the subsurface. I elaborate on the use of nonlinear elastic imaging conditions to construct such so-called extended image gathers: missing events, incorrect amplitudes, and spurious energy generated from the use of only primary arrivals are shown to be mitigated when multiple scattering is included in the migration process. Finally, having access to virtual recordings in the subsurface is also very useful for target-oriented imaging applications. In the context of one-way representation, I apply the novel methodology of Marchenko redatuming to the Volve field dataset as a way to unravel propagation effects in the overburden structure. Constructed wavefields are then used to synthesize local, subsurface reflection responses that are only sensitive to local heterogeneities, and detailed images of target areas of the subsurface are ultimately produced. Overall the findings of this thesis demonstrate that, while incorporating multiply scattered waves as well as multi-component data in imaging may be not a trivial task, such information is vital for achieving high-resolution and true-amplitude seismic imaging.
27
Eisner, Leo. "A reciprocity method for multiple source simulations." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2001. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08302001-030958.
Full text
28
Churcher, Millicent. "The Sympathetic Imagination: Recognition, Reciprocity, and Difference." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14735.
Full textAbstract:
In light of the limitations of top-down measures to adequately address the injustices that are suffered by devalued social identities, this thesis examines the sympathetic imagination as a resource for achieving recognition of racial and sexual difference. Adam Smith’s rich and sophisticated account of sympathy in The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) is central to this project. Smith claims that our capacity to imaginatively adopt others’ standpoints and to be emotionally affected by their experiences is what binds individuals together as moral agents. Smith acknowledges that the extent to which identify with others’ experiences is often influenced by a lack of understanding, bias and prejudice. Hence, if sympathy is to produce moral behaviour, it must be harnessed to an informed and reflective imaginative exercise. Harmonious social communities in Smith’s view are underpinned by reciprocal exercises of imaginative perspective-taking between individuals, wherein each person strives to grasp the other’s point of view, and to critically scrutinise their response to the other’s feelings. Given the general plausibility of Smith’s naturalistic moral theory, this thesis analyses the massive failures of sympathy that mark contemporary societies, with reference to the concept of the social imaginary. I suggest that the dominant social imaginary of a society has the capacity to systematically undercut fellow-feeling with the experiences of identities that are prevented from shaping prevailing values, norms and meanings, owing to their membership within a marginalised and devalued group. It achieves this by structuring implicit and widely held assumptions about different social identities that exclusively reflect the perspectives of privileged groups, and which render certain possibilities inconceivable or implausible. This research discusses the value and limitations of Smith’s appeal to a form of critical self-regulation as a means of repairing the failures of sympathy engendered by dominant imaginings of sexual and racial difference. This discussion draws attention to the important role played by informal, everyday embodied encounters with others, in addition to institutional structures and bottom up initiatives in facilitating sympathetic identification between privileged and devalued identities.
29
Smith, Brittany Reh. "RECIPROCITY AND WAGE DETERMINATION IN ECONOMIC RECESSION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192991.
Full text
30
Gerfen, Chip. "Reciprocity in Spanish: Two Puzzles of Scope." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226594.
Full textAbstract:
Heim, Lasnik, and May (1991a, henceforth HLMa) note an interesting contrast in the behavior of the following sentences in English (their 78a -b): 1.a) They look like each other. b) They look alike. As HLMa point out, when embedded, the two sentences have distinct properties (their 79a -b): 2.a) John and Mary think they look like each other. b) John and Mary think they look alike. Sentence (2a) is ambiguous between broad and narrow scope interpretations. Thus, (2a) can either mean 'John thinks he looks like Mary, and Mary thinks that she looks like John' (the broad reading) or 'John and Mary think they (John and Mary) look like each other' (the narrow reading). In contrast, (2b) can only be construed with narrow scope. For HLMa the ambiguity of (2a) receives an explanation in terms of the morphological complexity of the reciprocal expression each other. Specifically, the quantificational distribution element each is adjoined to an antecedent, which is then subject to QR via the rule move-α at logical form (see May 1977, 1985). Put simply, this allows for different scope interpretations, depending on how far up the phrase marker each is moved. In contrast, the morphologically simplex alike contains no detachable distribution element, and, as a result, only the narrow scope reading is available. Of interest here is the fact that HLMa base their argument on the distinction between reciprocal meaning that is incorporated within a morphologically simplex versus a morphologically complex item. In support of this claim, they offer the following minimal pair of sentences from Italian (attributed to Luigi Rizzi): 3.a) I due pensano [di essersi battuti] (contradictory); the two thought be-each other-clitic beaten b) I due pensano [di avere prevalso l'uno sull'altro] (ambiguous); the two thought have prevailed the one over the other HLMa note that when taken by themselves, the embedded clauses in (3a -b) are both contradictory, but that only (3b) receives a non -contradictory reading in the embedded construction. In a manner analogous to their treatment of the English data in (1 -2), HLMa claim that this distinction is attributable to the fact that the clitic in (3a) forms a morphological unit with the verb to which it is attached and, thus, cannot be moved at LF. In contrast, they follow Belletti (1982) in arguing that the full form of the Italian reciprocal l'uno...l'altro includes a distributor l'uno which can be detached and moved at LF. Though no specific analysis is provided, it is assumed that the broad scope, and hence non -contradictory, construal of (3b) is attributable to the adjunction of the distributor l'uno to the antecedent I due. With these facts in mind, I consider the question of scope in Spanish reciprocal constructions. In sections 2 and 3, I present a surprising scope asymmetry between non -full (clitic) and full reciprocal constructions, which indicates that unlike English, the full reciprocal el uno al otro in Spanish does not allow for broad scope interpretations when embedded. In section 4, I argue that el uno al otro in Spanish is best analyzed as an adjunct, rather than as the subcategorized argument of the verb. And in section 5, I explore HLM's (1991b) "each-binding" variant of the movement analysis proposed in HLMa, showing that the asymmetry between full and non -full reciprocals can be accounted for in terms of the obligatory local A'-binding of the variable el uno of the adjoined full form. In section 6, I expand the data, providing evidence of another scope asymmetry. Specifically, I show that in contrast to the el uno al otro adjunct of the clitic doubled construction, VP adjuncts such as prepositional phrases with a reciprocal object do allow broad construals from embedded clauses. I argue that this asymmetry motivates the need to formally distinguish between at least two types of adjuncts, appositional adjuncts such as the doubled el uno al otro construction, and standard adjuncts such as PPs. I suggest that a profitable way of making this distinction can be found in restricting the assignment of referential indexes in the Relativized Minimality framework (Rizzi 1990). This approach both preserves the account of the asymmetry between non-full or clitic reciprocals and their doubled counterparts, as allows for broad construals from standard adjuncts.
31
Valencia, Mireya. "Restoring Reciprocity: Indigenous Knowledges and Environmental Education." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/224.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental education in the U.S. has been slow to incorporate Indigenous knowledges, with most pre-university curriculum centering around Western science. I believe incorporating Indigenous knowledges into environmental education can promote reciprocal, critical, and active human-nature relationships. While Indigenous knowledges should infiltrate all levels of environmental education, I argue that alternative forms of education which operate outside the formal school system might present the fewest immediate obstacles.
32
Chen, Jean-yu. "House(s) on a Slope: Reciprocity in Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31521.
Full textAbstract:
The word reciprocity describes the multi dimensional relationship between architecture and its site. The definition of reciprocity is commonly understood as mutual exchange and dependence. As â siteâ provides a place for architecture, architecture bears the social responsibility to provide comfort, protection, function and connectivity to the site and its environment.
Harmony in architecture is a result of reciprocity; it is the result of the reciprocity between the nature and artifice. When architectural form adopts and supports each element on the site, the site will be enhanced from the establishment of architecture. In a macro sense, architectural forms become icons, landmarks, or spiritual backgrounds for culture and events. These activities of exchange and dependency assist in holding culture values and integrating society.
It is the architectâ s social responsibility to cultivate this experience and to disseminate this idea. Fundamentally, architects must consider the user needs and establish proper connections between the architecture and its site.
Reciprocity confirms the existence of architecture.Master of Architecture
33
Morton, John Francis. "Descent, reciprocity and inequality among the Northern Beja." Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294080.
Full textAbstract:
The Beja are a group of Cushitic-speaking, Muslim agro-pastoralists. indigenous inhabitants of Northeastern Sudan. The thesis describes two of the Beja tribes in Halaib District. Red Sea Province. The structure of Beja society is provided by a segmentary patrilineal descent system which is also a system of individual titles to land. Land is valued more as a symbol of identity than for its economic benefits to the owner. This is analysed in terms of a non-reductionist theory of descent. which does. however. link it to the political dominance of men. As pastoralists. Beja frequently use one another's land. This is governed by a1l11, a concept that might seem to describe a code of substantive customary law. It is analysed instead as practice, deriving from a cultural complex of 'generalized reciprocity'. Within this framework much of the detail of Beja agro-pastoral1sm is described, including patterns of land-use, the household and division of labour, the yearly agricultural and pastoral cycles and the remarkable greetings ritual, which guarantees the spread of information on grazing conditions. In contrast to this reciprocity, there are economic inequalities between households, and contractual labour relations. For the poor, there is labour migration to Port Sudan. Although the traditional political process is seen to revolve around consensus and reconciliation, sheikhs are likely to be wealthy and their interests can dominate traditional councils. The Northern Beja depend on trade with the outside world, and this is shawn to have a long history. Livestock is sold in Egypt, and grain and other commodities are sold in small rural shops, often giving extensive interest-free credit. Although this favours politically influential shopkeepers over others, it ultimately benefits a few merchants in Port Sudan. District politics has also been influenced by the outside world, in the form of the colonial and post-colonial states. This history, and particularly the rise of a non-traditional elite between 1969 and 1985, is reviewed, in the light of other writings on Sudanese local politics.
34
Huff, Ryan Francis. "Friendship Networks, Perceived Reciprocity of Support, and Depression." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3160.
Full textAbstract:
Using social network analysis as a theoretical framework, the current study examined the associations between self-reported egocentric network characteristics and depression among a sample of United States college students. It is important to understand factors related to depression among this population due to the severity of its potential outcomes (e.g., suicide and interpersonal problems at school). Drawing inspiration from a recent study conducted by Christina Falci and Clea McNeely (2009), the current investigation used OLS regression to test for both linear and curvilinear relationships between egocentric network size and depression. Potential interactions between network size, density, and gender were also explored. As an additional line of inquiry, this project examined whether or not (and to what extent) perceptions of reciprocity mediate the relationships between network characteristics and depression. Data were collected using an online survey, which was proctored to students enrolled in three large undergraduate sociology courses during the fall 2010 semester. In contrast to findings reported by Falci and McNeely (2009), no significant relationships were observed between network characteristics and mental health. However, support reciprocity was found to be a significant predictor of depression at the multivariate level. Additional research will be necessary in order to confirm (or refute) the results of Falci and McNeely (2009) and to further assess the mediating effects of perceived equity.
35
Barham, R. G. "Free-field reciprocity calibration of laboratory standard microphones." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294981.
Full text
36
Hara, Louise. "Passage : territorial reciprocity in the design of access." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74770.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 208-213).
This thesis investigates how forms and their territories are used to affect the quality of passage. Form, motion, and sequences relate the passages which affect our perception of the environment. The thesis is a journey through many passages in order to capture or mark the quality of the spatial experience through observation and design. Forms and their control of territories, and the observer and his associations to those territories are examined to develop a context for the study of passage as a reciprocal exchange between space and form. Motion in passage is explored as a means to relate the parts to the whole in the organization of place. Observations of built examples serve as references which reflect the variations and continuities of passage. Three typologies of passage are depicted: room-to-room, corridor, and field. Each provides the opportunity to investigate the transformation of the forms. The observations are used to stimulate the design and planning for a site in Warrenton, Virginia . The first focus will be the passages that tie the site together, incorporating a variety of public and private functions. The second focus will be at the building size where the design will be directed to passages within a library/museum.
by Louise Hara.
M.Arch.
37
Turner, Adam John. "The role of reciprocity in international environmental law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610765.
Full text
38
Blanche, Pierre-Alexandre, Brittany Lynn, Robert A. Norwood, and Nasser Peyghambarian. "Mechanisms for the reciprocity failure in photorefractive polymers." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622716.
Full textAbstract:
We measured the diffraction efficiency response of two photorefractive polymer devices according to the duration of the single laser pulse used to record the hologram. The pulse duration was varied from 6 nanoseconds to 1 second, while the pulse energy density was maintained constant at 30 mJ/cm(2). This changed the peak power from 5 x 10(9) mW to 30 mW. We observed a strong reciprocity failure of the efficiency according to the pulse duration, with a reduction as large as a factor 35 between 1 second and 30 mu s pulse duration. At even lower pulse duration (< 30 mu s), the efficiency leveled out and remained constant down to the nanosecond exposure time. The same behavior was observed for samples composed of the same material but with and without buffer layers deposited on the electrodes, and different voltages applied during the holographic recording. We explained these experimental results based on the charge transport mechanism involved in the photorefractive process. The plateau is attributed to the single excitation of the charge carriers by short pulses (T-p < 30 mu s). The increase of efficiency for longer pulse duration (T-p > 30 mu s) is explained by multiple excitations of the charge carriers that allows longer distance to be traveled from the excitation sites. This longer separation distance between the carriers increases the amplitude of the space-charge field, and improves the index modulation. The understanding of the response of the diffraction efficiency according to the pulse duration is particularly important for the optimization of photorefractive materials to be used at high refresh rate such as in videorate 3D display.
39
Park, Arum Smith Peter M. "Truth, falsehood, and reciprocity in Pindar and Aeschylus." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2192.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics." Discipline: Classics; Department/School: Classics.
40
McCardell, Elizabeth Eve. "Catching the ball: constructing the reciprocity of embodiment." Thesis, McCardell, Elizabeth Eve (2001) Catching the ball: constructing the reciprocity of embodiment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/189/.
Full textAbstract:
This interdisciplinary dissertation is a study of the ways in which we sensually embody and experience ow world. It is a metaphilosophical account that begins within orporeality; indeed, it is suggested that this is the place where the philosophic urge is argued, elaborated, and reflected upon.
While many studies of embodiment tend to focus upon the body as object, cultural artefact, or text for cultural inscription, the approach used in this dissertation is with the incarnation (the making flesh) of interaction in particular socio-physical milieux. The shift is thus from investigation of bodies to bodying, from noun form to transitive verb of incorporealization. This shift is felt necessary in order to better understand the so-called dualisms of traditional Western philosophic thought: mindbody, self-other, self-world, nature-culture, etc., and Tantric inspired Eastern philosophies of self-all relationality. It will be suggested, taking the lead from Leder (1990), that these apparent dualisms are not so much add-ons to philosophies of being, but arise in the experiential body itself.
This dissertation endeavours to rethink certain givens of everyday life, such as perception of time and space, place, enacted memory, having empathic feelings for others, and so on, from within bodily experience and occidental-oriental philosophies of being. Certain neurological disorders are examined for their way of deconstructing elements required to construct a meaningful incarnated life-world.
The process of embodiment is not only what the body is, but what it does.
My construction of what is necessary for embodiment studies therefore considers bodily praxes (cultural and individual), as well as the sensual, sensate experiences arising in the body.
The image of a ball game is evoked in various ways throughout the dissertation not only because it well describes the dense layers of interaction and an emergent sense of bodiliness, but it also illustrates reciprocity and situatedness.
This thesis is intended to contribute to the health sciences as well as cultural studies. It draws upon the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, J. J. Gibson's ecological psychology, neurological studies and case histories, and the Eastern tradition of Tantrism in its Mahayanist Buddhist and Taoist forms.
41
McCardell, Elizabeth Eve. "Catching the ball : constructing the reciprocity of embodiment /." McCardell, Elizabeth Eve (2001) Catching the ball: constructing the reciprocity of embodiment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/189/.
Full textAbstract:
This interdisciplinary dissertation is a study of the ways in which we sensually embody and experience ow world. It is a metaphilosophical account that begins within orporeality; indeed, it is suggested that this is the place where the philosophic urge is argued, elaborated, and reflected upon.
While many studies of embodiment tend to focus upon the body as object, cultural artefact, or text for cultural inscription, the approach used in this dissertation is with the incarnation (the making flesh) of interaction in particular socio-physical milieux. The shift is thus from investigation of bodies to bodying, from noun form to transitive verb of incorporealization. This shift is felt necessary in order to better understand the so-called dualisms of traditional Western philosophic thought: mindbody, self-other, self-world, nature-culture, etc., and Tantric inspired Eastern philosophies of self-all relationality. It will be suggested, taking the lead from Leder (1990), that these apparent dualisms are not so much add-ons to philosophies of being, but arise in the experiential body itself.
This dissertation endeavours to rethink certain givens of everyday life, such as perception of time and space, place, enacted memory, having empathic feelings for others, and so on, from within bodily experience and occidental-oriental philosophies of being. Certain neurological disorders are examined for their way of deconstructing elements required to construct a meaningful incarnated life-world.
The process of embodiment is not only what the body is, but what it does.
My construction of what is necessary for embodiment studies therefore considers bodily praxes (cultural and individual), as well as the sensual, sensate experiences arising in the body.
The image of a ball game is evoked in various ways throughout the dissertation not only because it well describes the dense layers of interaction and an emergent sense of bodiliness, but it also illustrates reciprocity and situatedness.
This thesis is intended to contribute to the health sciences as well as cultural studies. It draws upon the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, J. J. Gibson's ecological psychology, neurological studies and case histories, and the Eastern tradition of Tantrism in its Mahayanist Buddhist and Taoist forms.
42
Berger, Ulrich, and Ansgar Grüne. "Evolutionary Stability of Indirect Reciprocity by Image Scoring." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4087/1/wp168.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Indirect reciprocity describes a class of reputation-based mechanisms which may explain the prevalence of cooperation in groups where partners meet only once. The first model for which this has analytically been shown was the binary image scoring mechanism, where one's reputation is only based on one's last action. But this mechanism is known to fail if errors in implementation occur. It has thus been claimed that for indirect reciprocity to stabilize cooperation, reputation assessments must be of higher
order, i.e. contingent not only on past actions, but also on the reputations of the targets of these actions. We show here that this need not be the case. A simple image scoring
mechanism where more than just one past action is observed provides ample possibilities for stable cooperation to emerge even under substantial rates of implementation errors. (authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
43
Peeler, Bryan. "Expectations of reciprocity in the law of armed conflict." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59075.
Full textAbstract:
The expectation of reciprocity has a long history in international law generally and the law of armed conflict in particular. When negotiating international agreements states often include provisions allowing for negative in-kind responses as remedies for violations of treaty obligations. Historically, this kind of reciprocity has been central to the law of armed conflict. According to some, though, the purpose of the law of armed conflict has changed. Instead of a tool protecting the interests of states involved in armed conflict, the purpose of the law is now to limit the suffering of those caught in war-zones; both combatants and non-combatants alike. Under this conception, the expectation of reciprocity has no role to play when states consider their legal obligations towards their opponents in an armed conflict. Contrary to this view, I argue that an expectation of reciprocity continues to be an important factor when states consider their law of armed conflict obligations. First, by taking a more nuanced view of reciprocity than just negative in-kind responses, I show how expectations of reciprocity still exist within the law of armed conflict. Second, using Hart’s understanding of law as the union of primary and secondary rules, I demonstrate how states have preserved the expectation of reciprocity – both within the law as a secondary rule and beyond the law as a policy option – to respond in the face of continued non-compliance with law of armed conflict obligations by an opponent. Lastly, by taking the multi-actor setting of state decision-making seriously, I show how these more nuanced forms of reciprocity make themselves felt in debates about law of armed conflict obligations. The case studies of this dissertation concentrate on the Geneva Conventions and the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions. The first case study illustrates the many places where the law maintains expectations of reciprocity. The final two cases examine US policy regarding Prisoner of War obligations in the Vietnam War and the Global War on Terror to show how states make use of the more nuanced forms of reciprocity in these secondary rules in response to continued non-compliance by an enemy.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
44
Zarull, James Michael. "The 1911 Reciprocity Election in Westmorland County, New Brunswick." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ65532.pdf.
Full text
45
Visser, Martine. "Fairness, reciprocity and inequality : experimental evidence from South Africa /." Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4144.
Full text
46
Zarull, James Michael. "The 1911 Reciprocity Election in Westmorland County, New Brunswick." Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/442.
Full text
47
Hoffman, Alexander Mishra. "Missing reciprocity| High school principals' leadership capacities and accountabilities." Thesis, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621776.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine how a group of 12 public high school principals describe and understand the two elements of Elmore's (2006) principle of reciprocity in their practices (i.e., the accountabilities to which they are subject and the sources of development and support for their professional leadership capacities), using a grounded theory methodology. I used Seidman's (2006) three-interview structure for data collection, with each interview lasting from one to two and a half hours (totaling 60 hours). Through the eight major steps of my analysis (e.g., multiple coding passes, memoing, examination of matrices constructed from the data) of the interview transcripts and my field notes, I developed both descriptive and explanatory findings.
My descriptive findings included three typologies, which I inductively developed from what these principals shared with me. The first details 17 categories of leadership capacities. The second details 30 categories of accountors (i.e., to whom these principals feel accountable), grouped into 7 super-categories. The third details 45 categories of accountances (i.e., for what these principals feel accountable), grouped into 11 super-categories. I also discovered a critical 18th leadership capacity—a capacity for being held accountable.
My explanatory findings included four major learnings. First, interpersonal relationships are a key driver of accountability for these principals. Second, these principals are often active co-creators of their own accountabilities. Third, academics is not necessarily the focus of their most important accountabilities. Fourth, a shortage of capacity providers and the inappropriateness of expecting certain key accountors (e.g., students) to be capacity providers undermines the explanatory and predictive power of the principle of reciprocity for these principals.
These findings will help those interested in school leadership to better understand the complexities of the principalship. This will support current and aspiring principals' efforts to take a more active role in ensuring they are prepared for the principalship. It will help those involved in the preparation and support of principals to strategically target their efforts. Last, it will inform those who wish to use educational policy as a lever to improve our schools.
48
Bennett, Andrew. "John Keats and the reciprocity of Romantic narrative form." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329486.
Full text
49
Weng, Zhiquan. "Consumer Search and Firm-Worker Reciprocity: A Behavioral Approach." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281985969.
Full text
50
Gordon, Ellen R. "Exploring the Reciprocity of Attraction: Is the Truism True?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1427999962.
Full text