Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reciprocity

Academic literature on the topic 'Reciprocity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Reciprocity"

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Schweinfurth, Manon K., and Josep Call. "Reciprocity: Different behavioural strategies, cognitive mechanisms and psychological processes." Learning & Behavior 47, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 284–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-019-00394-5.

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Abstract Reciprocity is probably one of the most debated theories in evolutionary research. After more than 40 years of research, some scientists conclude that reciprocity is an almost uniquely human trait mainly because it is cognitively demanding. Others, however, conclude that reciprocity is widespread and of great importance to many species. Yet, it is unclear how these species reciprocate, given its apparent cognitive complexity. Therefore, our aim was to unravel the psychological processes underlying reciprocity. By bringing together findings from studies investigating different aspects of reciprocity, we show that reciprocity is a rich concept with different behavioural strategies and cognitive mechanisms that require very different psychological processes. We reviewed evidence from three textbook examples, i.e. the Norway rat, common vampire bat and brown capuchin monkey, and show that the species use different strategies and mechanisms to reciprocate. We continue by examining the psychological processes of reciprocity. We show that the cognitive load varies between different forms of reciprocity. Several factors can lower the memory demands of reciprocity such as distinctiveness of encounters, memory of details and network size. Furthermore, there are different information operation systems in place, which also vary in their cognitive load due to assessing the number of encounters and the quality and quantity of help. We conclude that many species possess the psychological processes to show some form of reciprocity. Hence, reciprocity might be a widespread phenomenon that varies in terms of strategies and mechanisms.
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Deng, Yingli, Cynthia S. Wang, Federico Aime, Long Wang, Niro Sivanathan, and Yun Chung (Karina) Kim. "Culture and Patterns of Reciprocity: The Role of Exchange Type, Regulatory Focus, and Emotions." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 47, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167220913694.

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Reciprocity is a fundamental mechanism for sustained social relationships. Escalation-based theories suggest that reciprocity intensifies over time. In contrast, equity-based theories propose that people reciprocate behaviors in kind. We reconcile these conflicting perspectives by examining social exchanges across different cultural contexts. Using three complementary experiments, we investigate when, how, and why individuals in East Asian settings and those in North American settings differentially reciprocate positive versus negative behaviors over time. Study 1 demonstrated that in positively framed exchanges (i.e., giving) Americans escalated their reciprocity, but Singaporeans reciprocated in kind. However, in negatively framed exchanges (i.e., taking), Singaporeans escalated their reciprocity, but Americans reciprocated in kind. Study 2 replicated the results using Hong Kongers and showed that cultural differences in regulatory focus were associated with specific emotions (i.e., anxiety and happiness), which then escalated reciprocity. To establish causality, Study 3 manipulated regulatory focus within one culture and replicated the pattern of results.
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Umetani, Ryohei, Hitoshi Yamamoto, Akira Goto, Isamu Okada, and Eizo Akiyama. "Individuals reciprocate negative actions revealing negative upstream reciprocity." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 5, 2023): e0288019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288019.

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Indirect reciprocity is widely recognized as a mechanism for explaining cooperation and can be divided into two sub-concepts: downstream and upstream reciprocity. Downstream reciprocity is supported by reputation; if someone sees you helping someone else, the person who sees this will think higher of you, and you will be more likely to be helped. Upstream reciprocity is helping someone because you are being helped by somebody else, which often happens in everyday life and experimental games. This paper focuses on the behavior of “take” and examines negative upstream reciprocity using an upstream reciprocity framework. The term “take” is defined as “to steal rather than give resources to others.” “If something is taken from you, do you take from others?” is an important extension for indirect reciprocity research; subsequently, this paper discusses experiments conducted on whether negative upstream reciprocity is chained and what causes it. The results demonstrated differences between positive and negative upstream reciprocity. In analyzing the data of nearly 600 participants to determine the extent to which negative upstream reciprocity is observed and the causes of negative upstream reciprocity, the study found that If individual A takes resources from individual B, then B is more likely to take resources from a third-party, individual C. Notably, some causes of positive upstream reciprocity were found to have no effect or the opposite effect on negative upstream reciprocity. The results also demonstrate that the first person to take can cause a chain reaction. This paper demonstrates the importance of the first person not taking from someone else and suggests the need to consider various behavioral options for future research on cooperation.
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Fujisawa, Keiko K., Nobuyuki Kutsukake, and Toshikazu Hasegawa. "Reciprocity of prosocial behavior in Japanese preschool children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 2 (March 2008): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407084055.

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This study investigated the reciprocity of prosocial behavior among 3- and 4-year-old Japanese preschool children during free-play time. Matrix correlation tests revealed positive correlations between the frequencies of object offering given and received within dyads and between the frequencies of helping given and received within dyads. These results suggest that young children reciprocate prosocial behavior spontaneously. Positive correlations were also found between the frequencies of object offering and helping behavior exchanged within dyads, suggesting that children exchanged the two types of prosocial behaviors (i.e., “interchanged”). The interchange was independent of both reciprocity within object offering and reciprocity within helping behavior in 4-year-olds. Friends reciprocated object offerings more frequently than non-friends, suggesting that friendship affects the quantitative aspect of reciprocity. These data provide refined evidence of reciprocity among children and also suggest that reciprocity becomes more complicated as children grow older.
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Reuben, Ernesto, and Sigrid Suetens. "Instrumental Reciprocity as an Error." Games 9, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g9030066.

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We study the strategies used by experimental subjects in repeated sequential prisoners’ dilemma games to identify the underlying motivations behind instrumental reciprocity, that is, reciprocation of cooperation only if there is future interaction. Importantly, we designed the games so that instrumental reciprocity is a mistake for payoff-maximizing individuals irrespective of their beliefs. We find that, despite the fact that instrumental reciprocity is suboptimal, it is one of the most frequently used cooperative strategies. Moreover, although the use of instrumental reciprocity is sensitive to the costs of deviating from the payoff-maximizing strategy, these costs alone cannot explain the high frequency with which subjects choose to reciprocate instrumentally.
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Arai, Sakura, Motoki Watabe, Kei Kanari, Qiulu Shou, Frank Krueger, and Haruto Takagishi. "Salivary Oxytocin Has Nonlinear Relationships with Trust and Reciprocity." Games 14, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g14010017.

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Oxytocin has been proposed to regulate human trust. Previous experiments supported this claim by demonstrating that exogenous and endogenous oxytocin is associated with trust (how much trust people place in strangers) and reciprocity (how much people reciprocate when trusted). However, recent replication attempts have been unsuccessful in demonstrating the trust-enhancing effect of oxytocin, and there is limited evidence on whether oxytocin is associated with reciprocity. This study aimed to replicate the previously found nonlinear relationships between the endogenous oxytocin concentration and both trust and reciprocity by utilizing a monetarily incentivized trust game. In a college sample, we found that salivary oxytocin levels showed (i) an inverted U-shaped relationship with trust in men and (ii) a U-shaped relationship with reciprocity in women. The current results confirm the previous finding that endogenous oxytocin levels have nonlinear relationships with trust and reciprocity. Further research on the role of oxytocin secretion in trust and reciprocity is warranted.
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Schmitt, Caroline. "'I Want to Give Something Back': Social Support and Reciprocity in the Lives of Young Refugees." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 37, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40690.

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This article analyzes the support relationships of 10 asylum-seeking young people who fled to Germany between 2010 and 2015. It highlights their wish for reciprocity as a need in their country of destination and expands upon Sahlin’s typology of reciprocal relationships (generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity) by the type of “refused reciprocity.” “Refused reciprocity” occurs when people are keen to reciprocate for support they have received, but they live in environments that restrict their agency. The article argues that participation means not only provision of support, but creation of opportunities for people to experience themselves as self-effective actors. They become self-effective when they can cope successfully with new and difficult situations on their own.
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Gove, Dianne, Neil Small, Murna Downs, and Myrra Vernooij-Dassen. "General practitioners’ perceptions of the stigma of dementia and the role of reciprocity." Dementia 16, no. 7 (January 11, 2016): 948–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301215625657.

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A qualitative exploration of the stigma of dementia reported that general practitioners described lack of reciprocity as one way in which people with dementia are perceived within society. This was closely linked to their perception of dementia as a stigma. In this article, we explore whether general practitioners perceive people with dementia as lacking reciprocity and, if so, if this is linked with societal opinions about dementia as a stigma. The implications of both perceptions of people with dementia failing to reciprocate and of stigma for timely diagnosis are explored. Our approach is to follow the thread of reciprocity in the data from our initial study. In this follow-up study, general practitioners’ perceptions of societal views of people with dementia included a perception of a lack of reciprocity specifically linked with; failing to respond to human contact, the absence of an appropriate return on social investment and failing to contribute to, or being a burden on, society. General practitioners reported a link between societal perceptions of lack of reciprocity and stereotypes about advanced dementia, difficulties communicating with people with dementia, and lack of opportunities for people with dementia to reciprocate. General practitioners occupy a key position, they can challenge stereotypes and, with support and targeted training about communicating with people living with dementia, can emphasize the ways in which people with dementia can communicate, thereby enhancing their potential to reciprocate. Such changes have implications for improved care and quality of life through the continued maintenance of social inclusion and perceptions of personhood.
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Gilliam, David A., and Steven W. Rayburn. "Propensity for reciprocity among frontline employees." Journal of Services Marketing 30, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-05-2015-0194.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine how other-regarding personality traits relate to reciprocity among frontline employees (FLEs). Design/methodology/approach Other-regarding personality variables were used to model the propensity for reciprocity and actual reciprocal behaviors with coworkers. Surveys of 276 FLEs were examined via structural equations modeling. Findings Other-regarding personality traits proved to be antecedents of reciprocity. Cynicism was particularly interesting in that it was positively related to reciprocity contrary to findings in other research. Research limitations/implications Among the interesting findings relating personality to reciprocity are a more affective type of reciprocity based on empathy and altruism, and a more calculative type based on cynicism related to Machiavellianism. Practical implications Managers can use the effects of personality traits on reciprocity and cooperation to hire and place FLEs in ways that provide superior service and increased profits. Social implications This paper indicates that certain individuals who might not typically be thought of as cooperative can in fact reciprocate. Specific ideas about cynicism and Machiavellian reciprocity in FLEs are discussed. Originality/value The findings will aid researchers and managers in understanding personality and FLEs cooperation. The findings on cynicism are particularly valuable in that they contradict some earlier research and commonly held managerial ideas.
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Romano, Angelo, and Daniel Balliet. "Reciprocity Outperforms Conformity to Promote Cooperation." Psychological Science 28, no. 10 (September 6, 2017): 1490–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617714828.

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Evolutionary psychologists have proposed two processes that could give rise to the pervasiveness of human cooperation observed among individuals who are not genetically related: reciprocity and conformity. We tested whether reciprocity outperformed conformity in promoting cooperation, especially when these psychological processes would promote a different cooperative or noncooperative response. To do so, across three studies, we observed participants’ cooperation with a partner after learning (a) that their partner had behaved cooperatively (or not) on several previous trials and (b) that their group members had behaved cooperatively (or not) on several previous trials with that same partner. Although we found that people both reciprocate and conform, reciprocity has a stronger influence on cooperation. Moreover, we found that conformity can be partly explained by a concern about one’s reputation—a finding that supports a reciprocity framework.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reciprocity"

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Falk, Armin. "Reciprocity and wage formation /." Aachen : Shaker Verl, 1999. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00000633.pdf.

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Diekmann, Andreas, and Thomas Voss. "Social norms and reciprocity." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-208162.

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In a norm game, under certain conditions, there exist Nash equilibria of mutual cooperation. Experimental work demonstrates that even in one-shot situations the level and proportion of cooperative behavior increases if an punishment option is available to the players of a public goods game. It is therefore important to analyze conditions such that this is consistent with a rational choice approach. The paper is meant as a first step toward this task. The main result will be that nonstandard assumptions about human motivations or preferences can explain norms with sanctions even in one-shot situations. This is shown by an analysis of the norm game with two well-known recent models of fairness from behavioral game theory.
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Wallace, Fred Clarence III. "Reciprocity- a Design Thesis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36585.

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There are two objects to which this book points: One- a process in which both the designer and the designed take part. The process was "sensed" in the making of the book itself, and the thesis was named. The book is at once an expression of this process, and a part of the process expressed. Its nature is a result of a relationship described as reciprocal. The other- a building. In designing an addition to the Blacksburg Virginia Middle School, thoughts about light and surface, ground and figure, earth and sky guided decisions made in the process. The result is regarded as both created and discovered.
Master of Architecture
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Deal, Thomas J. "Reciprocity in vector acoustics." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/52968.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Reissued 30 May 2017 with Second Reader’s non-NPS affiliation added to title page.
The scalar reciprocity equation commonly stated in underwater acoustics relates pressure fields and monopole sources. It is often used to predict the pressure measured by a hydrophone for multiple source locations by placing a source at the hydrophone location and calculating the field everywhere for that source. That method, however, does not work when calculating the orthogonal components of the velocity field measured by a fixed receiver. This thesis derives a vector-scalar reciprocity equation that accounts for both monopole and dipole sources. This equation can be used to calculate individual components of the received vector field by altering the source type used in the propagation calculation. This enables a propagation model to calculate the received vector field components for an arbitrary number of source locations with a single model run for each received field component instead of requiring one model run for each source location. Application of the vector-scalar reciprocity principle is demonstrated with analytic solutions for a range-independent environment and with numerical solutions for a range-independent and a range-dependent environment using a parabolic equation model.
Electronics Engineer, Naval Undersea Warfare Center
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Fard, Shahrad Nasrolahi. "Is reciprocity a foundation of international law or whether international law creates reciprocity?" Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/d749591e-1f9b-4d7b-a43a-3dc7ef062b15.

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The absence of a powerful uniform legal authority, to enforce international law and international agreements, has placed reciprocity in a pivotal position in inter-State relations and the extent to which States rely on reciprocity. This thesis examines the significance of reciprocity and the extent to which reciprocity manifests itself in international law, more specifically is this manifestation a foundation of international law or whether international law creates reciprocity. The present work argues how reciprocity in international law is a multifaceted concept. On the one side it is a principal tool incentivising States away from wrongful acts, and to abide by their obligations; alternatively it is a tool for establishing the right to a reciprocal response. Thus the study sets out to explore how international law shapes the international community’s interactions and how, in turn, these interactions shape international law. Considering the important role that the rule of law plays in the context of international law, the thesis aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the rule of law particularly in its relationship with international law. This analysis will provide a useful discussion on the interactions between the rule of law and reciprocity. The United Nations was established to enhance co-operation amongst the international community with the goal of maintaining international peace and security. This thesis will explore the role of reciprocity in international law on enhancing international commitment and international co-operation. The significance of this lies in reciprocal and ‘remedial’ options in international law that maintain States’ commitment to international obligations which in turn develops friendly relations and international co-operation. This thesis will aim to contribute to scholarly works to bridge the existing gap in interdisciplinary studies exploring the connection between reciprocity, co-operation and the rule of law in the realm of international law.
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Gee, Alice Chia Ping. "Class fields by Shimura reciprocity." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/58381.

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Johnson, James. "Seismic wavefield reconstruction using reciprocity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44063.

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The primary focus of most reflection seismic surveys is to help locate hydro-carbon recourses. Due to an ever increasing scarcity of these re- courses, we must increase the size and quality of our seismic surveys. How- ever, processing such large seismic data volumes to accurately recover earth properties is a painstaking and computationally intensive process. Due to the way reflection seismic surveys are conducted there are often holes in the collected data, where traces are not recorded. This can be due to physical or cost constraints. For some of the initial stages of process- ing these missing traces are of little consequence. However processes like multiple prediction and removal, interferometric ground roll prediction, and migration require densely sampled data on a regular grid. Thus the need to interpolate undersampled data cannot be ignored. Using the fact that reflection seismic data sets obey a reciprocal relation- ship in source and receiver locations, combined with recent advances in the field of compressed sensing, we show that properly regularized the wavefield reconstruction problem can be solved with a high degree of accuracy. We exploit the compressible nature of seismic data in the curvelet domain to solve regularized l1 recovery problems that seek to match the measured data and enforce the above mentioned reciprocity. Using our method we were able to achieve results with a 20.45 dB sig- nal to noise ratio when reconstructing a marine data set that had 50% of its traces decimated. This is a 13.44 dB improvement over using the same method run without taking reciprocity into account.
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Li, Danyang. "Organ Donation, Trust and Reciprocity." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/econ_diss/93.

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This dissertation consists of three chapters that focus on topics in fields of experimental economics and health economics. The first chapter, “Do I Care if You Know I Betrayed You?” , examines how concern for others’ disutility from betrayal can affect the decision to repay trust in the trust game. We use a laboratory experiment to compare trustees’ behavior when betrayal is obfuscated to an identical monetary payoffs situation where betrayal is revealed. We find that more trustees choose to defect in our experiment when betrayal is obfuscated than when it is revealed. Our result suggests that concern for betrayal costs influences not only the decision to trust but also the decision to repay trust. The second chapter, “Increasing Organ Donation via Changes in the Default Choice or Allocation Rule”, utilizes a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative public policies targeted at increasing the rate of deceased donor organ donation. The experiment includes treatments across different default choices and organ allocation rules inspired by the donor registration systems applied in different countries. Our results indicate that the opt-out with priority rule system generates the largest increase in organ donation relative to an opt-in only program. However, sizeable gains are achievable using either a priority rule or opt-out program separately, with the opt-out rule generating approximately 80% of the benefits achieved under a priority rule program. The third chapter, “Improving the Approach to Organ Donor Registration”, proposes to improve organ donor registry by providing a persuasive message with the registration request. I designed a laboratory experiment to examine the impact of the persuasive message on donation decisions. The results indicate that the persuasive message has a positive impact on donation decisions in the early rounds of the experiment. Subjects were about 21 percent more likely to register as a donor in round 1 of the experiment when they were provided with a persuasive message. This behavioral difference across treatment decreased as subjects played more rounds, since subjects in the control treatment learned the information in the persuasive message through playing the game. We further find this treatment effect is mainly from subjects who are not organ donors in real life, while the treatment effect is very small for those who are self-reported organ donors.
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Martinez, II Roberto. "Singularities, Supersymmetry and Combinatorial Reciprocity." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10093.

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This work illustrates a method to investigate certain smooth, codimension-two, real submanifolds of spheres of arbitrary odd dimension (with complements that fiber over the circle) using a novel supersymmetric quantum invariant. Algebraic (fibered) links, including Brieskorn-Pham homology spheres with exotic differentiable structure, are examples of said manifolds with a relative diffeomorphism-type that is determined by the corresponding (multivariate) Alexander polynomial.
Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Hall, James. "A theory of communal reciprocity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff1abf95-3355-4066-8976-08ae97a999bb.

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This thesis sets out an interpretation of the value of community that I call communal reciprocity. It charts the history of that ideal, analyses its use in the work of an important academic proponent, G.A. Cohen, and develops a more comprehensive account of its main features. It also discusses the implications of communal reciprocity, including whether or not it conflicts with certain freedom-based concerns and its application, including in the assessment of market economies.
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Books on the topic "Reciprocity"

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Komary, David. Reciprocity. Wien: Schlebrügge.Editor, 2017.

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Becker, LawrenceC. Reciprocity. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986.

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Becker, Lawrence C. Reciprocity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

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Oregon. State Board of Licensed Professional Counselors and Therapists., ed. Reciprocity. Salem, OR: Oregon Board of Licensed Professional Counselors & Therapists, 1997.

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Lemmermeyer, Franz. Reciprocity Laws. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12893-0.

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Perko, Taylor, and Ernest Baskin. Reciprocity Theory. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071904008.

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Carpenter, Jeffrey P. Social reciprocity. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Association, Ontario Liberal. The Fielding reciprocity. [Toronto?: s.n., 1995.

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Achenbach, J. D. Reciprocity in elastodynamics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Virginia and Virginia. Virginia reciprocity agreements. Richmond, Va: Dept. of Motor Vehicles, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reciprocity"

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Kelen, Andras. "Reciprocity." In International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_113-1.

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Stull, Edward. "Reciprocity." In UX Fundamentals for Non-UX Professionals, 165–69. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3811-0_25.

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Beck, Matthias, and Sinai Robins. "Reciprocity." In Computing the Continuous Discretely, 89–100. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2969-6_4.

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Binmore, Ken. "Reciprocity." In Crooked Thinking or Straight Talk?, 71–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39547-6_4.

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Baudenbacher, Carl. "Reciprocity." In The Fundamental Principles of EEA Law, 35–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45189-3_3.

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Dell, Edmund. "Reciprocity." In The Politics of Economic Interdependence, 232–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18874-1_17.

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Schwarzschild, Roger. "Reciprocity." In Pluralities, 103–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2704-4_6.

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Sugden, Robert. "Reciprocity." In The Economics of Rights, Co-operation and Welfare, 108–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230536791_6.

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Sieger, Lynette E. "Reciprocity." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 931–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_757.

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Owomoyela, Oyedan. "Reciprocity." In Encyclopedia of African Religions and Philosophy, 595–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2068-5_326.

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Conference papers on the topic "Reciprocity"

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Guo, Cheng, and Shanhui Fan. "Lorentz Reciprocity's Constraints on Reflection." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.fth3c.3.

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We reveal Lorentz reciprocity's constraints on reflection. We determine all attainable reflection coefficients of n-port scattering matrices with prescribed singular values, with and without assuming reciprocity. Their difference establishes the reciprocity constraints.
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Guo, Cheng, and Shanhui Fan. "Lorentz Reciprocity’s Constraints on Reflection." In CLEO: Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fw4c.6.

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We reveal Lorentz reciprocity’s constraints on reflection. We determine all attainable reflection coefficients of n-port scattering matrices with prescribed singular values, with and without assuming reciprocity. Their difference establishes the reciprocity constraints.
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Zhu, Feng, Sandra Carpenter, Ajinkya Kulkarni, and Swapna Kolimi. "Reciprocity attacks." In the Seventh Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2078827.2078839.

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Fesenko, Ivan. "Local reciprocity cycles." In Higher local fields. Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/gtm.2000.3.293.

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Nyitrai, T. F., F. Hron, and M. Razavy. "Seismic reciprocity revisited." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1826543.

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Aldridge, David F., and Neill P. Symons. "Seismic reciprocity rules." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1816548.

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ZALESAK, JF. "TRANSFER COUPLER RECIPROCITY." In Calibration and Measurement in Underwater Acoustics 2003. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/18065.

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Swainson, A. J. G. "Reciprocity in electromagnetic shielding." In IEE Seminar on Shielding and Grounding. IEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20000087.

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Karami, M., and M. A. Fiddy. "Exploiting reciprocity for imaging." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Philip J. Bones, Michael A. Fiddy, and Rick P. Millane. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2188875.

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Mtsuoka, Toshifumi, and Teruya Ezaka. "Ray tracing on reciprocity." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1889898.

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Reports on the topic "Reciprocity"

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Aldridge, David F. Electromagnetic Reciprocity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164982.

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Dalmia, Prateik, Allan Drazen, and Erkut Ozbay. Reciprocity versus Reelection. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27301.

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Roopa, Vasudevan. Solidarity, Reciprocity, Distribution. Just Tech, Social Science Research Council, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3027.d.2022.

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Finan, Frederico, and Laura Schechter. Vote-Buying and Reciprocity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17411.

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Herbig, Katherine L., and Peter R. Nelson. Reciprocity: A Progress Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421804.

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Neill, Duff. Fragmentation and Space-Time Reciprocity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1897394.

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Rakutko, S. A., and E. N. Rakutko. THE VERIFICATION OF RECIPROCITY LAW IN LETTUCE GROWING. Инновации в сельском хозяйстве, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2018-11990.

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Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, Nora Lamersdorf, and Farzad Saidi. Social Interactions in Pandemics: Fear, Altruism, and Reciprocity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27134.

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Cárdenas, Juan Camilo, Alberto E. Chong, and Hugo R. Ñopo. To What Extent do Latin Americans Trust and Cooperate?: Field Experiments on Social Exclusion In Six Latin American Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010887.

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Abstract:
This paper explores the extent to which individuals trust, reciprocate, cooperate and pool risk by using a battery of field experiments containing the trust game, the voluntary contributions mechanism and the risk pooling game; applied in six capital cities in Latin America. The results suggest that: (i) on average, the propensity to trust and cooperate among Latin Americans is remarkably similar to that found in other regions of the world; (ii) expectations about the behavior of other players are the main driver of trust, reciprocity and cooperation; and (iii) behaviors involving socialization, trust and cooperation are closely interconnected.
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DAI, YANG, ALEXEY B. BORISOV, JAMES W. LONGWORTH, KEITH BOYER, and CHARLES K. RHODES. Quadratic Reciprocity and the Group Orders of Particle States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/782710.

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