Books on the topic 'Recipient value'
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1
Grabher, Gernot, and Oliver Ibert. Schumpeterian Customers? How Active Users Co-create Innovations. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.36.
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Up until recently, the role of the customer in economic geography seems to have been confined to a passive recipient of products at the end of the value chain. Innovation, in particular, has been conceived as an affair within and between firms. More recently, however, this traditional perception has been challenged. Consumers, in fact, are no longer seen as mere buyers of commodities but are more and more perceived (and perceive themselves) as competent users who contribute valuable knowledge to innovation processes and who have the power and capacity to intervene at all stages in the value creation process. Value co-creation has emerged as a new paradigm that signifies this transformation of the role of consumers. The prime aim of this chapter is to map out the evolving terrain of value co-creation and to draw conclusions for economic geographical inquiry into innovation processes.
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Frey, Bruno S., and Jana Gallus. The Challenges of Using Awards. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798507.003.0008.
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Many awards, such as the Nobel Prizes, are accompanied by money, but in most cases what really matters is the honour and recognition received. The benefits and costs of using awards must be compared to those of other devices for fostering motivation, such as monetary bonuses, gifts, or verbal praise. It must also be considered how the award can best be combined with alternative motivators. An inflationary use of awards undermines their value. When a particular award is handed out too liberally, recipients and the public may even ridicule it. Award inflation can partly be countered by creating new ranks or new awards. Awards fail when they are given to undeserving recipients or when they are rejected. Non-recipients of awards may engage in destructive behaviours. Negative effects can be countered by emphasizing collaborative efforts and the award recipient’s representative role.
3
Reese, Ellen, Stephanie D'Auria, and Sandra Loughrin. Gender. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.019.
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Reconceptualizing welfare-state regimes in terms of the interactions between markets, states, and gender and family relations, cross-national feminist scholarship reveals that the United States is relatively more "market-based" in its approach to both employment and care work than other wealthy democracies. Consequently female poverty, especially of lone mothers, is far higher in the United States compared to other wealthy democracies. Feminist scholarship also highlights the ways in which U.S. welfare programs are deeply gendered in terms of their underlying philosophies, recipient populations, and distribution of benefits. Feminist scholars have reconceptualized the origins and development of the U.S. welfare state in terms of a "two-track" system that has reinforced both gender and racial inequalities. Programs serving mostly men, such as veterans' benefits or unemployment insurance, provided relatively generous benefits and portrayed recipients as deserving. In contrast, programs serving mostly women, such as mothers' pensions, were relatively stingy, restrictive, and stigmatizing. At the beginning of the 20th century, reformers justified welfare for lone mothers in maternalist terms, emphasizing the value of full-time motherhood for child development. Support for maternalist welfare policies, although never strong, was further weakened as maternal employment grew and as more women of color and unwed mothers gained access to welfare. Since the late 1960s, efforts to reform the welfare system led to the expansion of federal welfare-to-work programs, which have largely tracked participants into low-wage jobs. Child-care subsidies also expanded in this period, but have remained relatively minimal and distributed in ways that reinforced class divisions among working families.
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Tamburello, Anthony C. Prescribed medication abuse. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0031.
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Community abuse of prescription medication is typically limited to overuse or inappropriate sharing of medication. In jails and prisons, the demand characteristics are dramatically altered, creating an elaborate laboratory for medication alteration, diversion, and abuse. While prescription medications are sometimes used to achieve a ‘high,’ they may also be sought to ease discomforts commonly experienced in a jail or prison. Some may seek stimulating medications to counteract the effects of prescribed sedatives to allow them to be ready to respond to real or perceived dangers. Thus, inmates may feign or exaggerate mood, anxiety, psychotic, or somatic symptoms with the goal of being prescribed medications with the desired effects. More insidious is the diversion of prescribed medications to a third party. Many prescribed medicines have a ‘street value’ in correctional settings. A patient with a legitimate need for medication, who may already have poor illness insight, may be enticed or coerced into transferring their medication to a peer. This creates several dangerous problems. The source inmate may worsen or fail to improve, which may lead to dose escalation, an incorrect conclusion about a treatment failure, poor functioning, and behavioral sequelae including disruptive or violent conduct. Meanwhile, the recipient is exposed to medication risks without the benefits of informed consent or medical supervision. This chapter presents data on specific classes of prescribed medication abuses, methods of abuse, and approaches to minimize abuse or diversion of prescribed medications.
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Hughes, Jessica. Tiny and Fragmented Votive Offerings from Classical Antiquity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.003.0003.
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This chapter addresses tiny and fragmented votive offerings from the ancient Greco-Roman world. The first half of the chapter surveys different kinds of votive fragmentation, ranging from objects that were physically ruptured before dedication, to conceptually ‘partial’ offerings like tithes and first fruits. I argue that the deliberate or accidental breakage of votives often paradoxically increased the value and meaning of the offering in the eyes of the community and recipient deity. I also introduce the possibility that all votives might be seen as fragments, insofar as they constitute part of a worshiper’s property or converted wealth (an idea inherent in the ancient concepts of dekatē and aparchē). The second half of the chapter then focuses on one particular type of fragmented votive—the model body part. Tiny body parts made in clay and metal began to be dedicated in the Middle Minoan and then the Archaic Greek periods, and continued to appear alongside the life-sized (or near life-sized) anatomical votives that were a feature of later Hellenistic and Roman ritual. I explore some of the possible resonances of these votives’ tiny sizes, emphasizing how far these miniature objects facilitate (or even demand) intimate touch and handling. Finally, I explore the possibility that the miniature votives in Hellenistic and Roman times may have harkened back to the diminutive offerings of earlier periods, thus functioning as symbols of cultural memory, and tiny generators of nostalgia.
6
Yü, Ying-shih. Chinese History and Culture. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231178600.001.0001.
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The recipient of the Kluge Prize for lifetime achievement in the humanities, Ying-shih Yü is a premier scholar of Chinese studies. Chinese History and Culture volumes 1 and 2 bring his extraordinary oeuvre to English-speaking readers. Spanning two thousand years of social, intellectual, and political change, the essays in these volumes investigate two central questions through all aspects of Chinese life: what core values sustained this ancient civilization through centuries of upheaval, and in what ways did these values survive in modern times?
7
Fögen, Thorsten. Ancient Approaches to Letter-Writing and the Configuration of Communities through Epistles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804208.003.0002.
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The chapter explores reflections on the practice of letter-writing, with equal attention to instructional handbooks (esp. Demetrius’ Περὶ ἑρμηνείας, Iulius Victor’s Rhetorica, Pseudo-Demetrius’ Τύποι ἐπιστολικοί, Pseudo-Libanius’ Ἐπιστολιμαῖοι χαρακτῆρες, and Erasmus of Rotterdam’s De conscribendis epistolis) and the meta-generic statements that letter-writers routinely embed in their correspondence (with a special focus on Cicero, Ovid, Seneca, and Pliny the Younger). In both types of sources, what one might call the social dimension of style registers as a primary concern: in order for the letter to fulfil its purpose, namely to generate a special bond between sender and recipient, the chosen idiolect has to be ‘appropriate’ (πρέπον/aptum) to the interpersonal relationship and its specific circumstances and exigencies. Shared stylistic values and the willingness of the letter-writer to adjust his character to that of the recipient generate a sense of community between the correspondents.
8
Birch, Jonathan. Hamilton’s Rule as an Organizing Framework. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733058.003.0002.
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Queller’s version of Hamilton’s rule (HRG), derived from the Price equation, states that the mean breeding value for a social character increases if and only if rb > c, where r is the coefficient of relatedness between social partners, b is the benefit conferred on recipients, and c is the cost incurred by actors. The value of HRG lies in its ability to provide an organizing framework for social evolution theory, helping us to interpret, classify, and compare more detailed models of particular scenarios. HRG does this by allowing us to classify causal explanations of positive change by their commitments regarding the sign of rb and c. This leads to a four-part taxonomy of explanations, comprising indirect fitness explanations, direct fitness explanations, hybrid explanations, and wholly or partially non-selective explanations. There are plausible instances of all four categories in the natural world.
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Graf, David F. The Silk Road between Syria and China. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790662.003.0015.
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This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the archaeological and written evidence for the so-called Silk Roads and the development of trade along them between the second century BC and the end of the Han dynasty in the early second century AD. The Silk Road trade at the Chinese end originated epiphenomenally on the practice of state tribute and diplomatic embassies, as tribute in kind and diplomatic gifts were resold by their enterprising recipients. As trade developed along the routes westwards and gained its own momentum, its value was harnessed by the state in the form of heavy customs dues. Rather than a coordinated route utilized by merchants travelling the length of the terrain between China and Rome, the picture emerging is that of segmented trade involving various merchants.
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Frey, Bruno S., and Jana Gallus. Awards in Firms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798507.003.0006.
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Money is not always successful in sustaining and raising employee motivation. When money is perceived to be controlling, financial incentives may backfire and undermine motivation. High-powered incentives can also lead to strategic behaviour and gaming. Many firms are aware of the limitations of monetary incentives. They use non-financial rewards in an effort to sustain and raise employee motivation. Awards are a special kind of non-financial yet extrinsic incentive, whose value resides primarily in the recognition conveyed among peers and in the public. Awards are used in firms to raise employees’ motivation, to foster retention, and to establish role models. They are a valuable component of organizations’ human resource strategy. Outside the boundaries of the firm awards are used to set standards, to establish norms, and to support innovation. Awards may have unintended motivational effects, particularly on non-recipients. Awards may create and foster competitive advantage.
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Michael, Damian, and David Lindenmayer. Rocky Outcrops in Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486307913.
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Rocky outcrops are landscape features with disproportionately high biodiversity values relative to their size. They support specialised plants and animals, and a wide variety of endemic species. To Indigenous Australians, they are sacred places and provide valuable resources. Despite their ecological and cultural importance, many rocky outcrops and associated biota are threatened by agricultural and recreational activities, forestry and mining operations, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes and climate change.
Rocky Outcrops in Australia: Ecology, Conservation and Management contains chapters on why this habitat is important, the animals that live and depend on these formations, key threatening processes and how rocky outcrops can be managed to improve biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes, state forests and protected areas. This book will be an important reference for landholders, Landcare groups, naturalists interested in Australian wildlife and natural resource managers.
Recipient of the 2018 Whitley Certificate of Commendation for Landscape Zoology
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Frey, Bruno S., and Jana Gallus. Honours as Signals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798507.003.0007.
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Awards are non-material and symbolic rewards, and do not necessarily have to go with money. Award givers may emit signals of quality, of intent, and of their beliefs. Managers can use the signalling functions of awards to subtly steer the behaviour of (present and future) employees, without having to recur to control through explicit, conditional incentives. Awards can also give rise to signalling failures. They have to be used with moderation, and they can rarely be substituted for money where money is already in place. If well designed, awards can raise intrinsic motivation, as the recipients are explicitly lauded when they receive the award. In comparison to money, awards tend to raise loyalty to the giver and avoid crowding out intrinsic motivation; moreover, they have a more sustainable effect on behaviour. They also remain visible in the future, creating a trophy value that maintains the awards’ salience and their signalling functions even over the medium and long term.
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Yao, Xine. Disaffected. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022107.
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In Disaffected Xine Yao explores the racial and sexual politics of unfeeling—affects that are not recognized as feeling—as a means of survival and refusal in nineteenth-century America. She positions unfeeling beyond sentimentalism's paradigm of universal feeling. Yao traces how works by Herman Melville, Martin R. Delany, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, and Sui Sin Far engaged major sociopolitical issues in ways that resisted the weaponization of white sentimentalism against the lives of people of color. Exploring variously pathologized, racialized, queer, and gendered affective modes like unsympathetic Blackness, queer female frigidity, and Oriental inscrutability, these authors departed from the values that undergird the politics of recognition and the liberal project of inclusion. By theorizing feeling otherwise as an antisocial affect, form of dissent, and mode of care, Yao suggests that unfeeling can serve as a contemporary political strategy for people of color to survive in the face of continuing racism and white fragility. Duke University Press Scholars of Color First Book Award recipient
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Blank, Thomas O., Lara Descartes, and Marysol Asencio. Male Patients and Their Male Caregivers (DRAFT). Edited by Youngmee Kim and Matthew J. Loscalzo. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190462253.003.0006.
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There is a dearth of literature on male-to-male caregiving relationships generally and almost none specific to cancer. Some prior studies have included male caregivers and/or male care recipients, but they have rarely separated out male–male dyads for analysis. Thus, without access to much research specific to male–male caregiving for cancer, this chapter draws on related and relevant literature, such as that on men caring for men with AIDS and interactions within prostate cancer support groups. These findings are used to describe what male–male caregiving may look like. A consideration of how female caregiving is typically foregrounded and valued in the caregiving literature is used to critique the current state of knowledge of male caregiving, and the large research gap in this field is identified.
15
Edvardsen, Thor. Cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and the transplanted heart. Edited by Frank Flachskampf. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0094.
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Echocardiography is an excellent tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and the transplanted heart. It is the preferred method for assessment of ventricular function and valvular dysfunction and is of great value in decision-making in these patients. The different types of cardiomyopathies can usually be differentiated by echocardiography. Speckle tracking echocardiography has increased our awareness on early staging of the disease and the progress of cardiomyopathies. This chapter will explain important features of the most common cardiomyopathies and how echocardiography should be utilized. Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis include non-specific features such as decreased left ventricular function, wall motion abnormalities, and texture changes. These findings will in certain circumstances often prompt the awareness of myocarditis. Echocardiography has an important diagnostic position in patients with end-stage heart failure. The chapter will explain how echocardiography can be used in the screening period of recipients and donors, and how it can be an essential diagnostic tool in the perioperative and postoperative phases of cardiac transplantation.
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Yü, Ying-shih. Chinese History and Culture. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231178587.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The recipient of the Kluge Prize for lifetime achievement in the humanities, Ying-shih Yü is a premier scholar of Chinese studies. Chinese History and Culture volumes 1 and 2 bring his extraordinary oeuvre to English-speaking readers. Spanning two thousand years of social, intellectual, and political change, the essays in these volumes investigate two central questions through all aspects of Chinese life: what core values sustained this ancient civilization through centuries of upheaval, and in what ways did these values survive in modern times? From Yü Ying-shih’s perspective, the Dao, or the Way, constitutes the inner core of Chinese civilization. His work explores the unique dynamics between Chinese intellectuals’ discourse on the Dao, or moral principles for a symbolized ideal world order, and their criticism of contemporary reality throughout Chinese history. Volume 1 of Chinese History and Culture explores how the Dao was reformulated, expanded, defended, and preserved by Chinese intellectuals up to the seventeenth century, guiding them through history’s darkest turns. Essays incorporate the evolving conception of the soul and the afterlife in pre- and post-Buddhist China, the significance of eating practices and social etiquette, the move toward greater individualism, the rise of the Neo-Daoist movement, the spread of Confucian ethics, and the growth of merchant culture and capitalism. A true panorama of Chinese culture’s continuities and transition, Yü Ying-shih’s two-volume Chinese History and Culture gives readers of all backgrounds a unique education in the meaning of Chinese civilization.
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Lindenmayer, David, Damian Michael, Mason Crane, Sachiko Okada, Daniel Florance, Philip Barton, and Karen Ikin. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486303113.
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An increasing number of Australians want to be assured that the food and fibre being produced on this continent have been grown and harvested in an ecologically sustainable way. Ecologically sustainable farming conserves the array of species that are integral to key ecological processes such as pollination, seed dispersal, natural pest control and the decomposition of waste.
Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes communicates new scientific information about best practice ways to integrate conservation and agriculture in the temperate eucalypt woodland belt of eastern Australia. It is based on the large body of scientific literature in this field, as well as long-term studies at 790 permanent sites on over 290 farms extending throughout Victoria, New South Wales and south-east Queensland.
Richly illustrated, with chapters on birds, mammals, reptiles, invertebrates and plants, this book illustrates how management interventions can promote nature conservation and what practices have the greatest benefit for biodiversity. Together the new insights in this book inform whole-of-farm planning.
Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes is an ideal resource for land managers and farmers interested in integrating farming and environmental values and anyone interested in biodiversity in woodlands and agricultural zones.
Recipient of a 2017 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Conservation in Action
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Tax administration: Earned income credit--data on noncompliance and illegal alien recipients : report to the Honorable William V. Roth, Jr., U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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Tax administration: Earned income credit--data on noncompliance and illegal alien recipients : report to the Honorable William V. Roth, Jr., U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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20
Gustavsson, Gina, and David Miller, eds. Liberal Nationalism and Its Critics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842545.001.0001.
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The thesis of liberal nationalism is that national identities can serve as a source of unity in culturally diverse liberal societies, thereby lending support to democracy and social justice. The chapters in this book examine that thesis from both normative and empirical perspectives, in the latter case using survey data or psychological experiments from the USA, Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, France, and the UK. They explore how people understand what it means to belong to their nation, and show that different aspects of national attachment—national identity, national pride, and national chauvinism—have contrasting effects on support for redistribution and on attitudes towards immigrants. The psychological mechanisms that may explain why people’s identity matters for their willingness to extend support to others are examined in depth. Equally important is how the potential recipients of such support are perceived. ‘Ethnic’ and ‘civic’ conceptions of national identity are often contrasted, but the empirical basis for such a distinction is shown to be weak. In their place, a cultural conception of national identity is explored, and defended against the charge that it is ‘essentialist’ and therefore exclusive of minorities. Particular attention is given to the role that religion can legitimately play within such identities. Finally the book examines the challenges involved in integrating immigrants, dual nationals, and other minorities into the national community. It shows that although these groups mostly share the liberal values of the majority, their full inclusion depends on whether they are seen as committed and trustworthy members of the national ‘we’.
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Michelson, Melissa R., and Brian F. Harrison. Transforming Prejudice. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068882.001.0001.
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Over the last few decades, public opinion has shifted dramatically to be more supportive of gay and lesbian people and their rights, including support for same-sex relationships and marriage. Support for transgender people and rights, in contrast, remains relatively low. As a result, transgender people suffer from discrimination and violence. Shifting attitudes toward transgender people requires a new approach to persuasive communication, one that recognizes the discomfort that many people feel about the subject but also one that appeals to core values and emotions in a way that encourages them to shift their perspective. This book introduces a new theory—Identity Reassurance Theory—which outlines how to transform prejudice against transgender people. The book provides concrete suggestions about how to reduce defensive reactions, helping people take a journey from prejudice to support. Support for Identity Reassurance Theory comes from a series of experiments conducted with individuals face to face, via the Internet, and in the laboratory. When individuals are put in a happier state of mind or when they are reminded about the good in people, they are more supportive of transgender rights. When they are told a story about a mother who did not support transgender people and rights until her own child came out as transgender, they are more likely to support transgender rights. In these and other experiments, Transforming Prejudice describes a method of boosting the self-esteem of recipients of communication to lower their defenses and to encourage them to be more accepting of others who are different than they are.