Journal articles on the topic 'Recipient value'
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Zhang, Can, Atalay Atasu, Turgay Ayer, and L. Beril Toktay. "Truthful Mechanisms for Medical Surplus Product Allocation." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22, no. 4 (July 2020): 735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2018.0770.
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Problem definition: We analyze a resource allocation problem faced by medical surplus recovery organizations (MSROs) that recover medical surplus products to fulfill the needs of underserved healthcare facilities in developing countries. The objective of this study is to identify implementable strategies to support recipient selection decisions to improve MSROs’ value provision capability. Academic/practical relevance: MSRO supply chains face several challenges that differ from those in traditional for-profit settings, and there is a lack of both academic and practical understanding of how to better match supply with demand in this setting where recipient needs are typically private information. Methodology: We propose a mechanism design approach to determine which recipient to serve at each shipping opportunity based on recipients’ reported preference rankings of different products. Results: We find that when MSRO inventory information is shared with recipients, the only truthful mechanism is random selection among recipients, which defeats the purpose of eliciting information. Subsequently, we show that (1) eliminating inventory information provision enlarges the set of truthful mechanisms, thereby increasing the total value provision; and (2) further withholding information regarding other recipients leads to an additional increase in total value provision. Finally, we show that under a class of implementable mechanisms, eliciting recipient valuations has no value added beyond eliciting preference rankings. Managerial implications: (1) MSROs with large recipient bases and low inventory levels can significantly improve their value provision by appropriately determining the recipients to serve through a simple scoring mechanism; (2) to truthfully elicit recipient needs information to support the recipient selection decisions, MSROs should withhold inventory and recipient-base information; and (3) under a set of easy-to-implement scoring mechanisms, it is sufficient for MSROs to elicit recipients’ preference ranking information. Our findings have already led to a change in the practice of an award-winning MSRO.
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Ozieranski, Piotr, Marcell Csanádi, Emily Rickard, and Shai Mulinari. "Under-reported relationship: a comparative study of pharmaceutical industry and patient organisation payment disclosures in the UK (2012–2016)." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e037351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037351.
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ObjectivesTo examine the under-reporting of pharmaceutical company payments to patient organisations by donors and recipients.DesignComparative descriptive analysis of payments disclosed on drug company and charity regulator websites.SettingUK.Participants87 donors (drug companies) and 425 recipients (patient organisations) reporting payments in 2012–2016.Main outcome measuresNumber and value of payments reported by donors and recipients; differences in reported payments from/to the same donors and recipients; payments reported in either dataset but not the other one; agreement between donor–recipient ties established by payments; overlap between donor and recipient lists and, respectively, industry and patient organisation data.ResultsOf 87 donors, 63 (72.4%) reported payments but 84 (96.6%) were mentioned by recipients. Although donors listed 425 recipients, only 200 (47.1%) reported payments. The number and value of payments reported by donors were 259.8% and 163.7% greater than those reported by recipients, respectively. The number of donors with matching payment numbers and values in both datasets were 3.4% and 0.0%, respectively; for recipients these figures were 7.8% and 1.9%. There were 24 and 3 donors missing from industry and patient organisation data during the entire study period, representing 38.1% and 3.6% of those in the respective datasets. The share of donor–recipient ties in which industry and patient organisation data agreed about donors and recipients was 38.9% and 68.4% in each dataset, respectively. Of 63 donors reporting payments, only 3 (4.8%) had their recipient lists fully overlapping with patient organisation data. Of 200 recipients reporting industry funding, 102 (51.0%) had their donor lists fully overlapping with industry data.ConclusionsBoth donors and recipients under-reported payments. Existing donor and recipient disclosure systems cannot manage potential conflicts of interest associated with industry payments. Increased standardisation could limit the under-reporting by each side but only an integrated donor–recipient database could eliminate it.
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Keefe, Janice M., and Pamela J. Fancey. "Work and Eldercare: Reciprocity Between Older Mothers and Their Employed Daughters." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 21, no. 2 (2002): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800001495.
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ABSTRACTThis research broadens the understanding of the relationship between paid work and caregiving by including the contribution of the older “care recipient”. Using selected aspects of social exchange theory and a life course perspective, the importance of giving and receiving for caregivers and care recipients is explored through analyses of focus groups with employed women and interviews with their older mothers. The mothers and daughters focus on the time when they are most indebted to each other. The daughter's employment affects the type and value of contributions from care recipients. The mother's past assistance with housework and caring for children is greatly valued by the daughters. For care recipients, however, being reliant on a busy employee for their care has negative consequences. The mothers emphasize the current situation and under-estimate their past helping. Further research should consider the care recipient's perspective to obtain a broader understanding of the impact of the caregiver's employment in caregiving relationships.
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Kornblit, Brian, Tao Wang, Stephanie J. Lee, Stephen R. Spellman, Xiaochun Zhu, Katharina Fleischhauer, Carlheinz Müller, et al. "The Prognostic Value of YKL-40 in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1176.1176.
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Abstract Although allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a treatment option for a variety of malignant hematologic diseases, complications such as graft versus host disease (GVHD), infections and relapse are still major causes of morbidity and mortality. Prognostic scores such as the disease risk index and the HCT comorbidity index have proven useful in predicting relapse and treatment related mortality (TRM). However, to appropriately balance the likelihood of disease control against the risk of debilitating complications, still more accurate pretransplant markers are necessary to predict outcome. YKL-40 (chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1)) is mainly secreted by cancer cells, macrophage and neutrophils. YKL-40 regulates vascular endothelial growth factor and has a role in angiogenesis and inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. High plasma YKL-40 levels have been associated with poor prognosis in patients with different types of cancers and inflammatory diseases A previous study in HCT found that YKL-40 >95% age-adjusted level in recipients was associated with relapse and lower disease-free and overall survival. High YKL-40 levels in donors were associated with more grade II-IV acute GVHD. We investigated the prognostic value of pre-transplant plasma YKL-40 in a validation cohort of 784 recipients and donors undergoing allogeneic HCT for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n=626) or myelodysplastic syndrome (n=158) (MDS) with 8/8 matched unrelated donors after myeloablative (n=566) or reduced intensity (n=218) conditioning. Transplantations were facilitated through the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) and data collection and analysis were performed under the auspices of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). Samples were provided by the NMDP/CIBMTR and obtained pre-transplant from recipients and prior to mobilization from donors. P<0.05 was considered significant for validation of previous observations. Mean recipient pre-transplant YKL-40 plasma concentrations were elevated in patients with HCT-comorbidity index (CI) scores ≥5 (HCT-CI 0: n=266, 106 (range 20-1446) ng/ml; HCT-CI 1-2: n= 244, 105 (range 20-1176) ng/ml; HCT-CI 3-4: n= 206, 106 (range 20-636) ng/ml; HCT-CI ≥5: n=68, 171 (range 20-4644) ng/ml; p<0.04). There was no difference (p=0.91) in YKL-40 concentrations between recipients with AML (111 (range 20-4644) ng/ml) and MDS (113 (range 20-714) ng/ml). There was no association between recipient YKL-40 concentrations and cytogenetics or AML disease status (first complete remission versus beyond first remission). In addition, MDS YKL-40 concentrations did not significantly increase with successively worse cytogenetics (p=0.67), IPSS (p=0.72) or Karnofsky score (p=0.86). Recipient YKL-40 levels above the age-adjusted 95% percentile were not associated with any outcomes (p>0.198). Donor YKL-40 levels >95% was associated with acute GVHD II-IV (HR 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.92, p=0.0466) as observed in the previous study. There was no association between donor YKL-40 and other outcomes. When age-adjusted YKL-40 percentile was used as a continuous variable, recipient and donor pre-transplant elevated YKL-40 were not associated with any outcomes (p>0.088). Analyses were also conducted to investigate the impact of extremely low and high YKL-40 level expression and no associations were observed. In contrast to the prior study no association between recipient pre-transplant YKL-40 concentrations and clinical outcome were observed. However, in agreement with the previous study, donor YKL-40 concentrations were associated with increased acute GVHD, suggesting that donors with a higher degree of inflammation prior to mobilization could increase risk of post transplant complications. However, this did not translate into increased risk of TRM. Although it is not known whether the associations between YKL-40 and outcome are causal or just bystander effects, our observations suggest that an inflammatory biomarker, such as YKL-40, that potentially defines a higher-risk donor population could be a valuable tool complementing clinical risk scores in HCT. In conclusion, age adjusted YKL-40 levels in the donor, but not recipient, were a prognostic indicator for acute GVHD risk in this population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Isa, Sakiru Oyetunji, Olajide Buhari, Muminat Adeniran-Isa, Mahin Khan, Hafiz Khan, Raghunandan Konda, Hameem Changezi, and Luis Afonso. "In-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions in cardiac allograft recipients." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212199329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312121993290.
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Introduction: The average age and survival of heart transplant recipients have improved significantly over the last 10 years. In these long-term survivors, coronary allograft vasculopathy is one of the most common causes of death. There is a paucity of large-data research highlighting the short-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions in cardiac allograft recipients. Methods: We compared the in-hospital outcomes of heart transplant recipient and non-transplant recipients following percutaneous coronary intervention using data from the National inpatient sample (NIS). All adult patients (age ⩾ 18 years) who had percutaneous coronary intervention in the index admissions from January of 2005 to December of 2014 were included in the analysis. They were then divided into two groups based on their heart transplant status. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were stroke, cardiac arrest, duration of hospitalization, and total hospital charges. Logistic regression models were used to compare in-hospital outcomes between the two groups. Results: Of 1,316,528 patients who had percutaneous coronary intervention, 618 (0.05%) were heart transplant recipients and 1,315,910 (99.95%) were not. The heart transplant recipient group was significantly younger with lower rates of obesity and peripheral vascular disease but higher rate of chronic kidney disease, iron deficiency anemia, and chronic liver disease. There was significantly higher in-hospital mortality in transplant recipients below 65 years of age (adjusted odds ration = 2.3, p value < 0.0001). Subjects in the heart transplant recipient group also had longer hospital stays ( p value = 0.002). Conclusion: Heart transplant recipients younger than 65 years had higher in-hospital mortality. Subjects in the heart transplant recipient group were also younger and had longer duration of hospitalization than the non-transplant cohorts.
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Chirawattanakij, Suphong, and Vichita Vathanophas Ractham. "Enhancing knowledge adoption with recipients’ characteristics." Journal of Management Development 35, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-11-2014-0155.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to envisage human characteristics and resources as critical factors in the adoption process. While an individual’s intention to adopt knowledge is considered as the primary motivator in the adoption process, these characteristics, in the appropriate amount, can accelerate the recipients’ knowledge adoption behavior. In this study four personal characteristics, comprising shared language between a knowledge sender and a recipient, the recipient’s prior knowledge, the recipient’s enjoyment in adopting knowledge, and the recipient’s self-confidence have been chosen. Methodology – This research uses four human characteristics, consisting of shared language between knowledge senders and recipients, recipients’ prior knowledge, recipients’ enjoyment in knowledge adoption, and recipients’ self-confidence, to identify their optimal roles in the adoption process. Along with the intention to adopt new knowledge, each of these characteristics was tested in both forms. A survey was conducted with white collar workers. Nine models were designed and regression technique was used for analyzing data and interpreting outcomes of these models. Findings – This study reveals that shared language between a knowledge sender and a recipient as well as a recipient’s self-confidence to adopt new knowledge directly enhances the individual’s likelihood to start learning. Shared language and self-confidence perform better as mutual predictors, while prior knowledge and enjoyment are the moderators. Originality value – The research outcome is beneficial in the designing of organizational business strategies. Shared language between an instructor and a learner increases likelihood to adopt knowledge, thus it is advantageous to arrange prerequisite mandatory courses in order to enhance a learner’s language proficiencies. Organizations can leverage their employees’ prior knowledge if it is perceived to be low. To do so, supervisors should link eagerness in learning and augmenting competencies to career advancement. Advice from, and rapport with a supervisor is essential. Effective strategies can improve the knowledge sharing goals, and in turn achieve business objectives as a whole.
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Teipel, Raphael, Johannes Schetelig, Michael Kramer, Helmuth Schmidt, Alexander H. Schmidt, Christian Thiede, Kristina Hoelig, and Gerhard Ehninger. "Prediction of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Yield after Mobilization with GCSF in Healthy Unrelated Donors." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1128.1128.
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Abstract Introduction: The collection of hematopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood in healthy donors has been established as a highly efficient method in clinical practice. Nevertheless, there are some donors who mobilize poorly despite adequate mobilization regimes. Several factors influencing the process of stem cell mobilization have previously been discussed in the literature. Methods: In total, the data of 7.216 unrelated donors who underwent GCSF-induced stem cell mobilization and collection in two German apheresis centers between July 1997 and August 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. We systematically analyzed more than 30 factors with potential influence on the mobilization process and established a statistically stable model in order to predict the mobilization efficacy and the harvest success in unrelated stem cell donors. Based on empirical data and standard values, we created three model donors of each gender with different donor profiles (favorable/average/unfavorable). In those model donors we calculated the corresponding likelihood of a successful stem cell harvest dependent on the recipient’s weight. Results: Overall, ten variables with high statistical significance were included in the prediction model. Body mass index, platelet count, absolute lymphocyte count and the relative monocyte count correlated positively with the CD34+ count in the peripheral blood after five days of GCSF use (p < 0.0001 in a multivariate analysis). In contrast, female sex, age, smoking, lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), relative monocyte count, and the relative large unstained cell count were associated negatively with the CD34+ count on day five (p < 0.0001 in a multivariate analysis). In order to predict the harvest success (collection of > 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after first apheresis) three different models were compared in a ROC-analysis. The first model was purely based on female sex and recipient weight. The second model additionally contained the predicted CD34+ counts. Finally, in the third model the actual observed CD34+ counts were included. By adding the predicted CD34+ counts to the simple model, a significant improvement of the predictability of a harvest success could be viewed although a considerable difference comparing these results to the model with the observed CD34+ counts remained (figure 1). Furthermore, the prediction of harvest success in model donors (figure 2) revealed that donors with a favorable donor profile (covariates set to the most favorable values within the normal range) showed a particular high likelihood for a successful harvest (100 % likelihood, irrespective to donor’s gender or recipient’s weight). The likelihood for a successful harvest in male donors with an average distribution of covariates (covariates set to the empirical mean value) was nearly 100% as well even in donations for heavy recipients. Contrary, the likelihood for an average female donor was high in normal weight recipients (97 %; 60 kg recipient) but decreased with rising recipient weight (78 %; 140 kg recipient). In donors with an unfavorable profile (covariates set to the worst values within the normal range), especially in females, the chance for a successful stem cell collection was poor even when donating for light recipients (54 % in males, 10 % in females; 60 kg recipient). Conclusions: In conclusion, multiple factors with influence on the CD34+ count after GCSF mobilization in healthy donors have been identified. With the prediction model a significant gain in the predictability of a harvest success could be achieved though a certain amount of unexplained variance still remains. Model donors with a favorable or average donor profile had a high likelihood for a successful stem cell collection. In donors with an unfavorable profile, especially in females, the chance for a harvest success was very low. Figure 1: Prediction of harvest success (> 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after 1st apheresis) Figure 1:. Prediction of harvest success (> 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after 1st apheresis) Abb.: AUC – area under the curve Figure 2: Probability of harvest success in model donors (> 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after 1st apheresis) Figure 2:. Probability of harvest success in model donors (> 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight after 1st apheresis) Disclosures Schmidt: Cellex GmbH: Employment. Ehninger:Cellex GmbH: Equity Ownership. Off Label Use: G-CSF.
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Ruggeri, Loredana, Antonella Mancusi, Marusca Capanni, Elena Urbani, Alessandra Carotti, Teresa Aloisi, Martin Stern, et al. "Donor Natural Killer Cell Allorecognition of Missing Self in Haploidentical Hematopoietic Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Challenging Its Predictive Value." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.437.437.
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Abstract In haploidentical transplants that are KIR ligand mismatched in the GvH direction, functional donor NK-cells that express as their sole inhibitory receptor for self, a KIR for the HLA-class-I group which is absent in the recipient, sense the missing expression of the self class-I ligand on allogeneic targets and mediate alloreactions. In a limited series of transplants donor-vs-recipient NK-cell alloreactivity reduced the risk of AML relapse and markedly improved EFS (Ruggeri L, Science 2002). Here, we analyzed 112 AML patients transplanted from NK-alloreactive (n=51) or non-NK-alloreactive (n=61) haploidentical donors. NK-alloreactive donors possessed: HLA-class-I KIR ligand(s) which were missing in the recipients, KIR gene(s) for missing self recognition on recipient targets, and alloreactive NK-clones against recipient targets. Transplantation from NK-alloreactive donors was associated with: significantly lower relapse rate in patients transplanted in CR (3% vs 47%) (P<0.003); decrease infectious mortality which was more evident in patients transplanted in relapse (P=0.1); better EFS in patients transplanted in relapse (34% vs 6%, P=0.04) and in remission (67% vs 18%, P=0.02); reduced risk of relapse or death (relative risk vs non-NK-alloreactive donor: 0.48 [95% CI 0.29–0.78], P<0.001). Recently, an additional algorithm, termed the “missing ligand” model, has been proposed for predicting favorable outcomes not only in haploidentical (Leung W, JI 2004; JI 2005) but also in matched sibling (Hsu KC, Blood 2005) and in unrelated donor transplants (Hsu KC, BBMT 2006). The “missing-ligand” model includes all donor-recipient pairs in whom there is a mismatch between KIR(s) in the donor and HLA molecule(s) in the recipient. Consequently, the model includes all KIR ligand-mismatched transplants because they are all associated with a missing KIR ligand in the recipient, and KIR ligand-matched transplants from donors possessing “extra” KIR(s) for which neither donor nor recipient have HLA ligand(s). Therefore, in the same series of patients we tested the “missing ligand” model. The first step was to divide our 61 non-NK alloreactive (KIR ligand-matched) donor-recipient pairs according to the number of KIR ligands in donor and recipient, i.e., three KIR ligands (29 patients; 15 in remission, 14 in relapse at transplant) vs fewer than three (32 patients; 16 in remission, 16 in relapse at transplant). EFS did not differ in each sub-group. Both curves indicated worse survival than after transplantation from NK-alloreactive donors. The second step was to group the above 32 “missing ligand” transplants and all 51 KIR ligand-mismatched transplants (which corresponded to all our NK-alloreactive transplants). We analyzed EFS in this pool of 83 patients (46 in remission, 37 in relapse at transplant) against EFS in 29 patients with no missing ligand (15 in remission, 14 in relapse at transplant). No significant difference emerged. EFS in the “missing ligand” cohort was worse than after transplantation from NK-alloreactive donors. Therefore, the present analysis leaves no doubt that KIR ligand mismatches, i.e., donor NK cell recognition of “missing self” on recipient targets, are essential for triggering powerful NK cell alloreactions that impact beneficially on transplantation outcomes.
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Ruggeri, Loredana, Antonella Mancusi, Marusca Capanni, Elena Urbani, Alessandra Carotti, Teresa Aloisi, Martin Stern, et al. "Donor natural killer cell allorecognition of missing self in haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: challenging its predictive value." Blood 110, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-07-038687.
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We analyzed 112 patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (61 in complete remission [CR]; 51 in relapse), who received human leukocyte-antigen (HLA)–haploidentical transplants from natural killer (NK) alloreactive (n = 51) or non-NK alloreactive donors (n = 61). NK alloreactive donors possessed HLA class I, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligand(s) which were missing in the recipients, KIR gene(s) for missing self recognition on recipient targets, and alloreactive NK clones against recipient targets. Transplantation from NK-alloreactive donors was associated with a significantly lower relapse rate in patients transplanted in CR (3% versus 47%) (P > .003), better event-free survival in patients transplanted in relapse (34% versus 6%, P = .04) and in remission (67% versus 18%, P = .02), and reduced risk of relapse or death (relative risk versus non-NK-alloreactive donor, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29-0.78; P > .001). In all patients we tested the “missing ligand” model which pools KIR ligand mismatched transplants and KIR ligand-matched transplants from donors possessing KIR(s) for which neither donor nor recipient have HLA ligand(s). Only transplantation from NK-alloreactive donors is associated with a survival advantage.
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Ahmad, Ahmad Bayiz, Bangcheng Liu, and Atif Saleem Butt. "Scale development and construct clarification of change recipient proactivity." Personnel Review 49, no. 8 (January 2, 2020): 1619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-02-2019-0091.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a standardized, psychometrically sound instrument for the emerging construct of change recipient proactivity (CRP), using a deductive approach. Design/methodology/approach Using a systematic item-development framework as a guide (i.e. item generation, questionnaire administration, item reduction and scale evaluation) and based on a sample of 414 white-collar employees, this paper discusses the development and validation of an instrument that can be used to measure change recipient’s proactive behavioral responses to planned change efforts. Findings Results suggest that our proposed CRP scale is internally consistent (reliable) and valid in that it is conceptually distinct from, yet empirically correlated with neighboring constructs such as affective commitment to change, readiness for change and proactive personality. Research limitations/implications The findings illustrate that change recipients can demonstrate proactive behaviors in response to change efforts. However, this study’s contribution is only a first step, requiring further theoretical and methodological refinement of the scale in different contexts. Originality/value The deductive nature of our study resulted in a comprehensive and domain-specific scale assessing recipients’ proactive responses to organizational change efforts. This opens doors to empirical studies on examining the conditions under which change recipients “may” step outside the boundaries of passivity to respond positively and proactivity to organizational change efforts.
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Cherchi, Vittorio, Luigi Vetrugno, Giovanni Terrosu, Victor Zanini, Marco Ventin, Riccardo Pravisani, Francesco Tumminelli, et al. "Association between the donor to recipient ICG-PDR variation rate and the functional recovery of the graft after orthotopic liver transplantation: A case series." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): e0256786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256786.
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Background Despite current advances in liver transplant surgery, post-operative early allograft dysfunction still complicates the patient prognosis and graft survival. The transition from the donor has not been yet fully understood, and no study quantifies if and how the liver function changes through its transfer to the recipient. The indocyanine green dye plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR) is a simple validated tool of liver function assessment. The variation rate between the donor and recipient ICG-PDR still needs to be investigated. Materials and methods Single-center retrospective study. ICG-PDR determinations were performed before graft retrieval (T1) and 24 hours after transplant (T2). The ICG-PDR relative variation rate between T1 and T2 was calculated to assess the graft function and suffering/recovering. Matched data were compared with the MEAF model of graft dysfunction. Objective To investigate whether the variation rate between the donor ICG-PDR value and the recipient ICG-PDR measurement on first postoperative day (POD1) can be associated with the MEAF score. Results 36 ICG-PDR measurements between 18 donors and 18 graft recipients were performed. The mean donor ICG-PDR was 22.64 (SD 6.35), and the mean receiver’s ICG-PDR on 1st POD was 17.68 (SD 6.60), with a mean MEAF value of 4.51 (SD 1.23). Pearson’s test stressed a good, linear inverse correlation between the ICG-PDR relative variation and the MEAF values, correlation coefficient -0.580 (p = 0.012). Conclusion The direct correlation between the donor to recipient ICG-PDR variation rate and MEAF was found. Measurements at T1 and T2 showed an up- or downtrend of the graft performance that reflect the MEAF values.
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Hagihara, Atsushi, Fumiko Harada, and Hiromitsu Shimakawa. "Estimation of posture and prediction of the elderly getting out of bed using a body pressure sensor." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1208-1222.
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We propose an IoT support system for estimating the posture of the care recipient on the bed from the body pressure of the care recipient measured by a sheet-type body pressure sensor, and detecting the posture related to leaving the bed in real time. In addition, we propose a method that predicts getting out of the bed before the care recipient takes a posture related to getting out of the bed by considering the state transition. Intervention experiment showed that using body pressure features as an explanatory variable and applying machine learning, 16 types of postures on the bed of care recipients with an F value of 0.7 or more could be identified. From the experiment without intervention, by applying the hidden Markov model, we calculated the transition probability to each hidden state when the care recipient getting out of the bed and the transition probability to each hidden state when the care recipient not getting out of the bed. As a result, there was a difference of about 0.1 in the transition probability of the state related to raising upper body.
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Sucheston-Campbell, Lara E., Leah Preus, Marcelo C. Pasquini, Philip L. McCarthy, Kenan Onel, Xiaochun Zhu, Stephen R. Spellman, et al. "Combined Donor and Recipient Non-HLA Genotypes Show Evidence of Genome Wide Association with Transplant Related Mortality (TRM) after HLA-Matched Unrelated Donor Blood and Marrow Transplantation (URD-BMT) (DISCOVeRY-BMT study)." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.61.61.
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Abstract Transplant-related mortality (TRM) is the largest limiting factor to successful URD-BMT as curative therapy. Identification of non-HLA genetic factors in either recipients or donors could improve BMT outcomes through better matching at these loci. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS), named DISCOVeRY-BMT (Determining the Influence of Susceptibility COnveying Variants Related to one-Year mortality after BMT) of 1-year TRM in 3,532 patients treated for AML, ALL or MDS (recipients) reported to CIBMTR from 2000-2011 and their HLA-matched URD (donors); donor DNA was available for 98% of HCT recipients. Cohort 1 includes 2,240 donor-recipient pairs; patients received a 10/10 HLA URD-BMT from 2000-08. Cohort 2 includes 823 donor-recipient pairs; patients received either a 10/10 HLA URD-BMT from 2009-11 or 8/8 (but <10/10) HLA URD-BMT. Genotyping of recipient and donor DNA was performed using the Illumina HumanOmniExpress-24 BeadChip containing 729,293 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at University of Southern California. Due to the small number of non-European individuals, we report analyses of European American recipients only. After quality control, Cohort 1 includes 2,052 donor-recipient pairs and Cohort 2 includes 763 donor-recipient pairs typed at 637,655 SNPs. For each SNP, a shared genotype variable was created to capture donor-recipient allele sharing. The shared genotype was assigned a value of 0 if the recipient and donor have the same genotype at a given SNP and a value of 1 if they differ by 1 or 2 alleles. This idea, that a "matched" genotype can impact risk of TRM, is similar to the idea behind HLA matching. For all survival analyses we accommodated the competing risk of death due to disease; covariates including age, body mass index, and graft type (blood or marrow) were included in all analyses. Analyses of the shared genotype variable with TRM were run for all diseases together and excluding ALL (AML+MDS). P-values for each cohort were combined using METAL software with weights proportional to the square root of the number of cases. We report on results for combined P-value (Pmeta) <5 x 10-8. In analyses of AML+MDS donor-recipient pairs four typed SNPs, rs9884653, rs16850885, rs1246576 and rs10014791, spanning 865,040 base pairs in and near MTHFD2L and EPGN on chromosome 4q13.3 were significant at Pmeta <5 x 10-8; several SNPs in this region approach genome wide significance level. The most significant SNP, rs16850885 (P=7.6 x 10-7 in Cohort 1, P=6 x10-3 in Cohort 2, Pmeta =1.8 x 10-8) at 74,304,423 bp, places recipients who differ from their donors by at least one allele (5.2% of patients in Cohort 1 and 3.9% in Cohort 2) at a 2.6 fold increased risk of TRM (Tables 1 and 2). It is in perfect linkage disequilibrium (r2=1) with rs9884653 at 74,280,426 and rs10014791 at 75,145,466; rs1246576 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs16850885 (r2 =.91). All four SNPs shows hazard ratios (HRs) of similar magnitude across both cohorts for patients who differ from their donors by at least 1 allele. These SNPs are not associated with death due to disease in either cohort. The difference was not allele specific; of those patients who died of TRM with at least one allele difference approximately 50% of the donors provided the less common A allele (donor A/G or A/A with recipient G/G) and 50% of the recipients had the A allele (recipient A/G with a G/G donor). Analyses of the donors and recipients separately each show some evidence of association with the minor allele A at rs16850885 (Table 2), but it is patients who differ from their donors at this locus who have greatest risk of TRM. A previous GWAS showed that individuals with at least one copy of the A allele at rs16850885 have lower levels of secreted IL-1β following small pox vaccination compared with those who are homozygous GG (P=7.3 x 10-9). IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted early in the inflammatory response, may be contributing to the risk of TRM through the combination of initiation and maintenance of host tissue inßammation and donor cell inßammatory response. Our study, DISCOVeRY-BMT, is the largest GWAS of TRM HLA-matched URD-BMT. Further confirmation of these findings in a third cohort may aid in donor selection. Disclosures Sucheston-Campbell: NIH/NHLBI: Research Funding. McCarthy:The Binding Site: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hahn:NIH/NHLBI: Research Funding; Novartis: Equity Ownership.
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Setiawan, Hamzah. "Implementation of the Fuzzy Topsis Algorithm in the Scholarship Recommendation System." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i2.1621.
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The scholarships given to the University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo include outstanding scholarships (PPA) and underprivileged scholarships (BBP). During the selection made by the university which has 9 faculties throughout the university by manual method. Although there are requirements and files that must be submitted during registration as a potential recipient, this still supports the objectivity of the selection being carried out. For this reason, it is necessary to have an innovation digitally in the selection process for this scholarship recipient. Selection system that was built practically, quickly, and accurately. For this reason, it is necessary to support the support of a client-server application and also the Fuzzy TOPSIS algorithm to determine the results of calculations and rankings based on the calculation value of each student who has been registered as a scholarship recipient. In this study, an application that is a client server has been made, where students can enter prospective scholarship recipients online. The application made has implemented the TOPSIS Fuzzy Algorithm for sorting or ranking. So that this selection work is considered faster, easier and has objective results based on the system. From the applications that have been made, 1,000 students have been tested with the composition of quotas on PPA scholarships as many as 370 and 875 for BBP scholarships. Of the 1000 data on registered students, 239 met the top ranking requirements which were declared PPA scholarship recipients. As well as the top 793 students as BBP scholarship recipients, a letter of recommendation will be printed automatically based on the information the student has received as a scholarship candidate. This trial application recommendation is for ± 3 minutes. With an average value of 77.60% satisfactory..
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Langone, Anthony, Bernard Fischbach, and David Cohen. "VALUE OF DD-CFDNA WHEN CONSIDERING RECIPIENT ETHNICITY TO FURTHER TO HELP RISK STRATIFY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS." Transplantation 104, S3 (September 2020): S136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000698980.85297.65.
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Prokopchuk-Gauk, Oksana, Joanna McCarthy, Peter Duggan, Meer-Taher Shabani-Rad, and Nicole L. Prokopishyn. "Impact of ABO Incompatibility on Engraftment in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3394.3394.
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Abstract Introduction: The selection of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) donor is highly dependent on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele profile matching with that of the intended recipient to minimize graft-related complications and improve post-transplant outcomes. Although ABO compatibility simplifies recipient transfusion needs, transplantation of an ABO incompatible graft has been identified not to have a significant impact on marrow engraftment or recipient survival. We completed an audit of adult allo-HSCT recipients of the Alberta Bone Marrow and Blood Cell Transplant Program to evaluate the impact of ABO incompatibility on engraftment in our allo-HSCT recipient population. Methods: A retrospective review including all adult allo-HSCT recipients between January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2015 was performed. Data was obtained from review of cellular therapy laboratory electronic records, with blood group confirmation by the transfusion medicine laboratory information system. Statistical calculations were completed using the unpaired t test. Results:A total of 513 adult patients underwent 528 allo-HSCT procedures (493 peripheral blood, 12 marrow, 23 cord blood). The mean HSCT recipient age was 46 (range 17-66) with 291 (57%) male recipients. The most common HSCT indication was acute myeloid leukemia. All allo-HSCT recipients received myeloablative conditioning. A total of 91% of recipients were conditioned with a regimen of Fludarabine-Busulfan-ATG, with or without total body irradiation. ABO compatibility status for allo-HSCT procedures included the following: 264 (50%) ABO identical grafts, 125 (24%) grafts with a minor incompatibility, 113 (21%) grafts with a major incompatibility, and 26 (5%) grafts with bidirectional incompatibility. HLA matching data was available for 447 allo-HSCT procedures. A total of 350 (78%) patients were recipients of fully HLA matched grafts (340 peripheral blood, 9 marrow, 1 cord blood). Taking into consideration ABO compatibility status, 10/10 HLA matched peripheral blood or marrow grafts were provided to 89% of ABO identical graft recipients, 77% of recipients each with a minor or major incompatibility, and 65% of recipients with a bidirectional incompatibility. Cellular engraftment including the number of days until absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 1.0 x 106/L and platelet count > 20 x 109/L was available for 496 (94%) of all transplant procedures. A total of 34 transplant recipients did not successfully engraft one or both cell lines. A summary of recipient engraftment data for each category of ABO matching according to stem cell source appears in Table 1. Conclusion:In our study population, the risk of non-engraftment is lowest in recipients of ABO identical peripheral blood or marrow source donor stem cells. Time to cellular engraftment following allo-HSCT transplant with peripheral blood or marrow source stem cells of minor or major ABO incompatibility is similar to that of an ABO identical donor, while platelet engraftment appears to be prolonged in the setting of a bidirectional incompatibility. However, the small number of recipients of grafts with a bidirectional incompatibility and the large standard deviation affects our confidence in this result. The impact of ABO matching on engraftment appears to be the greatest in cord blood transplants. The risk of cellular non-engraftment is variable among all ABO compatibility categories, though the time to platelet engraftment is significantly prolonged in recipients of grafts with major ABO or bidirectional incompatibility. These findings are limited by our small cord blood recipient population and the presence of some degree of HLA mismatching in nearly all recipients of cord blood transplants evaluated. Further study is required in larger populations of cord blood transplant recipients to better understand the impact of ABO compatibility status on marrow engraftment, together with variables including the cellular composition of the cord blood graft and host immune factors. Table 1 Rate of non-engraftment and days to neutrophil and platelet engraftment following allo-HSCT according to ABO compatibility, including standard deviation and statistical calculation (*indicates statistically significant value). Table 1. Rate of non-engraftment and days to neutrophil and platelet engraftment following allo-HSCT according to ABO compatibility, including standard deviation and statistical calculation (*indicates statistically significant value). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Yamashita, Takuya, Kazuteru Ohashi, Hideki Akiyama, and Hisashi Sakamaki. "Effects of Recipients’ Body Weight on Engraftment after Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation: Analysis of Clinical Data of 4065 Patients from the Database of the Japan Marrow Donor Program." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 5083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.5083.5083.
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Abstract In allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from unrelated donor of Japan Marrow Donor Program (JMDP), the standard nucleated cell dose for transplantation is regulated as 3.0x10E8 bone marrow nucleated cells/recipient’s body weight. But if a recipient is heavyweight, it it often diffecult to get enough bone marrow from the donor for transplantation. Infused cell number and recipients’ body weight may infuence the engraftment and outcome of transplantation. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 4065 adult transplant recipients (median age 35, range 16–70) from extracted the database of JMDP. Based on the previous studies, the possible factors which could influence on engraftment were collected. The correlations of these factors with engraftment and neutrophil recovery after transplantation were analysed by using multiple logistic regression. Variables correlated with an increased possibility of engraftment were: incrased recipient’s body weight (p<0.001), increased transplanted cells/recipient’s body weight (p=0.0016), younger recipient’s age (p=0.0019) and using TBI for conditioning (p=0.0358). Variables correlated with early attaining of neutrophil>500 were: use of G-CSF after transplantation (p<0.0001), increased transplanted cells/recipient’s body weight (p<0.0001), and no use of MTX for GVHD prophylaxis (p<0.0001). But in the subset analysis of G-CSF use group, first 25 percentile group reached neutrophil>500 significantly earlier than other group (p<0.0001). These results suggested that recipients’ heavy body weight positively influenced on engraftment, but obesity of recipients might delay neutrophil recovery. This study may contribute to consider the adequate cell dose for unrelated bone marrow transplantation and assess the value of recipients’ body weight as a risk factor of hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Guerriere, Denise N., Jennifer E. Tranmer, Wendy J. Ungar, Venika Manoharan, and Peter C. Coyte. "Valuing care recipient and family caregiver time: A comparison of methods." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 24, no. 01 (January 2008): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462307080075.
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Objectives:The purpose of this study is to compare the approaches used for valuing family caregiver and care recipient time devoted to providing and receiving care.Methods:Valuation approaches were operationalized within a cohort of cystic fibrosis care recipients (n= 110). Base-case analyses, grounded in human capital theory, applied earnings estimates to caregiving time to impute the market value of time lost from labor. Unpaid labor and leisure time was valued with a replacement cost (homemaker's wage rate). Total time costs were computed and sensitivity analyses were conducted to describe the effects of alternative valuation methods on total costs.Results:The mean time cost per care recipient–caregiver dyad over 28 days was $2,026CAD. The majority (76 percent) of time costs were due to losses from unpaid labor and leisure time. Varying the valuation of paid labor time did not result in significantly different total time costs (p= .0877). However, varying the method of valuing unpaid labor and leisure time did significantly affect total costs (p< .0001).Conclusions:Care recipients and caregivers primarily lost time from unpaid labor and leisure in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Moreover, when the above losses were aggregated, the method of valuation greatly influenced overall results. The findings clearly indicate that omitting caregiver and unpaid labor and leisure costs may result in an inaccurate assessment of ambulatory and home-based healthcare programs.
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Lee, Hyejin. "Comparison between Korea’s Grants-based ODA in Agriculture and Status of Food Security of its Recipient Countries in Asia." Open Agriculture Journal 13, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501913010019.
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Introduction: Agriculture tends to be the main employer and income source in many developing countries. Recognizing the value of agriculture for food security and poverty reduction, major donors invest in the agricultural development through the Official Development Assistance or ODA. Of the donors, the Republic of Korea stands out with its historical experience from being a recipient to donor. However, it is not very clear with what criteria Korea would select its recipient countries to disburse its agricultural ODA. Thus, the main objective of this study is to examine a following hypothesis; Korea disburses its agricultural ODA in Asia based on the recipient country’s level of food insecurity. Materials and Methods: To test the hypothesis, collected data are analyzed and comparisons are made between Korea’s grants-based agricultural ODA disbursements and the status of food insecurity of its major recipients in Asia. Results: Although limited to the grants-based agricultural ODA, the results reveal that distribution of the agricultural ODA across the select recipient countries in Asia does not correspond to their severity of food insecurity. Rather, the least food insecure country or the Philippines received the largest agricultural ODA. Conclusion: It appears that at least at a recipient-country level, Korea may have other selection criteria for its grants-based agricultural ODA disbursement or more likely consider a combination of underlying factors that combine both Korea’s national interest and a recipient country’s sociopolitical environment.
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Haber, Sheldon E. "Recipient Value and Market Value: How They Measure Up in Counting the Poor 1." Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jem-1990-16103.
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Silvilestari, Silvilestari. "Penerapan Kombinasi Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dan Rank Order Centroid (ROC) dalam Keputusan Pemberian Kredit." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 3, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v3i4.1509.
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Lending is a very important process for credit managers. Incorrect in making decisions for credit recipients will result in failure in payment of credit bills. In order for decisions made by credit managers to be more precise, a decision support system (DSS) is needed in their calculations. In this study, the authors used a combination of Rank Order Centroid (ROC) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods in producing final preference values that are useful in ranking the judicial decisions of potential credit customers. The results of the study will provide the final value that can help credit managers in the effectiveness of credit recipient decisions.
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Ungeheuer‑Gołąb, Alicja. "Ruch jako kategoria dziecięcego odbioru literatury." Paidia i Literatura, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pil.2019.01.03.
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The text raises the question of movement as a crucial category in the process of a child’s literary reception. The article reflects on the kinetic aspects of a text and a reader as well as on the perspective of a child’s subjective reception as dependent on personal predispositions of a child‑recipient. The author is interested in the intersections of the components of a literary work and the capabilities of a child‑recipient, that is, in the phenomenon called “reader response.” Referring to achievements of developmental psychology, the researcher introduces the figure of a child reader. Next, on the example of Jan Brzechwa’s poem “Stonoga,” she presents its mobility in language, pointing to the existence of “dynamic images,” created in a recipient’s imagination. In this way, she indicates the kinesthetic value of children’s literature.
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Fukazawa, Kyota, Seigo Nishida, and Ernesto A. Pretto. "Peak Serum AST Is a Better Predictor of Acute Liver Graft Injury after Liver Transplantation When Adjusted for Donor/Recipient BSA Size Mismatch (ASTi)." Journal of Transplantation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/351984.
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Background. Despite the marked advances in the perioperative management of the liver transplant recipient, an assessment of clinically significant graft injury following preservation and reperfusion remains difficult. In this study, we hypothesized that size-adjusted AST could better approximate real AST values and consequently provide a better reflection of the extent of graft damage, with better sensitivity and specificity than current criteria.Methods. We reviewed data on 930 orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Size-adjusted AST (ASTi) was calculated by dividing peak AST by our previously reported index for donor-recipient size mismatch, the BSAi. The predictive value of ASTi of primary nonfunction (PNF) and graft survival was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve, logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier survival, and Cox proportional hazard model.Results. Size-adjusted peak AST (ASTi) was significantly associated with subsequent occurrence of PNF and graft failure. In our study cohort, the prediction of PNF by the combination of ASTi and PT-INR had a higher sensitivity and specificity compared to current UNOS criteria.Conclusions. We conclude that size-adjusted AST (ASTi) is a simple, reproducible, and sensitive marker of clinically significant graft damage.
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Berg, M. C., D. N. Wells, and R. S. F. Lee. "144 UTILITY OF RECIPIENT CATTLE AFTER HYDROPS PREGNANCY TERMINATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab144.
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There is continuing concern over the complications arising in pregnancies resulting from the abnormal development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos. Hydrallantois (hydrops), reported widely in the cloning field, is a potentially dangerous condition that can rapidly progress to extreme abdominal distension, anorexia, lethargy, recumbency, and, finally, death of the cow if left untreated. Recipient cattle diagnosed with hydrops are commonly slaughtered or euthanized, resulting in the loss of proven recipients or market value, respectively. This has led to a growing perception that cloning is potentially unsafe for the recipients, which has ethical implications for the commercialization and public acceptance of SCNT cloning (Lassen et al. 2006 Theriogenology 65, 992–1004). Here, we report on the successful use of recipient dams after termination of hydrops pregnancies. Records from over 8 years of non-transgenic SCNT single embryo transfers (n = 1531) into 560 multiparous, mixed age and breed cattle revealed 100 diagnosed cases of hydrops, i.e. 13% (100/765) of all Day 35 pregnancies were eventually diagnosed as hydrops between Days 150 and 220 by rectal palpation. In the early years, 12 of these recipients were slaughtered to recover maternal, placental, and fetal tissues. In later years, after the diagnosis of hydrops between Days 150 and 220 of gestation by repeated rectal palpation, 88 hydrops pregnancies were electively terminated after single IM injections of 25 mg long-acting dexamethasone (dexamethasone trimethylacetate, Dexavet; Bomac Laboratories, Manukau City, New Zealand) followed 5 days later by topical cervical application of prostaglandin F2α (Berg et al. 2006 7th Int. Ruminant Reprod. Symp., abst ? 10). Following adequate cervical softening and dilation, the commonly found over-sized, abdominally distended fetuses were safely delivered per vaginum prior to fetal death. The recipients were then aggressively treated with intrauterine and systemic oxytetracycline and repeated alternate day injections of prostaglandins until cleared of all retained placenta and membranes. After the minimal 60-day recovery period and assessment of return to cyclicity, 24/40 (60%) of these animals became pregnant within two rounds of single embryo SCNT transfer, with an overall embryo survival of 40% (27/67) at Day 35. This is not statistically different from the embryo survival rate of 50% (765/1531) for the entire herd over the 8 years. These data also confirm that the cause of hydrops resides mainly with the SCNT embryos and is not an inherent recipient problem. Thus, with early diagnosis and termination, and avoiding the exposure of the recipient to necrotic fetal tissues by careful delivery of live fetuses, these animals can successfully recover and be re-used to carry subsequent pregnancies or be salvaged for commercial slaughter. Application of this approach for the treatment of hydrops can considerably reduce the wastage of recipient animals and ameliorate some of the animal welfare concerns with cloning technology.
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Mehta, Parinda A., Mary Eapen, Sharavi Gandham, James Elliott, Michelle Combs, Tiffany Wilke, Richard Aplenc, et al. "Interleukin-1 α Genotype and Outcome of Unrelated Donor BMT for CML." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2057.2057.
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Abstract IL-1α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in initiation and maintenance of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and the immune response to infection. A cytosine (C) to thymine (T) transition at codon -889 is believed to influence gene transcription. Previously we showed that the presence of at least one IL-1α T allele in the donor was associated with improved survival after unrelated donor (URD) BMT (survival at 1 year 40% C/C donor, 68% T/C donor, 75% T/T donor, p <0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed reduced treatment related mortality (TRM) if the donor and recipient each possessed the IL-1α T allele (RR 0.2, 95% CI 0.05–0.6, p<0.01). In the present study we sought to confirm these results in a larger more homogeneous patient population. The study included 426 adult patients (age > 18 years) with CML transplanted in first chronic phase between 1990 and 2002 with a cyclophosphamide/TBI preparative regimen. Patients receiving peripheral blood stem cells, a second transplant, or a graft with > 1 HLA antigen mismatch were excluded. Donors and recipients were genotyped for the IL-1α polymorphism using a high throughput PCR assay. Donor recipient pairs were categorized into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of a T-allele in donor and in recipient (only recipient has T-allele, only donor has T-allele, both have T-allele and neither have a T-allele). Median patient age was 38 years (range 18–59); 57% were male; median donor age was 38 years (range 18–57 years) and 64% were HLA-matched at 6 antigens. Genotype categories were not significantly different in recipient and donor age, gender, year of transplant, performance status, GVH prophylaxis, HLA-match, interval from diagnosis to transplant, CMV serology and donor-recipient sex match. The impact of IL-1a genotype on univariate outcomes is shown below. Table 1 Endpoint Recipient has T-allele Donor has T-allele Both have T-allele Neither have T-allele p-value TRM @ 1 yr 41% 43% 43% 43% 0.99 Acute GVHD 64% 67% 68% 72% 0.80 Chronic GVHD 50% 57% 52% 52% 0.81 Relapse@1yr 7% <1% 3% 1% 0.14 Relapse@2yrs 7% 4% 3% 3% 0.63 LFS @ 2yrs 46% 51% 47% 47% 0.90 Survival@2yrs 49% 52% 48% 48% 0.95 The data show no impact of IL-1α genotype on survival or TRM. Multivariate analysis including donor and recipient age, performance status, year of transplant, CMV status, HLA disparity and donor patient sex mismatch confirmed that IL-1α genotype did not impact survival, LFS, GVHD or TRM. Survival (and LFS) was significantly reduced in recipients of marrow with an allele or antigen level HLA-mismatch (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.7; p< 0.0001) and T-depleted marrow (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.07–1.92; p=0.017). Relapse was notably increased in recipients of T-cell depleted grafts (RR 4.1 95%CI 1.79–9.37; p=0.0008) and TRM increased in recipients of an allele or antigen mismatched graft (RR 2.05 95% CI 1.44–2.91; p< 0.0001). In conclusion these data from a large and relatively homogeneous population do not support a role for IL-1α genotype on outcome of unrelated donor transplant for CML.
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MIN, GI June, Heeje Kim, Tai-Gyu Kim, Seung-Joo Hyun, In-Cheol Baek, Seug Yun Yoon, Sung-Soo Park, et al. "Specific Donor Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Allotypes and CMV IgG Serology Status Predict the Risk of Cytomegalovirus-Related Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Who Received Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113233.
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Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes lifelong latency after primary infection under the control of the immune system because of the numerous virus evasion strategies that interfere with the host immune response at many levels. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are involved in the early immune response and are an important defense mechanism in CMV infections, reactivation, and related diseases. Furthermore, an assessment of the clonal diversity of T cell responses against CMV infection provides important insight into the molecular basis of T cell immunodominance. In this single-center study, we tried to demonstrate a specific correlation between the donor HLA genotype and cumulative incidence of CMV reactivation and disease. Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed 613 donors and recipients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from matched siblings (n=260), matched unrelated donors (n=167), or haploidentical family donors (n=186) from 2012 to 2017. The CMV-related disease was diagnosed with aggressive procedures in suspicious tissues such as the eyes, gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory tract. The cumulative incidence of overall CMV-related diseases was 12.3% (n=71; range, 9.8 - 15.2), and in each matched sibling, matched unrelated, and haploidentical family donor allo-HSCT group were 6.1% (range, 3.6-9.6), 14.4% (9.2-20.7), and 19.4% (14.0-25.5), respectively. Except for seven patients, all 64 patients developed CMV disease in the CMV reactivation state. We determined the genotypes of the HLA-A, B, C, and DRB1 alleles in 613 donors and recipients by sequencing method and further selected 560 (91.4%) CMV IgG seropositive donors to identify the genetic influence of donor HLA according to CMV infection. Results We first analyzed the relationship between entire donor HLA allotypes and the cumulative incidence of CMV-related disease, then subdivided the donor groups by CMV IgG seropositivity. In the CMV IgG seropositive donor group, we conducted subgroup analysis to identify any difference in CMV-related disease incidence according to types of allo-HSCT. As a result, an entire donor CMV serostatus, three genotype alleles, HLA A*3004 (OR 2.8; p-value 0.044), B*5101 (OR 2.3; p-value 0.003), and DRB1*0901 (OR 2.3; p-value 0.004), demonstrated a statistically significant odds ratio (OR) value with the proper number of patients. However, in the donor CMV IgG seropositive subgroup, two allotypes, HLA B*5101 (OR 2.0; p-value 0.003) and DRB1*0901 (OR 2.7; p-value 0.002), remained. Interestingly, the HLA DRB1*0901 allele showed a concrete association (OR 6.0; p-value <0.001, and p(c)-value 0.002) between CMV IgG seropositive donor HLA and the CMV-related disease incidence of the recipient, especially in the haploidentical allo-HSCT setting. The HLA-B*5101 allele showed a statistically significant association in the IgG seropositive donor subgroup with the matched unrelated allo-HSCT recipient and in the IgG seronegative donor subgroup. HLA-DRB1*1302 showed a promising value as the protective marker (OR 0.2; p-value 0.041) only in the IgG seropositive donor subgroup with the matched unrelated allo-HSCT recipient category. HLA-A*2402 (OR 3.6; p-value 0.048) was only significant in the IgG seropositive donor subgroup with the matched sibling and haploidentical allo-HSCT recipient category. HLA-DR*1501 (OR 2.6; p-value 0.039) was only significant in the IgG seropositive donor subgroup with the matched sibling allo-HSCT recipient category. Conclusion This study demonstrated that certain donor alleles, donor CMV IgG serostatus, and types of allo-HSCT, especially the seropositive donor HLA-DR*0901 allele in the haploidentical allo-HSCT setting, significantly correlated with high CMV-related disease incidence and might be considered risk markers for suitable donor selection. Additionally, the specific donor HLA allele showed either protective or aggravated CMV-related disease incidence in a different allo-HSCT setting. For patients receiving various types of allo-HSCT, a strategic approach to donor selection with careful consideration of donor HLA allotype is important and intensive CMV reactivation monitoring may be required, especially in acute GVHD under active steroid pulse treatment. Disclosures Kim: BMS: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Ilyang: Research Funding. Lee:Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Sarkar, Sumit, and Arundhati Sarkar Bose. "Gift-selection for close recipients: how perceived similarity of preferences affect giver’s attitude." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-12-2017-2473.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of gift-givers’ perception of relational closeness on their gift-selection attitude and eventual selection when the gift is not a requested-gift. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework was constructed on the basis of five hypotheses, which were tested by field data collected through surveys of urban Indian gift-givers while they shopped for a gift. Logistic regressions were used for validating hypotheses. Mediation effect was computed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Findings The giver may have either a “recipient-centric” or a “giver-centric” attitude towards gift-selection. It was found that givers who feel greater closeness towards recipients are less likely to be “giver-centric” and more likely to believe that the recipient’s preferences are similar to their own. The givers’ belief that the recipient’s preferences are similar to their own mediates the effect of closeness on attitude. Closeness reduces the odds of making a “preference-contrary” selection among “recipient-centric” givers because of a perceived similarity of preferences. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted among urban Indian gift-shoppers. Cross-cultural study may be required for general interpretation of the results. In addition, the role of reciprocity in determining giver’s attitude and gift-selection was not studied. Practical implications The study found that the odds of making “preference-contrary” gift-selection depend on the closeness of the dyadic relation. This understanding can be used in advertising and promoting products that are used as gifts between close relations. Originality/value Previous studies postulated and demonstrated that relational closeness affects gift-giving behaviour, but none connected closeness to gift-selection. This research conceptualised gift-giver’s attitude, which influences giver’s selection.
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Offenberg, Jennifer Pate. "Markets: Gift Cards." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.2.227.
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The Mobil Oil Company introduced the first retail gift card that recorded value on a magnetic strip in 1995. In under a decade, such gift cards replaced apparel as the number one item sold during the Christmas season. This study will discuss the reasons for the strong surge in the gift card market. It will then consider the value of gift cards as an intermediate option between two alternatives: purchasing a physical gift, which could possibly be returned or exchanged, versus giving cash. Empirical data on the resale price of gift cards from an Internet auction website provide information on the value that recipients place on gift cards suggesting that the difference between the cost of a gift card to the giver and its value to the recipient is substantial, although perhaps not quite as large as the parallel gap involved in physical gifts.
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Boraschi, Piero, Francescamaria Donati, Cristina Bertucci, and Franco Filipponi. "Multiple myeloma in a liver transplant recipient: Diagnostic value of MR imaging." European Journal of Radiology Extra 71, no. 2 (August 2009): e57-e59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrex.2009.02.004.
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McVea, Harry, and Nicholas Charalambu. "Game theory and sovereign wealth funds." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 22, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-12-2012-0049.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to assess strategies available to recipient states for managing the putative risks posed by sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) in the context of global, liberalized, and capital markets. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a game theory analysis in assessing these risks. Four basic scenarios are outlined whereby recipient states may interact with SWFs: “unselfish recipient state – unselfish SWF” (Option 1); “unselfish recipient state – Selfish SWF” (Option 2); “Selfish Recipient State – unselfish SWF” (Option 3); and “Selfish Recipient State – Selfish SWF” (Option 4). Findings – In the light of this analysis, and the balance of risks which the authors perceive recipient states are exposed to in practice, the authors claim that recipient states ought, rationally, to adopt a selfish regulatory strategy irrespective of the strategy which SWFs adopt in practice. Originality/value – This claim does not deny the importance of voluntary international measures – such as the “Santiago principles” – in the way SWFs are regulated. Rather, it seeks to show that according to a game theory analysis, and an attempted application of that analysis in practice, undue reliance by recipient states on international “soft law” regulatory initiatives to regulate SWF activity (which constitutes the current international consensus) is strategically unwise.
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Engelmann, Cornelius, Martina Sterneck, Karl Heinz Weiss, Silke Templin, Steffen Zopf, Gerald Denk, Dennis Eurich, et al. "Prevention and Management of CMV Infections after Liver Transplantation: Current Practice in German Transplant Centers." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082352.
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Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in human liver transplant recipients. Anti-CMV therapeutics can be used to prevent or treat CMV in liver transplant recipients, but their toxicity needs to be balanced against the benefits. The choice of prevention strategy (prophylaxis or preemptive treatment) depends on the donor/recipient sero-status but may vary between institutions. We conducted a series of consultations and roundtable discussions with German liver transplant center representatives. Based on 20 out of 22 centers, we herein summarize the current approaches to CMV prevention and treatment in the context of liver transplantation in Germany. In 90% of centers, transient prophylaxis with ganciclovir or valganciclovir was standard of care in high-risk (donor CMV positive, recipient CMV naive) settings, while preemptive therapy (based on CMV viremia detected during (bi) weekly PCR testing for circulating CMV-DNA) was preferred in moderate- and low-risk settings. Duration of prophylaxis or intense surveillance was 3–6 months. In the case of CMV infection, immunosuppression was adapted. In most centers, antiviral treatment was initiated based on PCR results (median threshold value of 1000 copies/mL) with or without symptoms. Therefore, German transplant centers report similar approaches to the prevention and management of CMV infection in liver transplantation.
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Kang, Yubin, Angelica DeOliveira, Linda Peel, Dong-Feng Chen, and Nelson J. Chao. "A Prospective Study of Donor ImmuKnow® as a Biomarker for Acute GvHD in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 4646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4646.4646.
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Abstract Abstract 4646 Introduction Graft versus host disease (GvHD) occurs in ∼40% of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The exact mechanisms underlying GvHD remain to be defined, but donor immune cells are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of GvHD. Depletion of donor lymphocytes reduces the risk of GvHD but to the expense of disease relapse and lower engraftment. Immunological parameters of donor cells that predispose a recipient to GvHD will be of great value. The Cylex” ImmuKnow® assay determines the strength of immune function by quantifying the amount of ATP released from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood CD4+ cells. The amount of ATP production is a measure of lymphocyte activity. In our current study, we utilized the ImmuKnow® to assess whether a donor's immune response correlates with early outcomes in recipients post-HCT. Patients and Methods Twenty-six (26) donor-recipient pairs were included in our study (15 HLA identical sibling HCT and 11 haploidentical HCT). The median age of recipients at the time of transplantation was 49 years (range, 23-65). Twelve were female and 14 male. The median age of donors was 45 years (range, 18-67), and half of them were female. Recipients received an average cell-dose of 10.7 ± 4.9 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Twenty-one patients received nonmyeloablative, reduced intensity conditioning consisting of Fluarabine, Busulfan or melphlan, and alemtuzumab, and mycophenolate mofetil was given for GvHD prophylaxis in these recipients. Five patients received myeloablative conditioning with total body irradiation or Busulfan, and cyclophosphamide. Methotrexate with/without cyclosporine or tacrolimus alone was used for GvHD prophylaxis in myeloablative patients. Stem cell source was G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood. Blood samples obtained prior to G-CSF mobilization and prior to stem cell collection (approximately 2 weeks apart) were assayed for ImmuKnow values and cell counts (WBC, ANC, ALC & CD34+ count). Results G-CSF mobilization led to a significant increase in ImmuKnow® ATP values from 342 to 728 ng/mL (p<0.001) along with an increase in all measured cell counts. Average ImmuKnow® values from recipients were 108 ± 116 at 2-3 weeks post-transplant, 231± 221 at 4-5 weeks, and 104 ± 95 ng/mL at 8-10 weeks. Grade ≥ II acute GvHD occurred in 27% of haploidentical HCT recipients (3/11 patients) and 20% of HLA identical HCT recipients (3/15 patients). We found no correlations between recipient post-transplant ImmuKnow® values and GvHD. No correlations were observed between various donor cell counts (WBC, ANC, ALC or CD34+ cell dose) and GvHD. In haploidentical HCT, mobilized donor blood ImmuKnow® ATP values did not correlate with GvHD. However, donor ImmuKnow® values correlated with increased risk of acute GvHD in HLA identical sibling HCT. ROC analysis of mobilized donor samples showed that in HLA identical sibling HCT ATP values in excess of 747 ng/mL predicted grade II or higher GvHD with a likelihood ratio of 4.00 (2.9-5.5, 95% confidence), sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 75% (AUC=0.889, p=0.003) . Conclusions In HLA identical matched sibling transplantation, very strong ATP values (>747 ng/mL) following mobilization correlated with the risks of developing grade II or higher GvHD during the first 90 days post-transplant. If confirmed in larger studies, these data suggest that ImmuKnow can serve as an independent predictor/biomarker for the development of GvHD in HLA identical HCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ngiode, Syafrin, and Alfian Erwinsyah. "KEEFEKTIFAN PROGRAM INDONESIA PINTAR DI MADRASAH KABUPATEN GORONTALO." AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v4i1.987.
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This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) in madrasah, Gorontalo District, Gorontalo Province. This research uses mixed methods. Data collection techniques carried out through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis technique is done in stages, starting from editing, coding tabulating, scoring to drawing conclusions. The results showed that: Input component score is 87 (effective), consisting of guidelines book, objectives, program objectives, PIP recipient requirements, student allocation, fund amount, determination of prospective students receiving assistance, submission of PIP recipients, PIP program funds distribution and withdrawal, realization of PIP disbursement and reporting, are considered effective, because their implementation refers to the technical guidelines for the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program in madrasah. Output component score of 90 (effective). The indicators on the use of funds are considered effective, because students have used them well to meet their educational needs. The PIP recipient's liability indicator is in the effective category, because in PIP acceptance, madrasah students have an obligation to report the value of their semester results, PIP will be canceled if the requirements are not met.
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Pakenham, K. I. "The nature of caregiving in multiple sclerosis: development of the caregiving tasks in multiple sclerosis scale." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13, no. 7 (August 2007): 929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458507076973.
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Caregivers of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) engage in many caregiving tasks and spend considerable time on these activities with such caregiving being of immense social and economic value. However, the lack of empirically derived psychometrically sound instruments for measuring caregiving tasks has hampered progress in this field. This study aimed 1) to examine the dimensional and psychometric structure of the Caregiving Tasks in MS Scale (CTiMSS), and 2) to examine caregiver and care recipient correlates of caregiving tasks. Participants were 232 caregivers of persons with MS and their care recipients. Questionnaires were completed at Time 1 and 12 months later (Time 2). Factor analyses showed that the CTiMSS could be represented by a single dimension or four caregiving domains: Instrumental Care, Activities of Daily Living Care, Psycho-emotional Care, Social-practical Care. The CTiMSS factors were psychometrically sound and evidenced differential relations with most caregiver and care recipient characteristics and predicted changes in adjustment over 12 months. Findings delineate the key dimensions of MS caregiving and show the differential links between caregiving task domains and caregiver and care recipient characteristics. Results provide preliminary reliability and validity data on the first published measure of caregiving tasks in MS. Such an instrument is important for theory building, across study comparisons and the development of services. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 929—938. http://msj.sagepub.com
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Page, Kristin M., Adam Mendizabal, Barbara Waters-Pick, Sophia Avrutsky, Melissa Reese, Vinod Prasad, and Joanne Kurtzberg. "Post Thaw Colony Forming Units (CFU) Is a Strong Independent Predictor of Engraftment after Unrelated Donor Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3282.3282.
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Abstract Background: Unrelated donor umbilical cord blood is an acceptable graft source for patients lacking related donors. However, a non-engraftment rate of approximately 20% despite adequate total nucleated cell (TNC) dose remains a barrier to the overall success of UCBT. Of various patient and graft characteristics that may influence engraftment, identifying an assay predictive of cord blood unit (CBU) potency and overall engraftment would be beneficial. Methods: Pre-cryopreservation (pre-cryo) and post-thaw graft characteristics were available on 423 UCBT performed at our institution between 2/11/2000 and 5/1/2007. The units were obtained from 16 US public cord blood banks and were selected by pre-cryo cell dose and HLA matching. Pre-cryo data (TNC, CD34 cells and CFU) was provided by the cord blood bank as part of routine banking practices. All units were thawed in the Duke Stem Cell Laboratory (SCL). Post-thaw testing (TNC, CD34, CFU) was performed by consistent personnel in the SCL after thaw and washing with Dextran/Albumin as described previously by Rubinstein et al. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant pre-cryo, post-thaw, and baseline factors predictive of neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Results: Of the 423 evaluable patients, 68% had malignancies, 61% were males, 73% were Caucasian and 38% were CMV+. The grafts were HLA (93%), sex (50%) or racially (24%) mismatched with the patients. There was excellent correlation between pre-cryo and post-thaw TNC (r2=0.92) and CD34 (r2=0.68) content, but much weaker correlation for CFUs (r2=0.27). In univariate analysis, age (≤5 years), disease (non-malignant), weight (≤12 kg), CMV status (negative), recipient ethnicity (Caucasian), HLA match (5/6 or 6/6) and pre-cryo/post-thaw TNC (larger), pre-cryo/post-thaw CD34 (larger) and pre-cryo/post-thaw CFU (larger) were predictive of both neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Multivariate analysis of parameters are presented in Table 1. In the overall multivariate analysis of neutrophil engraftment, Male units (p=0.01), 5/6 or 6/6 HLA match (p=0.02), larger post-thaw CD34 (p=0.02) and larger post-thaw CFU (<0.0001) were significant. For platelet engraftment, Caucasian recipients (p=0.006) and larger post-thaw CFU (p=0.002) were the only predictive parameters. Conclusions: Post-thaw CFUs are a strong independent predictor of neutrophil and platelet engraftment after UCBT. This assay could be tested on a CBU segment and used as a marker of potency for graft selection. Factors Predictive of Neutrophil and Platelet Engraftment in Multivariate Analysis of Graft/Recipient Characteristics. Neutrophil Engraftment Platelet Engraftment Pre−Cryopreservation Multivariate Model (p−value) CD34+ (0.0046), Recipient CMV (0.0138), CFU (0.0337), Unit Sex (0.0393) Recipient ethnicity (0.0052), TNC (0.0173), CFU (0.0324) Post−Thaw Multivariate Model (p−value) CFU (<0.0001), CD34 (0.0013), HLA match (0.0065) CFU (<0.0001), HLA match (0.0117), Recipient ethnicity (0.0135) Overall Multivariate Model (p−value) Post thaw CFU (<0.0001), Unit Sex (0.0131), HLA match (0.0186), Post thaw CD34 (0.02) Recipient ethnicity (0.0063), Post thaw CFU (0.002)
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Mirosa, Miranda, Louise Mainvil, Hayley Horne, and Ella Mangan-Walker. "The social value of rescuing food, nourishing communities." British Food Journal 118, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 3044–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2016-0149.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the social value food rescue enterprises can create for both their stakeholders and the wider community “in the meantime” whilst longer term solutions to the problems of insecurity and waste are sought. Design/methodology/approach FoodShare, a New Zealand urban-based social enterprise specialising in food redistribution, served as a case study for this research. Semi-structured interviews (n=13) were conducted with FoodShare staff and key stakeholder groups (food donors, financial donors, recipient agencies and volunteers). In addition, an anonymous online survey (n=40) was completed by the wider organisational volunteer network. The interview guides were structured around a new social value evaluation tool, Social Return on Investment, which is increasingly used to demonstrate the impact of such programmes. Deductive methods were used to code the resulting transcripts to identify key outcomes experienced by FoodShare’s stakeholders. Findings The outcomes of FoodShare’s work differed for the various stakeholders. For food donors, outcomes included “more involved relationships with community”, and “improved perceptions of corporate social responsibility”. Identified key outcomes for the financial donors included “key promotional opportunity” and “do something good”. For recipient agencies, important outcomes were “greater volume of food” and “increased reach”. Volunteers reported “meeting new people”, “a sense of accomplishment in helping others” and “learning new skills”. There were also a number of nutritional and environmental outcomes for the wider community. Originality/value Given the dearth of evidence on the societal value that is created in redistributing unsold food to people in need, this novel perspective makes a significant contribution to the literature in this area.
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Hendrickson, Jeanne E., Traci E. Chadwick, John D. Roback, Christopher D. Hillyer, and James C. Zimring. "Host Inflammation Increases Alloimmunization to Transfused Red Blood Cells." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1887.1887.
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Abstract Background: Alloimmunization to RBC is a serious sequelae of transfusion, which can result in hemolytic transfusion reactions and difficulty identifying compatible units for future transfusion. Although any given unit of RBC contains numerous alloantigens, only 6% of transfusion recipients mount a measurable alloantibody response. The factors that determine whether a given transfusion recipient will generate antibodies remains undetermined. Activation of the innate immune system through inflammation is known to have a significant effect on immune responses in other settings. Accordingly, we hypothesized that recipient inflammation would modulate humoral responses to transfused RBC. Methods: Hen egg lysozyme (HEL) is a well studied antigen. In order to convert HEL into a model blood group antigen, we utilized transgenic mHEL mice, which express HEL on the surface of RBC as a transmembrane protein. Leukoreduced mHEL RBC were transfused into B10. BR recipient mice (H-2k MHC haplotype). To induce host inflammation, recipient mice received an intraperitoneal injection of poly(I:C), which is a double-stranded RNA that mimics inflammation commonly seen with viral infection. The inflammatory effects of poly (I:C) were confirmed by observing activation of macrophages using flow cytometry. Plasma was obtained from recipient mice 7 and 14 days post-transfusion, and anti-HEL antibody titers and isotypes were determined by HEL specific ELISA. Results: Inflammation of mice with poly (I:C) resulted in a significant increase in the magnitude of anti-HEL IgG synthesis. Whereas mice receiving mHEL RBC alone had only a weak anti-HEL IgG response, treatment with poly (I:C) prior to transfusion resulted in a 15 fold increase in anti-HEL IgG (p value =.0003). In addition, whereas IgG1 and IgG3 were the predominant anti-HEL IgG subtypes in mice receiving mHEL RBC alone, IgG3 and IgG2b predominated in mice treated with poly (I:C) prior to mHEL transfusion. Thus, treatment of transfusion recipients with an agent that mimics inflammation commonly seen in viral infections significantly increased humoral immunity and altered IgG subtype composition. Discussion: The findings reported here demonstrate that host inflammation with a viral-like agent increases alloimmunization to transfused RBC and suggests that co-existing infections in humans may increase humoral immunization to transfused RBC. In addition, since different IgG subtypes have different hemolytic potentials, the observed deviation may influence the clinical significance of alloantibody formation. These findings provide the rational basis for possible intervention using immunomodulatory agents to prevent alloimmunization or to divert the response to a non-hemolytic IgG subtype.
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Avolio, A. W., U. Cillo, M. Salizzoni, L. De Carlis, M. Colledan, G. E. Gerunda, V. Mazzaferro, et al. "Balancing Donor and Recipient Risk Factors in Liver Transplantation: The Value of D-MELD With Particular Reference to HCV Recipients." American Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 12 (September 15, 2011): 2724–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03732.x.
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Abdel-Khalek, Ehab E., Alrefaey K. Alrefaey, Amr M. Yassen, Ahmed Monier, Hesham M. Elgouhari, Mohamed Samy Habl, Gehad Tawfik, Thuraya Elzayat, Reham Adly Zayed, and Mohamed Abdel-Wahab. "Renal Dysfunction after Living-Donor Liver Transplantation: Experience with 500 Cases." Journal of Transplantation 2018 (December 23, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5910372.
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Introduction.The possible risk factors for chronic kidney disease in transplant recipients have not been thoroughly investigated after living-donor liver transplantation.Material and Methods.A retrospective cohort study of consecutive adults who underwent living-donor liver transplantation between May 2004 and October 2016, in a single center, was conducted. Kidney function was investigated successively for all the patients throughout the study period, with 12 months being the shortest follow-up. Postoperative renal dysfunction was defined in accordance with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration criteria. The patients’ demographic data, preoperative and intraoperative parameters, and outcomes were recorded. A calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive regimen, either tacrolimus or cyclosporine, was used in all the patients.Results.Of the 413 patients included in the study, 33 (8%) who survived for ≥1 year experienced chronic kidney disease 1 year after living-donor liver transplantation. Twenty-seven variables were studied to compare between the patients with normal kidney functions and those who developed chronic kidney disease 1 year after living-donor liver transplantation. Univariate regression analysis for predicting the likelihood of chronic kidney disease at 1 year revealed that the following 4 variables were significant: operative time,P< 0.0005; intraoperative blood loss,P< 0.0005; preoperative renal impairment,P= 0.001; and graft-to-recipient weight ratio (as a negative predictor),P< 0.0005. In the multivariate regression analysis, only 2 variables remained as independent predictors of chronic kidney disease at 1 year, namely, operative time with a cutoff value of ≥714 minutes and graft-to-recipient weight ratio as a negative predictor with a cutoff value of <0.91.Conclusion.In this study, prolonged operative time and small graft-to-recipient weight ratio were independent predictors of chronic kidney disease at 1 year after living-donor liver transplantation.
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Kanoi, Aditya V., Karnav B. Panchal, Saugata Sen, and Gautam Biswas. "Computed tomography angiographic study of internal mammary perforators and their use as recipient vessels for free tissue transfer in breast reconstruction." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 50, no. 01 (January 2017): 050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijps.ijps_168_16.
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ABSTRACT Context: The internal mammary artery perforator vessels (IMPV) as a recipient in free flap breast reconstruction offer advantages over the more commonly used thoracodorsal vessels and the internal mammary vessels (IMV). Aims: This study was designed to assess the anatomical consistency of the IMPV and the suitability of these vessels for use as recipients in free flap breast reconstruction. Patients and Methods: Data from ten randomly selected female patients who did not have any chest wall or breast pathology but had undergone a computed tomography angiography (CTA) for unrelated diagnostic reasons from April 2013 to October 2013 were analysed. Retrospective data of seven patients who had undergone mastectomy for breast cancer and had been primarily reconstructed with a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator free flap transfer using the IMPV as recipient vessels were studied. Results: The CTA findings showed that the internal mammary perforator was consistently present in all cases bilaterally. In all cases, the dominant perforator arose from the upper four intercostal spaces (ICS) with the majority (55%) arising from the 2nd ICS. The mean distance of the perforators from the sternal border at the level of pectoralis muscle surface on the right side was 1.86 cm (range: 0.9–2.5 cm) with a mode value of 1.9 cm. On the left side, a mean of 1.77 cm (range: 1.5–2.1 cm) and a mode value of 1.7 cm were observed. Mean perforator artery diameters on the right and left sides were 2.2 mm and 2.4 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Though the internal mammary perforators are anatomically consistent, their use as recipients in free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction eventually rests on multiple variables.
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Ummel, Deborah, Marie Achille, and Jessina Mekkelholt. "Donors and Recipients of Living Kidney Donation: A Qualitative Metasummary of Their Experiences." Journal of Transplantation 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/626501.
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With the notable growth in the qualitative investigation of living kidney donation, there is value in aggregating results from this body of research to learn from accumulated experience. The present paper aims to draw a complete portrait of living donors' and recipients' experience of donation by metasummarizing published studies. We found that donors' experience, particularly the decision-making process, has been more extensively studied than the recipients' perspective. Donors differ in their initial level of motivation to donate but on the whole report positive experiences and personal benefits. They also identify difficult periods and the need for additional resources. Recipients report an often positive but more ambivalent reaction to donation. In terms of relational issues between dyads, while the topic remains understudied, the donor-recipient relationship and gift reciprocity have received the most attention. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for future practice and research.
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Kurabekova, R. M., O. M. Tsiroulnikova, I. E. Pashkova, A. G. Olefirenko, O. E. Gichkun, L. V. Makarova, R. A. Monakhov, and P. O. Shevchenko. "Diagnostic Effectiveness of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 in Assessing the Risk of Developing Graft Dysfunction in Liver Recipient Children." Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology 29, no. 3 (June 29, 2019): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2019-29-3-58-65.
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The problem of non-invasive monitoring of the liver condition is particularly relevant in liver transplantation among young children. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a profibrogenic and immunosuppressive effect that can have a definite effect on the liver transplant functioning.Aim. To determine the diagnostic efficacy of TGF-β1 in blood when assessing the risk of developing graft dysfunction in liver recipient children.Materials and methods.95 children aged 3 to 73 months with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies were surveyed. All the patients underwent liver transplantation (LT) from a living related donor. The TGF-β1 concentration in plasma was determined using ELISA on average 3 ± 2 days prior to liver transplantation and in the early post-transplant period.Results.The level of TGF-β1 in the blood of children with liver cirrhosis was lower than in healthy children (p = 0.001). LT was accompanied by an increase in the TGF-β1 content in the blood of recipients (p = 0.001). The incidence of graft dysfunction in the early postoperative period correlated with the pre-transplantation level of TGF-β1 (r = 0.40, p = 0.00), which was lower in recipients with developed graft dysfunction than in patients without dysfunction (1.7 ± 1.3 ng/ml versus 6.7 ± 5.3 ng/ml, p = 0.001). The analysis of the test diagnostic efficiency showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.85 ± 0.05, 95 % CI 0.75–0.94, the sensitivity of the method was 83 %, its specificity was 77 %. When the marker value was less than the threshold (2.2 ng/ml), the relative risk of developing graft dysfunction was 11.4 ± 0.7, 95 % CI 2.7-48.7. The accuracy of the method, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of the results were 78, 83 and 77 %, respectively.Conclusion.The level of TGF-β1 in the blood of liver recipient children before transplantation below 2.2 ng/ml increases the risk of developing graft dysfunction in the early postoperative period 11-fold. Measuring the TGF-β1 level in the blood prior to liver transplantation makes it possible to identify recipients with 85 % chance of developing a graft dysfunction.
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Grásgruber, Miloš, Milena Otavová, and Pavel Semerád. "Impacts of the application of the reverse charge mechanism of the value added tax." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072133.
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Reverse charge mechanism is considered to be a specific mechanism when applying the value added tax. The liability to declare and pay the output tax is transferred to the recipient of the fulfillment within the reverse charge mechanism. Since Apri1 1, 2011 there has been extended the application of the reverse charge mechanism to the domestic (home) fulfillments and since this date the mechanism has been applied to the delivery of slag, waste and metal scrap, defined in the Annex 5 and to the trading with the greenhouse gas emissions allowances. Since January 1, 2012 the reverse charge mechanism has been applied also for construction and assembly works which leads to a significant extension of VAT payers which this provision may affect. The paper will evaluate the impacts of the application of the reverse charge mechanism to the provider and the recipient of the taxable fulfillments, mainly for the construction works. There will be evaluated also the impacts of the administrative burden related to the evidence of the reverse charge mechanism for the tax entity and also for the tax administrator.
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Ahmed, Junaid, Mazhar Mughal, and Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso. "They earn and send; we spend: consumption patterns of Pakistani migrant households." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 1092–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2017-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze differential consumption patterns of Pakistani migrant households resulting from foreign and domestic remittances. Design/methodology/approach Using the Working-Leser model and a number of matching techniques, the authors analyze a representative household survey carried out in 2010–2011 to compare various expenditure categories of recipient and non-recipient households across different income brackets. Findings Results show that foreign remittances lead to significant consumption changes. Contrary to the widely held view, remittances do not raise the budget share on consumer goods and recreation, while allocation on education increases substantially. Households receiving domestic remittances also reflect strong focus on human capital with significantly higher shares of health and education. Recipients of international transfers living below one dollar a day spend proportionally more on food compared with their non-recipient counterparts whereas their education and health budget shares are not dissimilar. Practical implications The positive effect of remittances on expenditures on human capital coupled with a lack of evidence suggesting an increase in the share of conspicuous spending resulting from remittances highlights the beneficial role that remittances play in a developing country. Originality/value Extant literature lacks consensus on whether migrant remittances should be treated as a temporary or permanent source of household income. In this study, the authors argue and empirically show that the two need not be mutually exclusive, and may co-exist depending on the nature of remittances and household characteristics.
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Eschwège, Pascal, Stéphane Droupy, Valérie Paradis, Marc Conti, Bernard Charpentier, and Gérard Benoît. "Procurement kidney lipid peroxidation lesions have no predictive value on recipient renal function." European Urology Supplements 1, no. 1 (January 2002): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(02)80051-3.
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Potter, Julia M., G. A. Balderson, P. E. Hickman, A. Henderson, M. Wright, B. Burrow, S. V. Lynch, T. H. Ong, and R. W. Strong. "THE VALUE OF THE DONOR MEGX TEST IN PREDICTING LIVER ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENT OUTCOME." Transplantation 58, no. 4 (August 1994): 524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199408270-00023.
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Rahardja, Untung, Ninda Lutfiani, Sudaryono Sudaryono, and Rochmawati Rochmawati. "The Strategy of Enhancing Employee Reward Using TOPSIS Method as a Decision Support System." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 14, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.58298.
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Giving rewards for good performance and achievement of tasks needs to be done as a form of recognition and appreciation by the organization/institution to employees, as well as being part of the process of achieving organizational goals. This study aims to develop a Decision Support System that uses the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity (TOPSIS) method with the PHP programming language to select reward recipients at University. The data used came from 2 groups, namely educational staff (lecturers) and non-educative staff (employees). Determination criteria applied to the educative group are 10 things, namely: tenure, DP3 value, the value on the percentage of work attendance, value on the percentage of teaching attendance, value on lecturer functional position, value on research implementation, the value on implementation of community service, value on the results of the questionnaire by students, the value of employment status, and the value of sanctions. There are 5 determinant criteria used in the non-educative group, namely: tenure, DP3 value, percentage of work attendance, the value of employment status, and value of sanctions. The results of this study are in the form of an information system program as a decision-making tool for the process of selecting reward recipient employees.
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Parekh, Justin, Claus U. Niemann, Kim Dang, and Ryutaro Hirose. "Intraoperative Hyperglycemia Augments Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Renal Transplantation: A Prospective Study." Journal of Transplantation 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/652458.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Diabetes is a risk factor for delayed graft function in kidney transplantation, and hyperglycemia increases ischemia reperfusion injury in animal models.Methods. To explore the role of perioperative hyperglycemia in ischemia reperfusion injury, we conducted a prospective study of 40 patients undergoing living donor renal transplantation. Blood glucose levels were monitored intraoperatively, and serum samples were obtained at the time anesthesia was induced and one hour after allograft reperfusion. The percentage change in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a protein whose expression is increased with renal ischemia, was then used to determine the extent of injury.Results. In a multivariate model including recipient, donor, and transplant factors, recipient blood glucose>160 mg/dL at the time of allograft reperfusion (β0.19,P-value < 0.01), warm ischemia time >30 minutes (β0.11,P-value 0.13), and recipient age (β0.05,P-value 0.05) were associated with percentage change in NGAL. These same predictors were associated with the percentage change in creatinine on postoperative day 2.Conclusions. Hyperglycemia is associated with increased ischemic injury in renal transplantation. Both creatinine and NGAL, a marker of ischemic injury and renal function, fall less rapidly in patients with elevated blood glucose.
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Şençimen, Metin, Aydın Gülses, Jülide Özen, Cem Dergin, Kemal Murat Okçu, Simel Ayyıldız, and Hasan Ayberk Altuğ. "Early Detection of Alterations in the Resonance Frequency Assessment of Oral Implant Stability on Various Bone Types: A Clinical Study." Journal of Oral Implantology 37, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00130.
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Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate the relation between bone quality and alterations of implant stability quotient values measured during the initial phase of healing. Nineteen patients treated with 106 implants were included in the current study. The mean bone density of the implant recipient area was measured using Simplant 11 software incorporated in the computerized tomography (CT) machine. Mean bone density measurements were recorded in Hounsfield units. The implant recipient sites were subdivided into 5 groups according to bone quality. The numbers of the structures on the recipient site belonging to D1 and D5 types showed no statistical significance and were excluded. Standard 2-stage surgical technique was utilized to prepare the surgical sites. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) value at implant placement was recorded and did not influence the treatment procedure. The ISQ was measured by an Osstell instrument. The ISQ was further registered on the 21st and 60th days. SPSS statistical software was used for the statistical analysis. In comparison with the time of insertion, the mean values of the ISQ were decreasing for the first 21 days. However, on subsequent days, the ISQ values of all bone types have increased and on the 60th day reached the values recorded at the time of insertion. Analysis of the relation between changes in stability and bone type does not reveal statistical significance. With knowledge of the current clinical study, it can be concluded that bone quality in the recipient bone site does not effect changes in implant stability at the early stages of the osseointegration process.
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Raiborn, Cecily, and Marc Massoud. "Emissions Allowances: Accounting and Public Policy Issues." Accounting and the Public Interest 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/api.2010.10.1.105.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: This paper briefly describes cap and trade programs. Emission allowances in such programs can be used, sold, or retired by recipient companies. Such allowances provide value for the recipient organization and necessitate the determination of proper accounting for their receipt. The accounting suggested by IFRIC 3 is discussed and suggestions are made as to alternative methods to account for emission allowances. However, to truly provide companies with financial incentive to reduce emissions and to retire, rather than sell, their emission allowances, public policy needs to be changed to provide a tax incentive equivalent to the fair market value of retired allowances to compliant companies.