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Journal articles on the topic 'Recidivism'
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1
Omboto, John Onyango, Gidraph G. Wairire, and Mike Chepkong’a. "The profile of recidivists in Kenya: The case of prisoners at Nairobi county prison institutions." South African Journal of Criminal Justice 33, no. 3 (2020): 708–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/sacj/v33/i3a10.
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Recidivists are chronic, multiple or prolific offenders. They continue to commit crimes regardless of punishment. Recidivism is a worldwide problem which has persisted over the years. A University of Nairobi study conducted in Nairobi County, Kenya on the linkage between punishment and recidivism which involved recidivist prisoners at Kamiti Maximum Security Prison and Langata Prison; male and female institutions respectively, sought to, among others, analyse the broad characteristics of recidivists in the two institutions. The study purposively selected a sample of 167 participants, and collected data by use of questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were utilised in data analysis. The study established that the majority of the recidivists are males, and young adults or individuals in middle age who are either illiterate or semiliterate. They are also not in marital relationships, and are members of the lower social classes among other characteristics. This paper presents a literature review on challenges facing prison institutions in Kenya, causes and control strategies of recidivism among prisoners, general socio-demographic and personality characteristics of recidivists, and the study findings on the profile of the recidivists in Kenya.
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Irfan, Almas, and Dr Rafia Rafique. "Mental Health and Criminological Profile of Juvenile Recidivists: An Indigenous Exploration of Juvenile Recidivism in Punjab Prisons." Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v3i2.107.
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One of the significant goals of criminology is to identify the difference between offenders who re-offend and those who do not and related risk factors for re-offending. In this context, it was hypothesised that there would likely to be an association in criminological and mental health profiles of recidivist and non-recidivist juvenile offenders incarcerated in Punjab Prisons. The sample comprised of recidivist (n = 158) and non-recidivist (n = 321) juvenile offenders incarcerated in different Prisons and Borstal Institutes of Punjab, Pakistan. A literature-based demographic sheet was developed to collect data. Findings showed that type of crime and gang affiliation were significantly associated with recidivism (offend, re-offend). Recidivist juvenile offenders started their criminal career significantly earlier, had more average number of charges/cases, and spent more time in custody than non-recidivist juvenile offenders. Moreover, history of the psychological issues, occasional/chronic use of drugs, history of self-harm, aggressive tendencies, and gambling addiction were significantly associated with recidivism (offend, re-offend) in juvenile offenders. The study provided the basis for the researchers and policymakers to devise and suggest a need-based corrective plan for juvenile recidivists to reduce re-offending. Moreover, this study provided baseline data for future researchers to plan further studies with this subgroup (recidivists).
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Gerrish, Ashley W., Mark E. Hamill, Tonja M. Locklear, Katie L. Bower, Daniel I. Lollar, Emily R. Faulks, Miguel Matos, Michael S. Nussbaum, and Bryan R. Collier. "Trauma Recidivism Postdischarge Mortality: Important Differences Exist between the Adult and Geriatric Populations." American Surgeon 85, no. 7 (July 2019): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500723.
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Trauma recidivists are a high-risk patient population. The effects of recidivism on Geriatric trauma mortality have not been investigated. Our hypothesis is that trauma recidivism is associated with high postdischarge mortality after the initial index admission in both the geriatric and adult trauma populations. The trauma registry of our Level I trauma center was queried for patients evaluated between 2008 and 2012. Patients were stratified adult (18–64) and geriatric (≥65) groups and matched with mortality data from the National Death Index. Unique patients were identified and recidivists flagged. Statistical analysis was performed based on characteristics from the index admission using nonparametric tests, and Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to examine postdischarge mortality after index admission for recidivists. A total of 8716 records met inclusion criteria; 800 recidivist records were identified representing 369 unique patients. Recidivists presented between 2 and 7 times. Recidivists were more likely to be male, required ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, had a longer median length of stay, were less likely to discharge home, and had a higher postdischarge mortality. Stratifying into adult and geriatric groups demonstrated significant differences in injury severity, injury patterns, length of stay, race, gender, mechanism, and postdischarge mortality. Recidivists demonstrated a higher postdischarge mortality in both groups with the geriatric group approaching 46 per cent. Trauma recidivists represent an at-risk group with significantly higher postdischarge mortality. Group characteristics differ significantly between the adult and geriatric recidivist populations. Further research is needed to identify modifiable risk factors in these populations to minimize risks of morbidity and mortality.
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Erdogan, Mete, Nelofar Kureshi, Mark Asbridge, and Robert S. Green. "Trauma recidivism in a Canadian province: a 14-year registry review." CJEM 21, no. 4 (January 30, 2019): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.496.
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ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the rate of recurrent major trauma (i.e., trauma recidivism) using a provincial population-based trauma registry. We compared outcomes between recidivists and non-recidivists, and assessed factors associated with recidivism and mortality.MethodsReview of all adult (>17 years) major trauma patients in Nova Scotia (2001–2015) using data from the Nova Scotia Trauma Registry. Outcomes of interest were mortality, duration of hospital stay, and in-hospital complications. Multiple regression was used to assess factors associated with recidivism and mortality.ResultsOf 9,365 major trauma patients, 2% (150/9365) were recidivists. Mean age at initial injury was 52 ± 21.5 years; 73% were male. The mortality rate for both recidivists and non-recidivists was 31%. However, after adjusting for potential confounders the likelihood of mortality was over 3 times greater for recidivists compared to non-recidivists (OR 3.67, 95% CI 2.06–6.54). Other factors associated with mortality included age, male gender, penetrating injury, Injury Severity Score, trauma team activation (TTA) and admission to the intensive care unit. The only variables associated with recidivism were age (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–1.00) and TTA (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.34–0.96).ConclusionsThis is the first provincial investigation of major trauma recidivism in Canada. While recidivism was infrequent (2%), the adjusted odds of mortality were over three times greater for recidivists. Further research is warranted to determine the effectiveness of strategies for reducing rates of major trauma recidivism such as screening and brief intervention in cases of violence or substance abuse.
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Islam, Sunjida, and Antora Goswami. "A STUDY ON CRIMINAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE RECIDIVIST AND ITS REMEDIAL ACTIONS REGARDING THE CRIMINAL LAW OF BANGLADESH." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3249.
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In Criminology, recidivism is one of the most fundamental concepts. Recidivism connotes to an individual’s relapse into criminal behavior, which was already punished or has been the object of intervention. Recidivism is a criminal act that resulted in re-arrest, reconvic-tion or returns into jail with or without a new sentence after the prisoner’s release. Recidi-vism is measured through chronic criminal behavior leading to numerous re-arrests and re-imprisonments. Studies have found that more than one-half of the imprisoned have been served sentences for committing previous offenses. And the main reasons behind this are the habitual criminal behavior of the criminal, to short time of imprisonment and inade-quate measures taken by the penal institutions. Now in Bangladesh, recidivism is the most critical challenge to counterterrorism. Though the number of recidivists grows in the pris-ons of Bangladesh because of the gaps in the country’s judicial system, it is very essential to address them with a long aspect. The aim of this study is to explain the causes of the criminal behavior of the recidivist and suggest some recommendations for reducing recidi-vism from Bangladesh.
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Filippova, Olga V. "Recidivist criminals: Classification and typology." Ugolovnaya yustitsiya, no. 19 (2022): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23088451/19/19.
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In criminology, data on persons who have committed a crime are generalised, and, based on it, classified and typologised. Classification of criminals involves their grouping on a single, individual basis; typology summarises the totality of social features typical of recidivist criminals. Based on the analysis of criminal record statistics, the article identifies the criteria for classifying recidivists and shows their distribution by groups, reviews typologies of recidivists and determines their bases. Recidivists' classification and typology allow systematising knowledge about their composition and determining the dynamics of their criminogenicity. Criminal statistics provide a number of classification criteria: statistical reporting forms contain data on the socio-demographic and criminal legal characteristics of convicts who had a criminal record at the time of the commission of a new crime. The typology of recidivists is based on the following criteria: the type of the crime, socio-psychological and pathopsychological features, reasons for a person's return to criminal activity, impact of the situation on recidivism. Recidivists are primarily criminogenic types since they repeatedly commit crimes. The most common is the mercenary type of recidivists: they commit thefts to solve financial problems in any suitable situation. The most common reasons for recidivism are the lack of a permanent job and alcohol abuse.
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Terranova, Claudio, Giovanni Forza, Elena Beccegato, Angelo Ruggeri, Guido Viel, Alessia Viero, and Massimo Montisci. "Cigarette Smoking as a Predictor of Male DUI Recidivism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 10761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010761.
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This study aimed to investigate the predictors of recidivism in first-time driving under the influence (DUI) offenders, analyzing variables derived from medico-legal and toxicological examinations. The research was structured as a comparative study for the period 2012–2019. DUI offenders with a blood alcohol concentration >0.5 were included in the study. The case group consisted of recidivist offenders, while the comparison group consisted of first-time offenders. Personal data, socioeconomics, and parameters linked to the DUI were compared between the two groups. Significance was determined by chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. To prevent confounding effects, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Our sample encompassed 1678 subjects (196 in the case group, 1482 in the comparison group). Gender, driving license category, education, and tobacco use resulted in significant differences between the groups. In a model including age at DUI, education, and smoking habit as independent variables, higher educational levels (high school, bachelor’s) and older age protected against recidivism, whereas smoking >20 cigarettes/day was an independent risk factor for recidivism. Recidivist offenders have specific characteristics indicating different therapeutic programs and carefulness in driving license regranting. A higher tobacco consumption in recidivists suggests that the use of this substance could influence the risk of DUI for reasons that will need to be explored.
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Terranova, Claudio, Giovanni Forza, Elena Beccegato, Angelo Ruggeri, Guido Viel, Alessia Viero, and Massimo Montisci. "Cigarette Smoking as a Predictor of Male DUI Recidivism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 10761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010761.
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This study aimed to investigate the predictors of recidivism in first-time driving under the influence (DUI) offenders, analyzing variables derived from medico-legal and toxicological examinations. The research was structured as a comparative study for the period 2012–2019. DUI offenders with a blood alcohol concentration >0.5 were included in the study. The case group consisted of recidivist offenders, while the comparison group consisted of first-time offenders. Personal data, socioeconomics, and parameters linked to the DUI were compared between the two groups. Significance was determined by chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. To prevent confounding effects, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Our sample encompassed 1678 subjects (196 in the case group, 1482 in the comparison group). Gender, driving license category, education, and tobacco use resulted in significant differences between the groups. In a model including age at DUI, education, and smoking habit as independent variables, higher educational levels (high school, bachelor’s) and older age protected against recidivism, whereas smoking >20 cigarettes/day was an independent risk factor for recidivism. Recidivist offenders have specific characteristics indicating different therapeutic programs and carefulness in driving license regranting. A higher tobacco consumption in recidivists suggests that the use of this substance could influence the risk of DUI for reasons that will need to be explored.
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Iudici, Antonio, Fela Boccato, and Elena Faccio. "Perspectives on recidivists: the views of detainees, the general public and people working with offenders." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i1.356.
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There is ample evidence on recidivism including its relationships with drug use, addiction, mental illness and security problems; however there has been less research based on direct accounts of detainee experiences and on the experience of people who try to prevent recidivism. The aim of this research was to describe how recidivism is perceived and dealt with by different actors: offenders (recidivists and non-recidivists), pedagogical operators and the public. The wider objective of the study was to identify ways in which various stakeholders can facilitate social reintegration of prisoners. The interviews revealed marked differences in how recidivism is interpreted; these affect both management of recidivism risk and the rehabilitation process, which involves society. The results suggest some ways of reducing recidivism, such as work groups among the actors involved, educational opportunities for offenders and the implementation of reintegration projects according to the laws on alternatives to prison.
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Gallassi, Andrea Donatti, Samantha Lima dos Santos, Vagner dos Santos, Eduardo Yoshio Nakano, Benedikt Fischer, Ana Lúcia Galinkin, and Gabriela Arantes Wagner. "Factors associated with recidivism among adolescents girls in conflict with the law in an institution in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, no. 12 (December 2015): 2569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00171014.
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Abstract Recidivism is a challenge for the Brazilian socio-educational system because it is associated with personal, social and environmental factors, especially among juvenile offenders. This study examined key characteristics and potential association with recidivism in 391 female adolescent offenders from a correctional institution in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil, between 2004 and 2011. Cross-sectional data on socio-demographics, drug use and offense characteristics from institutional information were examined. Associate factors with recidivism were examined using negative binomial regression analyses. 32.5% of offenders were recidivists at present admission and the mean frequency of recidivism among recidivists was 2.16. About half (53.6%) of the sample reported drug use. After the adjustment, recidivism was positively associated with: age; offender’s drug use; residence status; offense type; and no family drug use. Factors associated with juvenile offenders’ recidivism confirm findings from elsewhere, and should inform targeted interventions in Brazil.
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Marko, Karoline. "“If we don’t take them off our streets, they’re going to continue to prey on innocent people.”." Linguistik Online 127, no. 3 (April 8, 2024): 51–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.127.11088.
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Mass incarceration and high rates of recidivism in the United States have long been discussed in the scientific literature. A punitive culture has fostered harsh punishments and incarceration without considerable effects on recidivism rates. At the same time, research has indicated that rehabilitative measures and treatment programs for offenders have positive effects on their reintegration into society and help to reduce recidivism rates. In the present study, the discourse surrounding recidivism in the New York Times and the New York Post is investigated with a corpus of 666,290 words. The analyses indicate that the New York Times encourages a discussion of rehabilitative measures and adopts a view of recidivism that highlights recidivists’ potential for change. The New York Post, on the other hand, takes a more conservative approach and adopts a more dire view of recidivists, considering recidivism as a character trait rather than an indicator for the relative success of rehabilitation programs.
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Green, R., J. Nunn, and M. Erdogan. "LO035: The prevalence of alcohol-related trauma recidivism: a systematic review." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.72.
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Introduction: Recurrent admission to a hospital or trauma centre for separate incidents of traumatic injury is known as trauma recidivism. Although use of alcohol is a known risk factor for injury and associated with trauma recidivism, the scale of alcohol-related trauma recidivism has not been well described. The purpose of this review was to search the published literature for studies that evaluated the prevalence of alcohol use among trauma recidivists. Our primary objective was to determine the proportion of trauma recidivism related to alcohol use. The association between alcohol and trauma recidivism was evaluated as a secondary objective. Methods: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) were searched from inception until December 2015 for all articles that might provide evidence on the proportion of trauma recidivism related to use of alcohol. After removal of duplicates, the search strategy yielded 2470 records for screening. Only primary studies that reported on repeated admissions to a hospital or trauma center for traumatic injuries specifically related to alcohol use were included. Descriptive statistics were used to assess study characteristics and the prevalence of trauma recidivism related to alcohol use. An aggregate weighted estimate of alcohol-related trauma recidivism was calculated. Results: A total of 12 studies met all inclusion criteria. Studies were published between 1989 and 2014. Overall, there were 3386 trauma recidivists among included studies. The proportion of trauma recidivists with evidence of alcohol use on admission ranged from 26.7% to 76.9% (median 46.4%). The aggregated sample produced a weighted estimate of 41.0% (1388/3386) for alcohol-related trauma recidivism. In four studies, the association between alcohol and trauma recidivism was examined; all four found a positive association between alcohol use and repeated admission for traumatic injury. Studies varied considerably in design, trauma populations, periods for evaluating recidivism, definitions for positive alcohol on admission, and methods used to determine alcohol use. Conclusion: Evidence from current literature suggests that 41.0% of trauma recidivism is related to use of alcohol. Due to methodological limitations among the studies included for review, this may underestimate the actual prevalence of alcohol-related trauma recidivism.
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Almond, Louise, Michelle McManus, David Brian, and Daniel Peter Merrington. "Exploration of the risk factors contained within the UK’s existing domestic abuse risk assessment tool (DASH): do these risk factors have individual predictive validity regarding recidivism?" Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-01-2016-0211.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore risk factors contained in the existing UK domestic abuse (DA) risk assessment tool: domestic abuse, stalking and harassment and honour-based violence (DASH) for individual predictive validity of DA recidivism using data from Devon and Cornwall Constabulary. Design/methodology/approach In total, 1,441 DA perpetrators were monitored over a 12-month period, and 270 (18.7 per cent) went on to commit a further DA offence. The individual risk factors which were associated and predictive of increased risk of recidivism were identified. Findings Only four of the individual risk factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of DA recidivism: “criminal history”, “problems with alcohol”, “separation” and “frightened”. Therefore, 21 of the risk factor items analysed could not discriminate between non-recidivist and recidivist perpetrators. Only two risk factors were able to significantly predict the recidivist group when compared to the non-recidivist group. These were identified as “criminal history” and “separated”. Of those who did commit a further DA offence in the following 12 months, 133 were violent and 137 were non-violent. The risk factors associated with these types of recidivism are identified. Practical implications The implications for UK police practice and the DASH risk assessment tool are discussed. By identifying key individual factors that can prioritise those individuals likely to recidivate and the severity of that recidivism, this could assist police decision making regarding the response and further prevention of DA incidents. The validation of association between individual factors and DA recidivism should improve the accuracy of risk levels. Originality/value This is the first large-scale validation of the individual risk factors contained within the UK’s DA risk assessment tool. It should be noted that the validity of the DASH tool itself was not examined within the current study.
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Filippova, O. V. "The state of recurrent crime in the Siberian federal district." Siberian Law Herald 1 (2023): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2023.1.72.
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Based on the statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation on recidivism in Russia and the Siberian Federal District (hereinafter referred to as the SFD), the main indicators of recidivism crime are determined - the level, structure of the dynamics and conclusions are drawn about the state and trends in the development of recidivism in the SFD and its individual subjects. The article shows that increased rates of recidivism are recorded in the Siberian Federal District, there are differences in the structure of recidivism from all-Russian crime. The conclusion is made about the increased rates of recidivism in the Siberian Federal District and individual subjects included in its composition, the features of the structure of recidivism in the Siberian Federal District and its differences from the all-Russian crime are highlighted. It was found that the volume of recidivism and persons who had previously committed crimes in the Siberian Federal District increased throughout the study period. The proportion of recidivist crimes in the Siberian Federal District in the total number of those investigated is the highest in the country. The largest number of recidivist crimes is registered in the Kemerovo region, Krasnoyarsk and Altai territories, Irkutsk region. The recidivism rate per 100,000 people in the Siberian Federal District is 1.5 times higher than the Russian average; in some subjects of the Siberian Federal District it exceeds the same indicator in the country to an even greater extent (the Republics of Altai, Tyva and Khakassia). It is argued that the most recidivist subjects of the Siberian Federal District are regions with a high level of general crime: the Republics of Tyva, Altai and Khakassia, where recidivism rates are 2-2.5 times higher than the national average, the level of general crime exceeds the Russian indicator by 1.9, 1, 6 and 1.5 times, respectively. In the structure of recidivism in the Siberian Federal District, a large share is occupied by crimes against life and health, as well as crimes against traffic safety and transport operation. In addition, compared with Russian indicators, the Siberian Federal District has a higher proportion of probationers among those who have committed a relapse. In the subjects of the Siberian Federal District, in which the share of crimes against property is higher than the national average, crimes against life and health occupy a relatively small share.
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Ahmed Taro, Sultan, and Abdal Muhammed Qadir. "Iraqi Criminal Recidivism Policy Reform." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 12, no. 2 (May 14, 2023): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n2a1767.
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When a person commits one or more crimes, after s/he has been finally convicted for previous crime is known as recidivist. While many studies have been conducted focusing on the factors that contribute of recidivism attempting to reduce it, this research focuses on the criminal policy approach as a tool to desist criminal from reoffending. The first part of this research focuses on the concept of recidivism, types and legal provisions that governs recidivism with clarifying Iraqi penal code(IPC) and juvenile's welfare act (IJWA) adoption approach. The second part attempts to provide a reform of the Iraqi criminal recidivism policy by adopting temporary recidivism type instead of permanent in which empower self-rehabilitation concept of criminals.
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Cuervo, Keren, and Lidón Villanueva. "Prediction of Recidivism With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (Reduced Version) in a Sample of Young Spanish Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 11 (November 14, 2017): 3562–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17741250.
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Intervention in youth recidivism is critical in helping prevent young people from continuing their criminal career into adulthood, on a life-course-persistent trajectory. Andrews and Bonta attempt to provide an explanation of risk and protective factors using a conversion of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), which predicts recidivism. In this study, scores have been obtained from 382 adolescents ( M age = 16.33 years) from the juvenile court, to check the ability of a reduced version of the YLS/CMI, to predict recidivism. The outcome variables for recidivism were examined in the 2-year follow-up period, after their first assessment in the court. The risk factors showed good levels of recidivism prediction. Recidivists obtained significant higher mean total risk scores than nonrecidivists in the reduced ( M = 6.54, SD = 2.44; M = 3.66, SD = 2.85), with areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from .601 to .857. The factors that emerged as the most discriminative were education/employment, criminal friends, and personality. All the protective factors differentiated between recidivists and nonrecidivists. The results, therefore, showed that this reduced version would be capable of predicting youth recidivism in a reliable way.
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Bader, Shannon M., Robert Welsh, and Mario J. Scalora. "Recidivism Among Female Child Molesters." Violence and Victims 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.349.
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During recent years, research about female sexual offender recidivism rates using official criminal justice records has increased. Although informative, rearrest or conviction rates may be insufficient for this population. This study examines two potential outcome measures for accurately studying recidivism among 57 female sexual offenders; a criminal recidivism measure based on formal legal charges and a reported recidivism measure based on child welfare reports. Based on the criminal recidivism outcome measure, 10 (17.5%) women were charged for a subsequent sexual crime. The broader reported recidivism measure identified six additional women with subsequent contact with police or child welfare agencies for sexually inappropriate behaviors. There were no significant differences found between the 41 nonrecidivists and the 16 recidivists. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Shishane, Kwanele, Johannes John-Langba, and Eyitayo Onifade. "Mental health disorders and recidivism among incarcerated adult offenders in a correctional facility in South Africa: A cluster analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): e0278194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278194.
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The contribution of mental illness, substance use, and appetitive aggression to recidivism has significant policy and practice implications. Offenders with untreated mental illness have a higher recidivism rate and a greater number of criminogenic risk factors than those without mental illness. Previous research has demonstrated that the likelihood of appetitive aggression increases in violent contexts where individuals perpetrate aggressive acts. Using the Ecological Systems Theory, this study investigated the association between mental health disorders and recidivism among incarcerated adult offenders in South Africa, and the intervening role of appetitive aggression and substance use. Using a cross-sectional quantitative research design, a sample of 280 incarcerated male and female adult offenders aged 18–35 with no known psychiatric disorders were sampled at a correctional facility in South Africa. The re-incarceration rate, mental health disorders, substance use, and appetitive aggression symptomology were assessed using the Hopkins symptoms checklist, the CRAFFT measure of substance use, and the appetitive aggression scale. Findings indicate a 32.4% recidivism rate (n = 82). Cluster analysis indicated that the combination of anxiety, depression, substance use, and appetitive aggression increased the likelihood of recidivism. Appetitive aggression median differences between clusters 2 and 3 played a key role in distinguishing recidivism risk among recidivist and non-recidivist participants. Chi-square analysis highlighted group differences in education levels among the established clusters [x2 (3, n = 217) = 12.832, p = .005, which is < .05] as well as group differences in the type of criminal offence [x2 (3, n = 187) = 24.362, p = .000, which is < .05] and cluster membership. Combined factors that increase the likelihood of recidivism provide a typology for classifying offenders based on particular recidivism risk determinants, which offers insights for developing tailored interventions that address a combination of factors.
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Peremolotova, Liliana Yu. "THE PENAL ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM AS A SUBJECT OF PREVENTION OF RECIDIVISM." LEGAL ORDER: History, Theory, Practice 39, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2311-696x-2023-39-4-162-168.
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In order to successfully prevent recidivism, it is necessary to study its specifics and main indicators, the personality characteristics of a recidivist criminal; to identify the causes, conditions and factors contributing to the commission of recidivist crimes. The study and analysis of these materials will contribute to a better prevention of recidivism, which is important to carry out constantly, in the interaction of law enforcement agencies (primarily the penal enforcement system and internal affairs bodies). The implementation of measures to prevent recidivism, based on a scientific analysis of the operational situation, criminological research data and the forecast of the state of crime, will allow employees of the penal enforcement system and internal affairs agencies to systematically carry out preventive and preventive work with persons in correctional institutions (during the period of serving a sentence) and at their place of residence, work or training (in post-retirement period). Measures to prevent recidivism should correspond to the realities of the socio-economic development of the regions and comprehensive crime prevention plans. For the effective implementation of these activities, it is necessary to form among the employees of institutions of the penal enforcement system an awareness of the need to apply theoretical knowledge in professional activities, a sense of responsibility in the performance of professional duties. The penal enforcement system, as a subject of prevention of recidivism, qualitatively performs the tasks assigned to it, however, the stability of indicators characterizing the state of recidivism indicates the need to develop additional measures for its prevention and prevention.
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Pechorro, Pedro, Michael C. Seto, James V. Ray, Isabel Alberto, and Mário R. Simões. "A Prospective Study on Self-Reported Psychopathy and Criminal Recidivism Among Incarcerated Male Juvenile Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 14 (May 26, 2019): 2383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19849569.
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The present study examines the utility of three self-report measures of psychopathic traits in predicting recidivism among a sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders. Participants ( N = 214, M = 16.40 years, SD = 1.29 years) from seven Portuguese juvenile detention centers were followed and prospectively classified as recidivists versus non-recidivists. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that the Antisocial Process Screening Device–Self-Report (APSD-SR) presented the best performance in terms of predicting general recidivism, with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) and the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale–Self-Report (CATS-SR) presenting much poorer results. However, logistic regression models controlling for past frequency of crimes and age of first incarceration found that none of these self-report measures significantly predicted 1- or 3-year recidivism, whether general or violent. Findings suggest there are limitations in terms of the incremental utility of self-report measures of psychopathic traits in predicting recidivism among juveniles.
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Mears, Daniel P., and Joshua C. Cochran. "Progressively Tougher Sanctioning and Recidivism." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, no. 2 (November 14, 2017): 194–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427817739338.
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Objectives: The study tests two related hypotheses about recidivist sentencing premiums and the progressive sanctioning logic on which they rest: (1) among first-time felons, punitive sanctions will more effectively reduce recidivism than will less severe sanctions and (2) among second-time felons, progressively tougher sanctions will more effectively reduce recidivism than will progressions to comparable or less severe sanctions. Method: We use data on first-time and second-time felons and propensity score matching analyses to test these two hypotheses. Results: Although tougher punishment, and increasingly tougher punishment among second-time offenders, may sometimes reduce recidivism, less severe punishment appears on average to be more effective. Conclusions: The results raise questions about the effects of both tougher, and progressively tougher, types of sanctions in efforts to reduce recidivism.
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Pechorro, Pedro, Teresa Braga, James V. Ray, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves, and Henrik Andershed. "Do incarcerated male juvenile recidivists differ from first-time offenders on self-reported psychopathic traits? A retrospective study." European Journal of Criminology 16, no. 4 (May 7, 2018): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818772774.
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The current study analyzed the relation between recidivism and self-reported psychopathic traits, more specifically the callous-unemotional, impulsivity, and narcissism dimensions of the psychopathy construct. The Antisocial Process Screening Device – Self-Report (APSD-SR) and other self-report instruments independently measuring the three different dimensions of psychopathy (that is, Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, Narcissistic Personality-13) were completed by a sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders ( N = 244) who were retrospectively classified as recidivists versus non-recidivists. The only statistically significant relation found between recidivism and self-reported psychopathic traits after controlling for age and socioeconomic status was with the impulsivity dimension of the APSD-SR. Additionally, results showed that recidivism was associated with alcohol use but not with drug use or crime seriousness.
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Jou, Rong-Chang, and Yi-Hao Lu. "Factors Affecting Recidivism of Drunk Driving for Car and Motorbike Users." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9065416.
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This study explored the important factors affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users. The respondents were students of Taiwan’s road safety training course, which was required for all drunk drivers who were suspended from driving due to the violation of regulations. The characteristics of the drunk car and motorbike drivers, such as socioeconomic variables, alcohol consumption changes, family life cycle, and changes in the number of trips, were investigated. This study estimated the models affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users with the logistic regression model. The main variables included drivers with a university degree or above who tend not to be recidivists compared to the drivers without one. Such respondents are more willing to avoid the risk of becoming drunk driving recidivists. Moreover, the variables of alcohol use disorders’ identification test (AUDIT), breath alcohol concentration, and frequency of drunk driving all significantly affect the possibility of recidivism. In terms of family life cycle, married respondents with children aged between 1 and 5 are less likely to become drunk driving recidivists. Those who take motorbikes as an alternative vehicle after being suspended from driving cars are more likely to become drunk driving recidivists. This study suggests the measures of suspending or withdrawing car and motorbike driver’s licenses at the same time, using alcolocks to restrict the right to drive, and increasing the frequency of drunk driving crackdowns. In addition, in terms of alcohol consumption behaviors, drinkers with high risks and drunk drivers with high breath alcohol concentrations should be regarded as the key targets for future tracking in order to avoid drunk driving recidivism.
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Ullauri Betancourt, Santiago Andrés, Andrea Guadalupe Moreno Ramón, Oscar Tadeo Hidalgo Montero, and Diana Emilia Heredia Pincay. "La reincidencia culposa: un análisis jurídico y doctrinario." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 74 (October 25, 2022): 953–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.53.
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The figure of culpable recidivism typified in Article 57 of the Ecuadorian Organic Integral Penal Code is analyzed with respect to the existence of possible violations to basic principles of law, such as proportionality and culpability, in addition to its application as an aggravating factor in cases of dangerousness of the offender and potential to commit infractions again, highlighting the non-compliance with the purposes of criminal law. The possible divergence between Ecuadorian legislation, international treaties and jurisprudential positions are issues to be highlighted in the work. This is a qualitative and documentary type of research, focused on building a correct differentiation between generic and specific recidivism, to avoid future transgressions to the rights of those convicted for guilty recidivism. It is concluded that the application of Article 57 of the COIP punishes the conduct of the person, which violates the inherent rights of Ecuadorians and foreigners residing in the country, because it takes into account the dangerousness of the individual as an identifier of the recidivist, this results in a previous tendency to the judge at the time of sentencing, failing to comply with the purpose of maintaining a legal order that avoids putting the recidivist in a vulnerable situation.
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Aryani, Gustina. "Analisis Yuridis Pembinaan Residivis Anak Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Khusus Anak." Justicia Sains: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 244–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24967/jcs.v8i1.2464.
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The development of prisoners in Indonesia is implemented in the correctional system. Various forms of guidance for correctional students at Special Child Development Institutions cannot be separated from a change in the correctional system, which aims to provide provisions for correctional students to face life after completing their sentence. The problems that will be examined in this article include how to foster child recidivism in Special Child Development Institutions and what are the inhibiting factors in the implementation of child recidivism guidance in Special Child Development Institutions.
The method used in this research is Normative Juridical and Empirical Juridical Research Methods, using primary data and secondary data.
Research Results: The Bandar Lampung Special Children's Development Institute has generally attempted to provide rights to children by implementing and providing guidance in accordance with what is mandated by law. The implementation of coaching for correctional students who are recidivists has so far been the same as other correctional students who are not recidivists, this is because the program and coaching patterns that have existed so far have regulated this. In its implementation, Special Child Development Institutions find it quite difficult to run a coaching program, several inhibiting factors in the implementation of recidivist coaching for correctional students include: low level of education, children's skill abilities, lack of community participation and children's changing thinking patterns. Suggestions that can be given by the author regarding the problems that arise include: for Special Child Development Institutions, it is necessary to differentiate between the training of ordinary correctional students and recidivist correctional students which can have a deterrent effect on children so that they do not commit crimes again, for example by developing their mental health. children and put more emphasis on spiritual development and for officers at Special Education Institutions for Children to be able to encourage correctional students not to commit criminal acts again.
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Ahmed, Aminu Musa, and Abd Halim B. Ahmad. "Social ostracism as a determinant of criminal recidivism in metropolitan Kano-Nigeria: a partial least square analysis." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-04-2015-0010.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examining and analyzing the predictors of criminal recidivism among the ex-prisoners in metropolitan Kano-Nigeria using social ostracism as a predictor. However, the study utilizes two main dimensions of social ostracism; being ignored and being excluded in analyzing criminal recidivism. Design/methodology/approach – This study is quantitative in nature. Data were collected using survey method. Purposive sampling method was used and the population of the study were the ex-prisoners who are released after their prison terms. A total of 256 sample size was utilized and data were analyzed using Partial Lease Squares – Structural Equation Modeling. Findings – The findings revealed that, there is significant positive relationship between ignoring and exclusion of ex-prisoners in relation to criminal recidivism ( < 0.001***). The model used in the study shows that being ignored is having small effects, whereas being excluded is having medium effects (f2 0.121, 0.203), with predictive relevance (Q2 0.1884). Practical implications – Going by the study findings it was concluded that social ostracism of ex-prisoners in metropolitan Kano is having positive effects toward criminal recidivism. It is recommended that policy should be made to reduce the exclusion of ex-prisoners so as to reduce their chances of becoming criminal recidivists. Originality/value – Though many predictors were used in analyzing recidivism, this study used social ostracism which is not previously used as a sole predictor of criminal recidivism.
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Ade, Ade Nugraha, Suryati, and Hartika Utami Putri. "Keefektifan Konseling Kelompok dengan Teknik Thought Stopping untuk Meningkatkan Kontrol Diri Bagi Residivis di LPKA Klas I Palembang." Sociocouns: Journal of Islamic Guidance and Counseling 3, no. 2 (October 13, 2023): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/sjigc.v3i2.99.
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The player problem in this study is that there are still many levels of recidivism in LPKA Class I Palembang. LPKA Class I Palembang has a level of recidivism that pays attention, there are 22 recidivists who are still serving their prison terms, which can lead to damage to the order of life in society, so efforts are needed so that recidivists in LPKA Class I Palembang foster recidivists through group counseling with the Thought Stopping technique to increase self-control for recidivists with the aim that recidivists can stop negative thoughts and can increase their ability to control their behavior in society. The sample data collection technique was using purposive sampling technique with a total population of 22 recidivists. Analysis of the research data using the Wilcoxon test, the results obtained by filling out a 25-item questionnaire, from the Wilcoxon test results in the experimental group, Asymp.sig(2-tailed) 0.002 was obtained. value 0.002 < 0.05 and control group Asymp.sig(2-tailed) 0.027. value 0.002 < 0.05 obtained from the pretest and posttest results which means that Ha is accepted and effectively used to increase self-control for recidivists at LPKA KLAS in Palembang.
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Hung, Elise S. W. "Psychological Risk Factors of Future Drug Offending among Young Offenders in Hong Kong - A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Psychological Studies 12, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v12n4p31.
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In recent years there is a growing concern on drug offenders in Hong Kong. Despite its over-representation in prison and recidivists, drug offending has seldom been studied systematically in risk factor research. The issue as to whether drug offending has specific psychological risk factors or they share a common set of risk factors with general offending remains largely unaddressed. This research applied a longitudinal design to investigate this issue. Using a data-set on young offenders’ psychological characteristics established in 2004 in the Hong Kong Correctional Services, and re-conviction data retrieved 11 years later in 2015, ANCOVA with planned orthogonal contrasts and Discriminant Function Analysis, Correlation and Regression analyses were used to analyze factors predicting post-release outcomes including recidivism, drug offending, and crime severity. Results revealed two sets of psychological risk factors with little overlap that could predict general recidivism (of all types of crime) and future drug offending. Recidivism could be predicted by low Future Time Perspective and Empathy, and high Assertiveness. Low Empathy was predictive of post-release crime severity of non-drug offending recidivists. Drug offending, in contrast, could be predicted by high Impulsiveness and Social Problem-solving deficits during adolescence. These two variables, together with low Assertiveness, also predicted post-release crime severity of drug-offending recidivists. Implications to future intervention and research were discussed.
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Hairi, Prianter Jaya. "Konsep dan Pembaruan Residivisme dalam Hukum Pidana di Indonesia (Concept and Reform of Recidivism in Criminal Law in Indonesia)." Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan 9, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v9i2.1048.
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The legal arrangement of additional penalty for repetition of crime (recidivism) as stipulated in Indonesian Criminal Code has been considered quite complicated to be executed. The draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill brings changes to the concept of recidivism. This study intends to examine the concept of recidivism in the doctrine, in its current arrangement, in the draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill, and to examine the implications of the concepts’ changing for criminal law enforcement in general. In the discussion it is known that the existing Criminal Code, applied the concept of special recidivism with the intermediate system, that will be transformed into a system of "Algemene Recidive" or a general recidive, which means that it would no longer differentiates the type of crime or group of repeated offenses. The draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill stipulates that the period of time a person is charged due to a recidive is an additional "5 (five) years" after undergoing all or part of the principal punishment imposed or after the principal criminal sentence has been abolished, or when the crime was committed, the previous sentences has not been expired (still serving a criminal sentence). Some of the implications of these changes are to include a relatively simpler concept of recidivism in the draft Criminal Code compare to what is currently regulated in the Criminal Code. Therefore, this concept will make it easier for law enforcers to implement recidivism. Implementation of the concept of recidivism should be followed by changes in criminal procedural instruments (RUU KUHAP) and other regulations related to technical procedures in each law enforcement agency. Changes in the recidivist system also need to be followed by efforts to reform the penitentiary system, so that the level of recidivism would not increased.AbstrakPengaturan hukum mengenai pemberatan hukuman karena pengulangan tindak pidana (residivisme) yang terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) selama ini dipandang cukup rumit untuk diterapkan. RUU Hukum Pidana membawa perubahan terhadap konsep residivisme. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji bagaimana konsep residivisme dalam doktrin, dalam pengaturannya saat ini, dalam draft RUU Hukum Pidana, serta mengkaji implikasi perubahan konsep tersebut bagi penegakan hukum pidana secara umum. Dalam pembahasan diketahui bahwa KUHP yang selama ini berlaku, menerapkan sistem residivis khusus dengan sistem antara, akan diubah menjadi sistem “Algemene Recidive” atau recidive umum, yang artinya sudah tidak lagi membedakan jenis tindak pidana atau kelompok jenis tindak pidana yang diulangi. RUU Hukum Pidana diantaranya mengatur bahwa jangka waktu seseorang dikenakan pemberatan akibat recidive ialah “5 (lima) tahun” setelah menjalani seluruh atau sebagian pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan atau pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan telah dihapuskan, atau pada waktu melakukan Tindak Pidana, kewajiban menjalani pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan terdahulu belum kedaluwarsa (masih menjalani pidana). Beberapa implikasi dari perubahan tersebut antara lain bahwa konsep recidivis dalam draf RUU Hukum Pidana relatif lebih simpel dibandingkan dengan yang diatur dalam KUHP yang berlaku saat ini. Oleh sebab itu konsep tersebut akan lebih memudahkan penegak hukum dalam penerapannya. Penerapan konsep residivis perlu diikuti dengan perubahan instrumen hukum acara pidana (RUU KUHAP) serta peraturan lain terkait prosedur teknis di masing-masing lembaga penegak hukum. Perubahan sistem residivis juga perlu diikuti dengan upaya pembenahan terhadap sistem pembinaan lembaga pemasyarakatan, agar tingkat residivisme tidak semakin tinggi.
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Glover, Anthony J. J., Diane E. Nicholson, Toni Hemmati, Gary A. Bernfeld, and Vernon L. Quinsey. "A Comparison of Predictors of General and Violent Recidivism Among High-Risk Federal Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 29, no. 3 (June 2002): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854802029003001.
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The accuracy of 10 risk measures in predicting general and violent recidivism among 106 federally sentenced male offenders was compared. During an average period of opportunity to reoffend of 713 days ( SD = 601.38), 28 offenders recidivated nonviolently, and 34 recidivated violently. Common language effect sizes in discriminating violent recidivists from other offenders were .73 for the General Statistical Information on Recidivism–Revised and .72 for the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide. Effect sizes ranging from .58 to .68 were obtained for DSM-IV Conduct Disorder scored as a scale, the Violent Statistical Information on Recidivism–Revised, the Psychological Referral Screening Form, the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised total score and Factor 2, and the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale. Effect sizes of .58 and .51 were obtained with the DSM-IV Antisocial Personality Disorder scored as a scale and the Psychopathy Checklist Factor 1, respectively.
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Boritch, Helen. "The Criminal Class Revisited." Social Science History 29, no. 1 (2005): 137–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013274.
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Much of the renewed interest in the history of crime and punishment over the past two decades has centered on various aspects of the nineteenth-century notion of a criminal class. Although recidivism was widely regarded as the defining feature of the criminal class, little of this research has focused on systematic investigations of either differences between recidivists and the rest of the prison population or the nature and extent of recidivism-related differences in sentence outcomes. This article examines these two issues using data on offenders committed to Middlesex County Jail, Ontario, from 1871 to 1920. The results show that while recidivists differed from first-time committals to prison in terms of a number of sociodemographic and case-related characteristics, they bore little resemblance to contemporary stereotypes about the criminal class. In addition, the findings reveal both similarities and noteworthy differences with respect to the factors associated with harsher sentencing outcomes for recidivists and nonrecidivists.
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Buljubašić, Suada. "RECIDIVISM AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY." Zbornik radova Islamskog pedagoškog fakulteta u Zenici (Online), no. 9 (December 15, 2011): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2011.173.
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Juvenile delinquency is one of serious problems in our society. The problem of recidivism (reversion) is becoming more present among juvenile delinquents. Causes of recidivism should be sought among factors that lead to juvenile delinquency, but in/appropriate social reaction should be pointed out as well. The reason for not facing this problem more seriously is usually found in a shortage of adequate institutions, particularly juvenile prisons. However, there are no serious debates on the functioning of current institutions and on effects of resocialisation. The data indicate that a number of recidivists grew for 13.4% in 2010, compared with 2007. Our criminal justice introduced pedagogical recommendations such as the diversion program, i.e. redirection program, by which it is becoming closer to standards of developed countries in respect to their social reaction to juvenile offenders. The purpose of the program is to deal with a juvenile delinquent with different measures in order to resocialize him/her, but without criminal procedure, by which stigmatization is avoided. Nevertheless, there are numerous obstacles for practicing this program. Keywords: juvenile delinquency, recidivism, criminal offences, social reaction, family, pedagogical recommendations, criminal sanctions, resocialisation, juveniles, criminally irresponsible persons
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Getoš Kalac, Anna-Maria, and Lea Feuerbach. "On (Measuring) Recidivism, Penal Populism and the Future of Recidivism Research." Godišnjak Akademije pravnih znanosti Hrvatske 14, no. 1 (November 24, 2023): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32984/gapzh.14.1.1.
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It is common criminological knowledge that recidivism – relapse into criminal behaviour – is a major predictor of future criminal behaviour, one could say a ‘hard-core’ criminogenic factor, esp. when displayed at a young age. Yet, despite its prominence and importance in both criminology and the discipline and practice of criminal law, there is an ongoing confusion about the concept and social construction of recidivism, its basic terminology, approaches to its measurement (methodology), and finally about the best ways to deal with it. In the paper at hand, we aim to unravel at least some of the grand mysteries surrounding recidivism and its research, targeting particularly domestic criminal justice professionals and researchers, since we have found a certain lack of relevant and up-to-date Croatian publications on this topic. Instead of simply presenting or arguing for any of the competing perspectives, such as the criminological, normative or penological, or a more practical instead of a scientific perspective (to name but a few), we critically analyse each of these perspectives, highlighting their pros and cons, while leaving it to the readers to choose any or all of them – depending on their own perspectives and purposes. Thus, key findings from recidivism research are discussed in the context of steadily growing penal populism, which is characterised by broadening the scope of criminalisation and increasing sentencing frameworks as well as harsher punishment practices, targeting in particular recidivists. All this occurs in the context of populist public and media discourse about crime and criminals, which effectively undermines any notion of evidence-based crime policy. But times are changing and the future of recidivism research, spearheaded by neuropenology, might very well provide us with a new kind of knowledge and understanding needed to put a check on penal populism.
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Grasmick, Harold G., and Michael D. Maltz. "Recidivism." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 5 (September 1985): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069519.
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Bush, Jimi, and Sarah Chenvert. "An Evaluation of Clinicians with Subsequent Disciplinary Actions: Washington Medical Commission." Journal of Medical Regulation 108, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-108.1.16.
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ABSTRACT In an effort to better understand levels of recidivism among physicians and physician assistants in the state of Washington, the Washington Medical Commission (WMC) assessed 12 years of disciplinary information, drawing on sanctions delivered in the state during the period 2008–2020. The WMC identified the frequency and severity of disciplinary actions, the offenses leading to actions and the degree to which sanctioned physicians were subsequently sanctioned again. The most significant finding of the study is that there are common timelines and complaint instances among recidivist providers in Washington. This finding suggests that proactive interventions by medical boards, aimed at reducing the incidence of recidivism, may merit further study and consideration.
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Mbawala, Hamis, Yohana James Mgale, and Tumaini Rwela. "Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Initiatives in Reducing Recidivism in Tanzania: Evidence from Isanga and Ukonga Central Prisons." Rural Planning Journal 25, no. 2 (February 11, 2024): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.31.
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Although there have been different rehabilitation activities introduced by Tanzania Prison Services (TPS) since independence to reduce recidivism, the rate of recidivism has remained relatively high with the prevalence of reoffending and stigma on the part of ex-prisoners. Failure to effectively implement rehabilitation activities is said to be among the causes of an increase in recidivism by the ex-prisoners. With support from cognitive behavioural therapy, human capital theory, and labelling theory, this study aimed to explore the effects of rehabilitation activities on reducing recidivism in Tanzania by combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, discussions, and observations. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, while qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. Findings revealed that informal rehabilitation activities were not able to reduce the reoffending behaviour of recidivists. The effective rehabilitation activities were those focused on life skills, psychosocial aspects, and educational programs. Problems such as curriculum design, financial constraints, infrastructure limitations, attendance problems, and varying literacy levels among prisoners pose obstacles to the effective rehabilitation of prisoners. Therefore, rehabilitation initiatives should focus on generating practical skills that contribute to the successful reintegration of prisoners into society. In addition, life skills, spiritual, psychological, and educational programs must be supported by authentic curricula and well-defined delivery modes. Prison management should also be sensitized to the importance of disciplinary science, aftercare services, and startup capital for enhancing reintegration, proper rehabilitation, and reducing recidivism among prisoners.
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Cale, Jesse, and Patrick Lussier. "Merging Developmental and Criminal Career Perspectives." Sexual Abuse 24, no. 2 (July 25, 2011): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063211403503.
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Currently, a majority of actuarial risk-assessment tools for sexual recidivism contain static risk factors that measure various aspects of the offender’s prior criminal history in adulthood. The goal of the current study was to assess the utility of extending static risk factors, by using developmental and criminal career parameters of offending, in the actuarial assessment of risk of violent/sexual recidivism. The current study was based on a sample of 204 convicted sexual aggressors of women incarcerated in the province of Quebec, Canada between April 1994 and June 2000. Semistructured interviews were used to gather information on the offender’s antisocial history prior to adulthood, and police records were used to collect data on the criminal career of these offenders in adulthood. For an average follow-up period of approximately 4 years, the violent/sexual recidivism rate for the sample was 23.7%. The results provided support for the inclusion of both developmental and criminal career indicators for the prediction of violent/sexual recidivism. More specifically, recidivists were characterized by an early onset antisocial trajectory and a pattern of escalation of antisocial behavior between childhood and adolescence. The findings suggest that risk assessors should look beyond broad adult criminal history data to include aspects of antisocial development to improve predictive accuracy.
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Puntsagsuren, Bayarbaatar. "Recidivists rehabilitation through interpersonal interaction." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 4, no. 1 (April 27, 2024): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2024-1-85-92.
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Introduction. The issues of re-socialization of individuals serving criminal punishment in Mongolian correctional institutions are discussed. The area of the research is the problem of reducing the number of repeat offenses due to interpersonal problems as well as interaction and communication skills of individuals being under criminal punishment. The subject of the study is to prove the importance of interpersonal interaction skills in counteracting recidivism. The statistics of repeated crimes in the Republic of Mongolia are described and social and psychological problems of this category of individuals are analyzed. Theoretical approaches to prevent recidivism are examined. The author states the necessity of empirical analysis of sociopsychological causes, including interpersonal interaction leading to recidivism. The method of research was sociological survey, and the technique is a questionnaire to study the skills of interpersonal interaction. Results. Interpersonal skills of 1.416 recidivists confined in open and closed regime prisons under the General Executive Agency of Court Decision were assessed by a special test, and the assessment results were analyzed using SPSS 26 software. Skills study revealed socio-psychological factors influencing repeated criminal behavior and offer practical recommendations to reduce the risk of recidivism. Conclusion. The findings of the study proves the need to conduct socio-psychological work with inmates to develop their interpersonal communication skills.
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Petrović, Vera. "Inter-rater reliability of recidivism risk assessments of the high-risk convicted." Bezbednost, Beograd 65, no. 3 (2023): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2303046p.
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Recidivism risk assessment in the penal system has significantly advanced, and today assessment instruments are in use that should contribute to more effective treatment of convicts. However, despite the efforts invested in the development and enhancement of the instruments, there are still certain problems in their application, which researchers and practitioners strive to eliminate or minimize. In accordance with the aforementioned, the aim of this paper is to examine the interrater reliability of the Questionnaire for Assessing Risk, Capacity and Needs of convicts in the prison system of the Republic of Serbia. The study was conducted in three penitentiaries (Požarevac, Sremska Mitrovica and Niš) on a sample of 54 convicted persons who were assessed as having a high or extremely high recidivism risk in the reception department and 35 employed professional staff members. The obtained data indicate a moderate agreement (0.637) measured by Cohen's Kappa coefficient, and an absolute agreement among of the evaluators in 88.9% of cases. On the other hand, absolute agreement of the evaluators, when looking at the recidivsm risk score, exists in only 7 cases. It was found that the largest number of items have a moderate agreement, as well as that the static recidivism risk factors were most consistently evaluated. The findings of our research show that the instrument has moderate rater agreement, on a sample of a high recidivism risk offenders, but also that there are certain problems that affect interobserver reliability.
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Vaslamatzis, G., K. Katsouyanni, and M. Markidis. "The efficacy of a psychiatric halfway house: a study of hospital recidivism and global outcome measure." European Psychiatry 12, no. 2 (1997): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)89647-2.
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SummaryThe authors investigated the post-halfway house outcome of a sample of 41 former residents of the halfway house of the Department of Psychiatry, Athens University. Two criteria were used: hospital recidivism and global ratings of outcome (which was assessed on the basis of three parameters: rehospitalization, employment and independent living). Mean duration from the time of departure was 32 months (range: 8–52 months). Within this period good outcome and non-recidivism were related with compliance to pharmacotherapy. Most recidivists also had a shorter stay in the halfway house and cases with successful outcome tended to be evaluated higher on the “Behaviour in Halfway House Scale” at the end of the residency.
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Aziz, Siti Nur Afifah, Bambang Sugiri, and Lucky Endrawati. "Residivistis sebagai Syarat Pengecualian Diversi dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v7i2p293-302.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the Banyumas District Court Decision Number 05/Pid.Sus-Anak/2015/PN-Bms and analyze the recidivism concept in Indonesia's juvenile criminal justice system. This study uses a normative doctrinal method with legal, case, and conceptual approaches. The decision of the Banyumas District Court Number 05/Pid.Sus-Anak/2015/PN-Bms contained a case of abuse by a child who had previously been punished with three months in prison by the Purbalingga Court for committing the crime of theft. The concept of recidivism in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia was based on Article 7 paragraph (2) letter b of Law Number 11 of 2012, which explained that children who commit recidivists could not be diverted.
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Neudert, Marcus, Susen Lailach, Nikoloz Lasurashvili, Max Kemper, Thomas Beleites, and Thomas Zahnert. "Cholesteatoma Recidivism." Otology & Neurotology 35, no. 10 (December 2014): 1801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000000484.
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Powles, A. C. Peter. "Recidivism Revisited." Chest 98, no. 4 (October 1990): 790–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.98.4.790.
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Koschmann, Matthew A., and Brittany L. Peterson. "Rethinking Recidivism." Journal of Applied Social Science 7, no. 2 (April 12, 2013): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1936724412467021.
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